stage2: building mingw-w64 and COFF LDD linking

still TODO is the task of creating import .lib files for DLLs on the fly
both for -lfoo and for e.g. `extern "kernel32"`

2 files changed, 511 insertions, 90 deletions

diff --git a/src/link/Coff.zig b/src/link/Coff.zig
index c396732bc1..e1d7a07fbc 100644
--- a/src/link/Coff.zig
+++ b/src/link/Coff.zig
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ const log = std.log.scoped(.link);
 const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
 const assert = std.debug.assert;
 const fs = std.fs;
+const allocPrint = std.fmt.allocPrint;
+const mem = std.mem;
 
 const trace = @import("../tracy.zig").trace;
 const Module = @import("../Module.zig");
@@ -12,6 +14,8 @@ const Compilation = @import("../Compilation.zig");
 const codegen = @import("../codegen.zig");
 const link = @import("../link.zig");
 const build_options = @import("build_options");
+const Cache = @import("../Cache.zig");
+const mingw = @import("../mingw.zig");
 
 const allocation_padding = 4 / 3;
 const minimum_text_block_size = 64 * allocation_padding;
@@ -21,7 +25,7 @@ const file_alignment = 512;
 const image_base = 0x400_000;
 const section_table_size = 2 * 40;
 comptime {
-    assert(std.mem.isAligned(image_base, section_alignment));
+    assert(mem.isAligned(image_base, section_alignment));
 }
 
 pub const base_tag: link.File.Tag = .coff;
@@ -155,14 +159,14 @@ pub fn openPath(allocator: *Allocator, sub_path: []const u8, options: link.Optio
     if (machine == .Unknown) {
         return error.UnsupportedCOFFArchitecture;
     }
-    std.mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[0..2], @enumToInt(machine));
+    mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[0..2], @enumToInt(machine));
     index += 2;
 
     // Number of sections (we only use .got, .text)
-    std.mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 2);
+    mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 2);
     index += 2;
     // TimeDateStamp (u32), PointerToSymbolTable (u32), NumberOfSymbols (u32)
-    std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..12], 0);
+    mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..12], 0);
     index += 12;
 
     const optional_header_size = switch (options.output_mode) {
@@ -177,8 +181,8 @@ pub fn openPath(allocator: *Allocator, sub_path: []const u8, options: link.Optio
     const default_offset_table_size = file_alignment;
     const default_size_of_code = 0;
 
-    self.section_data_offset = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.section_table_offset + section_table_size, file_alignment);
-    const section_data_relative_virtual_address = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.section_table_offset + section_table_size, section_alignment);
+    self.section_data_offset = mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.section_table_offset + section_table_size, file_alignment);
+    const section_data_relative_virtual_address = mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.section_table_offset + section_table_size, section_alignment);
     self.offset_table_virtual_address = image_base + section_data_relative_virtual_address;
     self.offset_table_size = default_offset_table_size;
     self.section_table_offset = section_table_offset;
@@ -186,9 +190,9 @@ pub fn openPath(allocator: *Allocator, sub_path: []const u8, options: link.Optio
     self.text_section_size = default_size_of_code;
 
     // Size of file when loaded in memory
-    const size_of_image = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.text_section_virtual_address - image_base + default_size_of_code, section_alignment);
+    const size_of_image = mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.text_section_virtual_address - image_base + default_size_of_code, section_alignment);
 
-    std.mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], optional_header_size);
+    mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], optional_header_size);
     index += 2;
 
     // Characteristics
@@ -200,7 +204,7 @@ pub fn openPath(allocator: *Allocator, sub_path: []const u8, options: link.Optio
         .p32 => characteristics |= std.coff.IMAGE_FILE_32BIT_MACHINE,
         .p64 => characteristics |= std.coff.IMAGE_FILE_LARGE_ADDRESS_AWARE,
     }
-    std.mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], characteristics);
+    mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], characteristics);
     index += 2;
 
     assert(index == 20);
@@ -210,106 +214,106 @@ pub fn openPath(allocator: *Allocator, sub_path: []const u8, options: link.Optio
         self.optional_header_offset = coff_file_header_offset + 20;
         // Optional header
         index = 0;
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[0..2], switch (self.ptr_width) {
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[0..2], switch (self.ptr_width) {
             .p32 => @as(u16, 0x10b),
             .p64 => 0x20b,
         });
         index += 2;
 
         // Linker version (u8 + u8)
-        std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 0);
+        mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 0);
         index += 2;
 
         // SizeOfCode (UNUSED, u32), SizeOfInitializedData (u32), SizeOfUninitializedData (u32), AddressOfEntryPoint (u32), BaseOfCode (UNUSED, u32)
-        std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..20], 0);
+        mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..20], 0);
         index += 20;
 
         if (self.ptr_width == .p32) {
             // Base of data relative to the image base (UNUSED)
-            std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0);
+            mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0);
             index += 4;
 
             // Image base address
-            std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], image_base);
+            mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], image_base);
             index += 4;
         } else {
             // Image base address
-            std.mem.writeIntLittle(u64, hdr_data[index..][0..8], image_base);
+            mem.writeIntLittle(u64, hdr_data[index..][0..8], image_base);
             index += 8;
         }
 
