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2025-07-22aarch64: add new from scratch self-hosted backendJacob Young
2025-07-22std.tar: update to new I/O APIAndrew Kelley
2025-07-21std.fs.File: delete writeFileAll and friendsAndrew Kelley
please use File.Writer for these use cases also breaking API changes to std.fs.AtomicFile
2025-07-19Compilation: unrevert some stuffAndrew Kelley
2025-07-19Compilation: revert some stuffAndrew Kelley
2025-07-19std.zig: finish updating to new I/O APIAndrew Kelley
2025-07-18Compilation: refactor std.fs -> fsAndrew Kelley
no functional change
2025-07-16update compilerAndrew Kelley
2025-07-13LLVM: Move pt field from Object to NavGenantlilja
* LLVM: Pass correct tid to emit * Store stack trace type in Zcu * Don't use pt.errorIntType in LLVM backend
2025-07-13Fix memory leak in `CObject.Diag.Bundle.destroy()`Joost Doornbos
2025-07-07std.fmt: fully remove format string from format methodsAndrew Kelley
Introduces `std.fmt.alt` which is a helper for calling alternate format methods besides one named "format".
2025-07-07compiler: update a bunch of format stringsAndrew Kelley
2025-07-07compiler: fix a bunch of format stringsAndrew Kelley
2025-07-07compiler: upgrade various std.io API usageAndrew Kelley
2025-07-07compiler: update all instances of std.fmt.FormatterAndrew Kelley
2025-07-07update compiler source to new APIsAndrew Kelley
2025-07-07std.fmt: breaking API changesAndrew Kelley
added adapter to AnyWriter and GenericWriter to help bridge the gap between old and new API make std.testing.expectFmt work at compile-time std.fmt no longer has a dependency on std.unicode. Formatted printing was never properly unicode-aware. Now it no longer pretends to be. Breakage/deprecations: * std.fs.File.reader -> std.fs.File.deprecatedReader * std.fs.File.writer -> std.fs.File.deprecatedWriter * std.io.GenericReader -> std.io.Reader * std.io.GenericWriter -> std.io.Writer * std.io.AnyReader -> std.io.Reader * std.io.AnyWriter -> std.io.Writer * std.fmt.format -> std.fmt.deprecatedFormat * std.fmt.fmtSliceEscapeLower -> std.ascii.hexEscape * std.fmt.fmtSliceEscapeUpper -> std.ascii.hexEscape * std.fmt.fmtSliceHexLower -> {x} * std.fmt.fmtSliceHexUpper -> {X} * std.fmt.fmtIntSizeDec -> {B} * std.fmt.fmtIntSizeBin -> {Bi} * std.fmt.fmtDuration -> {D} * std.fmt.fmtDurationSigned -> {D} * {} -> {f} when there is a format method * format method signature - anytype -> *std.io.Writer - inferred error set -> error{WriteFailed} - options -> (deleted) * std.fmt.Formatted - now takes context type explicitly - no fmt string
2025-07-07std.io: move getStdIn, getStdOut, getStdErr functions to fs.FileAndrew Kelley
preparing to rearrange std.io namespace into an interface how to upgrade: std.io.getStdIn() -> std.fs.File.stdin() std.io.getStdOut() -> std.fs.File.stdout() std.io.getStdErr() -> std.fs.File.stderr()
2025-07-07zig fmtAndrew Kelley
2025-07-06wasi: Build emulated libraries into libc.aAlex Rønne Petersen
This matches what we do for small helper libraries like this in MinGW-w64. It simplifies the compiler a bit, and also means the build system doesn't have to treat these library names specially. Closes #24325.
2025-07-06Sema: Stop adding Windows implib link inputs for `extern "..."` syntax.Alex Rønne Petersen
Closes #23971.
