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authormlugg <mlugg@mlugg.co.uk>2023-08-31 14:30:58 +0100
committerAndrew Kelley <andrew@ziglang.org>2023-09-15 11:33:53 -0700
commit88f5315ddfc6eaf3e28433504ec046fb3252db7c (patch)
tree5cd6e8e16b285d136a1fbaa98d12739aeab34feb /src/codegen/c.zig
parent50ef10eb4963167225f7153dc5165292dbac0046 (diff)
downloadzig-88f5315ddfc6eaf3e28433504ec046fb3252db7c.tar.gz
zig-88f5315ddfc6eaf3e28433504ec046fb3252db7c.zip
compiler: implement destructuring syntax
This change implements the following syntax into the compiler: ```zig const x: u32, var y, foo.bar = .{ 1, 2, 3 }; ``` A destructure expression may only appear within a block (i.e. not at comtainer scope). The LHS consists of a sequence of comma-separated var decls and/or lvalue expressions. The RHS is a normal expression. A new result location type, `destructure`, is used, which contains result pointers for each component of the destructure. This means that when the RHS is a more complicated expression, peer type resolution is not used: each result value is individually destructured and written to the result pointers. RLS is always used for destructure expressions, meaning every `const` on the LHS of such an expression creates a true stack allocation. Aside from anonymous array literals, Sema is capable of destructuring the following types: * Tuples * Arrays * Vectors A destructure may be prefixed with the `comptime` keyword, in which case the entire destructure is evaluated at comptime: this means all `var`s in the LHS are `comptime var`s, every lvalue expression is evaluated at comptime, and the RHS is evaluated at comptime. If every LHS is a `const`, this is not allowed: as with single declarations, the user should instead mark the RHS as `comptime`. There are a few subtleties in the grammar changes here. For one thing, if every LHS is an lvalue expression (rather than a var decl), a destructure is considered an expression. This makes, for instance, `if (cond) x, y = .{ 1, 2 };` valid Zig code. A destructure is allowed in almost every context where a standard assignment expression is permitted. The exception is `switch` prongs, which cannot be destructures as the comma is ambiguous with the end of the prong. A follow-up commit will begin utilizing this syntax in the Zig compiler. Resolves: #498
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