         // Section alignment
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], section_alignment);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], section_alignment);
         index += 4;
         // File alignment
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], file_alignment);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], file_alignment);
         index += 4;
         // Required OS version, 6.0 is vista
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 6);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 6);
         index += 2;
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 0);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 0);
         index += 2;
         // Image version
-        std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0);
+        mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0);
         index += 4;
         // Required subsystem version, same as OS version
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 6);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 6);
         index += 2;
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 0);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 0);
         index += 2;
         // Reserved zeroes (u32)
-        std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0);
+        mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0);
         index += 4;
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], size_of_image);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], size_of_image);
         index += 4;
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], self.section_data_offset);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], self.section_data_offset);
         index += 4;
         // CheckSum (u32)
-        std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0);
+        mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0);
         index += 4;
         // Subsystem, TODO: Let users specify the subsystem, always CUI for now
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 3);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 3);
         index += 2;
         // DLL characteristics
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 0x0);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u16, hdr_data[index..][0..2], 0x0);
         index += 2;
 
         switch (self.ptr_width) {
             .p32 => {
                 // Size of stack reserve + commit
-                std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0x1_000_000);
+                mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0x1_000_000);
                 index += 4;
-                std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0x1_000);
+                mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0x1_000);
                 index += 4;
                 // Size of heap reserve + commit
-                std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0x100_000);
+                mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0x100_000);
                 index += 4;
-                std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0x1_000);
+                mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0x1_000);
                 index += 4;
             },
             .p64 => {
                 // Size of stack reserve + commit
-                std.mem.writeIntLittle(u64, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0x1_000_000);
+                mem.writeIntLittle(u64, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0x1_000_000);
                 index += 8;
-                std.mem.writeIntLittle(u64, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0x1_000);
+                mem.writeIntLittle(u64, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0x1_000);
                 index += 8;
                 // Size of heap reserve + commit
-                std.mem.writeIntLittle(u64, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0x100_000);
+                mem.writeIntLittle(u64, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0x100_000);
                 index += 8;
-                std.mem.writeIntLittle(u64, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0x1_000);
+                mem.writeIntLittle(u64, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0x1_000);
                 index += 8;
             },
         }
 
         // Reserved zeroes
-        std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0);
+        mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..4], 0);
         index += 4;
 
         // Number of data directories
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], data_directory_count);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], data_directory_count);
         index += 4;
         // Initialize data directories to zero
-        std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0 .. data_directory_count * 8], 0);
+        mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0 .. data_directory_count * 8], 0);
         index += data_directory_count * 8;
 
         assert(index == optional_header_size);
@@ -321,52 +325,52 @@ pub fn openPath(allocator: *Allocator, sub_path: []const u8, options: link.Optio
     index += 8;
     if (options.output_mode == .Exe) {
         // Virtual size (u32)
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], default_offset_table_size);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], default_offset_table_size);
         index += 4;
         // Virtual address (u32)
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], self.offset_table_virtual_address - image_base);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], self.offset_table_virtual_address - image_base);
         index += 4;
     } else {
-        std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0);
+        mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0);
         index += 8;
     }
     // Size of raw data (u32)
-    std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], default_offset_table_size);
+    mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], default_offset_table_size);
     index += 4;
     // File pointer to the start of the section
-    std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], self.section_data_offset);
+    mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], self.section_data_offset);
     index += 4;
     // Pointer to relocations (u32), PointerToLinenumbers (u32), NumberOfRelocations (u16), NumberOfLinenumbers (u16)
-    std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..12], 0);
+    mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..12], 0);
     index += 12;
     // Section flags
-    std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], std.coff.IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | std.coff.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ);
+    mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], std.coff.IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA | std.coff.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ);
     index += 4;
     // Then, the .text section
     hdr_data[index..][0..8].* = ".text\x00\x00\x00".*;
     index += 8;
     if (options.output_mode == .Exe) {
         // Virtual size (u32)
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], default_size_of_code);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], default_size_of_code);
         index += 4;
         // Virtual address (u32)
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], self.text_section_virtual_address - image_base);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], self.text_section_virtual_address - image_base);
         index += 4;
     } else {
-        std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0);
+        mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..8], 0);
         index += 8;
     }
     // Size of raw data (u32)
-    std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], default_size_of_code);
+    mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], default_size_of_code);
     index += 4;
     // File pointer to the start of the section
-    std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], self.section_data_offset + default_offset_table_size);
+    mem.writeIntLittle(u32, hdr_data[index..][0..4], self.section_data_offset + default_offset_table_size);
     index += 4;
     // Pointer to relocations (u32), PointerToLinenumbers (u32), NumberOfRelocations (u16), NumberOfLinenumbers (u16)
-    std.mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..12], 0);
+    mem.set(u8, hdr_data[index..][0..12], 0);
     index += 12;
     // Section flags
-    std.mem.writeIntLittle(
+    mem.writeIntLittle(
         u32,
         hdr_data[index..][0..4],
         std.coff.IMAGE_SCN_CNT_CODE | std.coff.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE | std.coff.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ | std.coff.IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE,
@@ -434,7 +438,7 @@ fn allocateTextBlock(self: *Coff, text_block: *TextBlock, new_block_size: u64, a
             const free_block = self.text_block_free_list.items[i];
 
             const next_block_text_offset = free_block.text_offset + free_block.capacity();
-            const new_block_text_offset = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u64, free_block.getVAddr(self.*) + free_block.size, alignment) - self.text_section_virtual_address;
+            const new_block_text_offset = mem.alignForwardGeneric(u64, free_block.getVAddr(self.*) + free_block.size, alignment) - self.text_section_virtual_address;
             if (new_block_text_offset < next_block_text_offset and next_block_text_offset - new_block_text_offset >= new_block_min_capacity) {
                 block_placement = free_block;
 
