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path: root/src/Air/Legalize.zig
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2025-11-20update deprecated ArrayListUnmanaged usage (#25958)Benjamin Jurk
2025-11-15Legalize: implement soft-float legalizationsMatthew Lugg
A new `Legalize.Feature` tag is introduced for each float bit width (16/32/64/80/128). When e.g. `soft_f16` is enabled, all arithmetic and comparison operations on `f16` are converted to calls to the appropriate compiler_rt function using the new AIR tag `.legalize_compiler_rt_call`. This includes casts where the source *or* target type is `f16`, or integer<=>float conversions to or from `f16`. Occasionally, operations are legalized to blocks because there is extra code required; for instance, legalizing `@floatFromInt` where the integer type is larger than 64 bits requires calling an arbitrary-width integer conversion function which accepts a pointer to the integer, so we need to use `alloc` to create such a pointer, and store the integer there (after possibly zero-extending or sign-extending it). No backend currently uses these new legalizations (and as such, no backend currently needs to implement `.legalize_compiler_rt_call`). However, for testing purposes, I tried modifying the self-hosted x86_64 backend to enable all of the soft-float features (and implement the AIR instruction). This modified backend was able to pass all of the behavior tests (except for one `@mod` test where the LLVM backend has a bug resulting in incorrect compiler-rt behavior!), including the tests specific to the self-hosted x86_64 backend. `f16` and `f80` legalizations are likely of particular interest to backend developers, because most architectures do not have instructions to operate on these types. However, enabling *all* of these legalization passes can be useful when developing a new backend to hit the ground running and pass a good amount of tests more easily.
2025-11-12Air.Legalize: revert to loops for scalarizationsMatthew Lugg
I had tried unrolling the loops to avoid requiring the `vector_store_elem` instruction, but it's arguably a problem to generate O(N) code for an operation on `@Vector(N, T)`. In addition, that lowering emitted a lot of `.aggregate_init` instructions, which is itself a quite difficult operation to codegen. This requires reintroducing runtime vector indexing internally. However, I've put it in a couple of instructions which are intended only for use by `Air.Legalize`, named `legalize_vec_elem_val` (like `array_elem_val`, but for indexing a vector with a runtime-known index) and `legalize_vec_store_elem` (like the old `vector_store_elem` instruction). These are explicitly documented as *not* being emitted by Sema, so need only be implemented by backends if they actually use an `Air.Legalize.Feature` which emits them (otherwise they can be marked as `unreachable`).
2025-11-12Legalize: rewrite several legalizationsMatthew Lugg
The main goal of this change was to avoid emitting the `vector_store_elem` AIR tag, because this represents an operation which Zig no longer supports (and hence Sema no longer emits) as of 010d9a6 (because runtime vector indices are now forbidden). Backends should not need to lower this operation, so I rewrote the legalizations which emitted it (scalarizations of vector operations) to instead unroll the loop and hence emit comptime-known vector indices. In doing this, I actually reworked those legalizations to use a different strategy; instead of using an `alloc` and storing to individual vector elements, the vector is constructed by-val, for instance by performing the scalar operation on all elements and passing them to an `aggregate_init`. This is vastly simpler to implement in Legalize, conceptually simpler, and doesn't severely pessimise memory usage, because a non-optimizing backend will store the full vector on the stack either way. Given the above rationale, I also ended up reworking several other legalizations to use simpler lowerings. The legalizations in question were bitcast scalarization, `struct_field_val` of `packed struct`s (where we just bitcast to an integer and perform the appropriate shift/trunc sequence), and `aggregate_init` of a `packed struct` (also implemented in terms of integer bitwise operations with bitcasts to and from the actual types). This hugely simplified some parts of `Legalize`. So, `Legalize` is now much simpler, and the `vector_store_elem` instruction is no longer emitted by any part of the compiler so can be removed in a future commit.
2025-09-20frontend: packed struct field ptr no longer finds byte bordersAndrew Kelley
technically breaking, but I doubt anyone will notice.
