stage2: support nested structs and arrays and sret

 * Add AIR instructions: ret_ptr, ret_load
   - This allows Sema to be blissfully unaware of the backend's decision
     to implement by-val/by-ref semantics for struct/union/array types.
     Backends can lower these simply as alloc, load, ret instructions,
     or they can take advantage of them to use a result pointer.
 * Add AIR instruction: array_elem_val
   - Allows for better codegen for `Sema.elemVal`.
 * Implement calculation of ABI alignment and ABI size for unions.
 * Before appending the following AIR instructions to a block,
   resolveTypeLayout is called on the type:
   - call - return type
   - ret - return type
   - store_ptr - elem type
 * Sema: fix memory leak in `zirArrayInit` and other cleanups to this
   function.
 * x86_64: implement the full x86_64 C ABI according to the spec
 * Type: implement `intInfo` for error sets.
 * Type: implement `intTagType` for tagged unions.

The Zig type tag `Fn` is now used exclusively for function bodies.
Function pointers are modeled as `*const T` where `T` is a `Fn` type.
 * The `call` AIR instruction now allows a function pointer operand as
   well as a function operand.
 * Sema now has a coercion from function body to function pointer.
 * Function type syntax, e.g. `fn()void`, now returns zig tag type of
   Pointer with child Fn, rather than Fn directly.
   - I think this should probably be reverted. Will discuss the lang
     specs before doing this. Idea being that function pointers would
     need to be specified as `*const fn()void` rather than `fn() void`.

LLVM backend:
 * Enable calling the panic handler (previously this just
   emitted `@breakpoint()` since the backend could not handle the panic
   function).
 * Implement sret
 * Introduce `isByRef` and implement it for structs and arrays. Types
   that are `isByRef` are now passed as pointers to functions, and e.g.
   `elem_val` will return a pointer instead of doing a load.
 * Move the function type creating code from `resolveLlvmFunction` to
   `llvmType` where it belongs; now there is only 1 instance of this
   logic instead of two.
 * Add the `nonnull` attribute to non-optional pointer parameters.
 * Fix `resolveGlobalDecl` not using fully-qualified names and not using
   the `decl_map`.
 * Implement `genTypedValue` for pointer-like optionals.
 * Fix memory leak when lowering `block` instruction and OOM occurs.
 * Implement volatile checks where relevant.

1 files changed, 78 insertions, 7 deletions

diff --git a/src/Module.zig b/src/Module.zig
index 828e9b9226..0a2f71f024 100644
--- a/src/Module.zig
+++ b/src/Module.zig
@@ -785,7 +785,7 @@ pub const Struct = struct {
     /// The Decl that corresponds to the struct itself.
     owner_decl: *Decl,
     /// Set of field names in declaration order.
-    fields: std.StringArrayHashMapUnmanaged(Field),
+    fields: Fields,
     /// Represents the declarations inside this struct.
     namespace: Namespace,
     /// Offset from `owner_decl`, points to the struct AST node.
@@ -805,6 +805,8 @@ pub const Struct = struct {
     /// is necessary to determine whether it has bits at runtime.
     known_has_bits: bool,
 
+    pub const Fields = std.StringArrayHashMapUnmanaged(Field);
+
     /// The `Type` and `Value` memory is owned by the arena of the Struct's owner_decl.
     pub const Field = struct {
         /// Uses `noreturn` to indicate `anytype`.
@@ -935,7 +937,7 @@ pub const Union = struct {
     /// This will be set to the null type until status is `have_field_types`.
     tag_ty: Type,
     /// Set of field names in declaration order.
-    fields: std.StringArrayHashMapUnmanaged(Field),
+    fields: Fields,
     /// Represents the declarations inside this union.
     namespace: Namespace,
     /// Offset from `owner_decl`, points to the union decl AST node.
@@ -958,6 +960,8 @@ pub const Union = struct {
         abi_align: Value,
     };
 
+    pub const Fields = std.StringArrayHashMapUnmanaged(Field);
+
     pub fn getFullyQualifiedName(s: *Union, gpa: *Allocator) ![]u8 {
         return s.owner_decl.getFullyQualifiedName(gpa);
     }
@@ -992,14 +996,18 @@ pub const Union = struct {
 
     pub fn mostAlignedField(u: Union, target: Target) u32 {
         assert(u.haveFieldTypes());
-        var most_alignment: u64 = 0;
+        var most_alignment: u32 = 0;
         var most_index: usize = undefined;
         for (u.fields.values()) |field, i| {
             if (!field.ty.hasCodeGenBits()) continue;
-            const field_align = if (field.abi_align.tag() == .abi_align_default)
-                field.ty.abiAlignment(target)
-            else
-                field.abi_align.toUnsignedInt();
+
+            const field_align = a: {
+                if (field.abi_align.tag() == .abi_align_default) {
+                    break :a field.ty.abiAlignment(target);
+                } else {
+                    break :a @intCast(u32, field.abi_align.toUnsignedInt());
+                }
+            };
             if (field_align > most_alignment) {
                 most_alignment = field_align;
                 most_index = i;
@@ -1007,6 +1015,69 @@ pub const Union = struct {
         }
         return @intCast(u32, most_index);
     }
+
+    pub fn abiAlignment(u: Union, target: Target, have_tag: bool) u32 {
+        var max_align: u32 = 0;
+        if (have_tag) max_align = u.tag_ty.abiAlignment(target);
+        for (u.fields.values()) |field| {
+            if (!field.ty.hasCodeGenBits()) continue;
+
+            const field_align = a: {
+                if (field.abi_align.tag() == .abi_align_default) {
+                    break :a field.ty.abiAlignment(target);
+                } else {
+                    break :a @intCast(u32, field.abi_align.toUnsignedInt());
+                }
+            };
+            max_align = @maximum(max_align, field_align);
+        }
+        assert(max_align != 0);
+        return max_align;
+    }
+
+    pub fn abiSize(u: Union, target: Target, have_tag: bool) u64 {
+        assert(u.haveFieldTypes());
+        const is_packed = u.layout == .Packed;
+        if (is_packed) @panic("TODO packed unions");
+
+        var payload_size: u64 = 0;
+        var payload_align: u32 = 0;
+        for (u.fields.values()) |field| {
+            if (!field.ty.hasCodeGenBits()) continue;
+
+            const field_align = a: {
+                if (field.abi_align.tag() == .abi_align_default) {
+                    break :a field.ty.abiAlignment(target);
+                } else {
+                    break :a @intCast(u32, field.abi_align.toUnsignedInt());
+                }
+            };
+            payload_size = @maximum(payload_size, field.ty.abiSize(target));
+            payload_align = @maximum(payload_align, field_align);
+        }
+        if (!have_tag) {
+            return std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u64, payload_size, payload_align);
+        }
+        // Put the tag before or after the payload depending on which one's
+        // alignment is greater.
+        const tag_size = u.tag_ty.abiSize(target);
+        const tag_align = u.tag_ty.abiAlignment(target);
+        var size: u64 = 0;
+        if (tag_align >= payload_align) {
+            // {Tag, Payload}
+            size += tag_size;
+            size = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u64, size, payload_align);
+            size += payload_size;
+            size = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u64, size, tag_align);
+        } else {
+            // {Payload, Tag}
+            size += payload_size;
+            size = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u64, size, tag_align);
+            size += tag_size;
+            size = std.mem.alignForwardGeneric(u64, size, payload_align);
+        }
+        return size;
+    }
 };
 
 /// Some Fn struct memory is owned by the Decl's TypedValue.Managed arena allocator.