@@ -453,7 +457,7 @@ fn allocateTextBlock(self: *Coff, text_block: *TextBlock, new_block_size: u64, a
                 continue;
             }
         } else if (self.last_text_block) |last| {
-            const new_block_vaddr = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u64, last.getVAddr(self.*) + last.size, alignment);
+            const new_block_vaddr = mem.alignForwardGeneric(u64, last.getVAddr(self.*) + last.size, alignment);
             block_placement = last;
             break :blk new_block_vaddr;
         } else {
@@ -463,15 +467,15 @@ fn allocateTextBlock(self: *Coff, text_block: *TextBlock, new_block_size: u64, a
 
     const expand_text_section = block_placement == null or block_placement.?.next == null;
     if (expand_text_section) {
-        const needed_size = @intCast(u32, std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u64, vaddr + new_block_size - self.text_section_virtual_address, file_alignment));
+        const needed_size = @intCast(u32, mem.alignForwardGeneric(u64, vaddr + new_block_size - self.text_section_virtual_address, file_alignment));
         if (needed_size > self.text_section_size) {
-            const current_text_section_virtual_size = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.text_section_size, section_alignment);
-            const new_text_section_virtual_size = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, needed_size, section_alignment);
+            const current_text_section_virtual_size = mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.text_section_size, section_alignment);
+            const new_text_section_virtual_size = mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, needed_size, section_alignment);
             if (current_text_section_virtual_size != new_text_section_virtual_size) {
                 self.size_of_image_dirty = true;
                 // Write new virtual size
                 var buf: [4]u8 = undefined;
-                std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, &buf, new_text_section_virtual_size);
+                mem.writeIntLittle(u32, &buf, new_text_section_virtual_size);
                 try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(&buf, self.section_table_offset + 40 + 8);
             }
 
@@ -509,7 +513,7 @@ fn allocateTextBlock(self: *Coff, text_block: *TextBlock, new_block_size: u64, a
 
 fn growTextBlock(self: *Coff, text_block: *TextBlock, new_block_size: u64, alignment: u64) !u64 {
     const block_vaddr = text_block.getVAddr(self.*);
-    const align_ok = std.mem.alignBackwardGeneric(u64, block_vaddr, alignment) == block_vaddr;
+    const align_ok = mem.alignBackwardGeneric(u64, block_vaddr, alignment) == block_vaddr;
     const need_realloc = !align_ok or new_block_size > text_block.capacity();
     if (!need_realloc) return @as(u64, block_vaddr);
     return self.allocateTextBlock(text_block, new_block_size, alignment);
@@ -575,14 +579,14 @@ fn writeOffsetTableEntry(self: *Coff, index: usize) !void {
 
         // Write the new raw size in the .got header
         var buf: [8]u8 = undefined;
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, buf[0..4], new_raw_size);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, buf[0..4], new_raw_size);
         try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(buf[0..4], self.section_table_offset + 16);
         // Write the new .text section file offset in the .text section header
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, buf[0..4], new_text_section_start);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, buf[0..4], new_text_section_start);
         try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(buf[0..4], self.section_table_offset + 40 + 20);
 
-        const current_virtual_size = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.offset_table_size, section_alignment);
-        const new_virtual_size = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, new_raw_size, section_alignment);
+        const current_virtual_size = mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.offset_table_size, section_alignment);
+        const new_virtual_size = mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, new_raw_size, section_alignment);
         // If we had to move in the virtual address space, we need to fix the VAs in the offset table, as well as the virtual address of the `.text` section
         // and the virutal size of the `.got` section
 
@@ -592,12 +596,12 @@ fn writeOffsetTableEntry(self: *Coff, index: usize) !void {
             const va_offset = new_virtual_size - current_virtual_size;
 
             // Write .got virtual size
-            std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, buf[0..4], new_virtual_size);
+            mem.writeIntLittle(u32, buf[0..4], new_virtual_size);
             try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(buf[0..4], self.section_table_offset + 8);
 
             // Write .text new virtual address
             self.text_section_virtual_address = self.text_section_virtual_address + va_offset;
-            std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, buf[0..4], self.text_section_virtual_address - image_base);
+            mem.writeIntLittle(u32, buf[0..4], self.text_section_virtual_address - image_base);
             try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(buf[0..4], self.section_table_offset + 40 + 12);
 
