Folder restructuring from primedev (#624)v1.21.2-rc3v1.21.2

Copies of over the primedev folder structure for easier cherry-picking of further changes

Co-authored-by: F1F7Y <filip.bartos07@proton.me>

297 files changed, 65625 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/primedev/CMakeLists.txt b/primedev/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03f2628e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+include(Northstar.cmake)
+include(Launcher.cmake)
+include(WSockProxy.cmake)
diff --git a/primedev/Launcher.cmake b/primedev/Launcher.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9edcf0e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/Launcher.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# NorthstarLauncher
+
+add_executable(NorthstarLauncher
+               "primelauncher/main.cpp"
+               "primelauncher/resources.rc"
+)
+
+target_compile_definitions(NorthstarLauncher PRIVATE
+                           UNICODE
+                           _UNICODE
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(NorthstarLauncher PRIVATE
+                      shlwapi.lib
+                      kernel32.lib
+                      user32.lib
+                      gdi32.lib
+                      winspool.lib
+                      comdlg32.lib
+                      advapi32.lib
+                      shell32.lib
+                      ole32.lib
+                      oleaut32.lib
+                      uuid.lib
+                      odbc32.lib
+                      odbccp32.lib
+                      WS2_32.lib
+)
+
+set_target_properties(NorthstarLauncher PROPERTIES
+                      RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${NS_BINARY_DIR}
+                      LINK_FLAGS "/MANIFEST:NO /DEBUG /STACK:8000000"
+)
diff --git a/primedev/Northstar.cmake b/primedev/Northstar.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..69db3d4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/Northstar.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+# NorthstarDLL
+
+find_package(minhook REQUIRED)
+find_package(libcurl REQUIRED)
+find_package(minizip REQUIRED)
+
+add_library(NorthstarDLL SHARED
+            "resources.rc"
+            "client/audio.cpp"
+            "client/audio.h"
+            "client/chatcommand.cpp"
+            "client/clientauthhooks.cpp"
+            "client/clientruihooks.cpp"
+            "client/clientvideooverrides.cpp"
+            "client/debugoverlay.cpp"
+            "client/demofixes.cpp"
+            "client/diskvmtfixes.cpp"
+            "client/languagehooks.cpp"
+            "client/latencyflex.cpp"
+            "client/localchatwriter.cpp"
+            "client/localchatwriter.h"
+            "client/modlocalisation.cpp"
+            "client/r2client.cpp"
+            "client/r2client.h"
+            "client/rejectconnectionfixes.cpp"
+            "config/profile.cpp"
+            "config/profile.h"
+            "core/convar/concommand.cpp"
+            "core/convar/concommand.h"
+            "core/convar/convar.cpp"
+            "core/convar/convar.h"
+            "core/convar/cvar.cpp"
+            "core/convar/cvar.h"
+            "core/filesystem/filesystem.cpp"
+            "core/filesystem/filesystem.h"
+            "core/filesystem/rpakfilesystem.cpp"
+            "core/filesystem/rpakfilesystem.h"
+            "core/math/bitbuf.h"
+            "core/math/bits.cpp"
+            "core/math/bits.h"
+            "core/math/color.cpp"
+            "core/math/color.h"
+            "core/math/vector.h"
+            "core/hooks.cpp"
+            "core/hooks.h"
+            "core/macros.h"
+            "core/memalloc.cpp"
+            "core/memalloc.h"
+            "core/memory.cpp"
+            "core/memory.h"
+            "core/sourceinterface.cpp"
+            "core/sourceinterface.h"
+            "core/structs.h"
+            "core/tier0.cpp"
+            "core/tier0.h"
+            "dedicated/dedicated.cpp"
+            "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+            "dedicated/dedicatedlogtoclient.cpp"
+            "dedicated/dedicatedlogtoclient.h"
+            "dedicated/dedicatedmaterialsystem.cpp"
+            "engine/host.cpp"
+            "engine/hoststate.cpp"
+            "engine/hoststate.h"
+            "engine/r2engine.cpp"
+            "engine/r2engine.h"
+            "engine/runframe.cpp"
+            "logging/crashhandler.cpp"
+            "logging/crashhandler.h"
+            "logging/logging.cpp"
+            "logging/logging.h"
+            "logging/loghooks.cpp"
+            "logging/loghooks.h"
+            "logging/sourceconsole.cpp"
+            "logging/sourceconsole.h"
+            "masterserver/masterserver.cpp"
+            "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+            "mods/autodownload/moddownloader.h"
+            "mods/autodownload/moddownloader.cpp"
+            "mods/compiled/kb_act.cpp"
+            "mods/compiled/modkeyvalues.cpp"
+            "mods/compiled/modpdef.cpp"
+            "mods/compiled/modscriptsrson.cpp"
+            "mods/modmanager.cpp"
+            "mods/modmanager.h"
+            "mods/modsavefiles.cpp"
+            "mods/modsavefiles.h"
+            "plugins/plugin_abi.h"
+            "plugins/pluginbackend.cpp"
+            "plugins/pluginbackend.h"
+            "plugins/plugins.cpp"
+            "plugins/plugins.h"
+            "scripts/client/clientchathooks.cpp"
+            "scripts/client/cursorposition.cpp"
+            "scripts/client/scriptbrowserhooks.cpp"
+            "scripts/client/scriptmainmenupromos.cpp"
+            "scripts/client/scriptmodmenu.cpp"
+            "scripts/client/scriptoriginauth.cpp"
+            "scripts/client/scriptserverbrowser.cpp"
+            "scripts/client/scriptservertoclientstringcommand.cpp"
+            "scripts/server/miscserverfixes.cpp"
+            "scripts/server/miscserverscript.cpp"
+            "scripts/server/scriptuserinfo.cpp"
+            "scripts/scriptdatatables.cpp"
+            "scripts/scripthttprequesthandler.cpp"
+            "scripts/scripthttprequesthandler.h"
+            "scripts/scriptjson.cpp"
+            "scripts/scriptjson.h"
+            "scripts/scriptutility.cpp"
+            "server/auth/bansystem.cpp"
+            "server/auth/bansystem.h"
+            "server/auth/serverauthentication.cpp"
+            "server/auth/serverauthentication.h"
+            "server/alltalk.cpp"
+            "server/buildainfile.cpp"
+            "server/r2server.cpp"
+            "server/r2server.h"
+            "server/serverchathooks.cpp"
+            "server/serverchathooks.h"
+            "server/servernethooks.cpp"
+            "server/serverpresence.cpp"
+            "server/serverpresence.h"
+            "shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes.cpp"
+            "shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes_lzss.cpp"
+            "shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes_utf8parser.cpp"
+            "shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.cpp"
+            "shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.h"
+            "shared/keyvalues.cpp"
+            "shared/keyvalues.h"
+            "shared/maxplayers.cpp"
+            "shared/maxplayers.h"
+            "shared/misccommands.cpp"
+            "shared/misccommands.h"
+            "shared/playlist.cpp"
+            "shared/playlist.h"
+            "squirrel/squirrel.cpp"
+            "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+            "squirrel/squirrelautobind.cpp"
+            "squirrel/squirrelautobind.h"
+            "squirrel/squirrelclasstypes.h"
+            "squirrel/squirreldatatypes.h"
+            "util/printcommands.cpp"
+            "util/printcommands.h"
+            "util/printmaps.cpp"
+            "util/printmaps.h"
+            "util/utils.cpp"
+            "util/utils.h"
+            "util/version.cpp"
+            "util/version.h"
+            "util/wininfo.cpp"
+            "util/wininfo.h"
+            "dllmain.cpp"
+            "dllmain.h"
+            "ns_version.h"
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(NorthstarDLL PRIVATE
+                      minhook
+                      libcurl
+                      minizip
+                      WS2_32.lib
+                      Crypt32.lib
+                      Cryptui.lib
+                      dbghelp.lib
+                      Wldap32.lib
+                      Normaliz.lib
+                      Bcrypt.lib
+                      version.lib
+)
+
+target_precompile_headers(NorthstarDLL PRIVATE pch.h)
+
+target_compile_definitions(NorthstarDLL PRIVATE
+                           UNICODE
+                           _UNICODE
+                           CURL_STATICLIB
+)
+
+set_target_properties(NorthstarDLL PROPERTIES
+                      RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${NS_BINARY_DIR}
+                      OUTPUT_NAME Northstar
+                      LINK_FLAGS "/MANIFEST:NO /DEBUG"
+)
diff --git a/primedev/WSockProxy.cmake b/primedev/WSockProxy.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84338bc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/WSockProxy.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# loader_wsock32_proxy
+
+find_package(minhook REQUIRED)
+
+add_library(loader_wsock32_proxy SHARED
+            "wsockproxy/dllmain.cpp"
+            "wsockproxy/loader.cpp"
+            "wsockproxy/loader.h"
+            "wsockproxy/wsock32.asm"
+            "wsockproxy/wsock32.def"
+)
+
+target_link_libraries(loader_wsock32_proxy PRIVATE
+                      minhook
+                      mswsock.lib
+                      ws2_32.lib
+                      ShLwApi.lib
+                      imagehlp.lib
+                      dbghelp.lib
+                      kernel32.lib
+                      user32.lib
+                      gdi32.lib
+                      winspool.lib
+                      comdlg32.lib
+                      advapi32.lib
+                      shell32.lib
+                      ole32.lib
+                      oleaut32.lib
+                      uuid.lib
+                      odbc32.lib
+                      odbccp32.lib
+)
+
+target_precompile_headers(loader_wsock32_proxy PRIVATE wsockproxy/pch.h)
+
+target_compile_definitions(loader_wsock32_proxy PRIVATE
+                           UNICODE
+                           _UNICODE
+)
+
+set_target_properties(loader_wsock32_proxy PROPERTIES
+                      RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${NS_BINARY_DIR}/bin/x64_retail
+                      OUTPUT_NAME wsock32
+                      LINK_FLAGS "/MANIFEST:NO /DEBUG"
+)
diff --git a/primedev/client/audio.cpp b/primedev/client/audio.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa32e390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/audio.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+#include "audio.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+
+#include "rapidjson/error/en.h"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <random>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+static const char* pszAudioEventName;
+
+ConVar* Cvar_mileslog_enable;
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_print_played_sounds;
+
+CustomAudioManager g_CustomAudioManager;
+
+EventOverrideData::EventOverrideData()
+{
+	spdlog::warn("Initialised struct EventOverrideData without any data!");
+	LoadedSuccessfully = false;
+}
+
+// Empty stereo 48000 WAVE file
+unsigned char EMPTY_WAVE[45] = {0x52, 0x49, 0x46, 0x46, 0x25, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x57, 0x41, 0x56, 0x45, 0x66, 0x6D, 0x74,
+								0x20, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x44, 0xAC, 0x00, 0x00, 0x88, 0x58,
+								0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x10, 0x00, 0x64, 0x61, 0x74, 0x61, 0x74, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+
+EventOverrideData::EventOverrideData(const std::string& data, const fs::path& path)
+{
+	if (data.length() <= 0)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed reading audio override file {}: file is empty", path.string());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	fs::path samplesFolder = path;
+	samplesFolder = samplesFolder.replace_extension();
+
+	if (!fs::exists(samplesFolder))
+	{
+		spdlog::error(
+			"Failed reading audio override file {}: samples folder doesn't exist; should be named the same as the definition file without "
+			"JSON extension.",
+			path.string());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	rapidjson_document dataJson;
+	dataJson.Parse<rapidjson::ParseFlag::kParseCommentsFlag | rapidjson::ParseFlag::kParseTrailingCommasFlag>(data);
+
+	// fail if parse error
+	if (dataJson.HasParseError())
+	{
+		spdlog::error(
+			"Failed reading audio override file {}: encountered parse error \"{}\" at offset {}",
+			path.string(),
+			GetParseError_En(dataJson.GetParseError()),
+			dataJson.GetErrorOffset());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// fail if it's not a json obj (could be an array, string, etc)
+	if (!dataJson.IsObject())
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed reading audio override file {}: file is not a JSON object", path.string());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// fail if no event ids given
+	if (!dataJson.HasMember("EventId"))
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed reading audio override file {}: JSON object does not have the EventId property", path.string());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// array of event ids
+	if (dataJson["EventId"].IsArray())
+	{
+		for (auto& eventId : dataJson["EventId"].GetArray())
+		{
+			if (!eventId.IsString())
+			{
+				spdlog::error(
+					"Failed reading audio override file {}: EventId array has a value of invalid type, all must be strings", path.string());
+				return;
+			}
+
+			EventIds.push_back(eventId.GetString());
+		}
+	}
+	// singular event id
+	else if (dataJson["EventId"].IsString())
+	{
+		EventIds.push_back(dataJson["EventId"].GetString());
+	}
+	// incorrect type
+	else
+	{
+		spdlog::error(
+			"Failed reading audio override file {}: EventId property is of invalid type (must be a string or an array of strings)",
+			path.string());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (dataJson.HasMember("EventIdRegex"))
+	{
+		// array of event id regex
+		if (dataJson["EventIdRegex"].IsArray())
+		{
+			for (auto& eventId : dataJson["EventIdRegex"].GetArray())
+			{
+				if (!eventId.IsString())
+				{
+					spdlog::error(
+						"Failed reading audio override file {}: EventIdRegex array has a value of invalid type, all must be strings",
+						path.string());
+					return;
+				}
+
+				const std::string& regex = eventId.GetString();
+
+				try
+				{
+					EventIdsRegex.push_back({regex, std::regex(regex)});
+				}
+				catch (...)
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Malformed regex \"{}\" in audio override file {}", regex, path.string());
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		// singular event id regex
+		else if (dataJson["EventIdRegex"].IsString())
+		{
+			const std::string& regex = dataJson["EventIdRegex"].GetString();
+			try
+			{
+				EventIdsRegex.push_back({regex, std::regex(regex)});
+			}
+			catch (...)
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Malformed regex \"{}\" in audio override file {}", regex, path.string());
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		// incorrect type
+		else
+		{
+			spdlog::error(
+				"Failed reading audio override file {}: EventIdRegex property is of invalid type (must be a string or an array of strings)",
+				path.string());
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (dataJson.HasMember("AudioSelectionStrategy"))
+	{
+		if (!dataJson["AudioSelectionStrategy"].IsString())
+		{
+			spdlog::error("Failed reading audio override file {}: AudioSelectionStrategy property must be a string", path.string());
+			return;
+		}
+
+		std::string strategy = dataJson["AudioSelectionStrategy"].GetString();
+
+		if (strategy == "sequential")
+		{
+			Strategy = AudioSelectionStrategy::SEQUENTIAL;
+		}
+		else if (strategy == "random")
+		{
+			Strategy = AudioSelectionStrategy::RANDOM;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			spdlog::error(
+				"Failed reading audio override file {}: AudioSelectionStrategy string must be either \"sequential\" or \"random\"",
+				path.string());
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// load samples
+	for (fs::directory_entry file : fs::recursive_directory_iterator(samplesFolder))
+	{
+		if (file.is_regular_file() && file.path().extension().string() == ".wav")
+		{
+			std::string pathString = file.path().string();
+
+			// Open the file.
+			std::ifstream wavStream(pathString, std::ios::binary);
+
+			if (wavStream.fail())
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Failed reading audio sample {}", file.path().string());
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			// Get file size.
+			wavStream.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
+			size_t fileSize = wavStream.tellg();
+			wavStream.close();
+
+			// Allocate enough memory for the file.
+			// blank out the memory for now, then read it later
+			uint8_t* data = new uint8_t[fileSize];
+			memcpy(data, EMPTY_WAVE, sizeof(EMPTY_WAVE));
+			Samples.push_back({fileSize, std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>(data)});
+
+			// thread off the file read
+			// should we spawn one thread per read? or should there be a cap to the number of reads at once?
+			std::thread readThread(
+				[pathString, fileSize, data]
+				{
+					std::shared_lock lock(g_CustomAudioManager.m_loadingMutex);
+					std::ifstream wavStream(pathString, std::ios::binary);
+
+					// would be weird if this got hit, since it would've worked previously
+					if (wavStream.fail())
+					{
+						spdlog::error("Failed async read of audio sample {}", pathString);
+						return;
+					}
+
+					// read from after the header first to preserve the empty header, then read the header last
+					wavStream.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
+					wavStream.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(data), fileSize);
+					wavStream.close();
+
+					spdlog::info("Finished async read of audio sample {}", pathString);
+				});
+
+			readThread.detach();
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	if (dataJson.HasMember("EnableOnLoopedSounds"))
+	{
+		if (!dataJson["EnableOnLoopedSounds"].IsBool())
+		{
+			spdlog::error("Failed reading audio override file {}: EnableOnLoopedSounds property is of invalid type (must be a bool)",
+	path.string()); return;
+		}
+
+		EnableOnLoopedSounds = dataJson["EnableOnLoopedSounds"].GetBool();
+	}
+	*/
+
+	if (Samples.size() == 0)
+		spdlog::warn("Audio override {} has no valid samples! Sounds will not play for this event.", path.string());
+
+	spdlog::info("Loaded audio override file {}", path.string());
+
+	LoadedSuccessfully = true;
+}
+
+bool CustomAudioManager::TryLoadAudioOverride(const fs::path& defPath)
+{
+	if (IsDedicatedServer())
+		return true; // silently fail
+
+	std::ifstream jsonStream(defPath);
+	std::stringstream jsonStringStream;
+
+	// fail if no audio json
+	if (jsonStream.fail())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Unable to read audio override from file {}", defPath.string());
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	while (jsonStream.peek() != EOF)
+		jsonStringStream << (char)jsonStream.get();
+
+	jsonStream.close();
+
+	std::shared_ptr<EventOverrideData> data = std::make_shared<EventOverrideData>(jsonStringStream.str(), defPath);
+
+	if (!data->LoadedSuccessfully)
+		return false; // no logging, the constructor has probably already logged
+
+	for (const std::string& eventId : data->EventIds)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Registering sound event {}", eventId);
+		m_loadedAudioOverrides.insert({eventId, data});
+	}
+
+	for (const auto& eventIdRegexData : data->EventIdsRegex)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Registering sound event regex {}", eventIdRegexData.first);
+		m_loadedAudioOverridesRegex.insert({eventIdRegexData.first, data});
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+typedef void (*MilesStopAll_Type)();
+MilesStopAll_Type MilesStopAll;
+
+void CustomAudioManager::ClearAudioOverrides()
+{
+	if (IsDedicatedServer())
+		return;
+
+	if (m_loadedAudioOverrides.size() > 0 || m_loadedAudioOverridesRegex.size() > 0)
+	{
+		// stop all miles sounds beforehand
+		// miles_stop_all
+
+		MilesStopAll();
+
+		// this is cancer but it works
+		Sleep(50);
+	}
+
+	// slightly (very) bad
+	// wait for all audio reads to complete so we don't kill preexisting audio buffers as we're writing to them
+	std::unique_lock lock(m_loadingMutex);
+
+	m_loadedAudioOverrides.clear();
+	m_loadedAudioOverridesRegex.clear();
+}
+
+template <typename Iter, typename RandomGenerator> Iter select_randomly(Iter start, Iter end, RandomGenerator& g)
+{
+	std::uniform_int_distribution<> dis(0, std::distance(start, end) - 1);
+	std::advance(start, dis(g));
+	return start;
+}
+
+template <typename Iter> Iter select_randomly(Iter start, Iter end)
+{
+	static std::random_device rd;
+	static std::mt19937 gen(rd());
+	return select_randomly(start, end, gen);
+}
+
+bool ShouldPlayAudioEvent(const char* eventName, const std::shared_ptr<EventOverrideData>& data)
+{
+	std::string eventNameString = eventName;
+	std::string eventNameStringBlacklistEntry = ("!" + eventNameString);
+
+	for (const std::string& name : data->EventIds)
+	{
+		if (name == eventNameStringBlacklistEntry)
+			return false; // event blacklisted
+
+		if (name == "*")
+		{
+			// check for bad sounds I guess?
+			// really feel like this should be an option but whatever
+			if (!!strstr(eventName, "_amb_") || !!strstr(eventName, "_emit_") || !!strstr(eventName, "amb_"))
+				return false; // would play static noise, I hate this
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true; // good to go
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(LoadSampleMetadata, mileswin64.dll + 0xF110, 
+bool, __fastcall, (void* sample, void* audioBuffer, unsigned int audioBufferLength, int audioType))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// Raw source, used for voice data only
+	if (audioType == 0)
+		return LoadSampleMetadata(sample, audioBuffer, audioBufferLength, audioType);
+
+	const char* eventName = pszAudioEventName;
+
+	if (Cvar_ns_print_played_sounds->GetInt() > 0)
+		spdlog::info("[AUDIO] Playing event {}", eventName);
+
+	auto iter = g_CustomAudioManager.m_loadedAudioOverrides.find(eventName);
+	std::shared_ptr<EventOverrideData> overrideData;
+
+	if (iter == g_CustomAudioManager.m_loadedAudioOverrides.end())
+	{
+		// override for that specific event not found, try wildcard
+		iter = g_CustomAudioManager.m_loadedAudioOverrides.find("*");
+
+		if (iter == g_CustomAudioManager.m_loadedAudioOverrides.end())
+		{
+			// not found
+
+			// try regex
