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2025-09-26compiler: move self-hosted backends from src/arch to src/codegenAlex Rønne Petersen
2025-08-28more updates to not use GenericWriterAndrew Kelley
2025-08-28compiler: update to not use GenericWriterAndrew Kelley
2025-08-12Sema: Improve comptime arithmetic undef handlingJustus Klausecker
This commit expands on the foundations laid by https://github.com/ziglang/zig/pull/23177 and moves even more `Sema`-only functionality from `Value` to `Sema.arith`. Specifically all shift and bitwise operations, `@truncate`, `@bitReverse` and `@byteSwap` have been moved and adapted to the new rules around `undefined`. Especially the comptime shift operations have been basically rewritten, fixing many open issues in the process. New rules applied to operators: * `<<`, `@shlExact`, `@shlWithOverflow`, `>>`, `@shrExact`: compile error if any operand is undef * `<<|`, `~`, `^`, `@truncate`, `@bitReverse`, `@byteSwap`: return undef if any operand is undef * `&`, `|`: Return undef if both operands are undef, turn undef into actual `0xAA` bytes otherwise Additionally this commit canonicalizes the representation of aggregates with all-undefined members in the `InternPool` by disallowing them and enforcing the usage of a single typed `undef` value instead. This reduces the amount of edge cases and fixes a bunch of bugs related to partially undefined vecs. List of operations directly affected by this patch: * `<<`, `<<|`, `@shlExact`, `@shlWithOverflow` * `>>`, `@shrExact` * `&`, `|`, `~`, `^` and their atomic rmw + reduce pendants * `@truncate`, `@bitReverse`, `@byteSwap`
2025-08-11std.ArrayList: make unmanaged the defaultAndrew Kelley
2025-07-24stage2-wasm: implement try_ptr + is_(non_)err_ptrPavel Verigo
2025-07-22aarch64: add new from scratch self-hosted backendJacob Young
2025-07-11Remove numerous things deprecated during the 0.14 release cycleLinus Groh
Basically everything that has a direct replacement or no uses left. Notable omissions: - std.ArrayHashMap: Too much fallout, needs a separate cleanup. - std.debug.runtime_safety: Too much fallout. - std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator: Lots of references to it remain, not a simple find and replace as "debug allocator" is not equivalent to "general purpose allocator". - std.io.Reader: Is being reworked at the moment. - std.unicode.utf8Decode(): No replacement, needs a new API first. - Manifest backwards compat options: Removal would break test data used by TestFetchBuilder. - panic handler needs to be a namespace: Many tests still rely on it being a function, needs a separate cleanup.
2025-07-07wasm backend: memcpy and memmove are the sameAndrew Kelley
both lower to memory.fill operation, which are allowed to overlap
2025-07-07std.fmt.format: use {t} for tag name rather than {s}Andrew Kelley
prevents footgun when formatted type changes from string to enum
2025-07-07compiler: update a bunch of format stringsAndrew Kelley
2025-07-02compiler: change canonical path for backend ABI source filesAndrew Kelley
2025-06-19Target: pass and use locals by pointer instead of by valueJacob Young
This struct is larger than 256 bytes and code that copies it consistently shows up in profiles of the compiler.