             // Fix the VAs in the offset table
@@ -607,11 +611,11 @@ fn writeOffsetTableEntry(self: *Coff, index: usize) !void {
 
                     switch (entry_size) {
                         4 => {
-                            std.mem.writeInt(u32, buf[0..4], @intCast(u32, va.*), endian);
+                            mem.writeInt(u32, buf[0..4], @intCast(u32, va.*), endian);
                             try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(buf[0..4], offset_table_start + idx * entry_size);
                         },
                         8 => {
-                            std.mem.writeInt(u64, &buf, va.*, endian);
+                            mem.writeInt(u64, &buf, va.*, endian);
                             try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(&buf, offset_table_start + idx * entry_size);
                         },
                         else => unreachable,
@@ -626,12 +630,12 @@ fn writeOffsetTableEntry(self: *Coff, index: usize) !void {
     switch (entry_size) {
         4 => {
             var buf: [4]u8 = undefined;
-            std.mem.writeInt(u32, &buf, @intCast(u32, self.offset_table.items[index]), endian);
+            mem.writeInt(u32, &buf, @intCast(u32, self.offset_table.items[index]), endian);
             try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(&buf, offset_table_start + index * entry_size);
         },
         8 => {
             var buf: [8]u8 = undefined;
-            std.mem.writeInt(u64, &buf, self.offset_table.items[index], endian);
+            mem.writeInt(u64, &buf, self.offset_table.items[index], endian);
             try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(&buf, offset_table_start + index * entry_size);
         },
         else => unreachable,
@@ -664,7 +668,7 @@ pub fn updateDecl(self: *Coff, module: *Module, decl: *Module.Decl) !void {
     if (curr_size != 0) {
         const capacity = decl.link.coff.capacity();
         const need_realloc = code.len > capacity or
-            !std.mem.isAlignedGeneric(u32, decl.link.coff.text_offset, required_alignment);
+            !mem.isAlignedGeneric(u32, decl.link.coff.text_offset, required_alignment);
         if (need_realloc) {
             const curr_vaddr = self.getDeclVAddr(decl);
             const vaddr = try self.growTextBlock(&decl.link.coff, code.len, required_alignment);
@@ -679,7 +683,7 @@ pub fn updateDecl(self: *Coff, module: *Module, decl: *Module.Decl) !void {
         }
     } else {
         const vaddr = try self.allocateTextBlock(&decl.link.coff, code.len, required_alignment);
-        log.debug("allocated text block for {} at 0x{x} (size: {Bi})\n", .{ std.mem.spanZ(decl.name), vaddr, code.len });
+        log.debug("allocated text block for {} at 0x{x} (size: {Bi})\n", .{ mem.spanZ(decl.name), vaddr, code.len });
         errdefer self.freeTextBlock(&decl.link.coff);
         self.offset_table.items[decl.link.coff.offset_table_index] = vaddr;
         try self.writeOffsetTableEntry(decl.link.coff.offset_table_index);
@@ -702,7 +706,7 @@ pub fn freeDecl(self: *Coff, decl: *Module.Decl) void {
 pub fn updateDeclExports(self: *Coff, module: *Module, decl: *const Module.Decl, exports: []const *Module.Export) !void {
     for (exports) |exp| {
         if (exp.options.section) |section_name| {
-            if (!std.mem.eql(u8, section_name, ".text")) {
+            if (!mem.eql(u8, section_name, ".text")) {
                 try module.failed_exports.ensureCapacity(module.gpa, module.failed_exports.items().len + 1);
                 module.failed_exports.putAssumeCapacityNoClobber(
                     exp,
@@ -711,7 +715,7 @@ pub fn updateDeclExports(self: *Coff, module: *Module, decl: *const Module.Decl,
                 continue;
             }
         }
-        if (std.mem.eql(u8, exp.options.name, "_start")) {
+        if (mem.eql(u8, exp.options.name, "_start")) {
             self.entry_addr = decl.link.coff.getVAddr(self.*) - image_base;
         } else {
             try module.failed_exports.ensureCapacity(module.gpa, module.failed_exports.items().len + 1);
@@ -726,8 +730,12 @@ pub fn updateDeclExports(self: *Coff, module: *Module, decl: *const Module.Decl,
 
 pub fn flush(self: *Coff, comp: *Compilation) !void {
     if (build_options.have_llvm and self.base.options.use_lld) {
-        return error.CoffLinkingWithLLDUnimplemented;
+        return self.linkWithLLD(comp);
     } else {
+        switch (self.base.options.effectiveOutputMode()) {
+            .Exe, .Obj => {},
+            .Lib => return error.TODOImplementWritingLibFiles,
+        }
         return self.flushModule(comp);
     }
 }
@@ -739,16 +747,16 @@ pub fn flushModule(self: *Coff, comp: *Compilation) !void {
     if (self.text_section_size_dirty) {
         // Write the new raw size in the .text header
         var buf: [4]u8 = undefined;
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, &buf, self.text_section_size);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, &buf, self.text_section_size);
         try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(&buf, self.section_table_offset + 40 + 16);
         try self.base.file.?.setEndPos(self.section_data_offset + self.offset_table_size + self.text_section_size);
         self.text_section_size_dirty = false;
     }
 
     if (self.base.options.output_mode == .Exe and self.size_of_image_dirty) {
-        const new_size_of_image = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.text_section_virtual_address - image_base + self.text_section_size, section_alignment);
+        const new_size_of_image = mem.alignForwardGeneric(u32, self.text_section_virtual_address - image_base + self.text_section_size, section_alignment);
         var buf: [4]u8 = undefined;
-        std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, &buf, new_size_of_image);
+        mem.writeIntLittle(u32, &buf, new_size_of_image);
         try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(&buf, self.optional_header_offset + 56);
         self.size_of_image_dirty = false;
     }
@@ -763,12 +771,422 @@ pub fn flushModule(self: *Coff, comp: *Compilation) !void {
         if (self.base.options.output_mode == .Exe) {
             // Write AddressOfEntryPoint
             var buf: [4]u8 = undefined;
-            std.mem.writeIntLittle(u32, &buf, self.entry_addr.?);
+            mem.writeIntLittle(u32, &buf, self.entry_addr.?);
             try self.base.file.?.pwriteAll(&buf, self.optional_header_offset + 16);
         }
     }
 }
 