+			for (const auto& item : g_CustomAudioManager.m_loadedAudioOverridesRegex)
+				for (const auto& regexData : item.second->EventIdsRegex)
+					if (std::regex_search(eventName, regexData.second))
+						overrideData = item.second;
+
+			if (!overrideData)
+				// not found either
+				return LoadSampleMetadata(sample, audioBuffer, audioBufferLength, audioType);
+			else
+			{
+				// cache found pattern to improve performance
+				g_CustomAudioManager.m_loadedAudioOverrides[eventName] = overrideData;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+			overrideData = iter->second;
+	}
+	else
+		overrideData = iter->second;
+
+	if (!ShouldPlayAudioEvent(eventName, overrideData))
+		return LoadSampleMetadata(sample, audioBuffer, audioBufferLength, audioType);
+
+	void* data = 0;
+	unsigned int dataLength = 0;
+
+	if (overrideData->Samples.size() == 0)
+	{
+		// 0 samples, turn off this particular event.
+
+		// using a dummy empty wave file
+		data = EMPTY_WAVE;
+		dataLength = sizeof(EMPTY_WAVE);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		std::pair<size_t, std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>>* dat = NULL;
+
+		switch (overrideData->Strategy)
+		{
+		case AudioSelectionStrategy::RANDOM:
+			dat = &*select_randomly(overrideData->Samples.begin(), overrideData->Samples.end());
+			break;
+		case AudioSelectionStrategy::SEQUENTIAL:
+		default:
+			dat = &overrideData->Samples[overrideData->CurrentIndex++];
+			if (overrideData->CurrentIndex >= overrideData->Samples.size())
+				overrideData->CurrentIndex = 0; // reset back to the first sample entry
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (!dat)
+			spdlog::warn("Could not get sample data from override struct for event {}! Shouldn't happen", eventName);
+		else
+		{
+			data = dat->second.get();
+			dataLength = dat->first;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!data)
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Could not fetch override sample data for event {}! Using original data instead.", eventName);
+		return LoadSampleMetadata(sample, audioBuffer, audioBufferLength, audioType);
+	}
+
+	audioBuffer = data;
+	audioBufferLength = dataLength;
+
+	// most important change: set the sample class buffer so that the correct audio plays
+	*(void**)((uintptr_t)sample + 0xE8) = audioBuffer;
+	*(unsigned int*)((uintptr_t)sample + 0xF0) = audioBufferLength;
+
+	// 64 - Auto-detect sample type
+	bool res = LoadSampleMetadata(sample, audioBuffer, audioBufferLength, 64);
+	if (!res)
+		spdlog::error("LoadSampleMetadata failed! The game will crash :(");
+
+	return res;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(sub_1800294C0, mileswin64.dll + 0x294C0,
+void*, __fastcall, (void* a1, void* a2))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	pszAudioEventName = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((*((__int64*)a2 + 6)));
+	return sub_1800294C0(a1, a2);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(MilesLog, client.dll + 0x57DAD0, 
+void, __fastcall, (int level, const char* string))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (!Cvar_mileslog_enable->GetBool())
+		return;
+
+	spdlog::info("[MSS] {} - {}", level, string);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", MilesLogFuncHooks, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	Cvar_mileslog_enable = new ConVar("mileslog_enable", "0", FCVAR_NONE, "Enables/disables whether the mileslog func should be logged");
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT_RELIESON("client.dll", AudioHooks, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	Cvar_ns_print_played_sounds = new ConVar("ns_print_played_sounds", "0", FCVAR_NONE, "");
+	MilesStopAll = module.Offset(0x580850).RCast<MilesStopAll_Type>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/audio.h b/primedev/client/audio.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15fd1a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/audio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <regex>
+#include <shared_mutex>
+
+enum class AudioSelectionStrategy
+{
+	INVALID = -1,
+	SEQUENTIAL,
+	RANDOM
+};
+
+class EventOverrideData
+{
+public:
+	EventOverrideData(const std::string&, const fs::path&);
+	EventOverrideData();
+
+public:
+	bool LoadedSuccessfully = false;
+
+	std::vector<std::string> EventIds = {};
+	std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::regex>> EventIdsRegex = {};
+
+	std::vector<std::pair<size_t, std::unique_ptr<uint8_t[]>>> Samples = {};
+
+	AudioSelectionStrategy Strategy = AudioSelectionStrategy::SEQUENTIAL;
+	size_t CurrentIndex = 0;
+
+	bool EnableOnLoopedSounds = false;
+};
+
+class CustomAudioManager
+{
+public:
+	bool TryLoadAudioOverride(const fs::path&);
+	void ClearAudioOverrides();
+
+	std::shared_mutex m_loadingMutex;
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<EventOverrideData>> m_loadedAudioOverrides = {};
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<EventOverrideData>> m_loadedAudioOverridesRegex = {};
+};
+
+extern CustomAudioManager g_CustomAudioManager;
diff --git a/primedev/client/chatcommand.cpp b/primedev/client/chatcommand.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9cf34e43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/chatcommand.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "localchatwriter.h"
+
+// note: isIngameChat is an int64 because the whole register the arg is stored in needs to be 0'd out to work
+// if isIngameChat is false, we use network chat instead
+void(__fastcall* ClientSayText)(void* a1, const char* message, uint64_t isIngameChat, bool isTeamChat);
+
+void ConCommand_say(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	if (args.ArgC() >= 2)
+		ClientSayText(nullptr, args.ArgS(), true, false);
+}
+
+void ConCommand_say_team(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	if (args.ArgC() >= 2)
+		ClientSayText(nullptr, args.ArgS(), true, true);
+}
+
+void ConCommand_log(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	if (args.ArgC() >= 2)
+	{
+		LocalChatWriter(LocalChatWriter::GameContext).WriteLine(args.ArgS());
+	}
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT_RELIESON("engine.dll", ClientChatCommand, ConCommand, (CModule module))
+{
+	ClientSayText =
+		module.Offset(0x54780).RCast<void(__fastcall*)(void* a1, const char* message, uint64_t isIngameChat, bool isTeamChat)>();
+	RegisterConCommand("say", ConCommand_say, "Enters a message in public chat", FCVAR_CLIENTDLL);
+	RegisterConCommand("say_team", ConCommand_say_team, "Enters a message in team chat", FCVAR_CLIENTDLL);
+	RegisterConCommand("log", ConCommand_log, "Log a message to the local chat window", FCVAR_CLIENTDLL);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/clientauthhooks.cpp b/primedev/client/clientauthhooks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35ae3aa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/clientauthhooks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "client/r2client.h"
+#include "core/vanilla.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_has_agreed_to_send_token;
+
+// mirrored in script
+const int NOT_DECIDED_TO_SEND_TOKEN = 0;
+const int AGREED_TO_SEND_TOKEN = 1;
+const int DISAGREED_TO_SEND_TOKEN = 2;
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(AuthWithStryder, engine.dll + 0x1843A0,
+void, __fastcall, (void* a1))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// don't attempt to do Atlas auth if we are in vanilla compatibility mode
+	// this prevents users from joining untrustworthy servers (unless they use a concommand or something)
+	if (g_pVanillaCompatibility->GetVanillaCompatibility())
+	{
+		AuthWithStryder(a1);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// game will call this forever, until it gets a valid auth key
+	// so, we need to manually invalidate our key until we're authed with northstar, then we'll allow game to auth with stryder
+	if (!g_pMasterServerManager->m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerDone && Cvar_ns_has_agreed_to_send_token->GetInt() != DISAGREED_TO_SEND_TOKEN)
+	{
+		// if player has agreed to send token and we aren't already authing, try to auth
+		if (Cvar_ns_has_agreed_to_send_token->GetInt() == AGREED_TO_SEND_TOKEN &&
+			!g_pMasterServerManager->m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerInProgress)
+			g_pMasterServerManager->AuthenticateOriginWithMasterServer(g_pLocalPlayerUserID, g_pLocalPlayerOriginToken);
+
+		// invalidate key so auth will fail
+		*g_pLocalPlayerOriginToken = 0;
+	}
+
+	AuthWithStryder(a1);
+}
+
+char* p3PToken;
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(Auth3PToken, engine.dll + 0x183760,
+char*, __fastcall, ())
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (!g_pVanillaCompatibility->GetVanillaCompatibility() && g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnClientAuthToken[0])
+	{
+		memset(p3PToken, 0x0, 1024);
+		strcpy(p3PToken, "Protocol 3: Protect the Pilot");
+	}
+
+	return Auth3PToken();
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT_RELIESON("engine.dll", ClientAuthHooks, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	p3PToken = module.Offset(0x13979D80).RCast<char*>();
+
+	// this cvar will save to cfg once initially agreed with
+	Cvar_ns_has_agreed_to_send_token = new ConVar(
+		"ns_has_agreed_to_send_token",
+		"0",
+		FCVAR_ARCHIVE_PLAYERPROFILE,
+		"whether the user has agreed to send their origin token to the northstar masterserver");
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/clientruihooks.cpp b/primedev/client/clientruihooks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ad50d11a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/clientruihooks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+ConVar* Cvar_rui_drawEnable;
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(DrawRUIFunc, engine.dll + 0xFC500,
+bool, __fastcall, (void* a1, float* a2))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (!Cvar_rui_drawEnable->GetBool())
+		return 0;
+
+	return DrawRUIFunc(a1, a2);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT_RELIESON("engine.dll", RUI, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	Cvar_rui_drawEnable = new ConVar("rui_drawEnable", "1", FCVAR_CLIENTDLL, "Controls whether RUI should be drawn");
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/clientvideooverrides.cpp b/primedev/client/clientvideooverrides.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8aa2754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/clientvideooverrides.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK_PROCADDRESS(BinkOpen, bink2w64.dll, BinkOpen, 
+void*, __fastcall, (const char* path, uint32_t flags))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	std::string filename(fs::path(path).filename().string());
+	spdlog::info("BinkOpen {}", filename);
+
+	// figure out which mod is handling the bink
+	Mod* fileOwner = nullptr;
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+			continue;
+
+		if (std::find(mod.BinkVideos.begin(), mod.BinkVideos.end(), filename) != mod.BinkVideos.end())
+			fileOwner = &mod;
+	}
+
+	if (fileOwner)
+	{
+		// create new path
+		fs::path binkPath(fileOwner->m_ModDirectory / "media" / filename);
+		return BinkOpen(binkPath.string().c_str(), flags);
+	}
+	else
+		return BinkOpen(path, flags);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT("engine.dll", BinkVideo, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	// remove engine check for whether the bik we're trying to load exists in r2/media, as this will fail for biks in mods
+	// note: the check in engine is actually unnecessary, so it's just useless in practice and we lose nothing by removing it
+	module.Offset(0x459AD).NOP(6);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/debugoverlay.cpp b/primedev/client/debugoverlay.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e231054d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/debugoverlay.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+#include "core/convar/cvar.h"
+#include "core/math/vector.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+enum OverlayType_t
+{
+	OVERLAY_BOX = 0,
+	OVERLAY_SPHERE,
+	OVERLAY_LINE,
+	OVERLAY_SMARTAMMO,
+	OVERLAY_TRIANGLE,
+	OVERLAY_SWEPT_BOX,
+	// [Fifty]: the 2 bellow i did not confirm, rest are good
+	OVERLAY_BOX2,
+	OVERLAY_CAPSULE
+};
+
+struct OverlayBase_t
+{
+	OverlayBase_t()
+	{
+		m_Type = OVERLAY_BOX;
+		m_nServerCount = -1;
+		m_nCreationTick = -1;
+		m_flEndTime = 0.0f;
+		m_pNextOverlay = NULL;
+	}
+
+	OverlayType_t m_Type; // What type of overlay is it?
+	int m_nCreationTick; // Duration -1 means go away after this frame #
+	int m_nServerCount; // Latch server count, too
+	float m_flEndTime; // When does this box go away
+	OverlayBase_t* m_pNextOverlay;
+	__int64 m_pUnk;
+};
+
+struct OverlayLine_t : public OverlayBase_t
+{
+	OverlayLine_t()
+	{
+		m_Type = OVERLAY_LINE;
+	}
+
+	Vector3 origin;
+	Vector3 dest;
+	int r;
+	int g;
+	int b;
+	int a;
+	bool noDepthTest;
+};
+
+struct OverlayBox_t : public OverlayBase_t
+{
+	OverlayBox_t()
+	{
+		m_Type = OVERLAY_BOX;
+	}
+
+	Vector3 origin;
+	Vector3 mins;
+	Vector3 maxs;
+	QAngle angles;
+	int r;
+	int g;
+	int b;
+	int a;
+};
+
+struct OverlayTriangle_t : public OverlayBase_t
+{
+	OverlayTriangle_t()
+	{
+		m_Type = OVERLAY_TRIANGLE;
+	}
+
+	Vector3 p1;
+	Vector3 p2;
+	Vector3 p3;
+	int r;
+	int g;
+	int b;
+	int a;
+	bool noDepthTest;
+};
+
+struct OverlaySweptBox_t : public OverlayBase_t
+{
+	OverlaySweptBox_t()
+	{
+		m_Type = OVERLAY_SWEPT_BOX;
+	}
+
+	Vector3 start;
+	Vector3 end;
+	Vector3 mins;
+	Vector3 maxs;
+	QAngle angles;
+	int r;
+	int g;
+	int b;
+	int a;
+};
+
+struct OverlaySphere_t : public OverlayBase_t
+{
+	OverlaySphere_t()
+	{
+		m_Type = OVERLAY_SPHERE;
+	}
+
+	Vector3 vOrigin;
+	float flRadius;
+	int nTheta;
+	int nPhi;
+	int r;
+	int g;
+	int b;
+	int a;
+	bool m_bWireframe;
+};
+
+typedef bool (*OverlayBase_t__IsDeadType)(OverlayBase_t* a1);
+static OverlayBase_t__IsDeadType OverlayBase_t__IsDead;
+typedef void (*OverlayBase_t__DestroyOverlayType)(OverlayBase_t* a1);
+static OverlayBase_t__DestroyOverlayType OverlayBase_t__DestroyOverlay;
+
+static ConVar* Cvar_enable_debug_overlays;
+
+LPCRITICAL_SECTION s_OverlayMutex;
+
+// Render Line
+typedef void (*RenderLineType)(const Vector3& v1, const Vector3& v2, Color c, bool bZBuffer);
+static RenderLineType RenderLine;
+
+// Render box
+typedef void (*RenderBoxType)(
+	const Vector3& vOrigin, const QAngle& angles, const Vector3& vMins, const Vector3& vMaxs, Color c, bool bZBuffer, bool bInsideOut);
+static RenderBoxType RenderBox;
+
+// Render wireframe box
+static RenderBoxType RenderWireframeBox;
+
+// Render swept box
+typedef void (*RenderWireframeSweptBoxType)(
+	const Vector3& vStart, const Vector3& vEnd, const QAngle& angles, const Vector3& vMins, const Vector3& vMaxs, Color c, bool bZBuffer);
+RenderWireframeSweptBoxType RenderWireframeSweptBox;
+
+// Render Triangle
+typedef void (*RenderTriangleType)(const Vector3& p1, const Vector3& p2, const Vector3& p3, Color c, bool bZBuffer);
+static RenderTriangleType RenderTriangle;
+
+// Render Axis
+typedef void (*RenderAxisType)(const Vector3& vOrigin, float flScale, bool bZBuffer);
+static RenderAxisType RenderAxis;
+
+// I dont know
+typedef void (*RenderUnknownType)(const Vector3& vUnk, float flUnk, bool bUnk);
+static RenderUnknownType RenderUnknown;
+
+// Render Sphere
+typedef void (*RenderSphereType)(const Vector3& vCenter, float flRadius, int nTheta, int nPhi, Color c, bool bZBuffer);
+static RenderSphereType RenderSphere;
+
+OverlayBase_t** s_pOverlays;
+
+int* g_nRenderTickCount;
+int* g_nOverlayTickCount;
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(DrawOverlay, engine.dll + 0xABCB0, 
+void, __fastcall, (OverlayBase_t * pOverlay))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	EnterCriticalSection(s_OverlayMutex);
+
+	switch (pOverlay->m_Type)
+	{
+	case OVERLAY_SMARTAMMO:
+	case OVERLAY_LINE:
+	{
+		OverlayLine_t* pLine = static_cast<OverlayLine_t*>(pOverlay);
+		RenderLine(pLine->origin, pLine->dest, Color(pLine->r, pLine->g, pLine->b, pLine->a), pLine->noDepthTest);
+	}
+	break;
+	case OVERLAY_BOX:
+	{
+		OverlayBox_t* pCurrBox = static_cast<OverlayBox_t*>(pOverlay);
+		if (pCurrBox->a > 0)
+		{
+			RenderBox(
+				pCurrBox->origin,
+				pCurrBox->angles,
+				pCurrBox->mins,
+				pCurrBox->maxs,
+				Color(pCurrBox->r, pCurrBox->g, pCurrBox->b, pCurrBox->a),
+				false,
+				false);
+		}
+		if (pCurrBox->a < 255)
+		{
+			RenderWireframeBox(
+				pCurrBox->origin,
+				pCurrBox->angles,
+				pCurrBox->mins,
+				pCurrBox->maxs,
+				Color(pCurrBox->r, pCurrBox->g, pCurrBox->b, 255),
+				false,
+				false);
+		}
+	}
+	break;
+	case OVERLAY_TRIANGLE:
+	{
+		OverlayTriangle_t* pTriangle = static_cast<OverlayTriangle_t*>(pOverlay);
+		RenderTriangle(
+			pTriangle->p1,
+			pTriangle->p2,
+			pTriangle->p3,
+			Color(pTriangle->r, pTriangle->g, pTriangle->b, pTriangle->a),
+			pTriangle->noDepthTest);
+	}
+	break;
+	case OVERLAY_SWEPT_BOX:
+	{
+		OverlaySweptBox_t* pBox = static_cast<OverlaySweptBox_t*>(pOverlay);
+		RenderWireframeSweptBox(
+			pBox->start, pBox->end, pBox->angles, pBox->mins, pBox->maxs, Color(pBox->r, pBox->g, pBox->b, pBox->a), false);
+	}
+	break;
+	case OVERLAY_SPHERE:
+	{
+		OverlaySphere_t* pSphere = static_cast<OverlaySphere_t*>(pOverlay);
+		RenderSphere(
+			pSphere->vOrigin,
+			pSphere->flRadius,
+			pSphere->nTheta,
+			pSphere->nPhi,
+			Color(pSphere->r, pSphere->g, pSphere->b, pSphere->a),
+			false);
+	}
+	break;
+	default:
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Unimplemented overlay type {}", pOverlay->m_Type);
+	}
+	break;
+	}
+
+	LeaveCriticalSection(s_OverlayMutex);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(DrawAllOverlays, engine.dll + 0xAB780, 
+void, __fastcall, (bool bRender))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	EnterCriticalSection(s_OverlayMutex);
+
+	OverlayBase_t* pCurrOverlay = *s_pOverlays; // rbx
+	OverlayBase_t* pPrevOverlay = nullptr; // rsi
+	OverlayBase_t* pNextOverlay = nullptr; // rdi
+
+	int m_nCreationTick; // eax
+	bool bShouldDraw; // zf
+	int m_pUnk; // eax
+
+	while (pCurrOverlay)
+	{
+		if (OverlayBase_t__IsDead(pCurrOverlay))
+		{
+			if (pPrevOverlay)
+			{
+				pPrevOverlay->m_pNextOverlay = pCurrOverlay->m_pNextOverlay;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				*s_pOverlays = pCurrOverlay->m_pNextOverlay;
+			}
+
+			pNextOverlay = pCurrOverlay->m_pNextOverlay;
+			OverlayBase_t__DestroyOverlay(pCurrOverlay);
+			pCurrOverlay = pNextOverlay;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (pCurrOverlay->m_nCreationTick == -1)
+			{
+				m_pUnk = pCurrOverlay->m_pUnk;
+
+				if (m_pUnk == -1)
+				{
+					bShouldDraw = true;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					bShouldDraw = m_pUnk == *g_nOverlayTickCount;
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				bShouldDraw = pCurrOverlay->m_nCreationTick == *g_nRenderTickCount;
+			}
+
+			if (bShouldDraw && bRender && (Cvar_enable_debug_overlays->GetBool() || pCurrOverlay->m_Type == OVERLAY_SMARTAMMO))
+			{
+				DrawOverlay(pCurrOverlay);
+			}
+
+			pPrevOverlay = pCurrOverlay;
+			pCurrOverlay = pCurrOverlay->m_pNextOverlay;
+		}
+	}
+
+	LeaveCriticalSection(s_OverlayMutex);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT_RELIESON("engine.dll", DebugOverlay, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	OverlayBase_t__IsDead = module.Offset(0xACAC0).RCast<OverlayBase_t__IsDeadType>();
+	OverlayBase_t__DestroyOverlay = module.Offset(0xAB680).RCast<OverlayBase_t__DestroyOverlayType>();
+
+	RenderLine = module.Offset(0x192A70).RCast<RenderLineType>();
+	RenderBox = module.Offset(0x192520).RCast<RenderBoxType>();
+	RenderWireframeBox = module.Offset(0x193DA0).RCast<RenderBoxType>();
+	RenderWireframeSweptBox = module.Offset(0x1945A0).RCast<RenderWireframeSweptBoxType>();
+	RenderTriangle = module.Offset(0x193940).RCast<RenderTriangleType>();
+	RenderAxis = module.Offset(0x1924D0).RCast<RenderAxisType>();
+	RenderSphere = module.Offset(0x194170).RCast<RenderSphereType>();
+	RenderUnknown = module.Offset(0x1924E0).RCast<RenderUnknownType>();
+
+	s_OverlayMutex = module.Offset(0x10DB0A38).RCast<LPCRITICAL_SECTION>();
+
+	s_pOverlays = module.Offset(0x10DB0968).RCast<OverlayBase_t**>();
+
+	g_nRenderTickCount = module.Offset(0x10DB0984).RCast<int*>();
+	g_nOverlayTickCount = module.Offset(0x10DB0980).RCast<int*>();
+
+	// not in g_pCVar->FindVar by this point for whatever reason, so have to get from memory
+	Cvar_enable_debug_overlays = module.Offset(0x10DB0990).RCast<ConVar*>();
+	Cvar_enable_debug_overlays->SetValue(false);
+	Cvar_enable_debug_overlays->m_pszDefaultValue = (char*)"0";
+	Cvar_enable_debug_overlays->AddFlags(FCVAR_CHEAT);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/demofixes.cpp b/primedev/client/demofixes.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..344764ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/demofixes.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT("engine.dll", EngineDemoFixes, (CModule module))
+{
+	// allow demo recording on loopback
+	module.Offset(0x8E1B1).NOP(2);
+	module.Offset(0x56CC3).NOP(2);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT_RELIESON("client.dll", ClientDemoFixes, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	// change default values of demo cvars to enable them by default, but not autorecord
+	// this is before Host_Init, the setvalue calls here will get overwritten by custom cfgs/launch options
+	ConVar* Cvar_demo_enableDemos = g_pCVar->FindVar("demo_enabledemos");
+	Cvar_demo_enableDemos->m_pszDefaultValue = "1";
+	Cvar_demo_enableDemos->SetValue(true);
+
+	ConVar* Cvar_demo_writeLocalFile = g_pCVar->FindVar("demo_writeLocalFile");
+	Cvar_demo_writeLocalFile->m_pszDefaultValue = "1";
+	Cvar_demo_writeLocalFile->SetValue(true);
+
+	ConVar* Cvar_demo_autoRecord = g_pCVar->FindVar("demo_autoRecord");
+	Cvar_demo_autoRecord->m_pszDefaultValue = "0";
+	Cvar_demo_autoRecord->SetValue(false);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/diskvmtfixes.cpp b/primedev/client/diskvmtfixes.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4ab951c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/diskvmtfixes.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT("materialsystem_dx11.dll", DiskVMTFixes, (CModule module))
+{
+	// in retail VMTs will never load if cache read is invalid due to a special case for them in KeyValues::LoadFromFile
+	// this effectively makes it impossible to load them from mods because we invalidate cache for doing this
+	// so uhh, stop that from happening
+
+	// tbh idk why they even changed any of this what's the point it looks like it works fine who cares my god
+
+	// matsystem KeyValues::LoadFromFile: patch special case on cache read failure for vmts
+	module.Offset(0x1281B9).Patch("EB");
+
+	// CMaterialSystem::FindMaterial: don't call function that crashes if previous patch is applied