2025-08-12replace even more aggregate internsJustus Klausecker
2025-06-19x86_64: increase passing test coverage on windowsJacob Young
Now that codegen has no references to linker state this is much easier. Closes #24153
2025-06-15compiler: fix `@intFromFloat` safety checkmlugg
This safety check was completely broken; it triggered unchecked illegal behavior *in order to implement the safety check*. You definitely can't do that! Instead, we must explicitly check the boundaries. This is a tiny bit fiddly, because we need to make sure we do floating-point rounding in the correct direction, and also handle the fact that the operation truncates so the boundary works differently for min vs max. Instead of implementing this safety check in Sema, there are now dedicated AIR instructions for safety-checked intfromfloat (two instructions; which one is used depends on the float mode). Currently, no backend directly implements them; instead, a `Legalize.Feature` is added which expands the safety check, and this feature is enabled for all backends we currently test, including the LLVM backend. The `u0` case is still handled in Sema, because Sema needs to check for that anyway due to the comptime-known result. The old safety check here was also completely broken and has therefore been rewritten. In that case, we just check for 'abs(input) < 1.0'. I've added a bunch of test coverage for the boundary cases of `@intFromFloat`, both for successes (in `test/behavior/cast.zig`) and failures (in `test/cases/safety/`). Resolves: #24161
2025-06-15Legalize: make the feature set comptime-known in zig1Jacob Young
This allows legalizations to be added that aren't used by zig1 without affecting the size of zig1.
2025-06-06x86_64: add support for pie executablesJacob Young
2025-06-03Legalize: handle packed semanticsJacob Young
Closes #22915
2025-06-01compiler: combine `@intCast` safety checksmlugg
`castTruncatedData` was a poorly worded error (all shrinking casts "truncate bits", it's just that we assume those bits to be zext/sext of the other bits!), and `negativeToUnsigned` was a pointless distinction which forced the compiler to emit worse code (since two separate safety checks were required for casting e.g. 'i32' to 'u16') and wasn't even implemented correctly. This commit combines those safety panics into one function, `integerOutOfBounds`. The name maybe isn't perfect, but that's not hugely important; what matters is the new default message, which is clearer than the old ones: "integer does not fit in destination type".
2025-06-01Legalize: implement scalarization of overflow intrinsicsJacob Young
2025-06-01Legalize: implement scalarization of `@shuffle`Jacob Young
2025-06-01compiler: implement better shuffle AIRmlugg
Runtime `@shuffle` has two cases which backends generally want to handle differently for efficiency: * One runtime vector operand; some result elements may be comptime-known * Two runtime vector operands; some result elements may be undefined The latter case happens if both vectors given to `@shuffle` are runtime-known and they are both used (i.e. the mask refers to them). Otherwise, if the result is not entirely comptime-known, we are in the former case. `Sema` now diffentiates these two cases in the AIR so that backends can easily handle them however they want to. Note that this *doesn't* really involve Sema doing any more work than it would otherwise need to, so there's not really a negative here! Most existing backends have their lowerings for `@shuffle` migrated in this commit. The LLVM backend uses new lowerings suggested by Jacob as ones which it will handle effectively. The x86_64 backend has not yet been migrated; for now there's a panic in there. Jacob will implement that before this is merged anywhere.
2025-06-01Legalize: implement scalarization of `@select`Jacob Young
2025-06-01Legalize: update for new Block APIJacob Young
2025-06-01Legalize: replace `safety_checked_instructions`mlugg
This adds 4 `Legalize.Feature`s: * `expand_intcast_safe` * `expand_add_safe` * `expand_sub_safe` * `expand_mul_safe` These do pretty much what they say on the tin. This logic was previously in Sema, used when `Zcu.Feature.safety_checked_instructions` was not supported by the backend. That `Zcu.Feature` has been removed in favour of this legalization.
2025-05-31cbe: implement `stdbool.h` reserved identifiersJacob Young
Also remove the legalize pass from zig1.
2025-05-31Sema: remove `all_vector_instructions` logicJacob Young
Backends can instead ask legalization on a per-instruction basis.
2025-05-31Legalize: implement scalarization of binary operationsJacob Young
2025-05-31Legalize: implement scalarization of unary operationsJacob Young
2025-05-29Legalize: introduce a new pass before livenessJacob Young
Each target can opt into different sets of legalize features. By performing these transformations before liveness, instructions that become unreferenced will have up-to-date liveness information.