+fn linkWithLLD(self: *Coff, comp: *Compilation) !void {
+    const tracy = trace(@src());
+    defer tracy.end();
+
+    var arena_allocator = std.heap.ArenaAllocator.init(self.base.allocator);
+    defer arena_allocator.deinit();
+    const arena = &arena_allocator.allocator;
+
+    const directory = self.base.options.emit.?.directory; // Just an alias to make it shorter to type.
+
+    // If there is no Zig code to compile, then we should skip flushing the output file because it
+    // will not be part of the linker line anyway.
+    const module_obj_path: ?[]const u8 = if (self.base.options.module) |module| blk: {
+        const use_stage1 = build_options.is_stage1 and self.base.options.use_llvm;
+        if (use_stage1) {
+            const obj_basename = try std.zig.binNameAlloc(arena, .{
+                .root_name = self.base.options.root_name,
+                .target = self.base.options.target,
+                .output_mode = .Obj,
+            });
+            const o_directory = self.base.options.module.?.zig_cache_artifact_directory;
+            const full_obj_path = try o_directory.join(arena, &[_][]const u8{obj_basename});
+            break :blk full_obj_path;
+        }
+
+        try self.flushModule(comp);
+        const obj_basename = self.base.intermediary_basename.?;
+        const full_obj_path = try directory.join(arena, &[_][]const u8{obj_basename});
+        break :blk full_obj_path;
+    } else null;
+
+    const is_lib = self.base.options.output_mode == .Lib;
+    const is_dyn_lib = self.base.options.link_mode == .Dynamic and is_lib;
+    const is_exe_or_dyn_lib = is_dyn_lib or self.base.options.output_mode == .Exe;
+    const link_in_crt = self.base.options.link_libc and self.base.options.output_mode == .Exe;
+    const target = self.base.options.target;
+
+    // See link/Elf.zig for comments on how this mechanism works.
+    const id_symlink_basename = "lld.id";
+
+    var man: Cache.Manifest = undefined;
+    defer if (!self.base.options.disable_lld_caching) man.deinit();
+
+    var digest: [Cache.hex_digest_len]u8 = undefined;
+
+    if (!self.base.options.disable_lld_caching) {
+        man = comp.cache_parent.obtain();
+        self.base.releaseLock();
+
+        try man.addListOfFiles(self.base.options.objects);
+        for (comp.c_object_table.items()) |entry| {
+            _ = try man.addFile(entry.key.status.success.object_path, null);
+        }
+        try man.addOptionalFile(module_obj_path);
+        man.hash.addOptional(self.base.options.stack_size_override);
+        man.hash.addListOfBytes(self.base.options.extra_lld_args);
+        man.hash.addListOfBytes(self.base.options.lib_dirs);
+        man.hash.add(self.base.options.is_compiler_rt_or_libc);
+        if (self.base.options.link_libc) {
+            man.hash.add(self.base.options.libc_installation != null);
+            if (self.base.options.libc_installation) |libc_installation| {
+                man.hash.addBytes(libc_installation.crt_dir.?);
+                if (target.abi == .msvc) {
+                    man.hash.addBytes(libc_installation.msvc_lib_dir.?);
+                    man.hash.addBytes(libc_installation.kernel32_lib_dir.?);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        man.hash.addStringSet(self.base.options.system_libs);
+        man.hash.addOptional(self.base.options.subsystem);
+        man.hash.add(self.base.options.is_test);
+
+        // We don't actually care whether it's a cache hit or miss; we just need the digest and the lock.
+        _ = try man.hit();
+        digest = man.final();
+        var prev_digest_buf: [digest.len]u8 = undefined;
+        const prev_digest: []u8 = directory.handle.readLink(id_symlink_basename, &prev_digest_buf) catch |err| blk: {
+            log.debug("COFF LLD new_digest={} readlink error: {}", .{ digest, @errorName(err) });
+            // Handle this as a cache miss.
+            break :blk prev_digest_buf[0..0];
+        };
+        if (mem.eql(u8, prev_digest, &digest)) {
+            log.debug("COFF LLD digest={} match - skipping invocation", .{digest});
+            // Hot diggity dog! The output binary is already there.
+            self.base.lock = man.toOwnedLock();
+            return;
+        }
+        log.debug("COFF LLD prev_digest={} new_digest={}", .{ prev_digest, digest });
+
+        // We are about to change the output file to be different, so we invalidate the build hash now.
+        directory.handle.deleteFile(id_symlink_basename) catch |err| switch (err) {
+            error.FileNotFound => {},
+            else => |e| return e,
+        };
+    }
+
+    const is_obj = self.base.options.output_mode == .Obj;
+
+    // Create an LLD command line and invoke it.
+    var argv = std.ArrayList([]const u8).init(self.base.allocator);
+    defer argv.deinit();
+    // Even though we're calling LLD as a library it thinks the first argument is its own exe name.
+    try argv.append("lld");
+    if (is_obj) {
+        try argv.append("-r");
+    }
+
+    try argv.append("-ERRORLIMIT:0");
+    try argv.append("-NOLOGO");
+    if (!self.base.options.strip) {
+        try argv.append("-DEBUG");
+    }
+    if (self.base.options.output_mode == .Exe) {
+        const stack_size = self.base.options.stack_size_override orelse 16777216;
+        try argv.append(try allocPrint(arena, "-STACK:{d}", .{stack_size}));
+    }
+
+    if (target.cpu.arch == .i386) {
+        try argv.append("-MACHINE:X86");
+    } else if (target.cpu.arch == .x86_64) {
+        try argv.append("-MACHINE:X64");
+    } else if (target.cpu.arch.isARM()) {
+        if (target.cpu.arch.ptrBitWidth() == 32) {
+            try argv.append("-MACHINE:ARM");
+        } else {
+            try argv.append("-MACHINE:ARM64");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (is_dyn_lib) {
+        try argv.append("-DLL");
+    }
+
+    const full_out_path = try directory.join(arena, &[_][]const u8{self.base.options.emit.?.sub_path});
+    try argv.append(try allocPrint(arena, "-OUT:{s}", .{full_out_path}));
+
+    if (self.base.options.link_libc) {
+        if (self.base.options.libc_installation) |libc_installation| {
+            try argv.append(try allocPrint(arena, "-LIBPATH:{s}", .{libc_installation.crt_dir.?}));