2025-06-28resinator: Fix include directory detection when cross-compiling from certain ↵Ryan Liptak
host archs Previously, resinator would use the host arch as the target arch when looking for windows-gnu include directories. However, Zig only thinks it can provide a libc for targets specified in the `std.zig.target.available_libcs` array, which only includes a few for windows-gnu. Therefore, when cross-compiling from a host architecture that doesn't have a windows-gnu target in the available_libcs list, resinator would fail to detect the MinGW include directories. Now, the custom option `/:target` is passed to `zig rc` which is intended for the COFF object file target, but can be re-used for the include directory target as well. For the include directory target, resinator will convert the MachineType to the relevant arch, or fail if there is no equivalent arch/no support for detecting the includes for the MachineType (currently 64-bit Itanium and EBC). Fixes the `windows_resources` standalone test failing when the host is, for example, `riscv64-linux`.
2025-06-19coff: add hack to build a compiler-rt dynamic libraryJacob Young
This is not meant to be a long-term solution, but it's the easiest thing to get working quickly at the moment. The main intention of this hack is to allow more tests to be enabled. By the time the coff linker is far enough along to be enabled by default, this will no longer be required.
2025-06-19Compilation: fix use after freeJacob Young
Closes #23967
2025-06-19Target: pass and use locals by pointer instead of by valueJacob Young
This struct is larger than 256 bytes and code that copies it consistently shows up in profiles of the compiler.
2025-06-17Compilation: add missing link file options to cache manifestmlugg
Also add a standalone test which covers the `-fentry` case. It does this by performing two reproducible compilations which are identical other than having different entry points, and checking whether the emitted binaries are identical (they should *not* be). Resolves: #23869
2025-06-12compiler: improve progress outputmlugg
Update the estimated total items for the codegen and link progress nodes earlier. Rather than waiting for the main thread to dispatch the tasks, we can add the item to the estimated total as soon as we queue the main task. The only difference is we need to complete it even in error cases.
2025-06-12compiler: don't queue too much AIR/MIRmlugg
Without this cap, unlucky scheduling and/or details of what pipeline stages perform best on the host machine could cause many gigabytes of MIR to be stuck in the queue. At a certain point, pause the main thread until some of the functions in flight have been processed.
2025-06-12Compilation: prevent zig1 depending on fd_readdirmlugg
This isn't really coherent to model as a `Feature`; this makes sense because of zig1's specific environment. As such, I opted to check `dev.env` directly.
2025-06-12Zcu: handle unreferenced `test_functions` correctlymlugg
Previously, `PerThread.populateTestFunctions` was analyzing the `test_functions` declaration if it hadn't already been analyzed, so that it could then populate it. However, the logic for doing this wasn't actually correct, because it didn't trigger the necessary type resolution. I could have tried to fix this, but there's actually a simpler solution! If the `test_functions` declaration isn't referenced or has a compile error, then we simply don't need to update it; either it's unreferenced so its value doesn't matter, or we're going to get a compile error anyway. Either way, we can just give up early. This avoids doing semantic analysis after `performAllTheWork` finishes. Also, get rid of the "Code Generation" progress node while updating the test decl: this is a linking task.