+	module.Offset(0x5F55A).NOP(5);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/languagehooks.cpp b/primedev/client/languagehooks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35ca5659
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/languagehooks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <regex>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+typedef LANGID (*Tier0_DetectDefaultLanguageType)();
+
+bool CheckLangAudioExists(char* lang)
+{
+	std::string path {"r2\\sound\\general_"};
+	path += lang;
+	path += ".mstr";
+	return fs::exists(path);
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> file_list(fs::path dir, std::regex ext_pattern)
+{
+	std::vector<std::string> result;
+
+	if (!fs::exists(dir) || !fs::is_directory(dir))
+		return result;
+
+	using iterator = fs::directory_iterator;
+
+	const iterator end;
+	for (iterator iter {dir}; iter != end; ++iter)
+	{
+		const std::string filename = iter->path().filename().string();
+		std::smatch matches;
+		if (fs::is_regular_file(*iter) && std::regex_match(filename, matches, ext_pattern))
+		{
+			result.push_back(std::move(matches.str(1)));
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+std::string GetAnyInstalledAudioLanguage()
+{
+	for (const auto& lang : file_list("r2\\sound\\", std::regex(".*?general_([a-z]+)_patch_1\\.mstr")))
+		if (lang != "general" || lang != "")
+			return lang;
+	return "NO LANGUAGE DETECTED";
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(GetGameLanguage, tier0.dll + 0xF560,
+char*, __fastcall, ())
+// clang-format on
+{
+	auto tier0Handle = GetModuleHandleA("tier0.dll");
+	auto Tier0_DetectDefaultLanguageType = GetProcAddress(tier0Handle, "Tier0_DetectDefaultLanguage");
+	char* ingameLang1 = (char*)tier0Handle + 0xA9B60; // one of the globals we need to override if overriding lang (size: 256)
+	bool& canOriginDictateLang = *(bool*)((char*)tier0Handle + 0xA9A90);
+
+	const char* forcedLanguage;
+	if (CommandLine()->CheckParm("-language", &forcedLanguage))
+	{
+		if (!CheckLangAudioExists((char*)forcedLanguage))
+		{
+			spdlog::info(
+				"User tried to force the language (-language) to \"{}\", but audio for this language doesn't exist and the game is bound "
+				"to error, falling back to next option...",
+				forcedLanguage);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			spdlog::info("User forcing the language (-language) to: {}", forcedLanguage);
+			strncpy(ingameLang1, forcedLanguage, 256);
+			return ingameLang1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	canOriginDictateLang = true; // let it try
+	{
+		auto lang = GetGameLanguage();
+		if (!CheckLangAudioExists(lang))
+		{
+			if (strcmp(lang, "russian") !=
+				0) // don't log for "russian" since it's the default and that means Origin detection just didn't change it most likely
+				spdlog::info(
+					"Origin detected language \"{}\", but we do not have audio for it installed, falling back to the next option", lang);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			spdlog::info("Origin detected language: {}", lang);
+			return lang;
+		}
+	}
+
+	Tier0_DetectDefaultLanguageType(); // force the global in tier0 to be populated with language inferred from user's system rather than
+									   // defaulting to Russian
+	canOriginDictateLang = false; // Origin has no say anymore, we will fallback to user's system setup language
+	auto lang = GetGameLanguage();
+	spdlog::info("Detected system language: {}", lang);
+	if (!CheckLangAudioExists(lang))
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Caution, audio for this language does NOT exist. You might want to override your game language with -language "
+					 "command line option.");
+		auto lang = GetAnyInstalledAudioLanguage();
+		spdlog::warn("Falling back to the first installed audio language: {}", lang.c_str());
+		strncpy(ingameLang1, lang.c_str(), 256);
+		return ingameLang1;
+	}
+
+	return lang;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT("tier0.dll", LanguageHooks, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/latencyflex.cpp b/primedev/client/latencyflex.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25e38c7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/latencyflex.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+ConVar* Cvar_r_latencyflex;
+
+void (*m_winelfx_WaitAndBeginFrame)();
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(OnRenderStart, client.dll + 0x1952C0, 
+void, __fastcall, ())
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (Cvar_r_latencyflex->GetBool() && m_winelfx_WaitAndBeginFrame)
+		m_winelfx_WaitAndBeginFrame();
+
+	OnRenderStart();
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT_RELIESON("client.dll", LatencyFlex, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	// Connect to the LatencyFleX service
+	// LatencyFleX is an open source vendor agnostic replacement for Nvidia Reflex input latency reduction technology.
+	// https://ishitatsuyuki.github.io/post/latencyflex/
+	HMODULE pLfxModule;
+
+	if (pLfxModule = LoadLibraryA("latencyflex_layer.dll"))
+		m_winelfx_WaitAndBeginFrame =
+			reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(GetProcAddress(pLfxModule, "lfx_WaitAndBeginFrame")));
+	else if (pLfxModule = LoadLibraryA("latencyflex_wine.dll"))
+		m_winelfx_WaitAndBeginFrame =
+			reinterpret_cast<void (*)()>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(GetProcAddress(pLfxModule, "winelfx_WaitAndBeginFrame")));
+	else
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Unable to load LatencyFleX library, LatencyFleX disabled.");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	spdlog::info("LatencyFleX initialized.");
+	Cvar_r_latencyflex = new ConVar("r_latencyflex", "1", FCVAR_ARCHIVE, "Whether or not to use LatencyFleX input latency reduction.");
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/localchatwriter.cpp b/primedev/client/localchatwriter.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..35cc065f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/localchatwriter.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,449 @@
+#include "localchatwriter.h"
+
+class vgui_BaseRichText_vtable;
+
+class vgui_BaseRichText
+{
+public:
+	vgui_BaseRichText_vtable* vtable;
+};
+
+class vgui_BaseRichText_vtable
+{
+public:
+	char unknown1[1880];
+
+	void(__fastcall* InsertChar)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, wchar_t ch);
+
+	// yes these are swapped from the Source 2013 code, who knows why
+	void(__fastcall* InsertStringWide)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, const wchar_t* wszText);
+	void(__fastcall* InsertStringAnsi)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, const char* text);
+
+	void(__fastcall* SelectNone)(vgui_BaseRichText* self);
+	void(__fastcall* SelectAllText)(vgui_BaseRichText* self);
+	void(__fastcall* SelectNoText)(vgui_BaseRichText* self);
+	void(__fastcall* CutSelected)(vgui_BaseRichText* self);
+	void(__fastcall* CopySelected)(vgui_BaseRichText* self);
+	void(__fastcall* SetPanelInteractive)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, bool bInteractive);
+	void(__fastcall* SetUnusedScrollbarInvisible)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, bool bInvis);
+
+	void* unknown2;
+
+	void(__fastcall* GotoTextStart)(vgui_BaseRichText* self);
+	void(__fastcall* GotoTextEnd)(vgui_BaseRichText* self);
+
+	void* unknown3[3];
+
+	void(__fastcall* SetVerticalScrollbar)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, bool state);
+	void(__fastcall* SetMaximumCharCount)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, int maxChars);
+	void(__fastcall* InsertColorChange)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, Color col);
+	void(__fastcall* InsertIndentChange)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, int pixelsIndent);
+	void(__fastcall* InsertClickableTextStart)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, const char* pchClickAction);
+	void(__fastcall* InsertClickableTextEnd)(vgui_BaseRichText* self);
+	void(__fastcall* InsertPossibleURLString)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, const char* text, Color URLTextColor, Color normalTextColor);
+	void(__fastcall* InsertFade)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, float flSustain, float flLength);
+	void(__fastcall* ResetAllFades)(vgui_BaseRichText* self, bool bHold, bool bOnlyExpired, float flNewSustain);
+	void(__fastcall* SetToFullHeight)(vgui_BaseRichText* self);
+	int(__fastcall* GetNumLines)(vgui_BaseRichText* self);
+};
+
+class CGameSettings
+{
+public:
+	char unknown1[92];
+	int isChatEnabled;
+};
+
+// Not sure what this actually refers to but chatFadeLength and chatFadeSustain
+// have their value at the same offset
+class CGameFloatVar
+{
+public:
+	char unknown1[88];
+	float value;
+};
+
+CGameSettings** gGameSettings;
+CGameFloatVar** gChatFadeLength;
+CGameFloatVar** gChatFadeSustain;
+
+CHudChat** CHudChat::allHuds;
+
+typedef void(__fastcall* ConvertANSIToUnicodeType)(LPCSTR ansi, int ansiCharLength, LPWSTR unicode, int unicodeCharLength);
+ConvertANSIToUnicodeType ConvertANSIToUnicode;
+
+LocalChatWriter::SwatchColor swatchColors[4] = {
+	LocalChatWriter::MainTextColor,
+	LocalChatWriter::SameTeamNameColor,
+	LocalChatWriter::EnemyTeamNameColor,
+	LocalChatWriter::NetworkNameColor,
+};
+
+Color darkColors[8] = {
+	Color {0, 0, 0, 255},
+	Color {205, 49, 49, 255},
+	Color {13, 188, 121, 255},
+	Color {229, 229, 16, 255},
+	Color {36, 114, 200, 255},
+	Color {188, 63, 188, 255},
+	Color {17, 168, 205, 255},
+	Color {229, 229, 229, 255}};
+
+Color lightColors[8] = {
+	Color {102, 102, 102, 255},
+	Color {241, 76, 76, 255},
+	Color {35, 209, 139, 255},
+	Color {245, 245, 67, 255},
+	Color {59, 142, 234, 255},
+	Color {214, 112, 214, 255},
+	Color {41, 184, 219, 255},
+	Color {255, 255, 255, 255}};
+
+class AnsiEscapeParser
+{
+public:
+	explicit AnsiEscapeParser(LocalChatWriter* writer) : m_writer(writer) {}
+
+	void HandleVal(unsigned long val)
+	{
+		switch (m_next)
+		{
+		case Next::ControlType:
+			m_next = HandleControlType(val);
+			break;
+		case Next::ForegroundType:
+			m_next = HandleForegroundType(val);
+			break;
+		case Next::Foreground8Bit:
+			m_next = HandleForeground8Bit(val);
+			break;
+		case Next::ForegroundR:
+			m_next = HandleForegroundR(val);
+			break;
+		case Next::ForegroundG:
+			m_next = HandleForegroundG(val);
+			break;
+		case Next::ForegroundB:
+			m_next = HandleForegroundB(val);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+private:
+	enum class Next
+	{
+		ControlType,
+		ForegroundType,
+		Foreground8Bit,
+		ForegroundR,
+		ForegroundG,
+		ForegroundB
+	};
+
+	LocalChatWriter* m_writer;
+	Next m_next = Next::ControlType;
+	Color m_expandedColor {0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+	Next HandleControlType(unsigned long val)
+	{
+		// Reset
+		if (val == 0 || val == 39)
+		{
+			m_writer->InsertSwatchColorChange(LocalChatWriter::MainTextColor);
+			return Next::ControlType;
+		}
+
+		// Dark foreground color
+		if (val >= 30 && val < 38)
+		{
+			m_writer->InsertColorChange(darkColors[val - 30]);
+			return Next::ControlType;
+		}
+
+		// Light foreground color
+		if (val >= 90 && val < 98)
+		{
+			m_writer->InsertColorChange(lightColors[val - 90]);
+			return Next::ControlType;
+		}
+
+		// Game swatch color
+		if (val >= 110 && val < 114)
+		{
+			m_writer->InsertSwatchColorChange(swatchColors[val - 110]);
+			return Next::ControlType;
+		}
+
+		// Expanded foreground color
+		if (val == 38)
+		{
+			return Next::ForegroundType;
+		}
+
+		return Next::ControlType;
+	}
+
+	Next HandleForegroundType(unsigned long val)
+	{
+		// Next values are r,g,b
+		if (val == 2)
+		{
+			m_expandedColor.SetColor(0, 0, 0, 255);
+			return Next::ForegroundR;
+		}
+		// Next value is 8-bit swatch color
+		if (val == 5)
+		{
+			return Next::Foreground8Bit;
+		}
+
+		// Invalid
+		return Next::ControlType;
+	}
+
+	Next HandleForeground8Bit(unsigned long val)
+	{
+		if (val < 8)
+		{
+			m_writer->InsertColorChange(darkColors[val]);
+		}
+		else if (val < 16)
+		{
+			m_writer->InsertColorChange(lightColors[val - 8]);
+		}
+		else if (val < 232)
+		{
+			unsigned char code = val - 16;
+			unsigned char blue = code % 6;
+			unsigned char green = ((code - blue) / 6) % 6;
+			unsigned char red = (code - blue - (green * 6)) / 36;
+			m_writer->InsertColorChange(Color {(unsigned char)(red * 51), (unsigned char)(green * 51), (unsigned char)(blue * 51), 255});
+		}
+		else if (val < UCHAR_MAX)
+		{
+			unsigned char brightness = (val - 232) * 10 + 8;
+			m_writer->InsertColorChange(Color {brightness, brightness, brightness, 255});
+		}
+
+		return Next::ControlType;
+	}
+
+	Next HandleForegroundR(unsigned long val)
+	{
+		if (val >= UCHAR_MAX)
+			return Next::ControlType;
+
+		m_expandedColor[0] = (unsigned char)val;
+		return Next::ForegroundG;
+	}
+
+	Next HandleForegroundG(unsigned long val)
+	{
+		if (val >= UCHAR_MAX)
+			return Next::ControlType;
+
+		m_expandedColor[1] = (unsigned char)val;
+		return Next::ForegroundB;
+	}
+
+	Next HandleForegroundB(unsigned long val)
+	{
+		if (val >= UCHAR_MAX)
+			return Next::ControlType;
+
+		m_expandedColor[2] = (unsigned char)val;
+		m_writer->InsertColorChange(m_expandedColor);
+		return Next::ControlType;
+	}
+};
+
+LocalChatWriter::LocalChatWriter(Context context) : m_context(context) {}
+
+void LocalChatWriter::Write(const char* str)
+{
+	char writeBuffer[256];
+
+	while (true)
+	{
+		const char* startOfEscape = strstr(str, "\033[");
+
+		if (startOfEscape == NULL)
+		{
+			// No more escape sequences, write the remaining text and exit
+			InsertText(str);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (startOfEscape != str)
+		{
+			// There is some text before the escape sequence, just print that
+			size_t copyChars = startOfEscape - str;
+			if (copyChars > 255)
+				copyChars = 255;
+
+			strncpy_s(writeBuffer, copyChars + 1, str, copyChars);
+
+			InsertText(writeBuffer);
+		}
+
+		const char* escape = startOfEscape + 2;
+		str = ApplyAnsiEscape(escape);
+	}
+}
+
+void LocalChatWriter::WriteLine(const char* str)
+{
+	InsertChar(L'\n');
+	InsertSwatchColorChange(MainTextColor);
+	Write(str);
+}
+
+void LocalChatWriter::InsertChar(wchar_t ch)
+{
+	for (CHudChat* hud = *CHudChat::allHuds; hud != NULL; hud = hud->next)
+	{
+		if (hud->m_unknownContext != (int)m_context)
+			continue;
+
+		hud->m_richText->vtable->InsertChar(hud->m_richText, ch);
+	}
+
+	if (ch != L'\n')
+	{
+		InsertDefaultFade();
+	}
+}
+
+void LocalChatWriter::InsertText(const char* str)
+{
+	spdlog::info(str);
+
+	WCHAR messageUnicode[288];
+	ConvertANSIToUnicode(str, -1, messageUnicode, 274);
+
+	for (CHudChat* hud = *CHudChat::allHuds; hud != NULL; hud = hud->next)
+	{
+		if (hud->m_unknownContext != (int)m_context)
+			continue;
+
+		hud->m_richText->vtable->InsertStringWide(hud->m_richText, messageUnicode);
+	}
+
+	InsertDefaultFade();
+}
+
+void LocalChatWriter::InsertText(const wchar_t* str)
+{
+	for (CHudChat* hud = *CHudChat::allHuds; hud != NULL; hud = hud->next)
+	{
+		if (hud->m_unknownContext != (int)m_context)
+			continue;
+
+		hud->m_richText->vtable->InsertStringWide(hud->m_richText, str);
+	}
+
+	InsertDefaultFade();
+}
+
+void LocalChatWriter::InsertColorChange(Color color)
+{
+	for (CHudChat* hud = *CHudChat::allHuds; hud != NULL; hud = hud->next)
+	{
+		if (hud->m_unknownContext != (int)m_context)
+			continue;
+
+		hud->m_richText->vtable->InsertColorChange(hud->m_richText, color);
+	}
+}
+
+static Color GetHudSwatchColor(CHudChat* hud, LocalChatWriter::SwatchColor swatchColor)
+{
+	switch (swatchColor)
+	{
+	case LocalChatWriter::MainTextColor:
+		return hud->m_mainTextColor;
+
+	case LocalChatWriter::SameTeamNameColor:
+		return hud->m_sameTeamColor;
+
+	case LocalChatWriter::EnemyTeamNameColor:
+		return hud->m_enemyTeamColor;
+
+	case LocalChatWriter::NetworkNameColor:
+		return hud->m_networkNameColor;
+	}
+
+	return Color(0, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+void LocalChatWriter::InsertSwatchColorChange(SwatchColor swatchColor)
+{
+	for (CHudChat* hud = *CHudChat::allHuds; hud != NULL; hud = hud->next)
+	{
+		if (hud->m_unknownContext != (int)m_context)
+			continue;
+		hud->m_richText->vtable->InsertColorChange(hud->m_richText, GetHudSwatchColor(hud, swatchColor));
+	}
+}
+
+const char* LocalChatWriter::ApplyAnsiEscape(const char* escape)
+{
+	AnsiEscapeParser decoder(this);
+	while (true)
+	{
+		char* afterControlType = NULL;
+		unsigned long controlType = strtoul(escape, &afterControlType, 10);
+
+		// Malformed cases:
+		// afterControlType = NULL: strtoul errored
+		// controlType = 0 and escape doesn't actually start with 0: wasn't a number
+		if (afterControlType == NULL || (controlType == 0 && escape[0] != '0'))
+		{
+			return escape;
+		}
+
+		decoder.HandleVal(controlType);
+
+		// m indicates the end of the sequence
+		if (afterControlType[0] == 'm')
+		{
+			return afterControlType + 1;
+		}
+
+		// : or ; indicates more values remain, anything else is malformed
+		if (afterControlType[0] != ':' && afterControlType[0] != ';')
+		{
+			return afterControlType;
+		}
+
+		escape = afterControlType + 1;
+	}
+}
+
+void LocalChatWriter::InsertDefaultFade()
+{
+	float fadeLength = 0.f;
+	float fadeSustain = 0.f;
+	if ((*gGameSettings)->isChatEnabled)
+	{
+		fadeLength = (*gChatFadeLength)->value;
+		fadeSustain = (*gChatFadeSustain)->value;
+	}
+
+	for (CHudChat* hud = *CHudChat::allHuds; hud != NULL; hud = hud->next)
+	{
+		if (hud->m_unknownContext != (int)m_context)
+			continue;
+		hud->m_richText->vtable->InsertFade(hud->m_richText, fadeSustain, fadeLength);
+	}
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT("client.dll", LocalChatWriter, (CModule module))
+{
+	gGameSettings = module.Offset(0x11BAA48).RCast<CGameSettings**>();
+	gChatFadeLength = module.Offset(0x11BAB78).RCast<CGameFloatVar**>();
+	gChatFadeSustain = module.Offset(0x11BAC08).RCast<CGameFloatVar**>();
+	CHudChat::allHuds = module.Offset(0x11BA9E8).RCast<CHudChat**>();
+
+	ConvertANSIToUnicode = module.Offset(0x7339A0).RCast<ConvertANSIToUnicodeType>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/localchatwriter.h b/primedev/client/localchatwriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..acf6f87e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/localchatwriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "core/math/color.h"
+
+class vgui_BaseRichText;
+
+class CHudChat
+{
+public:
+	static CHudChat** allHuds;
+
+	char unknown1[720];
+
+	Color m_sameTeamColor;
+	Color m_enemyTeamColor;
+	Color m_mainTextColor;
+	Color m_networkNameColor;
+
+	char unknown2[12];
+
+	int m_unknownContext;
+
+	char unknown3[8];
+
+	vgui_BaseRichText* m_richText;
+
+	CHudChat* next;
+	CHudChat* previous;
+};
+
+class LocalChatWriter
+{
+public:
+	enum Context
+	{
+		NetworkContext = 0,
+		GameContext = 1
+	};
+	enum SwatchColor
+	{
+		MainTextColor,
+		SameTeamNameColor,
+		EnemyTeamNameColor,
+		NetworkNameColor
+	};
+
+	explicit LocalChatWriter(Context context);
+
+	// Custom chat writing with ANSI escape codes
+	void Write(const char* str);
+	void WriteLine(const char* str);
+
+	// Low-level RichText access
+	void InsertChar(wchar_t ch);
+	void InsertText(const char* str);
+	void InsertText(const wchar_t* str);
+	void InsertColorChange(Color color);
+	void InsertSwatchColorChange(SwatchColor color);
+
+private:
+	Context m_context;
+
+	const char* ApplyAnsiEscape(const char* escape);
+	void InsertDefaultFade();
+};
diff --git a/primedev/client/modlocalisation.cpp b/primedev/client/modlocalisation.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b73876b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/modlocalisation.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+void* g_pVguiLocalize;
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CLocalize__AddFile, localize.dll + 0x6D80,
+bool, __fastcall, (void* pVguiLocalize, const char* path, const char* pathId, bool bIncludeFallbackSearchPaths))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// save this for later
+	g_pVguiLocalize = pVguiLocalize;
+
+	bool ret = CLocalize__AddFile(pVguiLocalize, path, pathId, bIncludeFallbackSearchPaths);
+	if (ret)
+		spdlog::info("Loaded localisation file {} successfully", path);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CLocalize__ReloadLocalizationFiles, localize.dll + 0xB830,
+void, __fastcall, (void* pVguiLocalize))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// load all mod localization manually, so we keep track of all files, not just previously loaded ones
+	for (Mod mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+		if (mod.m_bEnabled)
+			for (std::string& localisationFile : mod.LocalisationFiles)
+				CLocalize__AddFile(g_pVguiLocalize, localisationFile.c_str(), nullptr, false);
+
+	spdlog::info("reloading localization...");
+	CLocalize__ReloadLocalizationFiles(pVguiLocalize);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CEngineVGui__Init, engine.dll + 0x247E10,
+void, __fastcall, (void* self))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	CEngineVGui__Init(self); // this loads r1_english, valve_english, dev_english
+
+	// previously we did this in CLocalize::AddFile, but for some reason it won't properly overwrite localization from
+	// files loaded previously if done there, very weird but this works so whatever
+	for (Mod mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+		if (mod.m_bEnabled)
+			for (std::string& localisationFile : mod.LocalisationFiles)
+				CLocalize__AddFile(g_pVguiLocalize, localisationFile.c_str(), nullptr, false);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT("localize.dll", Localize, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/r2client.cpp b/primedev/client/r2client.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c8e59d74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/r2client.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#include "r2client.h"
+
+char* g_pLocalPlayerUserID;
+char* g_pLocalPlayerOriginToken;
+GetBaseLocalClientType GetBaseLocalClient;
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", R2EngineClient, (CModule module))
+{
+	g_pLocalPlayerUserID = module.Offset(0x13F8E688).RCast<char*>();
+	g_pLocalPlayerOriginToken = module.Offset(0x13979C80).RCast<char*>();
+
+	GetBaseLocalClient = module.Offset(0x78200).RCast<GetBaseLocalClientType>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/client/r2client.h b/primedev/client/r2client.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ea263dbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/r2client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+extern char* g_pLocalPlayerUserID;
+extern char* g_pLocalPlayerOriginToken;
+
+typedef void* (*GetBaseLocalClientType)();
+extern GetBaseLocalClientType GetBaseLocalClient;
diff --git a/primedev/client/rejectconnectionfixes.cpp b/primedev/client/rejectconnectionfixes.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1b326a3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/client/rejectconnectionfixes.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"