+
+            if (target.abi == .msvc) {
+                try argv.append(try allocPrint(arena, "-LIBPATH:{s}", .{libc_installation.msvc_lib_dir.?}));
+                try argv.append(try allocPrint(arena, "-LIBPATH:{s}", .{libc_installation.kernel32_lib_dir.?}));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (self.base.options.lib_dirs) |lib_dir| {
+        try argv.append(try allocPrint(arena, "-LIBPATH:{s}", .{lib_dir}));
+    }
+
+    try argv.appendSlice(self.base.options.objects);
+
+    for (comp.c_object_table.items()) |entry| {
+        try argv.append(entry.key.status.success.object_path);
+    }
+
+    if (module_obj_path) |p| {
+        try argv.append(p);
+    }
+
+    const resolved_subsystem: ?std.Target.SubSystem = blk: {
+        if (self.base.options.subsystem) |explicit| break :blk explicit;
+        switch (target.os.tag) {
+            .windows => {
+                if (self.base.options.module) |module| {
+                    if (module.have_dllmain_crt_startup or is_dyn_lib)
+                        break :blk null;
+                    if (module.have_c_main or self.base.options.is_test or
+                        module.have_winmain_crt_startup or module.have_wwinmain_crt_startup)
+                    {
+                        break :blk .Console;
+                    }
+                    if (module.have_winmain or module.have_wwinmain)
+                        break :blk .Windows;
+                }
+            },
+            .uefi => break :blk .EfiApplication,
+            else => {},
+        }
+        break :blk null;
+    };
+    const Mode = enum { uefi, win32 };
+    const mode: Mode = mode: {
+        if (resolved_subsystem) |subsystem| switch (subsystem) {
+            .Console => {
+                try argv.append("-SUBSYSTEM:console");
+                break :mode .win32;
+            },
+            .EfiApplication => {
+                try argv.append("-SUBSYSTEM:efi_application");
+                break :mode .uefi;
+            },
+            .EfiBootServiceDriver => {
+                try argv.append("-SUBSYSTEM:efi_boot_service_driver");
+                break :mode .uefi;
+            },
+            .EfiRom => {
+                try argv.append("-SUBSYSTEM:efi_rom");
+                break :mode .uefi;
+            },
+            .EfiRuntimeDriver => {
+                try argv.append("-SUBSYSTEM:efi_runtime_driver");
+                break :mode .uefi;
+            },
+            .Native => {
+                try argv.append("-SUBSYSTEM:native");
+                break :mode .win32;
+            },
+            .Posix => {
+                try argv.append("-SUBSYSTEM:posix");
+                break :mode .win32;
+            },
+            .Windows => {
+                try argv.append("-SUBSYSTEM:windows");
+                break :mode .win32;
+            },
+        } else if (target.os.tag == .uefi) {
+            break :mode .uefi;
+        } else {
+            break :mode .win32;
+        }
+    };
+
+    switch (mode) {
+        .uefi => try argv.appendSlice(&[_][]const u8{
+            "-BASE:0",
+            "-ENTRY:EfiMain",
+            "-OPT:REF",
+            "-SAFESEH:NO",
+            "-MERGE:.rdata=.data",
+            "-ALIGN:32",
+            "-NODEFAULTLIB",
+            "-SECTION:.xdata,D",
+        }),
+        .win32 => {
+            if (link_in_crt) {
+                if (target.abi.isGnu()) {
+                    try argv.append("-lldmingw");
+
+                    if (target.cpu.arch == .i386) {
+                        try argv.append("-ALTERNATENAME:__image_base__=___ImageBase");
+                    } else {
+                        try argv.append("-ALTERNATENAME:__image_base__=__ImageBase");
+                    }
+
+                    if (is_dyn_lib) {
+                        try argv.append(try comp.get_libc_crt_file(arena, "dllcrt2.o"));
+                    } else {
+                        try argv.append(try comp.get_libc_crt_file(arena, "crt2.o"));
+                    }
+
+                    try argv.append(try comp.get_libc_crt_file(arena, "mingw32.lib"));
+                    try argv.append(try comp.get_libc_crt_file(arena, "mingwex.lib"));
+                    try argv.append(try comp.get_libc_crt_file(arena, "msvcrt-os.lib"));
+
+                    for (mingw.always_link_libs) |name| {
+                        if (!self.base.options.system_libs.contains(name)) {
+                            const lib_basename = try allocPrint(arena, "{s}.lib", .{name});
+                            try argv.append(try comp.get_libc_crt_file(arena, lib_basename));
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    const lib_str = switch (self.base.options.link_mode) {
+                        .Dynamic => "",
+                        .Static => "lib",
+                    };
+                    const d_str = switch (self.base.options.optimize_mode) {
+                        .Debug => "d",
+                        else => "",
+                    };
+                    switch (self.base.options.link_mode) {
+                        .Static => try argv.append(try allocPrint(arena, "libcmt{s}.lib", .{d_str})),
+                        .Dynamic => try argv.append(try allocPrint(arena, "msvcrt{s}.lib", .{d_str})),
+                    }
+
+                    try argv.append(try allocPrint(arena, "{s}vcruntime{s}.lib", .{ lib_str, d_str }));
+                    try argv.append(try allocPrint(arena, "{s}ucrt{s}.lib", .{ lib_str, d_str }));
+
+                    //Visual C++ 2015 Conformance Changes
+                    //https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb531344.aspx
+                    try argv.append("legacy_stdio_definitions.lib");
+
+                    // msvcrt depends on kernel32 and ntdll
+                    try argv.append("kernel32.lib");
+                    try argv.append("ntdll.lib");
+                }
+            } else {
+                try argv.append("-NODEFAULTLIB");
+                if (!is_lib) {
+                    if (self.base.options.module) |module| {
+                        if (module.have_winmain) {