2025-06-12compiler: estimate totals for "Code Generation" and "Linking" progress nodesmlugg
2025-06-12compiler: improve progress outputmlugg
* "Flush" nodes ("LLVM Emit Object", "ELF Flush") appear under "Linking" * "Code Generation" disappears when all analysis and codegen is done * We only show one node under "Semantic Analysis" to accurately convey that analysis isn't happening in parallel, but rather that we're pausing one task to do another
2025-06-12x86_64: remove air references from mirJacob Young
2025-06-12compiler: rework emit paths and cache modesmlugg
Previously, various doc comments heavily disagreed with the implementation on both what lives where on the filesystem at what time, and how that was represented in code. Notably, the combination of emit paths outside the cache and `disable_lld_caching` created a kind of ad-hoc "cache disable" mechanism -- which didn't actually *work* very well, 'most everything still ended up in this cache. There was also a long-standing issue where building using the LLVM backend would put a random object file in your cwd. This commit reworks how emit paths are specified in `Compilation.CreateOptions`, how they are represented internally, and how the cache usage is specified. There are now 3 options for `Compilation.CacheMode`: * `.none`: do not use the cache. The paths we have to emit to are relative to the compiler cwd (they're either user-specified, or defaults inferred from the root name). If we create any temporary files (e.g. the ZCU object when using the LLVM backend) they are emitted to a directory in `local_cache/tmp/`, which is deleted once the update finishes. * `.whole`: cache the compilation based on all inputs, including file contents. All emit paths are computed by the compiler (and will be stored as relative to the local cache directory); it is a CLI error to specify an explicit emit path. Artifacts (including temporary files) are written to a directory under `local_cache/tmp/`, which is later renamed to an appropriate `local_cache/o/`. The caller (who is using `--listen`; e.g. the build system) learns the name of this directory, and can get the artifacts from it. * `.incremental`: similar to `.whole`, but Zig source file contents, and anything else which incremental compilation can handle changes for, is not included in the cache manifest. We don't need to do the dance where the output directory is initially in `tmp/`, because our digest is computed entirely from CLI inputs. To be clear, the difference between `CacheMode.whole` and `CacheMode.incremental` is unchanged. `CacheMode.none` is new (previously it was sort of poorly imitated with `CacheMode.whole`). The defined behavior for temporary/intermediate files is new. `.none` is used for direct CLI invocations like `zig build-exe foo.zig`. The other cache modes are reserved for `--listen`, and the cache mode in use is currently just based on the presence of the `-fincremental` flag. There are two cases in which `CacheMode.whole` is used despite there being no `--listen` flag: `zig test` and `zig run`. Unless an explicit `-femit-bin=xxx` argument is passed on the CLI, these subcommands will use `CacheMode.whole`, so that they can put the output somewhere without polluting the cwd (plus, caching is potentially more useful for direct usage of these subcommands). Users of `--listen` (such as the build system) can now use `std.zig.EmitArtifact.cacheName` to find out what an output will be named. This avoids having to synchronize logic between the compiler and all users of `--listen`.
2025-06-12wasm: get self-hosted compiling, and supporting `separate_thread`mlugg
My original goal here was just to get the self-hosted Wasm backend compiling again after the pipeline change, but it turned out that from there it was pretty simple to entirely eliminate the shared state between `codegen.wasm` and `link.Wasm`. As such, this commit not only fixes the backend, but makes it the second backend (after CBE) to support the new 1:N:1 threading model.
2025-06-12compiler: get most backends compiling againmlugg
As of this commit, every backend other than self-hosted Wasm and self-hosted SPIR-V compiles and (at least somewhat) functions again. Those two backends are currently disabled with panics. Note that `Zcu.Feature.separate_thread` is *not* enabled for the fixed backends. Avoiding linker references from codegen is a non-trivial task, and can be done after this branch.
2025-06-12compiler: rework backend pipeline to separate codegen and linkmlugg
The idea here is that instead of the linker calling into codegen, instead codegen should run before we touch the linker, and after MIR is produced, it is sent to the linker. Aside from simplifying the call graph (by preventing N linkers from each calling into M codegen backends!), this has the huge benefit that it is possible to parallellize codegen separately from linking. The threading model can look like this: * 1 semantic analysis thread, which generates AIR * N codegen threads, which process AIR into MIR * 1 linker thread, which emits MIR to the binary The codegen threads are also responsible for `Air.Legalize` and `Air.Liveness`; it's more efficient to do this work here instead of blocking the main thread for this trivially parallel task. I have repurposed the `Zcu.Feature.separate_thread` backend feature to indicate support for this 1:N:1 threading pattern. This commit makes the C backend support this feature, since it was relatively easy to divorce from `link.C`: it just required eliminating some shared buffers. Other backends don't currently support this feature. In fact, they don't even compile -- the next few commits will fix them back up.