+

+AUTOHOOK_INIT()

+

+// this is called from  when our connection is rejected, this is the only case we're hooking this for

+// clang-format off

+AUTOHOOK(COM_ExplainDisconnection, engine.dll + 0x1342F0,

+void,, (bool a1, const char* fmt, ...))

+// clang-format on

+{

+	va_list va;

+	va_start(va, fmt);

+	char buf[4096];

+	vsnprintf_s(buf, 4096, fmt, va);

+	va_end(va);

+

+	// slightly hacky comparison, but patching the function that calls this for reject would be worse

+	if (!strncmp(fmt, "Connection rejected: ", 21))

+	{

+		// when COM_ExplainDisconnection is called from engine.dll + 19ff1c for connection rejected, it doesn't

+		// call Host_Disconnect, which properly shuts down listen server

+		// not doing this gets our client in a pretty weird state so we need to shut it down manually here

+

+		// don't call Cbuf_Execute because we don't need this called immediately

+		Cbuf_AddText(Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer(), "disconnect", cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode);

+	}

+

+	return COM_ExplainDisconnection(a1, "%s", buf);

+}

+

+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT("engine.dll", RejectConnectionFixes, (CModule module))

+{

+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()

+}

diff --git a/primedev/cmake/Findlibcurl.cmake b/primedev/cmake/Findlibcurl.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e158b95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/cmake/Findlibcurl.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+
+
+if (NOT libcurl_FOUND)
+	check_init_submodule(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/primedev/thirdparty/libcurl)
+
+	set(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OFF CACHE BOOL "Build shared libraries")
+	set(BUILD_CURL_EXE OFF CACHE BOOL "Build curl EXE")
+	set(HTTP_ONLY ON CACHE BOOL "Only build HTTP and HTTPS")
+	set(CURL_ENABLE_SSL ON CACHE BOOL "Enable SSL support")
+	set(CURL_USE_OPENSSL OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable OpenSSL")
+	set(CURL_USE_LIBSSH2 OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable libSSH2")
+	set(CURL_USE_SCHANNEL ON CACHE BOOL "Enable Secure Channel")
+	set(CURL_CA_BUNDLE "none" CACHE STRING "Disable CA Bundle")
+	set(CURL_CA_PATH "none" CACHE STRING "Disable CA Path")
+
+	add_subdirectory(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/primedev/thirdparty/libcurl libcurl)
+	set(libcurl_FOUND 1 PARENT_SCOPE)
+endif()
diff --git a/primedev/cmake/Findminhook.cmake b/primedev/cmake/Findminhook.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aaf66c92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/cmake/Findminhook.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+if(NOT minhook_FOUND)
+	check_init_submodule(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/primedev/thirdparty/minhook)
+
+	add_subdirectory(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/primedev/thirdparty/minhook minhook)
+	set(minhook_FOUND 1)
+endif()
diff --git a/primedev/cmake/Findminizip.cmake b/primedev/cmake/Findminizip.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ab48656a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/cmake/Findminizip.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+
+if(NOT minizip_FOUND)
+	check_init_submodule(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/primedev/thirdparty/minizip)
+
+	set(MZ_ZLIB ON CACHE BOOL "Enable ZLIB compression, needed for DEFLATE")
+	set(MZ_BZIP2 OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable BZIP2 compression")
+	set(MZ_LZMA OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable LZMA & XZ compression")
+	set(MZ_PKCRYPT OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable PKWARE traditional encryption")
+	set(MZ_WZAES OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable WinZIP AES encryption")
+	set(MZ_ZSTD OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable ZSTD compression")
+	set(MZ_SIGNING OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable zip signing support")
+
+	add_subdirectory(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/primedev/thirdparty/minizip minizip)
+	set(minizip_FOUND 1 PARENT_SCOPE)
+endif()
+
diff --git a/primedev/cmake/Findspdlog.cmake b/primedev/cmake/Findspdlog.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..81596762
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/cmake/Findspdlog.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+
+if(NOT spdlog_FOUND)
+	check_init_submodule(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog)
+
+	add_subdirectory(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog spdlog)
+	set(spdlog_FOUND 1)
+endif()
diff --git a/primedev/cmake/utils.cmake b/primedev/cmake/utils.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d8450551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/cmake/utils.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+
+# Check if a dependency exist before trying to init git submodules
+function(check_init_submodule path)
+    file(GLOB DIR_CONTENT "${path}/*")
+    list(LENGTH DIR_CONTENT CONTENT_COUNT)
+    if (CONTENT_COUNT EQUAL 0)
+        if (NOT EXISTS "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/.git")
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to find third party dependency in '${path}'")
+        endif()
+
+        find_package(Git QUIET)
+        if (NOT Git_FOUND)
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to find Git, third party dependency could not be setup at `${path}")
+        endif()
+
+        message(STATUS "Setting up dependencies as git submodules")
+        execute_process(COMMAND ${GIT_EXECUTABLE} submodule update --init --recursive
+                        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+                        RESULT_VARIABLE GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT)
+
+        if(NOT GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT EQUAL "0")
+            message(FATAL_ERROR "Initializing Git submodules failed with ${GIT_SUBMOD_RESULT}")
+        endif()
+    endif()
+endfunction()
diff --git a/primedev/config/profile.cpp b/primedev/config/profile.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d5361efa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/config/profile.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include "config/profile.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+#include <string>
+
+std::string GetNorthstarPrefix()
+{
+	return NORTHSTAR_FOLDER_PREFIX;
+}
+
+void InitialiseNorthstarPrefix()
+{
+	char* clachar = strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-profile=");
+	if (clachar)
+	{
+		std::string cla = std::string(clachar);
+		if (strncmp(cla.substr(9, 1).c_str(), "\"", 1))
+		{
+			int space = cla.find(" ");
+			std::string dirname = cla.substr(9, space - 9);
+			NORTHSTAR_FOLDER_PREFIX = dirname;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			std::string quote = "\"";
+			int quote1 = cla.find(quote);
+			int quote2 = (cla.substr(quote1 + 1)).find(quote);
+			std::string dirname = cla.substr(quote1 + 1, quote2);
+			NORTHSTAR_FOLDER_PREFIX = dirname;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		NORTHSTAR_FOLDER_PREFIX = "R2Northstar";
+	}
+
+	// set the console title to show the current profile
+	// dont do this on dedi as title contains useful information on dedi and setting title breaks it as well
+	if (!IsDedicatedServer())
+		SetConsoleTitleA((std::string("NorthstarLauncher | ") + NORTHSTAR_FOLDER_PREFIX).c_str());
+}
diff --git a/primedev/config/profile.h b/primedev/config/profile.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f3087fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/config/profile.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+
+static std::string NORTHSTAR_FOLDER_PREFIX;
+
+void InitialiseNorthstarPrefix();
+std::string GetNorthstarPrefix();
diff --git a/primedev/core/convar/concommand.cpp b/primedev/core/convar/concommand.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..41f54c76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/convar/concommand.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#include "concommand.h"
+#include "shared/misccommands.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+
+#include "plugins/pluginbackend.h"
+#include "plugins/plugin_abi.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns true if this is a command
+// Output : bool
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConCommand::IsCommand(void) const
+{
+	return true;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns true if this is a command
+// Output : bool
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConCommandBase::IsCommand(void) const
+{
+	return true;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Has this cvar been registered
+// Output : Returns true on success, false on failure.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConCommandBase::IsRegistered(void) const
+{
+	return m_bRegistered;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Test each ConCommand query before execution.
+// Input  : *pCommandBase - nFlags
+// Output : False if execution is permitted, true if not.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConCommandBase::IsFlagSet(int nFlags) const
+{
+	return m_nFlags & nFlags;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Checks if ConCommand has requested flags.
+// Input  : nFlags -
+// Output : True if ConCommand has nFlags.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConCommandBase::HasFlags(int nFlags)
+{
+	return m_nFlags & nFlags;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Add's flags to ConCommand.
+// Input  : nFlags -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void ConCommandBase::AddFlags(int nFlags)
+{
+	m_nFlags |= nFlags;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Removes flags from ConCommand.
+// Input  : nFlags -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void ConCommandBase::RemoveFlags(int nFlags)
+{
+	m_nFlags &= ~nFlags;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns current flags.
+// Output : int
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+int ConCommandBase::GetFlags(void) const
+{
+	return m_nFlags;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+// Output : const ConCommandBase
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ConCommandBase* ConCommandBase::GetNext(void) const
+{
+	return m_pNext;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns the ConCommandBase help text.
+// Output : const char*
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const char* ConCommandBase::GetHelpText(void) const
+{
+	return m_pszHelpString;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Copies string using local new/delete operators
+// Input  : *szFrom -
+// Output : char
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+char* ConCommandBase::CopyString(const char* szFrom) const
+{
+	size_t nLen;
+	char* szTo;
+
+	nLen = strlen(szFrom);
+	if (nLen <= 0)
+	{
+		szTo = new char[1];
+		szTo[0] = 0;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		szTo = new char[nLen + 1];
+		memmove(szTo, szFrom, nLen + 1);
+	}
+	return szTo;
+}
+
+typedef void (*ConCommandConstructorType)(
+	ConCommand* newCommand, const char* name, FnCommandCallback_t callback, const char* helpString, int flags, void* parent);
+ConCommandConstructorType ConCommandConstructor;
+
+void RegisterConCommand(const char* name, FnCommandCallback_t callback, const char* helpString, int flags)
+{
+	spdlog::info("Registering ConCommand {}", name);
+
+	// no need to free this ever really, it should exist as long as game does
+	ConCommand* newCommand = new ConCommand;
+	ConCommandConstructor(newCommand, name, callback, helpString, flags, nullptr);
+}
+
+void RegisterConCommand(
+	const char* name, FnCommandCallback_t callback, const char* helpString, int flags, FnCommandCompletionCallback completionCallback)
+{
+	spdlog::info("Registering ConCommand {}", name);
+
+	// no need to free this ever really, it should exist as long as game does
+	ConCommand* newCommand = new ConCommand;
+	ConCommandConstructor(newCommand, name, callback, helpString, flags, nullptr);
+	newCommand->m_pCompletionCallback = completionCallback;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", ConCommand, (CModule module))
+{
+	ConCommandConstructor = module.Offset(0x415F60).RCast<ConCommandConstructorType>();
+	AddMiscConCommands();
+
+	g_pPluginCommunicationhandler->m_sEngineData.ConCommandConstructor =
+		reinterpret_cast<PluginConCommandConstructorType>(ConCommandConstructor);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/core/convar/concommand.h b/primedev/core/convar/concommand.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..71a82fec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/convar/concommand.h
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// From Source SDK
+class ConCommandBase;
+class IConCommandBaseAccessor
+{
+public:
+	// Flags is a combination of FCVAR flags in cvar.h.
+	// hOut is filled in with a handle to the variable.
+	virtual bool RegisterConCommandBase(ConCommandBase* pVar) = 0;
+};
+
+class CCommand
+{
+public:
+	CCommand() = delete;
+
+	int64_t ArgC() const;
+	const char** ArgV() const;
+	const char* ArgS() const; // All args that occur after the 0th arg, in string form
+	const char* GetCommandString() const; // The entire command in string form, including the 0th arg
+	const char* operator[](int nIndex) const; // Gets at arguments
+	const char* Arg(int nIndex) const; // Gets at arguments
+
+	static int MaxCommandLength();
+
+private:
+	enum
+	{
+		COMMAND_MAX_ARGC = 64,
+		COMMAND_MAX_LENGTH = 512,
+	};
+
+	int64_t m_nArgc;
+	int64_t m_nArgv0Size;
+	char m_pArgSBuffer[COMMAND_MAX_LENGTH];
+	char m_pArgvBuffer[COMMAND_MAX_LENGTH];
+	const char* m_ppArgv[COMMAND_MAX_ARGC];
+};
+
+inline int CCommand::MaxCommandLength()
+{
+	return COMMAND_MAX_LENGTH - 1;
+}
+inline int64_t CCommand::ArgC() const
+{
+	return m_nArgc;
+}
+inline const char** CCommand::ArgV() const
+{
+	return m_nArgc ? (const char**)m_ppArgv : NULL;
+}
+inline const char* CCommand::ArgS() const
+{
+	return m_nArgv0Size ? &m_pArgSBuffer[m_nArgv0Size] : "";
+}
+inline const char* CCommand::GetCommandString() const
+{
+	return m_nArgc ? m_pArgSBuffer : "";
+}
+inline const char* CCommand::Arg(int nIndex) const
+{
+	// FIXME: Many command handlers appear to not be particularly careful
+	// about checking for valid argc range. For now, we're going to
+	// do the extra check and return an empty string if it's out of range
+	if (nIndex < 0 || nIndex >= m_nArgc)
+		return "";
+	return m_ppArgv[nIndex];
+}
+inline const char* CCommand::operator[](int nIndex) const
+{
+	return Arg(nIndex);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Called when a ConCommand needs to execute
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+typedef void (*FnCommandCallback_t)(const CCommand& command);
+
+#define COMMAND_COMPLETION_MAXITEMS 64
+#define COMMAND_COMPLETION_ITEM_LENGTH 128
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Returns 0 to COMMAND_COMPLETION_MAXITEMS worth of completion strings
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+typedef int (*FnCommandCompletionCallback)(const char* partial, char commands[COMMAND_COMPLETION_MAXITEMS][COMMAND_COMPLETION_ITEM_LENGTH]);
+
+// From r5reloaded
+class ConCommandBase
+{
+public:
+	bool HasFlags(int nFlags);
+	void AddFlags(int nFlags);
+	void RemoveFlags(int nFlags);
+
+	bool IsCommand(void) const;
+	bool IsRegistered(void) const;
+	bool IsFlagSet(int nFlags) const;
+	static bool IsFlagSet(ConCommandBase* pCommandBase, int nFlags); // For hooking to engine's implementation.
+
+	int GetFlags(void) const;
+	ConCommandBase* GetNext(void) const;
+	const char* GetHelpText(void) const;
+
+	char* CopyString(const char* szFrom) const;
+
+	void* m_pConCommandBaseVTable; // 0x0000
+	ConCommandBase* m_pNext; // 0x0008
+	bool m_bRegistered; // 0x0010
+	char pad_0011[7]; // 0x0011 <- 3 bytes padding + unk int32.
+	const char* m_pszName; // 0x0018
+	const char* m_pszHelpString; // 0x0020
+	int m_nFlags; // 0x0028
+	ConCommandBase* s_pConCommandBases; // 0x002C
+	IConCommandBaseAccessor* s_pAccessor; // 0x0034
+}; // Size: 0x0040
+
+// taken from ttf2sdk
+class ConCommand : public ConCommandBase
+{
+	friend class CCVar;
+
+public:
+	ConCommand(void) {}; // !TODO: Rebuild engine constructor in SDK instead.
+	ConCommand(const char* szName, const char* szHelpString, int nFlags, void* pCallback, void* pCommandCompletionCallback);
+	void Init(void);
+	bool IsCommand(void) const;
+
+	FnCommandCallback_t m_pCommandCallback {}; // 0x0040 <- starts from 0x40 since we inherit ConCommandBase.
+	FnCommandCompletionCallback m_pCompletionCallback {}; // 0x0048 <- defaults to sub_180417410 ('xor eax, eax').
+	int m_nCallbackFlags {}; // 0x0050
+	char pad_0054[4]; // 0x0054
+	int unk0; // 0x0058
+	int unk1; // 0x005C
+}; // Size: 0x0060
+
+void RegisterConCommand(const char* name, void (*callback)(const CCommand&), const char* helpString, int flags);
+void RegisterConCommand(
+	const char* name, void (*callback)(const CCommand&), const char* helpString, int flags, FnCommandCompletionCallback completionCallback);
diff --git a/primedev/core/convar/convar.cpp b/primedev/core/convar/convar.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e77ae1fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/convar/convar.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,534 @@
+#include "bits.h"
+#include "cvar.h"
+#include "convar.h"
+#include "core/sourceinterface.h"
+
+#include "plugins/pluginbackend.h"
+#include "plugins/plugin_abi.h"
+
+#include <float.h>
+
+typedef void (*ConVarRegisterType)(
+	ConVar* pConVar,
+	const char* pszName,
+	const char* pszDefaultValue,
+	int nFlags,
+	const char* pszHelpString,
+	bool bMin,
+	float fMin,
+	bool bMax,
+	float fMax,
+	void* pCallback);
+ConVarRegisterType conVarRegister;
+
+typedef void (*ConVarMallocType)(void* pConVarMaloc, int a2, int a3);
+ConVarMallocType conVarMalloc;
+
+void* g_pConVar_Vtable = nullptr;
+void* g_pIConVar_Vtable = nullptr;
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: ConVar interface initialization
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	conVarMalloc = module.Offset(0x415C20).RCast<ConVarMallocType>();
+	conVarRegister = module.Offset(0x417230).RCast<ConVarRegisterType>();
+
+	g_pConVar_Vtable = module.Offset(0x67FD28);
+	g_pIConVar_Vtable = module.Offset(0x67FDC8);
+
+	g_pCVarInterface = new SourceInterface<CCvar>("vstdlib.dll", "VEngineCvar007");
+	g_pCVar = *g_pCVarInterface;
+
+	g_pPluginCommunicationhandler->m_sEngineData.conVarMalloc = reinterpret_cast<PluginConVarMallocType>(conVarMalloc);
+	g_pPluginCommunicationhandler->m_sEngineData.conVarRegister = reinterpret_cast<PluginConVarRegisterType>(conVarRegister);
+	g_pPluginCommunicationhandler->m_sEngineData.ConVar_Vtable = reinterpret_cast<void*>(g_pConVar_Vtable);
+	g_pPluginCommunicationhandler->m_sEngineData.IConVar_Vtable = reinterpret_cast<void*>(g_pIConVar_Vtable);
+	g_pPluginCommunicationhandler->m_sEngineData.g_pCVar = reinterpret_cast<void*>(g_pCVar);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: constructor
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ConVar::ConVar(const char* pszName, const char* pszDefaultValue, int nFlags, const char* pszHelpString)
+{
+	spdlog::info("Registering Convar {}", pszName);
+
+	this->m_ConCommandBase.m_pConCommandBaseVTable = g_pConVar_Vtable;
+	this->m_ConCommandBase.s_pConCommandBases = (ConCommandBase*)g_pIConVar_Vtable;
+
+	conVarMalloc(&this->m_pMalloc, 0, 0); // Allocate new memory for ConVar.
+	conVarRegister(this, pszName, pszDefaultValue, nFlags, pszHelpString, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: constructor
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ConVar::ConVar(
+	const char* pszName,
+	const char* pszDefaultValue,
+	int nFlags,
+	const char* pszHelpString,
+	bool bMin,
+	float fMin,
+	bool bMax,
+	float fMax,
+	FnChangeCallback_t pCallback)
+{
+	spdlog::info("Registering Convar {}", pszName);
+
+	this->m_ConCommandBase.m_pConCommandBaseVTable = g_pConVar_Vtable;
+	this->m_ConCommandBase.s_pConCommandBases = (ConCommandBase*)g_pIConVar_Vtable;
+
+	conVarMalloc(&this->m_pMalloc, 0, 0); // Allocate new memory for ConVar.
+	conVarRegister(this, pszName, pszDefaultValue, nFlags, pszHelpString, bMin, fMin, bMax, fMax, (void*)pCallback);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: destructor
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ConVar::~ConVar(void)
+{
+	if (m_Value.m_pszString)
+		delete[] m_Value.m_pszString;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns the base ConVar name.
+// Output : const char*
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const char* ConVar::GetBaseName(void) const
+{
+	return m_ConCommandBase.m_pszName;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns the ConVar help text.
+// Output : const char*
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const char* ConVar::GetHelpText(void) const
+{
+	return m_ConCommandBase.m_pszHelpString;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Add's flags to ConVar.
+// Input  : nFlags -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void ConVar::AddFlags(int nFlags)
+{
+	m_ConCommandBase.m_nFlags |= nFlags;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Removes flags from ConVar.
+// Input  : nFlags -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void ConVar::RemoveFlags(int nFlags)
+{
+	m_ConCommandBase.m_nFlags &= ~nFlags;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Return ConVar value as a boolean.
+// Output : bool
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConVar::GetBool(void) const
+{
+	return !!GetInt();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Return ConVar value as a float.
+// Output : float
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+float ConVar::GetFloat(void) const
+{
+	return m_Value.m_fValue;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Return ConVar value as an integer.
+// Output : int
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+int ConVar::GetInt(void) const
+{
+	return m_Value.m_nValue;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Return ConVar value as a color.
+// Output : Color
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Color ConVar::GetColor(void) const
+{
+	unsigned char* pColorElement = ((unsigned char*)&m_Value.m_nValue);
+	return Color(pColorElement[0], pColorElement[1], pColorElement[2], pColorElement[3]);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Return ConVar value as a string.
+// Output : const char *
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const char* ConVar::GetString(void) const
+{
+	if (m_ConCommandBase.m_nFlags & FCVAR_NEVER_AS_STRING)
+	{
+		return "FCVAR_NEVER_AS_STRING";
+	}
+
+	char const* str = m_Value.m_pszString;
+	return str ? str : "";
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+// Input  : flMinVal -
+// Output : true if there is a min set.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConVar::GetMin(float& flMinVal) const
+{
+	flMinVal = m_fMinVal;
+	return m_bHasMin;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+// Input  : flMaxVal -
+// Output : true if there is a max set.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConVar::GetMax(float& flMaxVal) const
+{
+	flMaxVal = m_fMaxVal;
+	return m_bHasMax;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: returns the min value.
+// Output : float
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+float ConVar::GetMinValue(void) const
+{
+	return m_fMinVal;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: returns the max value.
+// Output : float
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+float ConVar::GetMaxValue(void) const
+{
+	return m_fMaxVal;
+	;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: checks if ConVar has min value.
+// Output : bool
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConVar::HasMin(void) const
+{
+	return m_bHasMin;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: checks if ConVar has max value.
+// Output : bool
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConVar::HasMax(void) const
+{
+	return m_bHasMax;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: sets the ConVar int value.
+// Input  : nValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void ConVar::SetValue(int nValue)
+{
+	if (nValue == m_Value.m_nValue)
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+
+	float flValue = (float)nValue;
+
+	// Check bounds.
+	if (ClampValue(flValue))
+	{
+		nValue = (int)(flValue);
+	}
+
+	// Redetermine value.
+	float flOldValue = m_Value.m_fValue;
+	m_Value.m_fValue = flValue;
+	m_Value.m_nValue = nValue;
+
+	if (!(m_ConCommandBase.m_nFlags & FCVAR_NEVER_AS_STRING))
+	{
+		char szTempValue[32];
+		snprintf(szTempValue, sizeof(szTempValue), "%d", m_Value.m_nValue);
+		ChangeStringValue(szTempValue, flOldValue);
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: sets the ConVar float value.
+// Input  : flValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void ConVar::SetValue(float flValue)
+{
+	if (flValue == m_Value.m_fValue)
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Check bounds.
+	ClampValue(flValue);
+
+	// Redetermine value.
+	float flOldValue = m_Value.m_fValue;
+	m_Value.m_fValue = flValue;
+	m_Value.m_nValue = (int)m_Value.m_fValue;
+
+	if (!(m_ConCommandBase.m_nFlags & FCVAR_NEVER_AS_STRING))
+	{
+		char szTempValue[32];
+		snprintf(szTempValue, sizeof(szTempValue), "%f", m_Value.m_fValue);
+		ChangeStringValue(szTempValue, flOldValue);
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: sets the ConVar string value.
+// Input  : *szValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void ConVar::SetValue(const char* pszValue)
+{
+	if (strcmp(this->m_Value.m_pszString, pszValue) == 0)
+		return;
+
+	char szTempValue[32] {};
+	const char* pszNewValue {};
+
+	float flOldValue = m_Value.m_fValue;
+	pszNewValue = (char*)pszValue;
+	if (!pszNewValue)
+	{