+                            try argv.append("-ENTRY:WinMain");
+                        } else if (module.have_wwinmain) {
+                            try argv.append("-ENTRY:wWinMain");
+                        } else if (module.have_wwinmain_crt_startup) {
+                            try argv.append("-ENTRY:wWinMainCRTStartup");
+                        } else {
+                            try argv.append("-ENTRY:WinMainCRTStartup");
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        try argv.append("-ENTRY:WinMainCRTStartup");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        },
+    }
+
+    if (!is_obj) {
+        // libc++ dep
+        if (self.base.options.link_libcpp) {
+            try argv.append(comp.libcxxabi_static_lib.?.full_object_path);
+            try argv.append(comp.libcxx_static_lib.?.full_object_path);
+            try argv.append(comp.libunwind_static_lib.?.full_object_path);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // compiler-rt and libc
+    if (is_exe_or_dyn_lib and !self.base.options.is_compiler_rt_or_libc) {
+        if (!self.base.options.link_libc) {
+            try argv.append(comp.libc_static_lib.?.full_object_path);
+        }
+        // MSVC compiler_rt is missing some stuff, so we build it unconditionally but
+        // and rely on weak linkage to allow MSVC compiler_rt functions to override ours.
+        try argv.append(comp.compiler_rt_static_lib.?.full_object_path);
+    }
+
+    for (self.base.options.system_libs.items()) |entry| {
+        const lib_basename = try allocPrint(arena, "{s}.lib", .{entry.key});
+        if (comp.crt_files.get(lib_basename)) |crt_file| {
+            try argv.append(crt_file.full_object_path);
+        } else {
+            try argv.append(lib_basename);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (self.base.options.verbose_link) {
+        Compilation.dump_argv(argv.items);
+    }
+
+    const new_argv_with_sentinel = try arena.alloc(?[*:0]const u8, argv.items.len + 1);
+    new_argv_with_sentinel[argv.items.len] = null;
+    const new_argv = new_argv_with_sentinel[0..argv.items.len :null];
+    for (argv.items) |arg, i| {
+        new_argv[i] = try arena.dupeZ(u8, arg);
+    }
+
+    var stderr_context: LLDContext = .{
+        .coff = self,
+        .data = std.ArrayList(u8).init(self.base.allocator),
+    };
+    defer stderr_context.data.deinit();
+    var stdout_context: LLDContext = .{
+        .coff = self,
+        .data = std.ArrayList(u8).init(self.base.allocator),
+    };
+    defer stdout_context.data.deinit();
+    const llvm = @import("../llvm.zig");
+    const ok = llvm.Link(
+        .COFF,
+        new_argv.ptr,
+        new_argv.len,
+        append_diagnostic,
+        @ptrToInt(&stdout_context),
+        @ptrToInt(&stderr_context),
+    );
+    if (stderr_context.oom or stdout_context.oom) return error.OutOfMemory;
+    if (stdout_context.data.items.len != 0) {
+        std.log.warn("unexpected LLD stdout: {}", .{stdout_context.data.items});
+    }
+    if (!ok) {
+        // TODO parse this output and surface with the Compilation API rather than
+        // directly outputting to stderr here.
+        std.debug.print("{}", .{stderr_context.data.items});
+        return error.LLDReportedFailure;
+    }
+    if (stderr_context.data.items.len != 0) {
+        std.log.warn("unexpected LLD stderr: {}", .{stderr_context.data.items});
+    }
+
+    if (!self.base.options.disable_lld_caching) {
+        // Update the dangling symlink with the digest. If it fails we can continue; it only
+        // means that the next invocation will have an unnecessary cache miss.
+        directory.handle.symLink(&digest, id_symlink_basename, .{}) catch |err| {
+            std.log.warn("failed to save linking hash digest symlink: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        };
+        // Again failure here only means an unnecessary cache miss.
+        man.writeManifest() catch |err| {
+            std.log.warn("failed to write cache manifest when linking: {}", .{@errorName(err)});
+        };
+        // We hang on to this lock so that the output file path can be used without
+        // other processes clobbering it.
+        self.base.lock = man.toOwnedLock();
+    }
+}
+
+const LLDContext = struct {
+    data: std.ArrayList(u8),
+    coff: *Coff,
+    oom: bool = false,
+};
+
+fn append_diagnostic(context: usize, ptr: [*]const u8, len: usize) callconv(.C) void {
+    const lld_context = @intToPtr(*LLDContext, context);
+    const msg = ptr[0..len];
+    lld_context.data.appendSlice(msg) catch |err| switch (err) {
+        error.OutOfMemory => lld_context.oom = true,
+    };
+}
+
 pub fn getDeclVAddr(self: *Coff, decl: *const Module.Decl) u64 {
     return self.text_section_virtual_address + decl.link.coff.text_offset;
 }
diff --git a/src/link/Elf.zig b/src/link/Elf.zig
index c8067058d9..88f5040761 100644
--- a/src/link/Elf.zig
+++ b/src/link/Elf.zig
@@ -1225,7 +1225,11 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
     const module_obj_path: ?[]const u8 = if (self.base.options.module) |module| blk: {
         const use_stage1 = build_options.is_stage1 and self.base.options.use_llvm;
         if (use_stage1) {
-            const obj_basename = try std.fmt.allocPrint(arena, "{}.o", .{self.base.options.root_name});
+            const obj_basename = try std.zig.binNameAlloc(arena, .{
+                .root_name = self.base.options.root_name,
+                .target = self.base.options.target,
+                .output_mode = .Obj,
+            });
             const o_directory = self.base.options.module.?.zig_cache_artifact_directory;
             const full_obj_path = try o_directory.join(arena, &[_][]const u8{obj_basename});
             break :blk full_obj_path;
@@ -1242,6 +1246,8 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
     const is_exe_or_dyn_lib = is_dyn_lib or self.base.options.output_mode == .Exe;
     const have_dynamic_linker = self.base.options.link_libc and
         self.base.options.link_mode == .Dynamic and is_exe_or_dyn_lib;
+    const link_in_crt = self.base.options.link_libc and self.base.options.output_mode == .Exe;
+    const target = self.base.options.target;
 
