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authorAndrew Kelley <andrew@ziglang.org>2022-03-24 12:20:53 -0700
committerAndrew Kelley <andrew@ziglang.org>2022-03-24 12:22:23 -0700
commitb09280b48452be8b57b87bbf4eaacd430e6e3537 (patch)
tree0f6324a18bf4b4968f8d763f3bd26d259d7bbd67 /.github
parent2af69710a7b1513f3540ae0e1178cb5f3948204d (diff)
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+# Code of Conduct
+
+Hello, and welcome! 👋
+
+The Zig community is decentralized. Anyone is free to start and maintain their
+own space for people to gather, and edit
+[the Community wiki page](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/wiki/Community) to add
+a link. There is no concept of "official" or "unofficial", however, each
+gathering place has its own moderators and rules.
+
+This is Andrew Kelley speaking. At least for now, I'm the moderator of the
+ziglang organization GitHub repositories and the #zig IRC channel on Libera.chat.
+**This document contains the rules that govern these two spaces only**.
+
+The rules here are strict. This space is for focused, on topic, technical work
+on the Zig project only. It is everyone's responsibility to maintain a positive
+environment, especially when disagreements occur.
+
+## Our Standards
+
+Examples of behavior that contribute to creating a positive environment include:
+
+ * Using welcoming and inclusive language.
+ * Being respectful of differing viewpoints and experiences.
+ * Gracefully accepting constructive criticism.
+ * Helping another person accomplish their own goals.
+ * Showing empathy towards others.
+ * Showing appreciation for others' work.
+ * Validating someone else's experience, skills, insight, and use cases.
+
+Examples of unacceptable behavior by participants include:
+
+ * Unwelcome sexual attention or advances, or use of sexualized language or
+ imagery that causes discomfort.
+ * Trolling, insulting/derogatory comments, and personal attacks. Anything
+ antagonistic towards someone else.
+ * Off-topic discussion of any kind - especially offensive or sensitive issues.
+ * Publishing others' private information, such as a physical or electronic
+ address, without explicit permission.
+ * Discussing this Code of Conduct or publicly accusing someone of violating it.
+ * Making someone else feel like an outsider or implying a lack of technical
+ abilities.
+ * Destructive behavior. Anything that harms Zig or another open-source project.
+
+## Enforcement
+
+If you need to report an issue you can contact me or Loris Cro, who are both
+paid by the Zig Software Foundation, and so moderation of this space is part of
+our job. We will swiftly remove anyone who is antagonizing others or being
+generally destructive.
+
+This includes Private Harassment. If person A is directly harassed or
+antagonized by person B, person B will be blocked from participating in this
+space even if the harassment didn't take place on one of the mediums directly
+under rule of this Code of Conduct.
+
+As noted, discussing this Code of Conduct should not take place on GitHub or IRC
+because these spaces are for directly working on code, not for meta-discussion.
+If you have any issues with it, you can contact me directly, or you can join one
+of the community spaces that has different rules.
+
+ * Andrew Kelley <andrew@ziglang.org>
+ * Loris Cro <loris@ziglang.org>
+
+## Conclusion
+
+Thanks for reading the rules. Together, we can make this space welcoming and
+inclusive for everyone, regardless of age, body size, disability, ethnicity,
+sex characteristics, gender identity and expression, level of experience,
+education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal appearance, race,
+religion, or sexual identity and orientation.
+
+Sincerely,
+
+Andrew ✌️
diff --git a/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md b/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
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+## Contributing
+
+### Start a Project Using Zig
+
+One of the best ways you can contribute to Zig is to start using it for a
+personal project. Here are some great examples:
+
+ * [TM35-Metronome](https://github.com/TM35-Metronome) - tools for modifying and randomizing Pokémon games
+ * [River](https://github.com/ifreund/river/) - a dynamic tiling wayland compositor
+
+More examples can be found on the
+[Community Projects Wiki](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/wiki/Community-Projects).
+
+Without fail, these projects lead to discovering bugs and helping flesh out use
+cases, which lead to further design iterations of Zig. Importantly, each issue
+found this way comes with real world motivations, so it is easy to explain
+your reasoning behind proposals and feature requests.
+
+Ideally, such a project will help you to learn new skills and add something
+to your personal portfolio at the same time.