+		pszNewValue = "";
+	}
+
+	if (!SetColorFromString(pszValue))
+	{
+		// Not a color, do the standard thing
+		float flNewValue = (float)atof(pszValue);
+		if (!std::isfinite(flNewValue))
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("Warning: ConVar '{}' = '{}' is infinite, clamping value.\n", GetBaseName(), pszValue);
+			flNewValue = FLT_MAX;
+		}
+
+		if (ClampValue(flNewValue))
+		{
+			snprintf(szTempValue, sizeof(szTempValue), "%f", flNewValue);
+			pszNewValue = szTempValue;
+		}
+
+		// Redetermine value
+		m_Value.m_fValue = flNewValue;
+		m_Value.m_nValue = (int)(m_Value.m_fValue);
+	}
+
+	if (!(m_ConCommandBase.m_nFlags & FCVAR_NEVER_AS_STRING))
+	{
+		ChangeStringValue(pszNewValue, flOldValue);
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: sets the ConVar color value.
+// Input  : clValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void ConVar::SetValue(Color clValue)
+{
+	std::string svResult = "";
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+	{
+		if (!(clValue.GetValue(i) == 0 && svResult.size() == 0))
+		{
+			svResult += std::to_string(clValue.GetValue(i));
+			svResult.append(" ");
+		}
+	}
+
+	this->m_Value.m_pszString = svResult.c_str();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: changes the ConVar string value.
+// Input  : *pszTempVal - flOldValue
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void ConVar::ChangeStringValue(const char* pszTempVal, float flOldValue)
+{
+	assert(!(m_ConCommandBase.m_nFlags & FCVAR_NEVER_AS_STRING));
+
+	char* pszOldValue = (char*)_malloca(m_Value.m_iStringLength);
+	if (pszOldValue != NULL)
+	{
+		memcpy(pszOldValue, m_Value.m_pszString, m_Value.m_iStringLength);
+	}
+
+	if (pszTempVal)
+	{
+		int len = strlen(pszTempVal) + 1;
+
+		if (len > m_Value.m_iStringLength)
+		{
+			if (m_Value.m_pszString)
+				delete[] m_Value.m_pszString;
+
+			m_Value.m_pszString = new char[len];
+			m_Value.m_iStringLength = len;
+		}
+
+		memcpy((char*)m_Value.m_pszString, pszTempVal, len);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		m_Value.m_pszString = NULL;
+	}
+
+	pszOldValue = 0;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: sets the ConVar color value from string.
+// Input  : *pszValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConVar::SetColorFromString(const char* pszValue)
+{
+	bool bColor = false;
+
+	// Try pulling RGBA color values out of the string.
+	int nRGBA[4] {};
+	int nParamsRead = sscanf_s(pszValue, "%i %i %i %i", &(nRGBA[0]), &(nRGBA[1]), &(nRGBA[2]), &(nRGBA[3]));
+
+	if (nParamsRead >= 3)
+	{
+		// This is probably a color!
+		if (nParamsRead == 3)
+		{
+			// Assume they wanted full alpha.
+			nRGBA[3] = 255;
+		}
+
+		if (nRGBA[0] >= 0 && nRGBA[0] <= 255 && nRGBA[1] >= 0 && nRGBA[1] <= 255 && nRGBA[2] >= 0 && nRGBA[2] <= 255 && nRGBA[3] >= 0 &&
+			nRGBA[3] <= 255)
+		{
+			// printf("*** WOW! Found a color!! ***\n");
+
+			// This is definitely a color!
+			bColor = true;
+
+			// Stuff all the values into each byte of our int.
+			unsigned char* pColorElement = ((unsigned char*)&m_Value.m_nValue);
+			pColorElement[0] = nRGBA[0];
+			pColorElement[1] = nRGBA[1];
+			pColorElement[2] = nRGBA[2];
+			pColorElement[3] = nRGBA[3];
+
+			// Copy that value into our float.
+			m_Value.m_fValue = (float)(m_Value.m_nValue);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return bColor;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Checks if ConVar is registered.
+// Output : bool
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConVar::IsRegistered(void) const
+{
+	return m_ConCommandBase.m_bRegistered;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns true if this is a command
+// Output : bool
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConVar::IsCommand(void) const
+{
+	return false;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Test each ConVar query before setting the value.
+// Input  : nFlags
+// Output : False if change is permitted, true if not.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConVar::IsFlagSet(int nFlags) const
+{
+	return m_ConCommandBase.m_nFlags & nFlags;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Check whether to clamp and then perform clamp.
+// Input  : flValue -
+// Output : Returns true if value changed.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool ConVar::ClampValue(float& flValue)
+{
+	if (m_bHasMin && (flValue < m_fMinVal))
+	{
+		flValue = m_fMinVal;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (m_bHasMax && (flValue > m_fMaxVal))
+	{
+		flValue = m_fMaxVal;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+int ParseConVarFlagsString(std::string modName, std::string sFlags)
+{
+	int iFlags = 0;
+	std::stringstream stFlags(sFlags);
+	std::string sFlag;
+
+	while (std::getline(stFlags, sFlag, '|'))
+	{
+		// trim the flag
+		sFlag.erase(sFlag.find_last_not_of(" \t\n\f\v\r") + 1);
+		sFlag.erase(0, sFlag.find_first_not_of(" \t\n\f\v\r"));
+
+		// skip if empty
+		if (sFlag.empty())
+			continue;
+
+		// find the matching flag value
+		bool ok = false;
+		for (auto const& flagPair : g_PrintCommandFlags)
+		{
+			if (sFlag == flagPair.second)
+			{
+				iFlags |= flagPair.first;
+				ok = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		if (!ok)
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("Mod ConCommand {} has unknown flag {}", modName, sFlag);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return iFlags;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/core/convar/convar.h b/primedev/core/convar/convar.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0366b46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/convar/convar.h
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "core/sourceinterface.h"
+#include "core/math/color.h"
+#include "cvar.h"
+#include "concommand.h"
+
+// taken directly from iconvar.h
+
+// The default, no flags at all
+#define FCVAR_NONE 0
+
+// Command to ConVars and ConCommands
+// ConVar Systems
+#define FCVAR_UNREGISTERED (1 << 0) // If this is set, don't add to linked list, etc.
+#define FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY (1 << 1) // Hidden in released products. Flag is removed automatically if ALLOW_DEVELOPMENT_CVARS is defined.
+#define FCVAR_GAMEDLL (1 << 2) // defined by the game DLL
+#define FCVAR_CLIENTDLL (1 << 3) // defined by the client DLL
+#define FCVAR_HIDDEN (1 << 4) // Hidden. Doesn't appear in find or auto complete. Like DEVELOPMENTONLY, but can't be compiled out.
+
+// ConVar only
+#define FCVAR_PROTECTED                                                                                                                    \
+	(1 << 5) // It's a server cvar, but we don't send the data since it's a password, etc.  Sends 1 if it's not bland/zero, 0 otherwise as
+			 // value.
+#define FCVAR_SPONLY (1 << 6) // This cvar cannot be changed by clients connected to a multiplayer server.
+#define FCVAR_ARCHIVE (1 << 7) // set to cause it to be saved to vars.rc
+#define FCVAR_NOTIFY (1 << 8) // notifies players when changed
+#define FCVAR_USERINFO (1 << 9) // changes the client's info string
+
+#define FCVAR_PRINTABLEONLY (1 << 10) // This cvar's string cannot contain unprintable characters ( e.g., used for player name etc ).
+#define FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS                                                                                                   \
+	(1 << 10) // When on concommands this allows remote clients to execute this cmd on the server.
+			  // We are changing the default behavior of concommands to disallow execution by remote clients without
+			  // this flag due to the number existing concommands that can lag or crash the server when clients abuse them.
+
+#define FCVAR_UNLOGGED (1 << 11) // If this is a FCVAR_SERVER, don't log changes to the log file / console if we are creating a log
+#define FCVAR_NEVER_AS_STRING (1 << 12) // never try to print that cvar
+
+// It's a ConVar that's shared between the client and the server.
+// At signon, the values of all such ConVars are sent from the server to the client (skipped for local client, of course )
+// If a change is requested it must come from the console (i.e., no remote client changes)
+// If a value is changed while a server is active, it's replicated to all connected clients
+#define FCVAR_REPLICATED (1 << 13) // server setting enforced on clients, TODO rename to FCAR_SERVER at some time
+#define FCVAR_CHEAT (1 << 14) // Only useable in singleplayer / debug / multiplayer & sv_cheats
+#define FCVAR_SS (1 << 15) // causes varnameN where N == 2 through max splitscreen slots for mod to be autogenerated
+#define FCVAR_DEMO (1 << 16) // record this cvar when starting a demo file
+#define FCVAR_DONTRECORD (1 << 17) // don't record these command in demofiles
+#define FCVAR_SS_ADDED (1 << 18) // This is one of the "added" FCVAR_SS variables for the splitscreen players
+#define FCVAR_RELEASE (1 << 19) // Cvars tagged with this are the only cvars avaliable to customers
+#define FCVAR_RELOAD_MATERIALS (1 << 20) // If this cvar changes, it forces a material reload
+#define FCVAR_RELOAD_TEXTURES (1 << 21) // If this cvar changes, if forces a texture reload
+
+#define FCVAR_NOT_CONNECTED (1 << 22) // cvar cannot be changed by a client that is connected to a server
+#define FCVAR_MATERIAL_SYSTEM_THREAD (1 << 23) // Indicates this cvar is read from the material system thread
+#define FCVAR_ARCHIVE_PLAYERPROFILE (1 << 24) // respawn-defined flag, same as FCVAR_ARCHIVE but writes to profile.cfg
+
+#define FCVAR_SERVER_CAN_EXECUTE                                                                                                           \
+	(1 << 28) // the server is allowed to execute this command on clients via
+			  // ClientCommand/NET_StringCmd/CBaseClientState::ProcessStringCmd.
+#define FCVAR_SERVER_CANNOT_QUERY                                                                                                          \
+	(1 << 29) // If this is set, then the server is not allowed to query this cvar's value (via IServerPluginHelpers::StartQueryCvarValue).
+
+// !!!NOTE!!! : this is likely incorrect, there are multiple concommands that the vanilla game registers with this flag that 100% should not
+// be remotely executable i.e. multiple commands that only exist on client (screenshot, joystick_initialize) we now use
+// FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS in all places this flag was previously used
+#define FCVAR_CLIENTCMD_CAN_EXECUTE                                                                                                        \
+	(1 << 30) // IVEngineClient::ClientCmd is allowed to execute this command.
+			  // Note: IVEngineClient::ClientCmd_Unrestricted can run any client command.
+
+#define FCVAR_ACCESSIBLE_FROM_THREADS (1 << 25) // used as a debugging tool necessary to check material system thread convars
+
+// TODO: could be cool to repurpose these for northstar use somehow?
+// #define FCVAR_AVAILABLE			(1<<26)
+// #define FCVAR_AVAILABLE			(1<<27)
+// #define FCVAR_AVAILABLE			(1<<31)
+
+// flag => string stuff
+const std::multimap<int, const char*> g_PrintCommandFlags = {
+	{FCVAR_UNREGISTERED, "UNREGISTERED"},
+	{FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY, "DEVELOPMENTONLY"},
+	{FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "GAMEDLL"},
+	{FCVAR_CLIENTDLL, "CLIENTDLL"},
+	{FCVAR_HIDDEN, "HIDDEN"},
+	{FCVAR_PROTECTED, "PROTECTED"},
+	{FCVAR_SPONLY, "SPONLY"},
+	{FCVAR_ARCHIVE, "ARCHIVE"},
+	{FCVAR_NOTIFY, "NOTIFY"},
+	{FCVAR_USERINFO, "USERINFO"},
+
+	// TODO: PRINTABLEONLY and GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS are both 1<<10, one is for vars and one is for commands
+	// this fucking sucks i think
+	{FCVAR_PRINTABLEONLY, "PRINTABLEONLY"},
+	{FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS, "GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS"},
+
+	{FCVAR_UNLOGGED, "UNLOGGED"},
+	{FCVAR_NEVER_AS_STRING, "NEVER_AS_STRING"},
+	{FCVAR_REPLICATED, "REPLICATED"},
+	{FCVAR_CHEAT, "CHEAT"},
+	{FCVAR_SS, "SS"},
+	{FCVAR_DEMO, "DEMO"},
+	{FCVAR_DONTRECORD, "DONTRECORD"},
+	{FCVAR_SS_ADDED, "SS_ADDED"},
+	{FCVAR_RELEASE, "RELEASE"},
+	{FCVAR_RELOAD_MATERIALS, "RELOAD_MATERIALS"},
+	{FCVAR_RELOAD_TEXTURES, "RELOAD_TEXTURES"},
+	{FCVAR_NOT_CONNECTED, "NOT_CONNECTED"},
+	{FCVAR_MATERIAL_SYSTEM_THREAD, "MATERIAL_SYSTEM_THREAD"},
+	{FCVAR_ARCHIVE_PLAYERPROFILE, "ARCHIVE_PLAYERPROFILE"},
+	{FCVAR_SERVER_CAN_EXECUTE, "SERVER_CAN_EXECUTE"},
+	{FCVAR_SERVER_CANNOT_QUERY, "SERVER_CANNOT_QUERY"},
+	{FCVAR_CLIENTCMD_CAN_EXECUTE, "UNKNOWN"},
+	{FCVAR_ACCESSIBLE_FROM_THREADS, "ACCESSIBLE_FROM_THREADS"}};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Forward declarations
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class ConCommandBase;
+class ConCommand;
+class ConVar;
+
+typedef void (*FnChangeCallback_t)(ConVar* var, const char* pOldValue, float flOldValue);
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: A console variable
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class ConVar
+{
+public:
+	ConVar(void) {};
+	ConVar(const char* pszName, const char* pszDefaultValue, int nFlags, const char* pszHelpString);
+	ConVar(
+		const char* pszName,
+		const char* pszDefaultValue,
+		int nFlags,
+		const char* pszHelpString,
+		bool bMin,
+		float fMin,
+		bool bMax,
+		float fMax,
+		FnChangeCallback_t pCallback);
+	~ConVar(void);
+
+	const char* GetBaseName(void) const;
+	const char* GetHelpText(void) const;
+
+	void AddFlags(int nFlags);
+	void RemoveFlags(int nFlags);
+
+	bool GetBool(void) const;
+	float GetFloat(void) const;
+	int GetInt(void) const;
+	Color GetColor(void) const;
+	const char* GetString(void) const;
+
+	bool GetMin(float& flMinValue) const;
+	bool GetMax(float& flMaxValue) const;
+	float GetMinValue(void) const;
+	float GetMaxValue(void) const;
+
+	bool HasMin(void) const;
+	bool HasMax(void) const;
+
+	void SetValue(int nValue);
+	void SetValue(float flValue);
+	void SetValue(const char* pszValue);
+	void SetValue(Color clValue);
+
+	void ChangeStringValue(const char* pszTempValue, float flOldValue);
+	bool SetColorFromString(const char* pszValue);
+	bool ClampValue(float& value);
+
+	bool IsRegistered(void) const;
+	bool IsCommand(void) const;
+	bool IsFlagSet(int nFlags) const;
+
+	struct CVValue_t
+	{
+		const char* m_pszString;
+		int64_t m_iStringLength;
+		float m_fValue;
+		int m_nValue;
+	};
+
+	ConCommandBase m_ConCommandBase {}; // 0x0000
+	const char* m_pszDefaultValue {}; // 0x0040
+	CVValue_t m_Value {}; // 0x0048
+	bool m_bHasMin {}; // 0x005C
+	float m_fMinVal {}; // 0x0060
+	bool m_bHasMax {}; // 0x0064
+	float m_fMaxVal {}; // 0x0068
+	void* m_pMalloc {}; // 0x0070
+	char m_pPad80[10] {}; // 0x0080
+}; // Size: 0x0080
+
+int ParseConVarFlagsString(std::string modName, std::string flags);
diff --git a/primedev/core/convar/cvar.cpp b/primedev/core/convar/cvar.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa5f0365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/convar/cvar.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include "cvar.h"
+#include "convar.h"
+#include "concommand.h"
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: returns all ConVars
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::unordered_map<std::string, ConCommandBase*> CCvar::DumpToMap()
+{
+	std::stringstream ss;
+	CCVarIteratorInternal* itint = FactoryInternalIterator(); // Allocate new InternalIterator.
+
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, ConCommandBase*> allConVars;
+
+	for (itint->SetFirst(); itint->IsValid(); itint->Next()) // Loop through all instances.
+	{
+		ConCommandBase* pCommand = itint->Get();
+		const char* pszCommandName = pCommand->m_pszName;
+		allConVars[pszCommandName] = pCommand;
+	}
+
+	return allConVars;
+}
+
+SourceInterface<CCvar>* g_pCVarInterface;
+CCvar* g_pCVar;
diff --git a/primedev/core/convar/cvar.h b/primedev/core/convar/cvar.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..beaa84f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/convar/cvar.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "convar.h"
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Forward declarations
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class ConCommandBase;
+class ConCommand;
+class ConVar;
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Internals for ICVarIterator
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class CCVarIteratorInternal // Fully reversed table, just look at the virtual function table and rename the function.
+{
+public:
+	virtual void SetFirst(void) = 0; // 0
+	virtual void Next(void) = 0; // 1
+	virtual bool IsValid(void) = 0; // 2
+	virtual ConCommandBase* Get(void) = 0; // 3
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Default implementation
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class CCvar
+{
+public:
+	M_VMETHOD(ConCommandBase*, FindCommandBase, 14, (const char* pszCommandName), (this, pszCommandName));
+	M_VMETHOD(ConVar*, FindVar, 16, (const char* pszVarName), (this, pszVarName));
+	M_VMETHOD(ConCommand*, FindCommand, 18, (const char* pszCommandName), (this, pszCommandName));
+	M_VMETHOD(CCVarIteratorInternal*, FactoryInternalIterator, 41, (), (this));
+
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, ConCommandBase*> DumpToMap();
+};
+
+extern SourceInterface<CCvar>* g_pCVarInterface;
+extern CCvar* g_pCVar;
diff --git a/primedev/core/filesystem/filesystem.cpp b/primedev/core/filesystem/filesystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b39939e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/filesystem/filesystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#include "filesystem.h"
+#include "core/sourceinterface.h"
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+bool bReadingOriginalFile = false;
+std::string sCurrentModPath;
+
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_fs_log_reads;
+
+SourceInterface<IFileSystem>* g_pFilesystem;
+
+std::string ReadVPKFile(const char* path)
+{
+	// read scripts.rson file, todo: check if this can be overwritten
+	FileHandle_t fileHandle = (*g_pFilesystem)->m_vtable2->Open(&(*g_pFilesystem)->m_vtable2, path, "rb", "GAME", 0);
+
+	std::stringstream fileStream;
+	int bytesRead = 0;
+	char data[4096];
+	do
+	{
+		bytesRead = (*g_pFilesystem)->m_vtable2->Read(&(*g_pFilesystem)->m_vtable2, data, (int)std::size(data), fileHandle);
+		fileStream.write(data, bytesRead);
+	} while (bytesRead == std::size(data));
+
+	(*g_pFilesystem)->m_vtable2->Close(*g_pFilesystem, fileHandle);
+
+	return fileStream.str();
+}
+
+std::string ReadVPKOriginalFile(const char* path)
+{
+	// todo: should probably set search path to be g_pModName here also
+
+	bReadingOriginalFile = true;
+	std::string ret = ReadVPKFile(path);
+	bReadingOriginalFile = false;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+HOOK(AddSearchPathHook, AddSearchPath,
+void, __fastcall, (IFileSystem * fileSystem, const char* pPath, const char* pathID, SearchPathAdd_t addType))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	AddSearchPath(fileSystem, pPath, pathID, addType);
+
+	// make sure current mod paths are at head
+	if (!strcmp(pathID, "GAME") && sCurrentModPath.compare(pPath) && addType == PATH_ADD_TO_HEAD)
+	{
+		AddSearchPath(fileSystem, sCurrentModPath.c_str(), "GAME", PATH_ADD_TO_HEAD);
+		AddSearchPath(fileSystem, GetCompiledAssetsPath().string().c_str(), "GAME", PATH_ADD_TO_HEAD);
+	}
+}
+
+void SetNewModSearchPaths(Mod* mod)
+{
+	// put our new path to the head if we need to read from a different mod path
+	// in the future we could also determine whether the file we're setting paths for needs a mod dir, or compiled assets
+	if (mod != nullptr)
+	{
+		if ((fs::absolute(mod->m_ModDirectory) / MOD_OVERRIDE_DIR).string().compare(sCurrentModPath))
+		{
+			AddSearchPath(
+				&*(*g_pFilesystem), (fs::absolute(mod->m_ModDirectory) / MOD_OVERRIDE_DIR).string().c_str(), "GAME", PATH_ADD_TO_HEAD);
+			sCurrentModPath = (fs::absolute(mod->m_ModDirectory) / MOD_OVERRIDE_DIR).string();
+		}
+	}
+	else // push compiled to head
+		AddSearchPath(&*(*g_pFilesystem), fs::absolute(GetCompiledAssetsPath()).string().c_str(), "GAME", PATH_ADD_TO_HEAD);
+}
+
+bool TryReplaceFile(const char* pPath, bool shouldCompile)
+{
+	if (bReadingOriginalFile)
+		return false;
+
+	if (shouldCompile)
+		g_pModManager->CompileAssetsForFile(pPath);
+
+	// idk how efficient the lexically normal check is
+	// can't just set all /s in path to \, since some paths aren't in writeable memory
+	auto file = g_pModManager->m_ModFiles.find(g_pModManager->NormaliseModFilePath(fs::path(pPath)));
+	if (file != g_pModManager->m_ModFiles.end())
+	{
+		SetNewModSearchPaths(file->second.m_pOwningMod);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+// force modded files to be read from mods, not cache
+// clang-format off
+HOOK(ReadFromCacheHook, ReadFromCache,
+bool, __fastcall, (IFileSystem * filesystem, char* pPath, void* result))
+// clang-format off
+{
+	if (TryReplaceFile(pPath, true))
+		return false;
+
+	return ReadFromCache(filesystem, pPath, result);
+}
+
+// force modded files to be read from mods, not vpk
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(ReadFileFromVPK, filesystem_stdio.dll + 0x5CBA0,
+FileHandle_t, __fastcall, (VPKData* vpkInfo, uint64_t* b, char* filename))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// don't compile here because this is only ever called from OpenEx, which already compiles
+	if (TryReplaceFile(filename, false))
+	{
+		*b = -1;
+		return b;
+	}
+
+	return ReadFileFromVPK(vpkInfo, b, filename);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CBaseFileSystem__OpenEx, filesystem_stdio.dll + 0x15F50,
+FileHandle_t, __fastcall, (IFileSystem* filesystem, const char* pPath, const char* pOptions, uint32_t flags, const char* pPathID, char **ppszResolvedFilename))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	TryReplaceFile(pPath, true);
+	return CBaseFileSystem__OpenEx(filesystem, pPath, pOptions, flags, pPathID, ppszResolvedFilename);
+}
+
+HOOK(MountVPKHook, MountVPK, VPKData*, , (IFileSystem * fileSystem, const char* pVpkPath))
+{
+	NS::log::fs->info("MountVPK {}", pVpkPath);
+	VPKData* ret = MountVPK(fileSystem, pVpkPath);
+
+	for (Mod mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+			continue;
+
+		for (ModVPKEntry& vpkEntry : mod.Vpks)
+		{
+			// if we're autoloading, just load no matter what
+			if (!vpkEntry.m_bAutoLoad)
+			{
+				// resolve vpk name and try to load one with the same name
+				// todo: we should be unloading these on map unload manually
+				std::string mapName(fs::path(pVpkPath).filename().string());
+				std::string modMapName(fs::path(vpkEntry.m_sVpkPath.c_str()).filename().string());
+				if (mapName.compare(modMapName))
+					continue;
+			}
+
+			VPKData* loaded = MountVPK(fileSystem, vpkEntry.m_sVpkPath.c_str());
+			if (!ret) // this is primarily for map vpks and stuff, so the map's vpk is what gets returned from here
+				ret = loaded;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("filesystem_stdio.dll", Filesystem, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	g_pFilesystem = new SourceInterface<IFileSystem>("filesystem_stdio.dll", "VFileSystem017");
+
+	AddSearchPathHook.Dispatch((LPVOID)(*g_pFilesystem)->m_vtable->AddSearchPath);
+	ReadFromCacheHook.Dispatch((LPVOID)(*g_pFilesystem)->m_vtable->ReadFromCache);
+	MountVPKHook.Dispatch((LPVOID)(*g_pFilesystem)->m_vtable->MountVPK);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/core/filesystem/filesystem.h b/primedev/core/filesystem/filesystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fcd1bb2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/filesystem/filesystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "core/sourceinterface.h"
+
+// taken from ttf2sdk
+typedef void* FileHandle_t;
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+
+// clang-format off
+OFFSET_STRUCT(VPKFileEntry)
+{
+    STRUCT_SIZE(0x44);
+    FIELDS(0x0, 
+          char* directory;
+          char* filename;
+          char* extension;
+        )
+};
+// clang-format on
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+struct VPKData;
+
+enum SearchPathAdd_t
+{
+	PATH_ADD_TO_HEAD, // First path searched
+	PATH_ADD_TO_TAIL, // Last path searched
+};
+
+class CSearchPath
+{
+public:
+	unsigned char unknown[0x18];
+	const char* debugPath;
+};
+
+class IFileSystem
+{
+public:
+	struct VTable
+	{
+		void* unknown[10];
+		void (*AddSearchPath)(IFileSystem* fileSystem, const char* pPath, const char* pathID, SearchPathAdd_t addType);
+		void* unknown2[84];
+		bool (*ReadFromCache)(IFileSystem* fileSystem, const char* path, void* result);
+		void* unknown3[15];
+		VPKData* (*MountVPK)(IFileSystem* fileSystem, const char* vpkPath);
+	};
+
+	struct VTable2
+	{
+		int (*Read)(IFileSystem::VTable2** fileSystem, void* pOutput, int size, FileHandle_t file);
+		void* unknown[1];
+		FileHandle_t (*Open)(
+			IFileSystem::VTable2** fileSystem, const char* pFileName, const char* pOptions, const char* pathID, int64_t unknown);
+		void (*Close)(IFileSystem* fileSystem, FileHandle_t file);
+		long long (*Seek)(IFileSystem::VTable2** fileSystem, FileHandle_t file, long long offset, long long whence);
+		void* unknown2[5];
+		bool (*FileExists)(IFileSystem::VTable2** fileSystem, const char* pFileName, const char* pPathID);
+	};
+
+	VTable* m_vtable;
+	VTable2* m_vtable2;
+};
+
+extern SourceInterface<IFileSystem>* g_pFilesystem;
+
+std::string ReadVPKFile(const char* path);
+std::string ReadVPKOriginalFile(const char* path);
diff --git a/primedev/core/filesystem/rpakfilesystem.cpp b/primedev/core/filesystem/rpakfilesystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da72646b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/filesystem/rpakfilesystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#include "rpakfilesystem.h"
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// there are more i'm just too lazy to add
+struct PakLoadFuncs
+{
+	void* unk0[3];
+	int (*LoadPakAsync)(const char* pPath, void* unknownSingleton, int flags, void* callback0, void* callback1);
+	void* unk1[2];