     // Here we want to determine whether we can save time by not invoking LLD when the
     // output is unchanged. None of the linker options or the object files that are being
@@ -1297,7 +1303,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
             man.hash.addOptionalBytes(self.base.options.override_soname);
             man.hash.addOptional(self.base.options.version);
         }
-        man.hash.addListOfBytes(self.base.options.system_libs);
+        man.hash.addStringSet(self.base.options.system_libs);
         man.hash.addOptional(self.base.options.allow_shlib_undefined);
         man.hash.add(self.base.options.bind_global_refs_locally);
 
@@ -1326,7 +1332,6 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
         };
     }
 
-    const target = self.base.options.target;
     const is_obj = self.base.options.output_mode == .Obj;
 
     // Create an LLD command line and invoke it.
@@ -1337,7 +1342,6 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
     if (is_obj) {
         try argv.append("-r");
     }
-    const link_in_crt = self.base.options.link_libc and self.base.options.output_mode == .Exe;
 
     try argv.append("-error-limit=0");
 
@@ -1440,7 +1444,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
         var test_path = std.ArrayList(u8).init(self.base.allocator);
         defer test_path.deinit();
         for (self.base.options.lib_dirs) |lib_dir_path| {
-            for (self.base.options.system_libs) |link_lib| {
+            for (self.base.options.system_libs.items()) |link_lib| {
                 test_path.shrinkRetainingCapacity(0);
                 const sep = fs.path.sep_str;
                 try test_path.writer().print("{}" ++ sep ++ "lib{}.so", .{ lib_dir_path, link_lib });
@@ -1509,8 +1513,10 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
     }
 
     // Shared libraries.
-    try argv.ensureCapacity(argv.items.len + self.base.options.system_libs.len);
-    for (self.base.options.system_libs) |link_lib| {
+    const system_libs = self.base.options.system_libs.items();
+    try argv.ensureCapacity(argv.items.len + system_libs.len);
+    for (system_libs) |entry| {
+        const link_lib = entry.key;
         // By this time, we depend on these libs being dynamically linked libraries and not static libraries
         // (the check for that needs to be earlier), but they could be full paths to .so files, in which
         // case we want to avoid prepending "-l".
@@ -1581,10 +1587,7 @@ fn linkWithLLD(self: *Elf, comp: *Compilation) !void {
     }
 
     if (self.base.options.verbose_link) {
-        for (argv.items[0 .. argv.items.len - 1]) |arg| {
-            std.debug.print("{} ", .{arg});
-        }
-        std.debug.print("{}\n", .{argv.items[argv.items.len - 1]});
+        Compilation.dump_argv(argv.items);
     }
 
     // Oh, snapplesauce! We need null terminated argv.