std.crypto.onetimeauth.ghash: faster GHASH on modern CPUs (#13566)

* std.crypto.onetimeauth.ghash: faster GHASH on modern CPUs

Carryless multiplication was slow on older Intel CPUs, justifying
the need for using Karatsuba multiplication.

This is not the case any more; using 4 multiplications to multiply
two 128-bit numbers is actually faster than 3 multiplications +
shifts and additions.

This is also true on aarch64.

Keep using Karatsuba only when targeting x86 (granted, this is a bit
of a brutal shortcut, we should really list all the CPU models that
had a slow clmul instruction).

Also remove useless agg_2 treshold and restore the ability to
precompute only H and H^2 in ReleaseSmall.

Finally, avoid using u256. Using 128-bit registers is actually faster.

* Use a switch, add some comments

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