+	void* (*UnloadPak)(int iPakHandle, void* callback);
+	void* unk2[6];
+	void* (*LoadFile)(const char* path); // unsure
+	void* unk3[10];
+	void* (*ReadFileAsync)(const char* pPath, void* a2);
+};
+
+PakLoadFuncs* g_pakLoadApi;
+
+PakLoadManager* g_pPakLoadManager;
+void** pUnknownPakLoadSingleton;
+
+int PakLoadManager::LoadPakAsync(const char* pPath, const ePakLoadSource nLoadSource)
+{
+	int nHandle = g_pakLoadApi->LoadPakAsync(pPath, *pUnknownPakLoadSingleton, 2, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+	// set the load source of the pak we just loaded
+	if (nHandle != -1)
+		GetPakInfo(nHandle)->m_nLoadSource = nLoadSource;
+
+	return nHandle;
+}
+
+void PakLoadManager::UnloadPak(const int nPakHandle)
+{
+	g_pakLoadApi->UnloadPak(nPakHandle, nullptr);
+}
+
+void PakLoadManager::UnloadMapPaks()
+{
+	for (auto& pair : m_vLoadedPaks)
+		if (pair.second.m_nLoadSource == ePakLoadSource::MAP)
+			UnloadPak(pair.first);
+}
+
+LoadedPak* PakLoadManager::TrackLoadedPak(ePakLoadSource nLoadSource, int nPakHandle, size_t nPakNameHash)
+{
+	LoadedPak pak;
+	pak.m_nLoadSource = nLoadSource;
+	pak.m_nPakHandle = nPakHandle;
+	pak.m_nPakNameHash = nPakNameHash;
+
+	m_vLoadedPaks.insert(std::make_pair(nPakHandle, pak));
+	return &m_vLoadedPaks.at(nPakHandle);
+}
+
+void PakLoadManager::RemoveLoadedPak(int nPakHandle)
+{
+	m_vLoadedPaks.erase(nPakHandle);
+}
+
+LoadedPak* PakLoadManager::GetPakInfo(const int nPakHandle)
+{
+	return &m_vLoadedPaks.at(nPakHandle);
+}
+
+int PakLoadManager::GetPakHandle(const size_t nPakNameHash)
+{
+	for (auto& pair : m_vLoadedPaks)
+		if (pair.second.m_nPakNameHash == nPakNameHash)
+			return pair.first;
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+int PakLoadManager::GetPakHandle(const char* pPath)
+{
+	return GetPakHandle(STR_HASH(pPath));
+}
+
+void* PakLoadManager::LoadFile(const char* path)
+{
+	return g_pakLoadApi->LoadFile(path);
+}
+
+void HandlePakAliases(char** map)
+{
+	// convert the pak being loaded to it's aliased one, e.g. aliasing mp_hub_timeshift => sp_hub_timeshift
+	for (int64_t i = g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods.size() - 1; i > -1; i--)
+	{
+		Mod* mod = &g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods[i];
+		if (!mod->m_bEnabled)
+			continue;
+
+		if (mod->RpakAliases.find(*map) != mod->RpakAliases.end())
+		{
+			*map = &mod->RpakAliases[*map][0];
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void LoadPreloadPaks()
+{
+	// note, loading from ./ is necessary otherwise paks will load from gamedir/r2/paks
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+			continue;
+
+		// need to get a relative path of mod to mod folder
+		fs::path modPakPath("./" / mod.m_ModDirectory / "paks");
+
+		for (ModRpakEntry& pak : mod.Rpaks)
+			if (pak.m_bAutoLoad)
+				g_pPakLoadManager->LoadPakAsync((modPakPath / pak.m_sPakName).string().c_str(), ePakLoadSource::CONSTANT);
+	}
+}
+
+void LoadPostloadPaks(const char* pPath)
+{
+	// note, loading from ./ is necessary otherwise paks will load from gamedir/r2/paks
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+			continue;
+
+		// need to get a relative path of mod to mod folder
+		fs::path modPakPath("./" / mod.m_ModDirectory / "paks");
+
+		for (ModRpakEntry& pak : mod.Rpaks)
+			if (pak.m_sLoadAfterPak == pPath)
+				g_pPakLoadManager->LoadPakAsync((modPakPath / pak.m_sPakName).string().c_str(), ePakLoadSource::CONSTANT);
+	}
+}
+
+void LoadCustomMapPaks(char** pakName, bool* bNeedToFreePakName)
+{
+	// whether the vanilla game has this rpak
+	bool bHasOriginalPak = fs::exists(fs::path("r2/paks/Win64/") / *pakName);
+
+	// note, loading from ./ is necessary otherwise paks will load from gamedir/r2/paks
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+			continue;
+
+		// need to get a relative path of mod to mod folder
+		fs::path modPakPath("./" / mod.m_ModDirectory / "paks");
+
+		for (ModRpakEntry& pak : mod.Rpaks)
+		{
+			if (!pak.m_bAutoLoad && !pak.m_sPakName.compare(*pakName))
+			{
+				// if the game doesn't have the original pak, let it handle loading this one as if it was the one it was loading originally
+				if (!bHasOriginalPak)
+				{
+					std::string path = (modPakPath / pak.m_sPakName).string();
+					*pakName = new char[path.size() + 1];
+					strcpy(*pakName, &path[0]);
+					(*pakName)[path.size()] = '\0';
+
+					bHasOriginalPak = true;
+					*bNeedToFreePakName =
+						true; // we can't free this memory until we're done with the pak, so let whatever's calling this deal with it
+				}
+				else
+					g_pPakLoadManager->LoadPakAsync((modPakPath / pak.m_sPakName).string().c_str(), ePakLoadSource::MAP);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+HOOK(LoadPakAsyncHook, LoadPakAsync,
+int, __fastcall, (char* pPath, void* unknownSingleton, int flags, void* pCallback0, void* pCallback1))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	HandlePakAliases(&pPath);
+
+	// dont load the pak if it's currently loaded already
+	size_t nPathHash = STR_HASH(pPath);
+	if (g_pPakLoadManager->GetPakHandle(nPathHash) != -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	bool bNeedToFreePakName = false;
+
+	static bool bShouldLoadPaks = true;
+	if (bShouldLoadPaks)
+	{
+		// make a copy of the path for comparing to determine whether we should load this pak on dedi, before it could get overwritten by
+		// LoadCustomMapPaks
+		std::string originalPath(pPath);
+
+		// disable preloading while we're doing this
+		bShouldLoadPaks = false;
+
+		LoadPreloadPaks();
+		LoadCustomMapPaks(&pPath, &bNeedToFreePakName);
+
+		bShouldLoadPaks = true;
+
+		// do this after custom paks load and in bShouldLoadPaks so we only ever call this on the root pakload call
+		// todo: could probably add some way to flag custom paks to not be loaded on dedicated servers in rpak.json
+
+		// dedicated only needs common, common_mp, common_sp, and sp_<map> rpaks
+		// sp_<map> rpaks contain tutorial ghost data
+		// sucks to have to load the entire rpak for that but sp was never meant to be done on dedi
+		if (IsDedicatedServer() &&
+			(CommandLine()->CheckParm("-nopakdedi") || strncmp(&originalPath[0], "common", 6) && strncmp(&originalPath[0], "sp_", 3)))
+		{
+			if (bNeedToFreePakName)
+				delete[] pPath;
+
+			NS::log::rpak->info("Not loading pak {} for dedicated server", originalPath);
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	int iPakHandle = LoadPakAsync(pPath, unknownSingleton, flags, pCallback0, pCallback1);
+	NS::log::rpak->info("LoadPakAsync {} {}", pPath, iPakHandle);
+
+	// trak the pak
+	g_pPakLoadManager->TrackLoadedPak(ePakLoadSource::UNTRACKED, iPakHandle, nPathHash);
+	LoadPostloadPaks(pPath);
+
+	if (bNeedToFreePakName)
+		delete[] pPath;
+
+	return iPakHandle;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+HOOK(UnloadPakHook, UnloadPak,
+void*, __fastcall, (int nPakHandle, void* pCallback))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// stop tracking the pak
+	g_pPakLoadManager->RemoveLoadedPak(nPakHandle);
+
+	static bool bShouldUnloadPaks = true;
+	if (bShouldUnloadPaks)
+	{
+		bShouldUnloadPaks = false;
+		g_pPakLoadManager->UnloadMapPaks();
+		bShouldUnloadPaks = true;
+	}
+
+	NS::log::rpak->info("UnloadPak {}", nPakHandle);
+	return UnloadPak(nPakHandle, pCallback);
+}
+
+// we hook this exclusively for resolving stbsp paths, but seemingly it's also used for other stuff like vpk, rpak, mprj and starpak loads
+// tbh this actually might be for memory mapped files or something, would make sense i think
+// clang-format off
+HOOK(ReadFileAsyncHook, ReadFileAsync, 
+void*, __fastcall, (const char* pPath, void* pCallback))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	fs::path path(pPath);
+	std::string newPath = "";
+	fs::path filename = path.filename();
+
+	if (path.extension() == ".stbsp")
+	{
+		if (IsDedicatedServer())
+			return nullptr;
+
+		NS::log::rpak->info("LoadStreamBsp: {}", filename.string());
+
+		// resolve modded stbsp path so we can load mod stbsps
+		auto modFile = g_pModManager->m_ModFiles.find(g_pModManager->NormaliseModFilePath(fs::path("maps" / filename)));
+		if (modFile != g_pModManager->m_ModFiles.end())
+		{
+			newPath = (modFile->second.m_pOwningMod->m_ModDirectory / "mod" / modFile->second.m_Path).string();
+			pPath = newPath.c_str();
+		}
+	}
+	else if (path.extension() == ".starpak")
+	{
+		if (IsDedicatedServer())
+			return nullptr;
+
+		// code for this is mostly stolen from above
+
+		// unfortunately I can't find a way to get the rpak that is causing this function call, so I have to
+		// store them on mod init and then compare the current path with the stored paths
+
+		// game adds r2\ to every path, so assume that a starpak path that begins with r2\paks\ is a vanilla one
+		// modded starpaks will be in the mod's paks folder (but can be in folders within the paks folder)
+
+		// this might look a bit confusing, but its just an iterator over the various directories in a path.
+		// path.begin() being the first directory, r2 in this case, which is guaranteed anyway,
+		// so increment the iterator with ++ to get the first actual directory, * just gets the actual value
+		// then we compare to "paks" to determine if it's a vanilla rpak or not
+		if (*++path.begin() != "paks")
+		{
+			// remove the r2\ from the start used for path lookups
+			std::string starpakPath = path.string().substr(3);
+			// hash the starpakPath to compare with stored entries
+			size_t hashed = STR_HASH(starpakPath);
+
+			// loop through all loaded mods
+			for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+			{
+				// ignore non-loaded mods
+				if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+					continue;
+
+				// loop through the stored starpak paths
+				for (size_t hash : mod.StarpakPaths)
+				{
+					if (hash == hashed)
+					{
+						// construct new path
+						newPath = (mod.m_ModDirectory / "paks" / starpakPath).string();
+						// set path to the new path
+						pPath = newPath.c_str();
+						goto LOG_STARPAK;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+	LOG_STARPAK:
+		NS::log::rpak->info("LoadStreamPak: {}", filename.string());
+	}
+
+	return ReadFileAsync(pPath, pCallback);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", RpakFilesystem, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH();
+
+	g_pPakLoadManager = new PakLoadManager;
+
+	g_pakLoadApi = module.Offset(0x5BED78).Deref().RCast<PakLoadFuncs*>();
+	pUnknownPakLoadSingleton = module.Offset(0x7C5E20).RCast<void**>();
+
+	LoadPakAsyncHook.Dispatch((LPVOID*)g_pakLoadApi->LoadPakAsync);
+	UnloadPakHook.Dispatch((LPVOID*)g_pakLoadApi->UnloadPak);
+	ReadFileAsyncHook.Dispatch((LPVOID*)g_pakLoadApi->ReadFileAsync);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/core/filesystem/rpakfilesystem.h b/primedev/core/filesystem/rpakfilesystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bcd57a73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/filesystem/rpakfilesystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+enum class ePakLoadSource
+{
+	UNTRACKED = -1, // not a pak we loaded, we shouldn't touch this one
+
+	CONSTANT, // should be loaded at all times
+	MAP // loaded from a map, should be unloaded when the map is unloaded
+};
+
+struct LoadedPak
+{
+	ePakLoadSource m_nLoadSource;
+	int m_nPakHandle;
+	size_t m_nPakNameHash;
+};
+
+class PakLoadManager
+{
+private:
+	std::map<int, LoadedPak> m_vLoadedPaks {};
+	std::unordered_map<size_t, int> m_HashToPakHandle {};
+
+public:
+	int LoadPakAsync(const char* pPath, const ePakLoadSource nLoadSource);
+	void UnloadPak(const int nPakHandle);
+	void UnloadMapPaks();
+	void* LoadFile(const char* path); // this is a guess
+
+	LoadedPak* TrackLoadedPak(ePakLoadSource nLoadSource, int nPakHandle, size_t nPakNameHash);
+	void RemoveLoadedPak(int nPakHandle);
+
+	LoadedPak* GetPakInfo(const int nPakHandle);
+
+	int GetPakHandle(const size_t nPakNameHash);
+	int GetPakHandle(const char* pPath);
+};
+
+extern PakLoadManager* g_pPakLoadManager;
diff --git a/primedev/core/hooks.cpp b/primedev/core/hooks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..26b3fe57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/hooks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+#include "plugins/pluginbackend.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <wchar.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <Psapi.h>
+
+#define XINPUT1_3_DLL "XInput1_3.dll"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// called from the ON_DLL_LOAD macros
+__dllLoadCallback::__dllLoadCallback(
+	eDllLoadCallbackSide side, const std::string dllName, DllLoadCallbackFuncType callback, std::string uniqueStr, std::string reliesOn)
+{
+	// parse reliesOn array from string
+	std::vector<std::string> reliesOnArray;
+
+	if (reliesOn.length() && reliesOn[0] != '(')
+	{
+		reliesOnArray.push_back(reliesOn);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		// follows the format (tag, tag, tag)
+		std::string sCurrentTag;
+		for (int i = 1; i < reliesOn.length(); i++)
+		{
+			if (!isspace(reliesOn[i]))
+			{
+				if (reliesOn[i] == ',' || reliesOn[i] == ')')
+				{
+					reliesOnArray.push_back(sCurrentTag);
+					sCurrentTag = "";
+				}
+				else
+					sCurrentTag += reliesOn[i];
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch (side)
+	{
+	case eDllLoadCallbackSide::UNSIDED:
+	{
+		AddDllLoadCallback(dllName, callback, uniqueStr, reliesOnArray);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eDllLoadCallbackSide::CLIENT:
+	{
+		AddDllLoadCallbackForClient(dllName, callback, uniqueStr, reliesOnArray);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eDllLoadCallbackSide::DEDICATED_SERVER:
+	{
+		AddDllLoadCallbackForDedicatedServer(dllName, callback, uniqueStr, reliesOnArray);
+		break;
+	}
+	}
+}
+
+void __fileAutohook::Dispatch()
+{
+	for (__autovar* var : vars)
+		var->Dispatch();
+
+	for (__autohook* hook : hooks)
+		hook->Dispatch();
+}
+
+void __fileAutohook::DispatchForModule(const char* pModuleName)
+{
+	const int iModuleNameLen = strlen(pModuleName);
+
+	for (__autohook* hook : hooks)
+		if ((hook->iAddressResolutionMode == __autohook::OFFSET_STRING && !strncmp(pModuleName, hook->pAddrString, iModuleNameLen)) ||
+			(hook->iAddressResolutionMode == __autohook::PROCADDRESS && !strcmp(pModuleName, hook->pModuleName)))
+			hook->Dispatch();
+}
+
+ManualHook::ManualHook(const char* funcName, LPVOID func) : pHookFunc(func), ppOrigFunc(nullptr)
+{
+	const int iFuncNameStrlen = strlen(funcName);
+	pFuncName = new char[iFuncNameStrlen];
+	memcpy(pFuncName, funcName, iFuncNameStrlen);
+}
+
+ManualHook::ManualHook(const char* funcName, LPVOID* orig, LPVOID func) : pHookFunc(func), ppOrigFunc(orig)
+{
+	const int iFuncNameStrlen = strlen(funcName);
+	pFuncName = new char[iFuncNameStrlen];
+	memcpy(pFuncName, funcName, iFuncNameStrlen);
+}
+
+bool ManualHook::Dispatch(LPVOID addr, LPVOID* orig)
+{
+	if (orig)
+		ppOrigFunc = orig;
+
+	if (MH_CreateHook(addr, pHookFunc, ppOrigFunc) == MH_OK)
+	{
+		if (MH_EnableHook(addr) == MH_OK)
+		{
+			spdlog::info("Enabling hook {}", pFuncName);
+			return true;
+		}
+		else
+			spdlog::error("MH_EnableHook failed for function {}", pFuncName);
+	}
+	else
+		spdlog::error("MH_CreateHook failed for function {}", pFuncName);
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+uintptr_t ParseDLLOffsetString(const char* pAddrString)
+{
+	// in the format server.dll + 0xDEADBEEF
+	int iDllNameEnd = 0;
+	for (; !isspace(pAddrString[iDllNameEnd]) && pAddrString[iDllNameEnd] != '+'; iDllNameEnd++)
+		;
+
+	char* pModuleName = new char[iDllNameEnd + 1];
+	memcpy(pModuleName, pAddrString, iDllNameEnd);
+	pModuleName[iDllNameEnd] = '\0';
+
+	// get the module address
+	const HMODULE pModuleAddr = GetModuleHandleA(pModuleName);
+
+	if (!pModuleAddr)
+		return 0;
+
+	// get the offset string
+	uintptr_t iOffset = 0;
+
+	int iOffsetBegin = iDllNameEnd;
+	int iOffsetEnd = strlen(pAddrString);
+
+	// seek until we hit the start of the number offset
+	for (; !(pAddrString[iOffsetBegin] >= '0' && pAddrString[iOffsetBegin] <= '9') && pAddrString[iOffsetBegin]; iOffsetBegin++)
+		;
+
+	bool bIsHex = pAddrString[iOffsetBegin] == '0' && (pAddrString[iOffsetBegin + 1] == 'X' || pAddrString[iOffsetBegin + 1] == 'x');
+	if (bIsHex)
+		iOffset = std::stoi(pAddrString + iOffsetBegin + 2, 0, 16);
+	else
+		iOffset = std::stoi(pAddrString + iOffsetBegin);
+
+	return ((uintptr_t)pModuleAddr + iOffset);
+}
+
+// dll load callback stuff
+// this allows for code to register callbacks to be run as soon as a dll is loaded, mainly to allow for patches to be made on dll load
+struct DllLoadCallback
+{
+	std::string dll;
+	DllLoadCallbackFuncType callback;
+	std::string tag;
+	std::vector<std::string> reliesOn;
+	bool called;
+};
+
+// HACK: declaring and initialising this vector at file scope crashes on debug builds due to static initialisation order
+// using a static var like this ensures that the vector is initialised lazily when it's used
+std::vector<DllLoadCallback>& GetDllLoadCallbacks()
+{
+	static std::vector<DllLoadCallback> vec = std::vector<DllLoadCallback>();
+	return vec;
+}
+
+void AddDllLoadCallback(std::string dll, DllLoadCallbackFuncType callback, std::string tag, std::vector<std::string> reliesOn)
+{
+	DllLoadCallback& callbackStruct = GetDllLoadCallbacks().emplace_back();
+
+	callbackStruct.dll = dll;
+	callbackStruct.callback = callback;
+	callbackStruct.tag = tag;
+	callbackStruct.reliesOn = reliesOn;
+	callbackStruct.called = false;
+}
+
+void AddDllLoadCallbackForDedicatedServer(
+	std::string dll, DllLoadCallbackFuncType callback, std::string tag, std::vector<std::string> reliesOn)
+{
+	if (!IsDedicatedServer())
+		return;
+
+	AddDllLoadCallback(dll, callback, tag, reliesOn);
+}
+
+void AddDllLoadCallbackForClient(std::string dll, DllLoadCallbackFuncType callback, std::string tag, std::vector<std::string> reliesOn)
+{
+	if (IsDedicatedServer())
+		return;
+
+	AddDllLoadCallback(dll, callback, tag, reliesOn);
+}
+
+void MakeHook(LPVOID pTarget, LPVOID pDetour, void* ppOriginal, const char* pFuncName)
+{
+	char* pStrippedFuncName = (char*)pFuncName;
+	// strip & char from funcname
+	if (*pStrippedFuncName == '&')
+		pStrippedFuncName++;
+
+	if (MH_CreateHook(pTarget, pDetour, (LPVOID*)ppOriginal) == MH_OK)
+	{
+		if (MH_EnableHook(pTarget) == MH_OK)
+			spdlog::info("Enabling hook {}", pStrippedFuncName);
+		else
+			spdlog::error("MH_EnableHook failed for function {}", pStrippedFuncName);
+	}
+	else
+		spdlog::error("MH_CreateHook failed for function {}", pStrippedFuncName);
+}
+
+AUTOHOOK_ABSOLUTEADDR(_GetCommandLineA, (LPVOID)GetCommandLineA, LPSTR, WINAPI, ())
+{
+	static char* cmdlineModified;
+	static char* cmdlineOrg;
+
+	if (cmdlineOrg == nullptr || cmdlineModified == nullptr)
+	{
+		cmdlineOrg = _GetCommandLineA();
+		bool isDedi = strstr(cmdlineOrg, "-dedicated"); // well, this one has to be a real argument
+		bool ignoreStartupArgs = strstr(cmdlineOrg, "-nostartupargs");
+
+		std::string args;
+		std::ifstream cmdlineArgFile;
+
+		// it looks like CommandLine() prioritizes parameters apprearing first, so we want the real commandline to take priority
+		// not to mention that cmdlineOrg starts with the EXE path
+		args.append(cmdlineOrg);
+		args.append(" ");
+
+		// append those from the file
+
+		if (!ignoreStartupArgs)
+		{
+
+			cmdlineArgFile = std::ifstream(!isDedi ? "ns_startup_args.txt" : "ns_startup_args_dedi.txt");
+
+			if (cmdlineArgFile)
+			{
+				std::stringstream argBuffer;
+				argBuffer << cmdlineArgFile.rdbuf();
+				cmdlineArgFile.close();
+
+				// if some other command line option includes "-northstar" in the future then you have to refactor this check to check with
+				// both either space after or ending with
+				if (!isDedi && argBuffer.str().find("-northstar") != std::string::npos)
+					MessageBoxA(
+						NULL,
+						"The \"-northstar\" command line option is NOT supposed to go into ns_startup_args.txt file!\n\nThis option is "
+						"supposed to go into Origin/Steam game launch options, and then you are supposed to launch the original "
+						"Titanfall2.exe "
+						"rather than NorthstarLauncher.exe to make use of it.",
+						"Northstar Warning",
+						MB_ICONWARNING);
+
+				args.append(argBuffer.str());
+			}
+		}
+
+		auto len = args.length();
+		cmdlineModified = new char[len + 1];
+		if (!cmdlineModified)
+		{
+			spdlog::error("malloc failed for command line");
+			return cmdlineOrg;
+		}
+		memcpy(cmdlineModified, args.c_str(), len + 1);
+	}
+
+	return cmdlineModified;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> calledTags;
+void CallLoadLibraryACallbacks(LPCSTR lpLibFileName, HMODULE moduleAddress)
+{
+	CModule cModule(moduleAddress);
+
+	while (true)
+	{
+		bool bDoneCalling = true;
+
+		for (auto& callbackStruct : GetDllLoadCallbacks())
+		{
+			if (!callbackStruct.called && fs::path(lpLibFileName).filename() == fs::path(callbackStruct.dll).filename())
+			{
+				bool bShouldContinue = false;
+
+				if (!callbackStruct.reliesOn.empty())
+				{
+					for (std::string tag : callbackStruct.reliesOn)
+					{
+						if (std::find(calledTags.begin(), calledTags.end(), tag) == calledTags.end())
+						{
+							bDoneCalling = false;
+							bShouldContinue = true;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				if (bShouldContinue)
+					continue;
+
+				callbackStruct.callback(moduleAddress);
+				calledTags.push_back(callbackStruct.tag);
+				callbackStruct.called = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (bDoneCalling)
+			break;
+	}
+}
+
+void CallLoadLibraryWCallbacks(LPCWSTR lpLibFileName, HMODULE moduleAddress)
+{
+	CModule cModule(moduleAddress);
+
+	while (true)
+	{
+		bool bDoneCalling = true;
+
+		for (auto& callbackStruct : GetDllLoadCallbacks())
+		{
+			if (!callbackStruct.called && fs::path(lpLibFileName).filename() == fs::path(callbackStruct.dll).filename())
+			{
+				bool bShouldContinue = false;
+
+				if (!callbackStruct.reliesOn.empty())
+				{
+					for (std::string tag : callbackStruct.reliesOn)
+					{
+						if (std::find(calledTags.begin(), calledTags.end(), tag) == calledTags.end())
+						{
+							bDoneCalling = false;
+							bShouldContinue = true;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				if (bShouldContinue)
+					continue;
+
+				callbackStruct.callback(moduleAddress);
+				calledTags.push_back(callbackStruct.tag);
+				callbackStruct.called = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (bDoneCalling)
+			break;
+	}
+}
+
+void CallAllPendingDLLLoadCallbacks()
+{
+	HMODULE hMods[1024];
+	HANDLE hProcess = GetCurrentProcess();
+	DWORD cbNeeded;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	// Get a list of all the modules in this process.
+	if (EnumProcessModules(hProcess, hMods, sizeof(hMods), &cbNeeded))
+	{
+		for (i = 0; i < (cbNeeded / sizeof(HMODULE)); i++)
+		{
+			wchar_t szModName[MAX_PATH];
+
+			// Get the full path to the module's file.
+			if (GetModuleFileNameExW(hProcess, hMods[i], szModName, sizeof(szModName) / sizeof(TCHAR)))
+			{
+				CallLoadLibraryWCallbacks(szModName, hMods[i]);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK_ABSOLUTEADDR(_LoadLibraryExA, (LPVOID)LoadLibraryExA,
+HMODULE, WINAPI, (LPCSTR lpLibFileName, HANDLE hFile, DWORD dwFlags))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	HMODULE moduleAddress;
+
+	LPCSTR lpLibFileNameEnd = lpLibFileName + strlen(lpLibFileName);
+	LPCSTR lpLibName = lpLibFileNameEnd - strlen(XINPUT1_3_DLL);
+
+	// replace xinput dll with one that has ASLR
+	if (lpLibFileName <= lpLibName && !strncmp(lpLibName, XINPUT1_3_DLL, strlen(XINPUT1_3_DLL) + 1))
+	{
+		moduleAddress = _LoadLibraryExA("XInput9_1_0.dll", hFile, dwFlags);
+
+		if (!moduleAddress)
+		{
+			MessageBoxA(0, "Could not find XInput9_1_0.dll", "Northstar", MB_ICONERROR);
+			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+			return nullptr;
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		moduleAddress = _LoadLibraryExA(lpLibFileName, hFile, dwFlags);
+
+	if (moduleAddress)
+	{
+		CallLoadLibraryACallbacks(lpLibFileName, moduleAddress);
+		InformPluginsDLLLoad(fs::path(lpLibFileName), moduleAddress);
+	}
+
+	return moduleAddress;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK_ABSOLUTEADDR(_LoadLibraryA, (LPVOID)LoadLibraryA,
+HMODULE, WINAPI, (LPCSTR lpLibFileName))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	HMODULE moduleAddress = _LoadLibraryA(lpLibFileName);
+
+	if (moduleAddress)
+		CallLoadLibraryACallbacks(lpLibFileName, moduleAddress);
+
+	return moduleAddress;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK_ABSOLUTEADDR(_LoadLibraryExW, (LPVOID)LoadLibraryExW,
+HMODULE, WINAPI, (LPCWSTR lpLibFileName, HANDLE hFile, DWORD dwFlags))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	HMODULE moduleAddress = _LoadLibraryExW(lpLibFileName, hFile, dwFlags);
+
+	if (moduleAddress)
+		CallLoadLibraryWCallbacks(lpLibFileName, moduleAddress);
+
+	return moduleAddress;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK_ABSOLUTEADDR(_LoadLibraryW, (LPVOID)LoadLibraryW,
+HMODULE, WINAPI, (LPCWSTR lpLibFileName))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	HMODULE moduleAddress = _LoadLibraryW(lpLibFileName);
+
+	if (moduleAddress)
+	{
+		CallLoadLibraryWCallbacks(lpLibFileName, moduleAddress);
+		InformPluginsDLLLoad(fs::path(lpLibFileName), moduleAddress);
+	}
+
+	return moduleAddress;
+}
+
+void InstallInitialHooks()
+{
+	if (MH_Initialize() != MH_OK)
+		spdlog::error("MH_Initialize (minhook initialization) failed");
+
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+}
diff --git a/primedev/core/hooks.h b/primedev/core/hooks.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15edbf0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/hooks.h
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "memory.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <iostream>
+
+void InstallInitialHooks();
+
+typedef void (*DllLoadCallbackFuncType)(CModule moduleAddress);
+void AddDllLoadCallback(std::string dll, DllLoadCallbackFuncType callback, std::string tag = "", std::vector<std::string> reliesOn = {});
+void AddDllLoadCallbackForDedicatedServer(