2025-06-12link: make checking for failed types the responsibility of Compilationmlugg
2025-06-12link: divorce LLD from the self-hosted linkersmlugg
Similar to the previous commit, this commit untangles LLD integration from the self-hosted linkers. Despite the big network of functions which were involved, it turns out what was going on here is quite simple. The LLD linking logic is actually very self-contained; it requires a few flags from the `link.File.OpenOptions`, but that's really about it. We don't need any of the mutable state on `Elf`/`Coff`/`Wasm`, for instance. There was some legacy code trying to handle support for using self-hosted codegen with LLD, but that's not a supported use case, so I've just stripped it out. For now, I've just pasted the logic for linking the 3 targets we currently support using LLD for into this new linker implementation, `link.Lld`; however, it's almost certainly possible to combine some of the logic and simplify this file a bit. But to be honest, it's not actually that bad right now. This commit ends up eliminating the distinction between `flush` and `flushZcu` (formerly `flushModule`) in linkers, where the latter previously meant something along the lines of "flush, but if you're going to be linking with LLD, just flush the ZCU object file, don't actually link"?. The distinction here doesn't seem like it was properly defined, and most linkers seem to treat them as essentially identical anyway. Regardless, all calls to `flushZcu` are gone now, so it's deleted -- one `flush` to rule them all! The end result of this commit and the preceding one is that LLVM and LLD fit into the pipeline much more sanely: * If we're using LLVM for the ZCU, that state is on `zcu.llvm_object` * If we're using LLD to link, then the `link.File` is a `link.Lld` * Calls to "ZCU link functions" (e.g. `updateNav`) lower to calls to the LLVM object if it's available, or otherwise to the `link.File` if it's available (neither is available under `-fno-emit-bin`) * After everything is done, linking is finalized by calling `flush` on the `link.File`; for `link.Lld` this invokes LLD, for other linkers it flushes self-hosted linker state There's one messy thing remaining, and that's how self-hosted function codegen in a ZCU works; right now, we process AIR with a call sequence something like this: * `link.doTask` * `Zcu.PerThread.linkerUpdateFunc` * `link.File.updateFunc` * `link.Elf.updateFunc` * `link.Elf.ZigObject.updateFunc` * `codegen.generateFunction` * `arch.x86_64.CodeGen.generate` So, we start in the linker, take a scenic detour through `Zcu`, go back to the linker, into its implementation, and then... right back out, into code which is generic over the linker implementation, and then dispatch on the *backend* instead! Of course, within `arch.x86_64.CodeGen`, there are some more places which switch on the `link` implementation being used. This is all pretty silly... so it shall be my next target.
2025-06-12compiler: slightly untangle LLVM from the linkersmlugg
The main goal of this commit is to make it easier to decouple codegen from the linkers by being able to do LLVM codegen without going through the `link.File`; however, this ended up being a nice refactor anyway. Previously, every linker stored an optional `llvm.Object`, which was populated when using LLVM for the ZCU *and* linking an output binary; and `Zcu` also stored an optional `llvm.Object`, which was used only when we needed LLVM for the ZCU (e.g. for `-femit-llvm-bc`) but were not emitting a binary. This situation was incredibly silly. It meant there were N+1 places the LLVM object might be instead of just 1, and it meant that every linker had to start a bunch of methods by checking for an LLVM object, and just dispatching to the corresponding method on *it* instead if it was not `null`. Instead, we now always store the LLVM object on the `Zcu` -- which makes sense, because it corresponds to the object emitted by, well, the Zig Compilation Unit! The linkers now mostly don't make reference to LLVM. `Compilation` makes sure to emit the LLVM object if necessary before calling `flush`, so it is ready for the linker. Also, all of the `link.File` methods which act on the ZCU -- like `updateNav` -- now check for the LLVM object in `link.zig` instead of in every single individual linker implementation. Notably, the change to LLVM emit improves this rather ludicrous call chain in the `-fllvm -flld` case: * Compilation.flush * link.File.flush * link.Elf.flush * link.Elf.linkWithLLD * link.Elf.flushModule * link.emitLlvmObject * Compilation.emitLlvmObject * llvm.Object.emit Replacing it with this one: * Compilation.flush * llvm.Object.emit ...although we do currently still end up in `link.Elf.linkWithLLD` to do the actual linking. The logic for invoking LLD should probably also be unified at least somewhat; I haven't done that in this commit.