+
+### Spread the Word
+
+Another way to contribute is to write about Zig, or speak about Zig at a
+conference, or do either of those things for your project which uses Zig.
+Here are some examples:
+
+ * [Iterative Replacement of C with Zig](http://tiehuis.github.io/blog/zig1.html)
+ * [The Right Tool for the Right Job: Redis Modules & Zig](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eCHM8-_poZY)
+ * [Writing a small ray tracer in Rust and Zig](https://nelari.us/post/raytracer_with_rust_and_zig/)
+
+Zig is a brand new language, with no advertising budget. Word of mouth is the
+only way people find out about the project, and the more people hear about it,
+the more people will use it, and the better chance we have to take over the
+world.
+
+### Finding Contributor Friendly Issues
+
+Please note that issues labeled
+[Proposal](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Aproposal)
+but do not also have the
+[Accepted](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3Aaccepted)
+label are still under consideration, and efforts to implement such a proposal
+have a high risk of being wasted. If you are interested in a proposal which is
+still under consideration, please express your interest in the issue tracker,
+providing extra insights and considerations that others have not yet expressed.
+The most highly regarded argument in such a discussion is a real world use case.
+
+The issue label
+[Contributor Friendly](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues?q=is%3Aissue+is%3Aopen+label%3A%22contributor+friendly%22)
+exists to help you find issues that are **limited in scope and/or
+knowledge of Zig internals.**
+
+### Editing Source Code
+
+First, build the Stage 1 compiler as described in
+[Building Zig From Source](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/wiki/Building-Zig-From-Source).
+
+Zig locates lib files relative to executable path by searching up the
+filesystem tree for a sub-path of `lib/zig/std/std.zig` or `lib/std/std.zig`.
+Typically the former is an install and the latter a git working tree which
+contains the build directory.
+
+During development it is not necessary to perform installs when modifying
+stage1 or userland sources and in fact it is faster and simpler to run,
+test and debug from a git working tree.
+
+- `make` is typically sufficient to build zig during development iterations.
+- `make install` performs a build __and__ install.
+- `msbuild -p:Configuration=Release INSTALL.vcxproj` on Windows performs a
+build and install. To avoid install, pass cmake option `-DZIG_SKIP_INSTALL_LIB_FILES=ON`.
+
+To test changes, do the following from the build directory:
+
+1. Run `make` (on POSIX) or
+ `msbuild -p:Configuration=Release INSTALL.vcxproj` (on Windows).
+2. `$BUILD_DIR/zig build test` (on POSIX) or
+ `$BUILD_DIR/Release\zig.exe build test` (on Windows).
+
+That runs the whole test suite, which does a lot of extra testing that you
+likely won't always need, and can take upwards of 1 hour. This is what the
+CI server runs when you make a pull request. (Note: actually it runs a few
+more tests; keep reading.)
+
+To save time, you can add the `--help` option to the `zig build` command and
+see what options are available. One of the most helpful ones is
+`-Dskip-release`. Adding this option to the command in step 2 above will take
+the time down from around 2 hours to about 6 minutes, and this is a good
+enough amount of testing before making a pull request.
+
+Another example is choosing a different set of things to test. For example,
+`test-std` instead of `test` will only run the standard library tests, and
+not the other ones. Combining this suggestion with the previous one, you could
+do this:
+
+`$BUILD_DIR/bin/zig build test-std -Dskip-release` (on POSIX) or
+`$BUILD_DIR/Release\zig.exe build test-std -Dskip-release` (on Windows).
+
+This will run only the standard library tests, in debug mode only, for all
+targets (it will cross-compile the tests for non-native targets but not run
+them).
+
+When making changes to the compiler source code, the most helpful test step to
+run is `test-behavior`. When editing documentation it is `docs`. You can find
+this information and more in the `--help` menu.
+
+#### Testing Changes to std lib
+
+To quickly test a change to a file in the standard library, you can run zig test and specify a custom lib directory with the follow command-line argument.
+
+```bash
+./build/zig test lib/std/fmt.zig --zig-lib-dir lib --main-pkg-path lib/std
+```
+
+#### Testing Non-Native Architectures with QEMU
+
+The Linux CI server additionally has qemu installed and sets `-fqemu`.
+This provides test coverage for, e.g. aarch64 even on x86_64 machines. It's
+recommended for Linux users to install qemu and enable this testing option
+when editing the standard library or anything related to a non-native
+architecture.