+	std::string dll, DllLoadCallbackFuncType callback, std::string tag = "", std::vector<std::string> reliesOn = {});
+void AddDllLoadCallbackForClient(
+	std::string dll, DllLoadCallbackFuncType callback, std::string tag = "", std::vector<std::string> reliesOn = {});
+
+void CallAllPendingDLLLoadCallbacks();
+
+// new dll load callback stuff
+enum class eDllLoadCallbackSide
+{
+	UNSIDED,
+	CLIENT,
+	DEDICATED_SERVER
+};
+
+class __dllLoadCallback
+{
+public:
+	__dllLoadCallback() = delete;
+	__dllLoadCallback(
+		eDllLoadCallbackSide side,
+		const std::string dllName,
+		DllLoadCallbackFuncType callback,
+		std::string uniqueStr,
+		std::string reliesOn);
+};
+
+#define __CONCAT3(x, y, z) x##y##z
+#define CONCAT3(x, y, z) __CONCAT3(x, y, z)
+#define __CONCAT2(x, y) x##y
+#define CONCAT2(x, y) __CONCAT2(x, y)
+#define __STR(s) #s
+
+// adds a callback to be called when a given dll is loaded, for creating hooks and such
+#define __ON_DLL_LOAD(dllName, side, uniquestr, reliesOn, args)                                                                            \
+	void CONCAT2(__dllLoadCallback, uniquestr) args;                                                                                       \
+	namespace                                                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		__dllLoadCallback CONCAT2(__dllLoadCallbackInstance, __LINE__)(                                                                    \
+			side, dllName, CONCAT2(__dllLoadCallback, uniquestr), __STR(uniquestr), reliesOn);                                             \
+	}                                                                                                                                      \
+	void CONCAT2(__dllLoadCallback, uniquestr) args
+
+#define ON_DLL_LOAD(dllName, uniquestr, args) __ON_DLL_LOAD(dllName, eDllLoadCallbackSide::UNSIDED, uniquestr, "", args)
+#define ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON(dllName, uniquestr, reliesOn, args)                                                                           \
+	__ON_DLL_LOAD(dllName, eDllLoadCallbackSide::UNSIDED, uniquestr, __STR(reliesOn), args)
+#define ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT(dllName, uniquestr, args) __ON_DLL_LOAD(dllName, eDllLoadCallbackSide::CLIENT, uniquestr, "", args)
+#define ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT_RELIESON(dllName, uniquestr, reliesOn, args)                                                                    \
+	__ON_DLL_LOAD(dllName, eDllLoadCallbackSide::CLIENT, uniquestr, __STR(reliesOn), args)
+#define ON_DLL_LOAD_DEDI(dllName, uniquestr, args) __ON_DLL_LOAD(dllName, eDllLoadCallbackSide::DEDICATED_SERVER, uniquestr, "", args)
+#define ON_DLL_LOAD_DEDI_RELIESON(dllName, uniquestr, reliesOn, args)                                                                      \
+	__ON_DLL_LOAD(dllName, eDllLoadCallbackSide::DEDICATED_SERVER, uniquestr, __STR(reliesOn), args)
+
+// new macro hook stuff
+class __autohook;
+class __autovar;
+
+class __fileAutohook
+{
+public:
+	std::vector<__autohook*> hooks;
+	std::vector<__autovar*> vars;
+
+	void Dispatch();
+	void DispatchForModule(const char* pModuleName);
+};
+
+uintptr_t ParseDLLOffsetString(const char* pAddrString);
+
+// initialise autohooks for this file
+#define AUTOHOOK_INIT()                                                                                                                    \
+	namespace                                                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		__fileAutohook __FILEAUTOHOOK;                                                                                                     \
+	}
+
+// dispatch all autohooks in this file
+#define AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH() __FILEAUTOHOOK.Dispatch();
+
+#define AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(moduleName) __FILEAUTOHOOK.DispatchForModule(__STR(moduleName));
+
+class __autohook
+{
+public:
+	enum AddressResolutionMode
+	{
+		OFFSET_STRING, // we're using a string that of the format dllname.dll + offset
+		ABSOLUTE_ADDR, // we're using an absolute address, we don't need to process it at all
+		PROCADDRESS // resolve using GetModuleHandle and GetProcAddress
+	};
+
+	char* pFuncName;
+
+	LPVOID pHookFunc;
+	LPVOID* ppOrigFunc;
+
+	// address resolution props
+	AddressResolutionMode iAddressResolutionMode;
+	char* pAddrString = nullptr; // for OFFSET_STRING
+	LPVOID iAbsoluteAddress = nullptr; // for ABSOLUTE_ADDR
+	char* pModuleName; // for PROCADDRESS
+	char* pProcName; // for PROCADDRESS
+
+public:
+	__autohook() = delete;
+
+	__autohook(__fileAutohook* autohook, const char* funcName, LPVOID absoluteAddress, LPVOID* orig, LPVOID func)
+		: pHookFunc(func), ppOrigFunc(orig), iAbsoluteAddress(absoluteAddress)
+	{
+		iAddressResolutionMode = ABSOLUTE_ADDR;
+
+		const int iFuncNameStrlen = strlen(funcName) + 1;
+		pFuncName = new char[iFuncNameStrlen];
+		memcpy(pFuncName, funcName, iFuncNameStrlen);
+
+		autohook->hooks.push_back(this);
+	}
+
+	__autohook(__fileAutohook* autohook, const char* funcName, const char* addrString, LPVOID* orig, LPVOID func)
+		: pHookFunc(func), ppOrigFunc(orig)
+	{
+		iAddressResolutionMode = OFFSET_STRING;
+
+		const int iFuncNameStrlen = strlen(funcName) + 1;
+		pFuncName = new char[iFuncNameStrlen];
+		memcpy(pFuncName, funcName, iFuncNameStrlen);
+
+		const int iAddrStrlen = strlen(addrString) + 1;
+		pAddrString = new char[iAddrStrlen];
+		memcpy(pAddrString, addrString, iAddrStrlen);
+
+		autohook->hooks.push_back(this);
+	}
+
+	__autohook(__fileAutohook* autohook, const char* funcName, const char* moduleName, const char* procName, LPVOID* orig, LPVOID func)
+		: pHookFunc(func), ppOrigFunc(orig)
+	{
+		iAddressResolutionMode = PROCADDRESS;
+
+		const int iFuncNameStrlen = strlen(funcName) + 1;
+		pFuncName = new char[iFuncNameStrlen];
+		memcpy(pFuncName, funcName, iFuncNameStrlen);
+
+		const int iModuleNameStrlen = strlen(moduleName) + 1;
+		pModuleName = new char[iModuleNameStrlen];
+		memcpy(pModuleName, moduleName, iModuleNameStrlen);
+
+		const int iProcNameStrlen = strlen(procName) + 1;
+		pProcName = new char[iProcNameStrlen];
+		memcpy(pProcName, procName, iProcNameStrlen);
+
+		autohook->hooks.push_back(this);
+	}
+
+	~__autohook()
+	{
+		delete[] pFuncName;
+
+		if (pAddrString)
+			delete[] pAddrString;
+
+		if (pModuleName)
+			delete[] pModuleName;
+
+		if (pProcName)
+			delete[] pProcName;
+	}
+
+	void Dispatch()
+	{
+		LPVOID targetAddr = nullptr;
+
+		// determine the address of the function we're hooking
+		switch (iAddressResolutionMode)
+		{
+		case ABSOLUTE_ADDR:
+		{
+			targetAddr = iAbsoluteAddress;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		case OFFSET_STRING:
+		{
+			targetAddr = (LPVOID)ParseDLLOffsetString(pAddrString);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		case PROCADDRESS:
+		{
+			targetAddr = (LPVOID)GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA(pModuleName), pProcName);
+			break;
+		}
+		}
+
+		if (MH_CreateHook(targetAddr, pHookFunc, ppOrigFunc) == MH_OK)
+		{
+			if (MH_EnableHook(targetAddr) == MH_OK)
+				spdlog::info("Enabling hook {}", pFuncName);
+			else
+				spdlog::error("MH_EnableHook failed for function {}", pFuncName);
+		}
+		else
+			spdlog::error("MH_CreateHook failed for function {}", pFuncName);
+	}
+};
+
+// hook a function at a given offset from a dll to be dispatched with AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+#define AUTOHOOK(name, addrString, type, callingConvention, args)                                                                          \
+	type callingConvention CONCAT2(__autohookfunc, name) args;                                                                             \
+	namespace                                                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		type(*name) args;                                                                                                                  \
+		__autohook CONCAT2(__autohook, __LINE__)(                                                                                          \
+			&__FILEAUTOHOOK, __STR(name), __STR(addrString), (LPVOID*)&name, (LPVOID)CONCAT2(__autohookfunc, name));                       \
+	}                                                                                                                                      \
+	type callingConvention CONCAT2(__autohookfunc, name) args
+
+// hook a function at a given absolute constant address to be dispatched with AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+#define AUTOHOOK_ABSOLUTEADDR(name, addr, type, callingConvention, args)                                                                   \
+	type callingConvention CONCAT2(__autohookfunc, name) args;                                                                             \
+	namespace                                                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		type(*name) args;                                                                                                                  \
+		__autohook                                                                                                                         \
+			CONCAT2(__autohook, __LINE__)(&__FILEAUTOHOOK, __STR(name), addr, (LPVOID*)&name, (LPVOID)CONCAT2(__autohookfunc, name));      \
+	}                                                                                                                                      \
+	type callingConvention CONCAT2(__autohookfunc, name) args
+
+// hook a function at a given module and exported function to be dispatched with AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+#define AUTOHOOK_PROCADDRESS(name, moduleName, procName, type, callingConvention, args)                                                    \
+	type callingConvention CONCAT2(__autohookfunc, name) args;                                                                             \
+	namespace                                                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		type(*name) args;                                                                                                                  \
+		__autohook CONCAT2(__autohook, __LINE__)(                                                                                          \
+			&__FILEAUTOHOOK, __STR(name), __STR(moduleName), __STR(procName), (LPVOID*)&name, (LPVOID)CONCAT2(__autohookfunc, name));      \
+	}                                                                                                                                      \
+	type callingConvention CONCAT2(__autohookfunc, name)                                                                                   \
+	args
+
+class ManualHook
+{
+public:
+	char* pFuncName;
+
+	LPVOID pHookFunc;
+	LPVOID* ppOrigFunc;
+
+public:
+	ManualHook() = delete;
+	ManualHook(const char* funcName, LPVOID func);
+	ManualHook(const char* funcName, LPVOID* orig, LPVOID func);
+	bool Dispatch(LPVOID addr, LPVOID* orig = nullptr);
+};
+
+// hook a function to be dispatched manually later
+#define HOOK(varName, originalFunc, type, callingConvention, args)                                                                         \
+	namespace                                                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		type(*originalFunc) args;                                                                                                          \
+	}                                                                                                                                      \
+	type callingConvention CONCAT2(__manualhookfunc, varName) args;                                                                        \
+	ManualHook varName = ManualHook(__STR(varName), (LPVOID*)&originalFunc, (LPVOID)CONCAT2(__manualhookfunc, varName));                   \
+	type callingConvention CONCAT2(__manualhookfunc, varName) args
+
+#define HOOK_NOORIG(varName, type, callingConvention, args)                                                                                \
+	type callingConvention CONCAT2(__manualhookfunc, varName) args;                                                                        \
+	ManualHook varName = ManualHook(__STR(varName), (LPVOID)CONCAT2(__manualhookfunc, varName));                                           \
+	type callingConvention CONCAT2(__manualhookfunc, varName)                                                                              \
+	args
+
+void MakeHook(LPVOID pTarget, LPVOID pDetour, void* ppOriginal, const char* pFuncName = "");
+#define MAKEHOOK(pTarget, pDetour, ppOriginal) MakeHook((LPVOID)pTarget, (LPVOID)pDetour, (void*)ppOriginal, __STR(pDetour))
+
+class __autovar
+{
+public:
+	char* m_pAddrString;
+	void** m_pTarget;
+
+public:
+	__autovar(__fileAutohook* pAutohook, const char* pAddrString, void** pTarget)
+	{
+		m_pTarget = pTarget;
+
+		const int iAddrStrlen = strlen(pAddrString) + 1;
+		m_pAddrString = new char[iAddrStrlen];
+		memcpy(m_pAddrString, pAddrString, iAddrStrlen);
+
+		pAutohook->vars.push_back(this);
+	}
+
+	void Dispatch()
+	{
+		*m_pTarget = (void*)ParseDLLOffsetString(m_pAddrString);
+	}
+};
+
+// VAR_AT(engine.dll+0x404, ConVar*, Cvar_host_timescale)
+#define VAR_AT(addrString, type, name)                                                                                                     \
+	type name;                                                                                                                             \
+	namespace                                                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		__autovar CONCAT2(__autovar, __LINE__)(&__FILEAUTOHOOK, __STR(addrString), (void**)&name);                                         \
+	}
+
+// FUNCTION_AT(engine.dll + 0xDEADBEEF, void, __fastcall, SomeFunc, (void* a1))
+#define FUNCTION_AT(addrString, type, callingConvention, name, args)                                                                       \
+	type(*name) args;                                                                                                                      \
+	namespace                                                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		__autovar CONCAT2(__autovar, __LINE__)(&__FILEAUTOHOOK, __STR(addrString), (void**)&name);                                         \
+	}
+
+// int* g_pSomeInt;
+// DEFINED_VAR_AT(engine.dll + 0x5005, g_pSomeInt)
+#define DEFINED_VAR_AT(addrString, name)                                                                                                   \
+	namespace                                                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		__autovar CONCAT2(__autovar, __LINE__)(&__FILEAUTOHOOK, __STR(addrString), (void**)&name);                                         \
+	}
diff --git a/primedev/core/macros.h b/primedev/core/macros.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ae944cca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/macros.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+template <typename ReturnType, typename... Args> ReturnType CallVFunc(int index, void* thisPtr, Args... args)
+{
+	return (*reinterpret_cast<ReturnType(__fastcall***)(void*, Args...)>(thisPtr))[index](thisPtr, args...);
+}
+
+template <typename T, size_t index, typename... Args> constexpr T CallVFunc_Alt(void* classBase, Args... args) noexcept
+{
+	return ((*(T(__thiscall***)(void*, Args...))(classBase))[index])(classBase, args...);
+}
+
+#define STR_HASH(s) (std::hash<std::string>()(s))
+
+// Example usage: M_VMETHOD(int, GetEntityIndex, 8, (CBaseEntity* ent), (this, ent))
+#define M_VMETHOD(returnType, name, index, args, argsRaw)                                                                                  \
+	FORCEINLINE returnType name args noexcept                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		return CallVFunc_Alt<returnType, index> argsRaw;                                                                                   \
+	}
diff --git a/primedev/core/math/bitbuf.h b/primedev/core/math/bitbuf.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5ca75455
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/math/bitbuf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1148 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define INLINE inline
+
+#define BITS_PER_INT 32
+
+INLINE int GetBitForBitnum(int bitNum)
+{
+	static int bitsForBitnum[] = {
+		(1 << 0),  (1 << 1),  (1 << 2),	 (1 << 3),	(1 << 4),  (1 << 5),  (1 << 6),	 (1 << 7),	(1 << 8),  (1 << 9),  (1 << 10),
+		(1 << 11), (1 << 12), (1 << 13), (1 << 14), (1 << 15), (1 << 16), (1 << 17), (1 << 18), (1 << 19), (1 << 20), (1 << 21),
+		(1 << 22), (1 << 23), (1 << 24), (1 << 25), (1 << 26), (1 << 27), (1 << 28), (1 << 29), (1 << 30), (1 << 31),
+	};
+
+	return bitsForBitnum[(bitNum) & (BITS_PER_INT - 1)];
+}
+
+#undef BITS_PER_INT
+
+using u8 = uint8_t;
+using u16 = uint16_t;
+using u32 = uint32_t;
+using u64 = uint64_t;
+using uptr = uintptr_t;
+
+using i8 = int8_t;
+using i16 = int16_t;
+using i32 = int32_t;
+using i64 = int64_t;
+using iptr = intptr_t;
+
+// Endianess, don't use on PPC64 nor ARM64BE
+#define LittleDWord(val) (val)
+
+static INLINE void StoreLittleDWord(u32* base, size_t dwordIndex, u32 dword)
+{
+	base[dwordIndex] = LittleDWord(dword);
+}
+
+static INLINE u32 LoadLittleDWord(u32* base, size_t dwordIndex)
+{
+	return LittleDWord(base[dwordIndex]);
+}
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+static inline const u32 s_nMaskTable[33] = {
+	0,
+	(1 << 1) - 1,
+	(1 << 2) - 1,
+	(1 << 3) - 1,
+	(1 << 4) - 1,
+	(1 << 5) - 1,
+	(1 << 6) - 1,
+	(1 << 7) - 1,
+	(1 << 8) - 1,
+	(1 << 9) - 1,
+	(1 << 10) - 1,
+	(1 << 11) - 1,
+	(1 << 12) - 1,
+	(1 << 13) - 1,
+	(1 << 14) - 1,
+	(1 << 15) - 1,
+	(1 << 16) - 1,
+	(1 << 17) - 1,
+	(1 << 18) - 1,
+	(1 << 19) - 1,
+	(1 << 20) - 1,
+	(1 << 21) - 1,
+	(1 << 22) - 1,
+	(1 << 23) - 1,
+	(1 << 24) - 1,
+	(1 << 25) - 1,
+	(1 << 26) - 1,
+	(1 << 27) - 1,
+	(1 << 28) - 1,
+	(1 << 29) - 1,
+	(1 << 30) - 1,
+	0x7fffffff,
+	0xffffffff,
+};
+
+enum EBitCoordType
+{
+	kCW_None,
+	kCW_LowPrecision,
+	kCW_Integral
+};
+
+class BitBufferBase
+{
+protected:
+	INLINE void SetName(const char* name)
+	{
+		m_BufferName = name;
+	}
+
+public:
+	INLINE bool IsOverflowed()
+	{
+		return m_Overflow;
+	}
+	INLINE void SetOverflowed()
+	{
+		m_Overflow = true;
+	}
+
+	INLINE const char* GetName()
+	{
+		return m_BufferName;
+	}
+
+private:
+	const char* m_BufferName = "";
+
+protected:
+	u8 m_Overflow = false;
+};
+
+class BFRead : public BitBufferBase
+{
+public:
+	BFRead() = default;
+
+	INLINE BFRead(uptr data, size_t byteLength, size_t startPos = 0, const char* bufferName = 0)
+	{
+		StartReading(data, byteLength, startPos);
+
+		if (bufferName)
+			SetName(bufferName);
+	}
+
+public:
+	INLINE void StartReading(uptr data, size_t byteLength, size_t startPos = 0)
+	{
+		m_Data = reinterpret_cast<u32 const*>(data);
+		m_DataIn = m_Data;
+
+		m_DataBytes = byteLength;
+		m_DataBits = byteLength << 3;
+
+		m_DataEnd = reinterpret_cast<u32 const*>(reinterpret_cast<u8 const*>(m_Data) + m_DataBytes);
+
+		Seek(startPos);
+	}
+
+	INLINE void GrabNextDWord(bool overflow = false)
+	{
+		if (m_Data == m_DataEnd)
+		{
+			m_CachedBitsLeft = 1;
+			m_CachedBufWord = 0;
+
+			m_DataIn++;
+
+			if (overflow)
+				SetOverflowed();
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if (m_DataIn > m_DataEnd)
+			{
+				SetOverflowed();
+				m_CachedBufWord = 0;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				m_CachedBufWord = LittleDWord(*(m_DataIn++));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	INLINE void FetchNext()
+	{
+		m_CachedBitsLeft = 32;
+		GrabNextDWord(false);
+	}
+
+	INLINE i32 ReadOneBit()
+	{
+		i32 ret = m_CachedBufWord & 1;
+
+		if (--m_CachedBitsLeft == 0)
+			FetchNext();
+		else
+			m_CachedBufWord >>= 1;
+
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	INLINE u32 ReadUBitLong(i32 numBits)
+	{
+		if (m_CachedBitsLeft >= numBits)
+		{
+			u32 ret = m_CachedBufWord & s_nMaskTable[numBits];
+
+			m_CachedBitsLeft -= numBits;
+
+			if (m_CachedBitsLeft)
+				m_CachedBufWord >>= numBits;
+			else
+				FetchNext();
+
+			return ret;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			// need to merge words
+			u32 ret = m_CachedBufWord;
+			numBits -= m_CachedBitsLeft;
+
+			GrabNextDWord(true);
+
+			if (IsOverflowed())
+				return 0;
+
+			ret |= ((m_CachedBufWord & s_nMaskTable[numBits]) << m_CachedBitsLeft);
+
+			m_CachedBitsLeft = 32 - numBits;
+			m_CachedBufWord >>= numBits;
+
+			return ret;
+		}
+	}
+
+	INLINE i32 ReadSBitLong(int numBits)
+	{
+		i32 ret = ReadUBitLong(numBits);
+		return (ret << (32 - numBits)) >> (32 - numBits);
+	}
+
+	INLINE u32 ReadUBitVar()
+	{
+		u32 ret = ReadUBitLong(6);
+
+		switch (ret & (16 | 32))
+		{
+		case 16:
+			ret = (ret & 15) | (ReadUBitLong(4) << 4);
+			// Assert(ret >= 16);
+			break;
+		case 32:
+			ret = (ret & 15) | (ReadUBitLong(8) << 4);
+			// Assert(ret >= 256);
+			break;
+		case 48:
+			ret = (ret & 15) | (ReadUBitLong(32 - 4) << 4);
+			// Assert(ret >= 4096);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	INLINE u32 PeekUBitLong(i32 numBits)
+	{
+		i32 nSaveBA = m_CachedBitsLeft;
+		i32 nSaveW = m_CachedBufWord;
+		u32 const* pSaveP = m_DataIn;
+		u32 nRet = ReadUBitLong(numBits);
+
+		m_CachedBitsLeft = nSaveBA;
+		m_CachedBufWord = nSaveW;
+		m_DataIn = pSaveP;
+
+		return nRet;
+	}
+
+	INLINE float ReadBitFloat()
+	{
+		u32 value = ReadUBitLong(32);
+		return *reinterpret_cast<float*>(&value);
+	}
+
+	/*INLINE float ReadBitCoord() {
+		i32   intval = 0, fractval = 0, signbit = 0;
+		float value = 0.0;
+
+		// Read the required integer and fraction flags
+		intval = ReadOneBit();
+		fractval = ReadOneBit();
+
+		// If we got either parse them, otherwise it's a zero.
+		if (intval || fractval) {
+			// Read the sign bit
+			signbit = ReadOneBit();
+
+			// If there's an integer, read it in
+			if (intval) {
+				// Adjust the integers from [0..MAX_COORD_VALUE-1] to [1..MAX_COORD_VALUE]
+				intval = ReadUBitLong(COORD_INTEGER_BITS) + 1;
+			}
+
+			// If there's a fraction, read it in
+			if (fractval) {
+				fractval = ReadUBitLong(COORD_FRACTIONAL_BITS);
+			}
+
+			// Calculate the correct floating point value
+			value = intval + ((float)fractval * COORD_RESOLUTION);
+
+			// Fixup the sign if negative.
+			if (signbit)
+				value = -value;
+		}
+
+		return value;
+	}
+
+	INLINE float ReadBitCoordMP() {
+		i32   intval = 0, fractval = 0, signbit = 0;
+		float value = 0.0;
+
+		bool inBounds = ReadOneBit() ? true : false;
+
+		// Read the required integer and fraction flags
+		intval = ReadOneBit();
+
+		// If we got either parse them, otherwise it's a zero.
+		if (intval) {
+			// Read the sign bit
+			signbit = ReadOneBit();
+
+			// If there's an integer, read it in
+			// Adjust the integers from [0..MAX_COORD_VALUE-1] to [1..MAX_COORD_VALUE]
+			if (inBounds)
+				value = ReadUBitLong(COORD_INTEGER_BITS_MP) + 1;
+			else
+				value = ReadUBitLong(COORD_INTEGER_BITS) + 1;
+		}
+
+		// Fixup the sign if negative.
+		if (signbit)
+			value = -value;
+
+		return value;
+	}
+
+	INLINE float ReadBitCellCoord(int bits, EBitCoordType coordType) {
+		bool bIntegral = (coordType == kCW_Integral);
+		bool bLowPrecision = (coordType == kCW_LowPrecision);
+
+		int   intval = 0, fractval = 0;
+		float value = 0.0;
+
+		if (bIntegral)
+			value = ReadUBitLong(bits);
+		else {
+			intval = ReadUBitLong(bits);
+
+			// If there's a fraction, read it in
+			fractval = ReadUBitLong(bLowPrecision ? COORD_FRACTIONAL_BITS_MP_LOWPRECISION : COORD_FRACTIONAL_BITS);
+
+			// Calculate the correct floating point value
+			value = intval + ((float)fractval * (bLowPrecision ? COORD_RESOLUTION_LOWPRECISION : COORD_RESOLUTION));
+		}
+
+		return value;
+	}
+
+	INLINE float ReadBitNormal() {
+		// Read the sign bit
+		i32 signbit = ReadOneBit();
+
+		// Read the fractional part
+		u32 fractval = ReadUBitLong(NORMAL_FRACTIONAL_BITS);
+
+		// Calculate the correct floating point value
+		float value = (float)fractval * NORMAL_RESOLUTION;
+
+		// Fixup the sign if negative.
+		if (signbit)
+			value = -value;
+
+		return value;
+	}
+
+	INLINE void ReadBitVec3Coord(Vector& fa) {
+		i32 xflag, yflag, zflag;
+
+		// This vector must be initialized! Otherwise, If any of the flags aren't set,
+		// the corresponding component will not be read and will be stack garbage.
+		fa.Init(0, 0, 0);
+
+		xflag = ReadOneBit();
+		yflag = ReadOneBit();
+		zflag = ReadOneBit();
+
+		if (xflag)
+			fa[0] = ReadBitCoord();
+		if (yflag)
+			fa[1] = ReadBitCoord();
+		if (zflag)
+			fa[2] = ReadBitCoord();
+	}
+
+	INLINE void ReadBitVec3Normal(Vector& fa) {
+		i32 xflag = ReadOneBit();
+		i32 yflag = ReadOneBit();
+
+		if (xflag)
+			fa[0] = ReadBitNormal();
+		else
+			fa[0] = 0.0f;
+
+		if (yflag)
+			fa[1] = ReadBitNormal();
+		else
+			fa[1] = 0.0f;
+
+		// The first two imply the third (but not its sign)
+		i32 znegative = ReadOneBit();
+
+		float fafafbfb = fa[0] * fa[0] + fa[1] * fa[1];
+		if (fafafbfb < 1.0f)
+			fa[2] = sqrt(1.0f - fafafbfb);
+		else
+			fa[2] = 0.0f;
+
+		if (znegative)
+			fa[2] = -fa[2];
+	}
+
+	INLINE void ReadBitAngles(QAngle& fa) {
+		Vector tmp;
+		ReadBitVec3Coord(tmp);
+		fa.Init(tmp.x, tmp.y, tmp.z);
+	}*/
+
+	INLINE float ReadBitAngle(int numBits)
+	{
+		float shift = (float)(GetBitForBitnum(numBits));
+
+		i32 i = ReadUBitLong(numBits);
+		float fReturn = (float)i * (360.0 / shift);
+
+		return fReturn;
+	}
+
+	INLINE i32 ReadChar()
+	{
+		return ReadSBitLong(sizeof(char) << 3);
+	}
+	INLINE u32 ReadByte()
+	{
+		return ReadUBitLong(sizeof(unsigned char) << 3);
+	}
+
+	INLINE i32 ReadShort()
+	{
+		return ReadSBitLong(sizeof(short) << 3);
+	}
+	INLINE u32 ReadWord()
+	{
+		return ReadUBitLong(sizeof(unsigned short) << 3);
+	}
+
+	INLINE i32 ReadLong()
+	{
+		return (i32)(ReadUBitLong(sizeof(i32) << 3));
+	}
+	INLINE float ReadFloat()
+	{
+		u32 temp = ReadUBitLong(sizeof(float) << 3);
+		return *reinterpret_cast<float*>(&temp);