2025-06-15compiler: fix `@intFromFloat` safety checkmlugg
This safety check was completely broken; it triggered unchecked illegal behavior *in order to implement the safety check*. You definitely can't do that! Instead, we must explicitly check the boundaries. This is a tiny bit fiddly, because we need to make sure we do floating-point rounding in the correct direction, and also handle the fact that the operation truncates so the boundary works differently for min vs max. Instead of implementing this safety check in Sema, there are now dedicated AIR instructions for safety-checked intfromfloat (two instructions; which one is used depends on the float mode). Currently, no backend directly implements them; instead, a `Legalize.Feature` is added which expands the safety check, and this feature is enabled for all backends we currently test, including the LLVM backend. The `u0` case is still handled in Sema, because Sema needs to check for that anyway due to the comptime-known result. The old safety check here was also completely broken and has therefore been rewritten. In that case, we just check for 'abs(input) < 1.0'. I've added a bunch of test coverage for the boundary cases of `@intFromFloat`, both for successes (in `test/behavior/cast.zig`) and failures (in `test/cases/safety/`). Resolves: #24161
2025-06-12x86_64: remove air references from mirJacob Young
2025-06-12wasm: get self-hosted compiling, and supporting `separate_thread`mlugg
My original goal here was just to get the self-hosted Wasm backend compiling again after the pipeline change, but it turned out that from there it was pretty simple to entirely eliminate the shared state between `codegen.wasm` and `link.Wasm`. As such, this commit not only fixes the backend, but makes it the second backend (after CBE) to support the new 1:N:1 threading model.
2025-06-06x86_64: add support for pie executablesJacob Young
2025-06-05std.Target: Introduce Cpu convenience functions for feature tests.Alex Rønne Petersen
Before: * std.Target.arm.featureSetHas(target.cpu.features, .has_v7) * std.Target.x86.featureSetHasAny(target.cpu.features, .{ .sse, .avx, .cmov }) * std.Target.wasm.featureSetHasAll(target.cpu.features, .{ .atomics, .bulk_memory }) After: * target.cpu.has(.arm, .has_v7) * target.cpu.hasAny(.x86, &.{ .sse, .avx, .cmov }) * target.cpu.hasAll(.wasm, &.{ .atomics, .bulk_memory })
2025-06-01Legalize: implement scalarization of `@shuffle`Jacob Young
2025-06-01compiler: implement better shuffle AIRmlugg
Runtime `@shuffle` has two cases which backends generally want to handle differently for efficiency: * One runtime vector operand; some result elements may be comptime-known * Two runtime vector operands; some result elements may be undefined The latter case happens if both vectors given to `@shuffle` are runtime-known and they are both used (i.e. the mask refers to them). Otherwise, if the result is not entirely comptime-known, we are in the former case. `Sema` now diffentiates these two cases in the AIR so that backends can easily handle them however they want to. Note that this *doesn't* really involve Sema doing any more work than it would otherwise need to, so there's not really a negative here! Most existing backends have their lowerings for `@shuffle` migrated in this commit. The LLVM backend uses new lowerings suggested by Jacob as ones which it will handle effectively. The x86_64 backend has not yet been migrated; for now there's a panic in there. Jacob will implement that before this is merged anywhere.
2025-06-01cbe: legalize safety instructions in non-zig1 buildsJacob Young
This is valid if the bootstrap dev env doesn't need to support runtime safety. Another solution can always be implemented if needs change.
2025-06-01Legalize: replace `safety_checked_instructions`mlugg
This adds 4 `Legalize.Feature`s: * `expand_intcast_safe` * `expand_add_safe` * `expand_sub_safe` * `expand_mul_safe` These do pretty much what they say on the tin. This logic was previously in Sema, used when `Zcu.Feature.safety_checked_instructions` was not supported by the backend. That `Zcu.Feature` has been removed in favour of this legalization.
2025-05-31cbe: implement `stdbool.h` reserved identifiersJacob Young
Also remove the legalize pass from zig1.
2025-05-31Sema: remove `all_vector_instructions` logicJacob Young
Backends can instead ask legalization on a per-instruction basis.
2025-05-29Legalize: introduce a new pass before livenessJacob Young
Each target can opt into different sets of legalize features. By performing these transformations before liveness, instructions that become unreferenced will have up-to-date liveness information.