+
+##### glibc
+
+Testing foreign architectures with dynamically linked glibc is one step trickier.
+This requires enabling `--glibc-runtimes /path/to/glibc/multi/install/glibcs`.
+This path is obtained by building glibc for multiple architectures. This
+process for me took an entire day to complete and takes up 65 GiB on my hard
+drive. The CI server does not provide this test coverage. Instructions for
+producing this path can be found
+[on the wiki](https://github.com/ziglang/zig/wiki/Updating-libc#glibc).
+Just the part with `build-many-glibcs.py`.
+
+It's understood that most contributors will not have these tests enabled.
+
+#### Testing Windows from a Linux Machine with Wine
+
+When developing on Linux, another option is available to you: `-fwine`.
+This will enable running behavior tests and std lib tests with Wine. It's
+recommended for Linux users to install Wine and enable this testing option
+when editing the standard library or anything Windows-related.
+
+#### Testing WebAssembly using wasmtime
+
+If you have [wasmtime](https://wasmtime.dev/) installed, take advantage of the
+`-fwasmtime` flag which will enable running WASI behavior tests and std
+lib tests. It's recommended for all users to install wasmtime and enable this
+testing option when editing the standard library and especially anything
+WebAssembly-related.
+
+#### Improving Translate-C
+
+Please read the [Editing Source Code](#editing-source-code) section as a
+prerequisite to this one.
+
+`translate-c` is a feature provided by Zig that converts C source code into
+Zig source code. It powers the `zig translate-c` command as well as
+[@cImport](https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#cImport), allowing Zig
+code to not only take advantage of function prototypes defined in .h files,
+but also `static inline` functions written in C, and even some macros.
+
+This feature works by using libclang API to parse and semantically analyze
+C/C++ files, and then based on the provided AST and type information,
+generating Zig AST, and finally using the mechanisms of `zig fmt` to render
+the Zig AST to a file.
+
+The relevant tests for this feature are:
+
+ * `test/run_translated_c.zig` - each test case is C code with a `main` function. The C code
+ is translated into Zig code, compiled, and run, and tests that the expected output is the
+ same, and that the program exits cleanly. This kind of test coverage is preferred, when
+ possible, because it makes sure that the resulting Zig code is actually viable.
+
+ * `test/stage1/behavior/translate_c_macros.zig` - each test case consists of a Zig test
+ which checks that the relevant macros in `test/stage1/behavior/translate_c_macros.h`.
+ have the correct values. Macros have to be tested separately since they are expanded by
+ Clang in `run_translated_c` tests.
+
+ * `test/translate_c.zig` - each test case is C code, with a list of expected strings which
+ must be found in the resulting Zig code. This kind of test is more precise in what it
+ measures, but does not provide test coverage of whether the resulting Zig code is valid.
+
+This feature is self-hosted, even though Zig is not fully self-hosted yet. In the Zig source
+repo, we maintain a C API on top of Clang's C++ API:
+
+ * `src/zig_clang.h` - the C API that we maintain on top of Clang's C++ API. This
+ file does not include any Clang's C++ headers. Instead, C types and C enums are defined
+ here.
+
+ * `src/zig_clang.cpp` - a lightweight wrapper that fulfills the C API on top of the
+ C++ API. It takes advantage of `static_assert` to make sure we get compile errors when
+ Clang's C++ API changes. This one file necessarily does include Clang's C++ headers, which
+ makes it the slowest-to-compile source file in all of Zig's codebase.
+
+ * `src/clang.zig` - the Zig equivalent of `src/zig_clang.h`. This is a manually
+ maintained list of types and functions that are ABI-compatible with the Clang C API we
+ maintain. In theory this could be generated by running translate-c on `src/zig_clang.h`,
+ but that would introduce a dependency cycle, since we are using this file to implement
+ translate-c.
+
+Finally, the actual source code for the translate-c feature is
+`src/translate_c.zig`. This code uses the Clang C API exposed by
+`src/clang.zig`, and produces Zig AST.
+
+The steps for contributing to translate-c look like this:
+
+ 1. Identify a test case you want to improve. Add it as a run-translated-c test
+ case (usually preferable), or as a translate-c test case.
+
+ 2. Edit `src/translate_c.zig` to improve the behavior.
+
+ 3. Run the relevant tests: `./zig build test-run-translated-c test-translate-c`