2025-06-12compiler: minor refactors to ZCU linkingmlugg
* The `codegen_nav`, `codegen_func`, `codegen_type` tasks are renamed to `link_nav`, `link_func`, and `link_type`, to more accurately reflect their purpose of sending data to the *linker*. Currently, `link_func` remains responsible for codegen; this will change in an upcoming commit. * Don't go on a pointless detour through `PerThread` when linking ZCU functions/`Nav`s; so, the `linkerUpdateNav` etc logic now lives in `link.zig`. Currently, `linkerUpdateFunc` is an exception, because it has broader responsibilities including codegen, but this will be solved in an upcoming commit.
2025-06-06x86_64: fix switch dispatch bugJacob Young
Also closes #23902
2025-06-06Compilation: enable the x86_64 backend by default for debug buildsJacob Young
Closes #22257
2025-06-05std.Target: Introduce Cpu convenience functions for feature tests.Alex Rønne Petersen
Before: * std.Target.arm.featureSetHas(target.cpu.features, .has_v7) * std.Target.x86.featureSetHasAny(target.cpu.features, .{ .sse, .avx, .cmov }) * std.Target.wasm.featureSetHasAll(target.cpu.features, .{ .atomics, .bulk_memory }) After: * target.cpu.has(.arm, .has_v7) * target.cpu.hasAny(.x86, &.{ .sse, .avx, .cmov }) * target.cpu.hasAll(.wasm, &.{ .atomics, .bulk_memory })
2025-06-05Merge pull request #24068 from alexrp/android-pic-pieAlex Rønne Petersen
compiler: Rework PIE option logic.
2025-06-04compiler-rt: Issue VALGRIND_DISCARD_TRANSLATIONS request in __clear_cache().Alex Rønne Petersen
Closes #24030.
2025-06-04zig cc: Pass -f(no-)PIE to clang.Alex Rønne Petersen
Otherwise we rely on Clang's default which is known to not always match ours.
2025-06-04compiler: Don't link ucrtbased.dll when targeting *-windows-msvc in Debug mode.Alex Rønne Petersen
Linking it by default means that we produce binaries that, effectively, only run on systems which have the Windows SDK installed because ucrtbased.dll is not redistributable, and the Windows SDK is what actually installs ucrtbased.dll into %SYSTEM32%. The resulting binaries also can't run under Wine because Wine does not provide ucrtbased.dll. It is also inconsistent with our behavior for *-windows-gnu where we always link ucrtbase.dll. See #23983, #24019, and #24053 for more details. So just use ucrtbase.dll regardless of mode. With this change, we can also drop the implicit definition of the _DEBUG macro in zig cc, which has in some cases been problematic for users. Users who want to opt into the old behavior can do so, both for *-windows-msvc and *-windows-gnu, by explicitly passing -lucrtbased and -D_DEBUG. We might consider adding a more ergonomic flag like -fdebug-crt to the zig build-* family of commands in the future. Closes #24052.
2025-06-02Revert "mingw: Link to ucrtbased.dll instead of API set DLLs in Debug mode."Alex Rønne Petersen
This reverts commit 4641e9556d1343e95e4676e2f1e3024173db9962. See discussion on #24052.
2025-06-01Legalize: implement scalarization of `@select`Jacob Young