2025-05-27compiler: tlv pointers are not comptime-knownmlugg
Pointers to thread-local variables do not have their addresses known until runtime, so it is nonsensical for them to be comptime-known. There was logic in the compiler which was essentially attempting to treat them as not being comptime-known despite the pointer being an interned value. This was a bit of a mess, the check was frequent enough to actually show up in compiler profiles, and it was very awkward for backends to deal with, because they had to grapple with the fact that a "constant" they were lowering might actually require runtime operations. So, instead, do not consider these pointers to be comptime-known in *any* way. Never intern such a pointer; instead, when the address of a threadlocal is taken, emit an AIR instruction which computes the pointer at runtime. This avoids lots of special handling for TLVs across basically all codegen backends; of all somewhat-functional backends, the only one which wasn't improved by this change was the LLVM backend, because LLVM pretends this complexity around threadlocals doesn't exist. This change simplifies Sema and codegen, avoids a potential source of bugs, and potentially improves Sema performance very slightly by avoiding a non-trivial check on a hot path.
2025-05-18compiler: refactor `Zcu.File` and path representationmlugg
This commit makes some big changes to how we track state for Zig source files. In particular, it changes: * How `File` tracks its path on-disk * How AstGen discovers files * How file-level errors are tracked * How `builtin.zig` files and modules are created The original motivation here was to address incremental compilation bugs with the handling of files, such as #22696. To fix this, a few changes are necessary. Just like declarations may become unreferenced on an incremental update, meaning we suppress analysis errors associated with them, it is also possible for all imports of a file to be removed on an incremental update, in which case file-level errors for that file should be suppressed. As such, after AstGen, the compiler must traverse files (starting from analysis roots) and discover the set of "live files" for this update. Additionally, the compiler's previous handling of retryable file errors was not very good; the source location the error was reported as was based only on the first discovered import of that file. This source location also disappeared on future incremental updates. So, as a part of the file traversal above, we also need to figure out the source locations of imports which errors should be reported against. Another observation I made is that the "file exists in multiple modules" error was not implemented in a particularly good way (I get to say that because I wrote it!). It was subject to races, where the order in which different imports of a file were discovered affects both how errors are printed, and which module the file is arbitrarily assigned, with the latter in turn affecting which other files are considered for import. The thing I realised here is that while the AstGen worker pool is running, we cannot know for sure which module(s) a file is in; we could always discover an import later which changes the answer. So, here's how the AstGen workers have changed. We initially ensure that `zcu.import_table` contains the root files for all modules in this Zcu, even if we don't know any imports for them yet. Then, the AstGen workers do not need to be aware of modules. Instead, they simply ignore module imports, and only spin off more workers when they see a by-path import. During AstGen, we can't use module-root-relative paths, since we don't know which modules files are in; but we don't want to unnecessarily use absolute files either, because those are non-portable and can make `error.NameTooLong` more likely. As such, I have introduced a new abstraction, `Compilation.Path`. This type is a way of representing a filesystem path which has a *canonical form*. The path is represented relative to one of a few special directories: the lib directory, the global cache directory, or the local cache directory. As a fallback, we use absolute (or cwd-relative on WASI) paths. This is kind of similar to `std.Build.Cache.Path` with a pre-defined list of possible `std.Build.Cache.Directory`, but has stricter canonicalization rules based on path resolution to make sure deduplicating files works properly. A `Compilation.Path` can be trivially converted to a `std.Build.Cache.Path` from a `Compilation`, but is smaller, has a canonical form, and has a digest which will be consistent across different compiler processes with the same lib and cache directories (important when we serialize incremental compilation state in the future). `Zcu.File` and `Zcu.EmbedFile` both contain a `Compilation.Path`, which is used to access the file on-disk; module-relative sub paths are used quite rarely (`EmbedFile` doesn't even have one now for simplicity). After the AstGen workers all complete, we know that any file which might be imported is definitely in `import_table` and up-to-date. So, we perform a single-threaded graph traversal; similar to what `resolveReferences` plays for `AnalUnit`s, but for files instead. We figure out which files are alive, and which module each file is in. If a file turns out to be in multiple modules, we set a field on `Zcu` to indicate this error. If a file is in a different module to a prior update, we set a flag instructing `updateZirRefs` to invalidate all dependencies on the file. This traversal also discovers "import errors"; these are errors associated with a specific `@import`. With Zig's current design, there is only one possible error here: "import outside of module root". This must be identified during this traversal instead of during AstGen, because it depends on which module the file is in. I tried also representing "module not found" errors in this same way, but it turns out to be much more useful to report those in Sema, because of use cases like optional dependencies where a module import is behind a comptime-known build option. For simplicity, `failed_files` now just maps to `?[]u8`, since the source location is always the whole file. In fact, this allows removing `LazySrcLoc.Offset.entire_file` completely, slightly simplifying some error reporting logic. File-level errors are now directly built in the `std.zig.ErrorBundle.Wip`. If the payload is not `null`, it is the message for a retryable error (i.e. an error loading the source file), and will be reported with a "file imported here" note pointing to the import site discovered during the single-threaded file traversal. The last piece of fallout here is how `Builtin` works. Rather than constructing "builtin" modules when creating `Package.Module`s, they are now constructed on-the-fly by `Zcu`. The map `Zcu.builtin_modules` maps from digests to `*Package.Module`s. These digests are abstract hashes of the `Builtin` value; i.e. all of the options which are placed into "builtin.zig". During the file traversal, we populate `builtin_modules` as needed, so that when we see this imports in Sema, we just grab the relevant entry from this map. This eliminates a bunch of awkward state tracking during construction of the module graph. It's also now clearer exactly what options the builtin module has, since previously it inherited some options arbitrarily from the first-created module with that "builtin" module! The user-visible effects of this commit are: * retryable file errors are now consistently reported against the whole file, with a note pointing to a live import of that file * some theoretical bugs where imports are wrongly considered distinct (when the import path moves out of the cwd and then back in) are fixed * some consistency issues with how file-level errors are reported are fixed; these errors will now always be printed in the same order regardless of how the AstGen pass assigns file indices * incremental updates do not print retryable file errors differently between updates or depending on file structure/contents * incremental updates support files changing modules * incremental updates support files becoming unreferenced Resolves: #22696
2025-05-01wasm-c-abi: llvm fix struct handling + reorganizePavel Verigo
I changed to `wasm/abi.zig`, this design is certainly better than the previous one. Still there is some conflict of interest between llvm and self-hosted backend, better design will appear when abi tests will be tested with self-hosted. Resolves: #23304 Resolves: #23305
2025-04-26compiler: add @memmove builtindweiller
2025-03-24stage2-wasm: packed store/load 128 bitsPavel Verigo
2025-03-24stage2-wasm: behavior tests pass with ReleaseFast/SmallPavel Verigo
2025-03-24stage2-wasm: pass field_parent_ptr testsPavel Verigo
Handle packed containers, also fixes packed union lowering for non int type + union field pointer logic fix
2025-03-24stage2-wasm: enable undef test + ignore undef store/memset with safety offPavel Verigo
2025-03-24stage2-wasm: fix error union handlingPavel Verigo
2025-03-24stage2-wasm: clean memcpy + fix another bug in aggr_init for optionals arrPavel Verigo
2025-03-24stage2-wasm: clz fixPavel Verigo
2025-03-24stage2-wasm: fix comparing and storing optionalsPavel Verigo
2025-02-22stage2-wasm: implement switch_dispatch + handle > 32 bit integers in switchesPavel Verigo
Updated solution is future proof for arbitary size integer handling for both strategies .br_table lowering if switch case is dense, .br_if base jump table if values are too sparse.
2025-02-17std.builtin: Rename CallingConvention.wasm_watc to wasm_mvp.Alex Rønne Petersen
2025-02-10std.ArrayList: popOrNull() -> pop() [v2] (#22720)Meghan Denny
2025-01-31Sema: introduce all_vector_instructions backend featureJacob Young
Sema is arbitrarily scalarizing some operations, which means that when I try to implement vectorized versions of those operations in a backend, they are impossible to test due to Sema not producing them. Now, I can implement them and then temporarily enable the new feature for that backend in order to test them. Once the backend supports all of them, the feature can be permanently enabled. This also deletes the Air instructions `int_from_bool` and `int_from_ptr`, which are just bitcasts with a fixed result type, since changing `un_op` to `ty_op` takes up the same amount of memory.
2025-01-30compiler: add `intcast_safe` AIR instructionmlugg
This instruction is like `intcast`, but includes two safety checks: * Checks that the int is in range of the destination type * If the destination type is an exhaustive enum, checks that the int is a named enum value This instruction is locked behind the `safety_checked_instructions` backend feature; if unsupported, Sema will emit a fallback, as with other safety-checked instructions. This instruction is used to add a missing safety check for `@enumFromInt` truncating bits. This check also has a fallback for backends which do not yet support `safety_checked_instructions`. Resolves: #21946
2025-01-22wasm: Add a nontrapping_bulk_memory_len0 feature.Alex Rønne Petersen
This will mainly be used when targeting our wasm2c implementation which has no problem with zero-length bulk memory operations, as a non-standard extension.
2025-01-22wasm: Add a check for zero length around uses of memory.copy/memory.fill.Alex Rønne Petersen
Apparently the WebAssembly spec requires these instructions to trap if the computed memory access could be out of bounds, even if the length is zero. Really a rather bizarre design choice.
2025-01-21compiler: simplify generic functions, fix issues with inline callsmlugg
The original motivation here was to fix regressions caused by #22414. However, while working on this, I ended up discussing a language simplification with Andrew, which changes things a little from how they worked before #22414. The main user-facing change here is that any reference to a prior function parameter, even if potentially comptime-known at the usage site or even not analyzed, now makes a function generic. This applies even if the parameter being referenced is not a `comptime` parameter, since it could still be populated when performing an inline call. This is a breaking language change. The detection of this is done in AstGen; when evaluating a parameter type or return type, we track whether it referenced any prior parameter, and if so, we mark this type as being "generic" in ZIR. This will cause Sema to not evaluate it until the time of instantiation or inline call. A lovely consequence of this from an implementation perspective is that it eliminates the need for most of the "generic poison" system. In particular, `error.GenericPoison` is now completely unnecessary, because we identify generic expressions earlier in the pipeline; this simplifies the compiler and avoids redundant work. This also entirely eliminates the concept of the "generic poison value". The only remnant of this system is the "generic poison type" (`Type.generic_poison` and `InternPool.Index.generic_poison_type`). This type is used in two places: * During semantic analysis, to represent an unknown result type. * When storing generic function types, to represent a generic parameter/return type. It's possible that these use cases should instead use `.none`, but I leave that investigation to a future adventurer. One last thing. Prior to #22414, inline calls were a little inefficient, because they re-evaluated even non-generic parameter types whenever they were called. Changing this behavior is what ultimately led to #22538. Well, because the new logic will mark a type expression as generic if there is any change its resolved type could differ in an inline call, this redundant work is unnecessary! So, this is another way in which the new design reduces redundant work and complexity. Resolves: #22494 Resolves: #22532 Resolves: #22538
2025-01-16all: update to `std.builtin.Type.Pointer.Size` field renamesmlugg
This was done by regex substitution with `sed`. I then manually went over the entire diff and fixed any incorrect changes. This diff also changes a lot of `callconv(.C)` to `callconv(.c)`, since my regex happened to also trigger here. I opted to leave these changes in, since they *are* a correct migration, even if they're not the one I was trying to do!
2025-01-15fix compiler unit testsAndrew Kelley
2025-01-15wasm codegen: fix mistaking extern data as functionAndrew Kelley
2025-01-15wasm-linker: remap function types during flushAndrew Kelley
this is technically not necessary, and loses value the bigger the output binary is, however it means a smaller output file, so let's do it.
2025-01-15wasm linker: track overaligned uavsAndrew Kelley