+	}
+
+	INLINE u32 ReadVarInt32()
+	{
+		constexpr int kMaxVarint32Bytes = 5;
+
+		u32 result = 0;
+		int count = 0;
+		u32 b;
+
+		do
+		{
+			if (count == kMaxVarint32Bytes)
+				return result;
+
+			b = ReadUBitLong(8);
+			result |= (b & 0x7F) << (7 * count);
+			++count;
+		} while (b & 0x80);
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	INLINE u64 ReadVarInt64()
+	{
+		constexpr int kMaxVarintBytes = 10;
+
+		u64 result = 0;
+		int count = 0;
+		u64 b;
+
+		do
+		{
+			if (count == kMaxVarintBytes)
+				return result;
+
+			b = ReadUBitLong(8);
+			result |= static_cast<u64>(b & 0x7F) << (7 * count);
+			++count;
+		} while (b & 0x80);
+
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	INLINE void ReadBits(uptr outData, u32 bitLength)
+	{
+		u8* out = reinterpret_cast<u8*>(outData);
+		int bitsLeft = bitLength;
+
+		// align output to dword boundary
+		while (((uptr)out & 3) != 0 && bitsLeft >= 8)
+		{
+			*out = (unsigned char)ReadUBitLong(8);
+			++out;
+			bitsLeft -= 8;
+		}
+
+		// read dwords
+		while (bitsLeft >= 32)
+		{
+			*((u32*)out) = ReadUBitLong(32);
+			out += sizeof(u32);
+			bitsLeft -= 32;
+		}
+
+		// read remaining bytes
+		while (bitsLeft >= 8)
+		{
+			*out = ReadUBitLong(8);
+			++out;
+			bitsLeft -= 8;
+		}
+
+		// read remaining bits
+		if (bitsLeft)
+			*out = ReadUBitLong(bitsLeft);
+	}
+
+	INLINE bool ReadBytes(uptr outData, u32 byteLength)
+	{
+		ReadBits(outData, byteLength << 3);
+		return !IsOverflowed();
+	}
+
+	INLINE bool ReadString(char* str, i32 maxLength, bool stopAtLineTermination = false, i32* outNumChars = 0)
+	{
+		bool tooSmall = false;
+		int iChar = 0;
+
+		while (1)
+		{
+			char val = ReadChar();
+
+			if (val == 0)
+				break;
+			else if (stopAtLineTermination && val == '\n')
+				break;
+
+			if (iChar < (maxLength - 1))
+			{
+				str[iChar] = val;
+				++iChar;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				tooSmall = true;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Make sure it's null-terminated.
+		// Assert(iChar < maxLength);
+		str[iChar] = 0;
+
+		if (outNumChars)
+			*outNumChars = iChar;
+
+		return !IsOverflowed() && !tooSmall;
+	}
+
+	INLINE char* ReadAndAllocateString(bool* hasOverflowed = 0)
+	{
+		char str[2048];
+
+		int chars = 0;
+		bool overflowed = !ReadString(str, sizeof(str), false, &chars);
+
+		if (hasOverflowed)
+			*hasOverflowed = overflowed;
+
+		// Now copy into the output and return it;
+		char* ret = new char[chars + 1];
+		for (u32 i = 0; i <= chars; i++)
+			ret[i] = str[i];
+
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	INLINE i64 ReadLongLong()
+	{
+		i64 retval;
+		u32* longs = (u32*)&retval;
+
+		// Read the two DWORDs according to network endian
+		const short endianIndex = 0x0100;
+		u8* idx = (u8*)&endianIndex;
+
+		longs[*idx++] = ReadUBitLong(sizeof(i32) << 3);
+		longs[*idx] = ReadUBitLong(sizeof(i32) << 3);
+
+		return retval;
+	}
+
+	INLINE bool Seek(size_t startPos)
+	{
+		bool bSucc = true;
+
+		if (startPos < 0 || startPos > m_DataBits)
+		{
+			SetOverflowed();
+			bSucc = false;
+			startPos = m_DataBits;
+		}
+
+		// non-multiple-of-4 bytes at head of buffer. We put the "round off"
+		// at the head to make reading and detecting the end efficient.
+		int nHead = m_DataBytes & 3;
+
+		int posBytes = startPos / 8;
+		if ((m_DataBytes < 4) || (nHead && (posBytes < nHead)))
+		{
+			// partial first dword
+			u8 const* partial = (u8 const*)m_Data;
+
+			if (m_Data)
+			{
+				m_CachedBufWord = *(partial++);
+				if (nHead > 1)
+					m_CachedBufWord |= (*partial++) << 8;
+				if (nHead > 2)
+					m_CachedBufWord |= (*partial++) << 16;
+			}
+
+			m_DataIn = (u32 const*)partial;
+
+			m_CachedBufWord >>= (startPos & 31);
+			m_CachedBitsLeft = (nHead << 3) - (startPos & 31);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			int adjustedPos = startPos - (nHead << 3);
+
+			m_DataIn = reinterpret_cast<u32 const*>(reinterpret_cast<u8 const*>(m_Data) + ((adjustedPos / 32) << 2) + nHead);
+
+			if (m_Data)
+			{
+				m_CachedBitsLeft = 32;
+				GrabNextDWord();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				m_CachedBufWord = 0;
+				m_CachedBitsLeft = 1;
+			}
+
+			m_CachedBufWord >>= (adjustedPos & 31);
+			m_CachedBitsLeft = std::min(m_CachedBitsLeft, u32(32 - (adjustedPos & 31))); // in case grabnextdword overflowed
+		}
+
+		return bSucc;
+	}
+
+	INLINE size_t GetNumBitsRead()
+	{
+		if (!m_Data)
+			return 0;
+
+		size_t nCurOfs = size_t(((iptr(m_DataIn) - iptr(m_Data)) / 4) - 1);
+		nCurOfs *= 32;
+		nCurOfs += (32 - m_CachedBitsLeft);
+
+		size_t nAdjust = 8 * (m_DataBytes & 3);
+		return std::min(nCurOfs + nAdjust, m_DataBits);
+	}
+
+	INLINE bool SeekRelative(size_t offset)
+	{
+		return Seek(GetNumBitsRead() + offset);
+	}
+
+	INLINE size_t TotalBytesAvailable()
+	{
+		return m_DataBytes;
+	}
+
+	INLINE size_t GetNumBitsLeft()
+	{
+		return m_DataBits - GetNumBitsRead();
+	}
+	INLINE size_t GetNumBytesLeft()
+	{
+		return GetNumBitsLeft() >> 3;
+	}
+
+private:
+	size_t m_DataBits; // 0x0010
+	size_t m_DataBytes; // 0x0018
+
+	u32 m_CachedBufWord; // 0x0020
+	u32 m_CachedBitsLeft; // 0x0024
+
+	const u32* m_DataIn; // 0x0028
+	const u32* m_DataEnd; // 0x0030
+	const u32* m_Data; // 0x0038
+};
+
+class BFWrite : public BitBufferBase
+{
+public:
+	BFWrite() = default;
+
+	INLINE BFWrite(uptr data, size_t byteLength, const char* bufferName = 0)
+	{
+		StartWriting(data, byteLength);
+
+		if (bufferName)
+			SetName(bufferName);
+	}
+
+public:
+	INLINE void StartWriting(uptr data, size_t byteLength)
+	{
+		m_Data = reinterpret_cast<u32*>(data);
+		m_DataOut = m_Data;
+
+		m_DataBytes = byteLength;
+		m_DataBits = byteLength << 3;
+
+		m_DataEnd = reinterpret_cast<u32*>(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(m_Data) + m_DataBytes);
+	}
+
+	INLINE int GetNumBitsLeft()
+	{
+		return m_OutBitsLeft + (32 * (m_DataEnd - m_DataOut - 1));
+	}
+
+	INLINE void Reset()
+	{
+		m_Overflow = false;
+		m_OutBufWord = 0;
+		m_OutBitsLeft = 32;
+		m_DataOut = m_Data;
+	}
+
+	INLINE void TempFlush()
+	{
+		if (m_OutBitsLeft != 32)
+		{
+			if (m_DataOut == m_DataEnd)
+				SetOverflowed();
+			else
+				StoreLittleDWord(m_DataOut, 0, LoadLittleDWord(m_DataOut, 0) & ~s_nMaskTable[32 - m_OutBitsLeft] | m_OutBufWord);
+		}
+
+		m_Flushed = true;
+	}
+
+	INLINE u8* GetBasePointer()
+	{
+		TempFlush();
+		return reinterpret_cast<u8*>(m_Data);
+	}
+
+	INLINE u8* GetData()
+	{
+		return GetBasePointer();
+	}
+
+	INLINE void Finish()
+	{
+		if (m_OutBitsLeft != 32)
+		{
+			if (m_DataOut == m_DataEnd)
+				SetOverflowed();
+
+			StoreLittleDWord(m_DataOut, 0, m_OutBufWord);
+		}
+	}
+
+	INLINE void FlushNoCheck()
+	{
+		StoreLittleDWord(m_DataOut++, 0, m_OutBufWord);
+
+		m_OutBitsLeft = 32;
+		m_OutBufWord = 0;
+	}
+
+	INLINE void Flush()
+	{
+		if (m_DataOut == m_DataEnd)
+			SetOverflowed();
+		else
+			StoreLittleDWord(m_DataOut++, 0, m_OutBufWord);
+
+		m_OutBitsLeft = 32;
+		m_OutBufWord = 0;
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteOneBitNoCheck(i32 value)
+	{
+		m_OutBufWord |= (value & 1) << (32 - m_OutBitsLeft);
+
+		if (--m_OutBitsLeft == 0)
+			FlushNoCheck();
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteOneBit(i32 value)
+	{
+		m_OutBufWord |= (value & 1) << (32 - m_OutBitsLeft);
+
+		if (--m_OutBitsLeft == 0)
+			Flush();
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteUBitLong(u32 data, i32 numBits, bool checkRange = true)
+	{
+		if (numBits <= m_OutBitsLeft)
+		{
+			if (checkRange)
+				m_OutBufWord |= (data) << (32 - m_OutBitsLeft);
+			else
+				m_OutBufWord |= (data & s_nMaskTable[numBits]) << (32 - m_OutBitsLeft);
+
+			m_OutBitsLeft -= numBits;
+
+			if (m_OutBitsLeft == 0)
+				Flush();
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			// split dwords case
+			i32 overflowBits = (numBits - m_OutBitsLeft);
+			m_OutBufWord |= (data & s_nMaskTable[m_OutBitsLeft]) << (32 - m_OutBitsLeft);
+			Flush();
+			m_OutBufWord = (data >> (numBits - overflowBits));
+			m_OutBitsLeft = 32 - overflowBits;
+		}
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteSBitLong(i32 data, i32 numBits)
+	{
+		WriteUBitLong((u32)data, numBits, false);
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteUBitVar(u32 n)
+	{
+		if (n < 16)
+			WriteUBitLong(n, 6);
+		else if (n < 256)
+			WriteUBitLong((n & 15) | 16 | ((n & (128 | 64 | 32 | 16)) << 2), 10);
+		else if (n < 4096)
+			WriteUBitLong((n & 15) | 32 | ((n & (2048 | 1024 | 512 | 256 | 128 | 64 | 32 | 16)) << 2), 14);
+		else
+		{
+			WriteUBitLong((n & 15) | 48, 6);
+			WriteUBitLong((n >> 4), 32 - 4);
+		}
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteBitFloat(float value)
+	{
+		auto temp = &value;
+		WriteUBitLong(*reinterpret_cast<u32*>(temp), 32);
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteFloat(float value)
+	{
+		auto temp = &value;
+		WriteUBitLong(*reinterpret_cast<u32*>(temp), 32);
+	}
+
+	INLINE bool WriteBits(const uptr data, i32 numBits)
+	{
+		u8* out = (u8*)data;
+		i32 numBitsLeft = numBits;
+
+		// Bounds checking..
+		if ((GetNumBitsWritten() + numBits) > m_DataBits)
+		{
+			SetOverflowed();
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// !! speed!! need fast paths
+		// write remaining bytes
+		while (numBitsLeft >= 8)
+		{
+			WriteUBitLong(*out, 8, false);
+			++out;
+			numBitsLeft -= 8;
+		}
+
+		// write remaining bits
+		if (numBitsLeft)
+			WriteUBitLong(*out, numBitsLeft, false);
+
+		return !IsOverflowed();
+	}
+
+	INLINE bool WriteBytes(const uptr data, i32 numBytes)
+	{
+		return WriteBits(data, numBytes << 3);
+	}
+
+	INLINE i32 GetNumBitsWritten()
+	{
+		return (32 - m_OutBitsLeft) + (32 * (m_DataOut - m_Data));
+	}
+
+	INLINE i32 GetNumBytesWritten()
+	{
+		return (GetNumBitsWritten() + 7) >> 3;
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteChar(i32 val)
+	{
+		WriteSBitLong(val, sizeof(char) << 3);
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteByte(i32 val)
+	{
+		WriteUBitLong(val, sizeof(unsigned char) << 3, false);
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteShort(i32 val)
+	{
+		WriteSBitLong(val, sizeof(short) << 3);
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteWord(i32 val)
+	{
+		WriteUBitLong(val, sizeof(unsigned short) << 3);
+	}
+
+	INLINE bool WriteString(const char* str)
+	{
+		if (str)
+			while (*str)
+				WriteChar(*(str++));
+
+		WriteChar(0);
+
+		return !IsOverflowed();
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteLongLong(i64 val)
+	{
+		u32* pLongs = (u32*)&val;
+
+		// Insert the two DWORDS according to network endian
+		const short endianIndex = 0x0100;
+		u8* idx = (u8*)&endianIndex;
+
+		WriteUBitLong(pLongs[*idx++], sizeof(i32) << 3);
+		WriteUBitLong(pLongs[*idx], sizeof(i32) << 3);
+	}
+
+	/*INLINE void WriteBitCoord(const float f) {
+		i32 signbit = (f <= -COORD_RESOLUTION);
+		i32 intval = (i32)abs(f);
+		i32 fractval = abs((i32)(f * COORD_DENOMINATOR)) & (COORD_DENOMINATOR - 1);
+
+		// Send the bit flags that indicate whether we have an integer part and/or a fraction part.
+		WriteOneBit(intval);
+		WriteOneBit(fractval);
+
+		if (intval || fractval) {
+			// Send the sign bit
+			WriteOneBit(signbit);
+
+			// Send the integer if we have one.
+			if (intval) {
+				// Adjust the integers from [1..MAX_COORD_VALUE] to [0..MAX_COORD_VALUE-1]
+				intval--;
+				WriteUBitLong((u32)intval, COORD_INTEGER_BITS);
+			}
+
+			// Send the fraction if we have one
+			if (fractval) {
+				WriteUBitLong((u32)fractval, COORD_FRACTIONAL_BITS);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteBitCoordMP(const float f) {
+		i32 signbit = (f <= -COORD_RESOLUTION);
+		i32 intval = (i32)abs(f);
+		i32 fractval = (abs((i32)(f * COORD_DENOMINATOR)) & (COORD_DENOMINATOR - 1));
+
+		bool bInBounds = intval < (1 << COORD_INTEGER_BITS_MP);
+
+		WriteOneBit(bInBounds);
+
+		// Send the sign bit
+		WriteOneBit(intval);
+
+		if (intval) {
+			WriteOneBit(signbit);
+
+			// Send the integer if we have one.
+			// Adjust the integers from [1..MAX_COORD_VALUE] to [0..MAX_COORD_VALUE-1]
+			intval--;
+
+			if (bInBounds)
+				WriteUBitLong((u32)intval, COORD_INTEGER_BITS_MP);
+			else
+				WriteUBitLong((u32)intval, COORD_INTEGER_BITS);
+		}
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteBitCellCoord(const float f, int bits, EBitCoordType coordType) {
+		bool bIntegral = (coordType == kCW_Integral);
+		bool bLowPrecision = (coordType == kCW_LowPrecision);
+
+		i32 intval = (i32)abs(f);
+		i32 fractval = bLowPrecision ? (abs((i32)(f * COORD_DENOMINATOR_LOWPRECISION)) & (COORD_DENOMINATOR_LOWPRECISION - 1)) :
+	(abs((i32)(f * COORD_DENOMINATOR)) & (COORD_DENOMINATOR - 1));
+
+		if (bIntegral)
+			WriteUBitLong((u32)intval, bits);
+		else {
+			WriteUBitLong((u32)intval, bits);
+			WriteUBitLong((u32)fractval, bLowPrecision ? COORD_FRACTIONAL_BITS_MP_LOWPRECISION : COORD_FRACTIONAL_BITS);
+		}
+	}*/
+
+	INLINE void SeekToBit(int bit)
+	{
+		TempFlush();
+
+		m_DataOut = m_Data + (bit / 32);
+		m_OutBufWord = LoadLittleDWord(m_DataOut, 0);
+		m_OutBitsLeft = 32 - (bit & 31);
+	}
+
+	/*INLINE void WriteBitVec3Coord(const Vector& fa) {
+		i32 xflag, yflag, zflag;
+
+		xflag = (fa[0] >= COORD_RESOLUTION) || (fa[0] <= -COORD_RESOLUTION);
+		yflag = (fa[1] >= COORD_RESOLUTION) || (fa[1] <= -COORD_RESOLUTION);
+		zflag = (fa[2] >= COORD_RESOLUTION) || (fa[2] <= -COORD_RESOLUTION);
+
+		WriteOneBit(xflag);
+		WriteOneBit(yflag);
+		WriteOneBit(zflag);
+
+		if (xflag)
+			WriteBitCoord(fa[0]);
+		if (yflag)
+			WriteBitCoord(fa[1]);
+		if (zflag)
+			WriteBitCoord(fa[2]);
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteBitNormal(float f) {
+		i32 signbit = (f <= -NORMAL_RESOLUTION);
+
+		// NOTE: Since +/-1 are valid values for a normal, I'm going to encode that as all ones
+		u32 fractval = abs((i32)(f * NORMAL_DENOMINATOR));
+
+		// clamp..
+		if (fractval > NORMAL_DENOMINATOR)
+			fractval = NORMAL_DENOMINATOR;
+
+		// Send the sign bit
+		WriteOneBit(signbit);
+
+		// Send the fractional component
+		WriteUBitLong(fractval, NORMAL_FRACTIONAL_BITS);
+	}
+
+	INLINE void WriteBitVec3Normal(const Vector& fa) {
+		i32 xflag, yflag;
+
+		xflag = (fa[0] >= NORMAL_RESOLUTION) || (fa[0] <= -NORMAL_RESOLUTION);
+		yflag = (fa[1] >= NORMAL_RESOLUTION) || (fa[1] <= -NORMAL_RESOLUTION);
+
+		WriteOneBit(xflag);
+		WriteOneBit(yflag);
+
+		if (xflag)
+			WriteBitNormal(fa[0]);
+		if (yflag)
+			WriteBitNormal(fa[1]);
+
+		// Write z sign bit
+		i32 signbit = (fa[2] <= -NORMAL_RESOLUTION);
+		WriteOneBit(signbit);
+	}*/
+
+	INLINE void WriteBitAngle(float angle, int numBits)
+	{
+		u32 shift = GetBitForBitnum(numBits);
+		u32 mask = shift - 1;
+
+		i32 d = (i32)((angle / 360.0) * shift);
+		d &= mask;
+
+		WriteUBitLong((u32)d, numBits);
+	}
+
+	INLINE bool WriteBitsFromBuffer(BFRead* in, int numBits)
+	{
+		while (numBits > 32)
+		{
+			WriteUBitLong(in->ReadUBitLong(32), 32);
+			numBits -= 32;
+		}
+
+		WriteUBitLong(in->ReadUBitLong(numBits), numBits);
+		return !IsOverflowed() && !in->IsOverflowed();
+	}
+
+	/*INLINE void WriteBitAngles(const QAngle& fa) {
+		// FIXME:
+		Vector tmp(fa.x, fa.y, fa.z);
+		WriteBitVec3Coord(tmp);
+	}*/
+
+private:
+	size_t m_DataBits = 0;
+	size_t m_DataBytes = 0;
+
+	u32 m_OutBufWord = 0;
+	u32 m_OutBitsLeft = 32;
+
+	u32* m_DataOut = nullptr;
+	u32* m_DataEnd = nullptr;
+	u32* m_Data = nullptr;
+
+	bool m_Flushed = false; // :flushed:
+};
+
+#undef INLINE
diff --git a/primedev/core/math/bits.cpp b/primedev/core/math/bits.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c879a45c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/math/bits.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+//=============================================================================//
+//
+// Purpose: look for NANs, infinities, and underflows.
+//
+//=============================================================================//
+
+#include "bits.h"
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This follows the ANSI/IEEE 754-1985 standard
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+unsigned long& FloatBits(float& f)
+{
+	return *reinterpret_cast<unsigned long*>(&f);
+}
+
+unsigned long const& FloatBits(float const& f)
+{
+	return *reinterpret_cast<unsigned long const*>(&f);
+}
+
+float BitsToFloat(unsigned long i)
+{
+	return *reinterpret_cast<float*>(&i);
+}
+
+bool IsFinite(float f)
+{
+	return ((FloatBits(f) & 0x7F800000) != 0x7F800000);
+}
+
+unsigned long FloatAbsBits(float f)
+{
+	return FloatBits(f) & 0x7FFFFFFF;
+}
+
+float FloatMakePositive(float f)
+{
+	return fabsf(f);
+}
+
+float FloatNegate(float f)
+{
+	return -f; // BitsToFloat( FloatBits(f) ^ 0x80000000 );
+}
diff --git a/primedev/core/math/bits.h b/primedev/core/math/bits.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0532a9bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/math/bits.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+
+unsigned long& FloatBits(float& f);
+unsigned long const& FloatBits(float const& f);
+float BitsToFloat(unsigned long i);
+bool IsFinite(float f);
+unsigned long FloatAbsBits(float f);
+
+#define FLOAT32_NAN_BITS (std::uint32_t)0x7FC00000 // NaN!
+#define FLOAT32_NAN BitsToFloat(FLOAT32_NAN_BITS)
diff --git a/primedev/core/math/color.cpp b/primedev/core/math/color.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b98043a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/math/color.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+
+// clang-format off
+namespace NS::Colors
+{
+	Color SCRIPT_UI		(100, 255, 255);
+	Color SCRIPT_CL		(100, 255, 100);
+	Color SCRIPT_SV		(255, 100, 255);
+	Color NATIVE_UI		(50 , 150, 150);
+	Color NATIVE_CL		(50 , 150, 50 );
+	Color NATIVE_SV		(150, 50 , 150);
+	Color NATIVE_ENGINE	(252, 133, 153);
+	Color FILESYSTEM	(0  , 150, 150);
+	Color RPAK			(255, 190, 0  );
+	Color NORTHSTAR		(66 , 72 , 128);
+	Color ECHO			(150, 150, 159);
+	Color PLUGINSYS		(244, 60 , 14);
+	Color PLUGIN		(244, 106, 14);
+
+	Color TRACE		(0  , 255, 255);
+	Color DEBUG		(0  , 255, 255);
+	Color INFO		(16 , 160, 16 );
+	Color WARN		(255, 255, 0  );
+	Color ERR		(255, 50 , 50 );
+	Color CRIT		(255, 0  , 0  );
+	Color OFF		(0  , 0  , 0  );
+};
+// clang-format on
diff --git a/primedev/core/math/color.h b/primedev/core/math/color.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..013c4e4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/math/color.h
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+#pragma once
+
+struct color24
+{
+	uint8_t r, g, b;
+};
+
+typedef struct color32_s
+{
+	bool operator!=(const struct color32_s& other) const
+	{
+		return r != other.r || g != other.g || b != other.b || a != other.a;
+	}
+	inline unsigned* asInt(void)
+	{
+		return reinterpret_cast<unsigned*>(this);
+	}
+	inline const unsigned* asInt(void) const
+	{
+		return reinterpret_cast<const unsigned*>(this);
+	}
+	inline void Copy(const color32_s& rhs)
+	{
+		*asInt() = *rhs.asInt();
+	}
+
+	uint8_t r, g, b, a;
+} color32;
+
+struct SourceColor
+{
+	unsigned char R;
+	unsigned char G;
+	unsigned char B;
+	unsigned char A;
+
+	SourceColor(unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a)
+	{
+		R = r;
+		G = g;
+		B = b;
+		A = a;
+	}
+
+	SourceColor()
+	{
+		R = 0;
+		G = 0;
+		B = 0;
+		A = 0;
+	}
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Basic handler for an rgb set of colors
+//			This class is fully inline
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class Color
+{
+public:
+	Color(int r, int g, int b, int a = 255)
+	{
+		_color[0] = (unsigned char)r;
+		_color[1] = (unsigned char)g;
+		_color[2] = (unsigned char)b;
+		_color[3] = (unsigned char)a;
+	}
+	void SetColor(int _r, int _g, int _b, int _a = 0)
+	{
+		_color[0] = (unsigned char)_r;
+		_color[1] = (unsigned char)_g;
+		_color[2] = (unsigned char)_b;
+		_color[3] = (unsigned char)_a;
+	}
+	void GetColor(int& _r, int& _g, int& _b, int& _a) const
+	{
+		_r = _color[0];
+		_g = _color[1];
+		_b = _color[2];
+		_a = _color[3];
+	}
+	int GetValue(int index) const
+	{
+		return _color[index];
+	}
+	void SetRawColor(int color32)
+	{
+		*((int*)this) = color32;
+	}
+	int GetRawColor(void) const
+	{
+		return *((int*)this);
+	}
+
+	inline int r() const
+	{
+		return _color[0];
+	}
+	inline int g() const
+	{
+		return _color[1];
+	}
+	inline int b() const
+	{
+		return _color[2];
+	}
+	inline int a() const
+	{
+		return _color[3];
+	}
+
+	unsigned char& operator[](int index)
+	{
+		return _color[index];
+	}
+
+	const unsigned char& operator[](int index) const
+	{
+		return _color[index];
+	}
+
+	bool operator==(const Color& rhs) const
+	{
+		return (*((int*)this) == *((int*)&rhs));
+	}
+
+	bool operator!=(const Color& rhs) const
+	{
+		return !(operator==(rhs));
+	}
+
+	Color& operator=(const Color& rhs)
+	{
+		SetRawColor(rhs.GetRawColor());
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	Color& operator=(const color32& rhs)
+	{
+		_color[0] = rhs.r;
+		_color[1] = rhs.g;
+		_color[2] = rhs.b;
+		_color[3] = rhs.a;
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	color32 ToColor32(void) const
+	{
+		color32 newColor {};
+		newColor.r = _color[0];
+		newColor.g = _color[1];
+		newColor.b = _color[2];
+		newColor.a = _color[3];
+		return newColor;
+	}
+
+	std::string ToANSIColor()
+	{
+		std::string out = "\033[38;2;";
+		out += std::to_string(_color[0]) + ";";
+		out += std::to_string(_color[1]) + ";";
+		out += std::to_string(_color[2]) + ";";
+		out += "49m";
+		return out;
+	}
+
+	SourceColor ToSourceColor()
+	{
+		return SourceColor(_color[0], _color[1], _color[2], _color[3]);
+	}
+
+private:
+	unsigned char _color[4];
+};
+
+namespace NS::Colors
+{
+	extern Color SCRIPT_UI;
+	extern Color SCRIPT_CL;
+	extern Color SCRIPT_SV;
+	extern Color NATIVE_UI;
+	extern Color NATIVE_CL;
+	extern Color NATIVE_SV;
+	extern Color NATIVE_ENGINE;
+	extern Color FILESYSTEM;
+	extern Color RPAK;
+	extern Color NORTHSTAR;
+	extern Color ECHO;
+	extern Color PLUGINSYS;
+	extern Color PLUGIN;
+
+	extern Color TRACE;
+	extern Color DEBUG;
+	extern Color INFO;
+	extern Color WARN;
+	extern Color ERR;
+	extern Color CRIT;
+	extern Color OFF;
+}; // namespace NS::Colors
diff --git a/primedev/core/math/vector.h b/primedev/core/math/vector.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8684908f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/math/vector.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include <cmath>
+
+#pragma once
+
+union Vector3
+{
+	struct
+	{
+		float x;
+		float y;
+		float z;
+	};
+
+	float raw[3];
+
+	void MakeValid()
+	{
+		for (auto& fl : raw)
+			if (std::isnan(fl))
+				fl = 0;
+	}
+
+	// todo: more operators maybe
+	bool operator==(const Vector3& other)
+	{
+		return x == other.x && y == other.y && z == other.z;
+	}
+};
+
+union QAngle
+{
+	struct
+	{
+		float x;
+		float y;
+		float z;
+		float w;
+	};
+
+	float raw[4];
+
+	// todo: more operators maybe
+	bool operator==(const QAngle& other)
+	{
+		return x == other.x && y == other.y && z == other.z && w == other.w;
+	}
+};
diff --git a/primedev/core/memalloc.cpp b/primedev/core/memalloc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0a75bc2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/memalloc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+#include "core/memalloc.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+
+// TODO: rename to malloc and free after removing statically compiled .libs
+
+extern "C" void* _malloc_base(size_t n)
+{
+	// allocate into static buffer if g_pMemAllocSingleton isn't initialised
+	if (!g_pMemAllocSingleton)
+		TryCreateGlobalMemAlloc();
+
+	return g_pMemAllocSingleton->m_vtable->Alloc(g_pMemAllocSingleton, n);
+}
+
+/*extern "C" void* malloc(size_t n)
+{
+	return _malloc_base(n);
+}*/
+
+extern "C" void _free_base(void* p)
+{
+	if (!g_pMemAllocSingleton)
+		TryCreateGlobalMemAlloc();
+
+	g_pMemAllocSingleton->m_vtable->Free(g_pMemAllocSingleton, p);
+}
+
+extern "C" void* _realloc_base(void* oldPtr, size_t size)
+{
+	if (!g_pMemAllocSingleton)
+		TryCreateGlobalMemAlloc();
+
+	return g_pMemAllocSingleton->m_vtable->Realloc(g_pMemAllocSingleton, oldPtr, size);
+}
+
+extern "C" void* _calloc_base(size_t n, size_t size)
+{
+	size_t bytes = n * size;
+	void* memory = _malloc_base(bytes);
+	if (memory)
+	{
+		memset(memory, 0, bytes);
+	}
+	return memory;
+}
+
+extern "C" char* _strdup_base(const char* src)
+{
+	char* str;
+	char* p;
+	int len = 0;
+
+	while (src[len])
+		len++;
+	str = reinterpret_cast<char*>(_malloc_base(len + 1));
+	p = str;
+	while (*src)
+		*p++ = *src++;
+	*p = '\0';
+	return str;
+}
+
+void* operator new(size_t n)
+{
+	return _malloc_base(n);
+}
+
+void operator delete(void* p) noexcept
+{
+	_free_base(p);
+} // /FORCE:MULTIPLE
diff --git a/primedev/core/memalloc.h b/primedev/core/memalloc.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2f383335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/memalloc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "rapidjson/document.h"
+// #include "include/rapidjson/allocators.h"
+
+extern "C" void* _malloc_base(size_t size);
+extern "C" void* _calloc_base(size_t const count, size_t const size);
+extern "C" void* _realloc_base(void* block, size_t size);
+extern "C" void* _recalloc_base(void* const block, size_t const count, size_t const size);
+extern "C" void _free_base(void* const block);
+extern "C" char* _strdup_base(const char* src);
+
+void* operator new(size_t n);
+void operator delete(void* p) noexcept;
+
+// void* malloc(size_t n);
+
+class SourceAllocator
+{
+public:
+	static const bool kNeedFree = true;
+	void* Malloc(size_t size)
+	{
+		if (size) // behavior of malloc(0) is implementation defined.
+			return _malloc_base(size);
+		else
+			return NULL; // standardize to returning NULL.
+	}
+	void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize)
+	{
+		(void)originalSize;
+		if (newSize == 0)
+		{
+			_free_base(originalPtr);
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		return _realloc_base(originalPtr, newSize);
+	}
+	static void Free(void* ptr)
+	{
+		_free_base(ptr);
+	}
+};
+
+typedef rapidjson::GenericDocument<rapidjson::UTF8<>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>, SourceAllocator> rapidjson_document;
+// typedef rapidjson::GenericDocument<rapidjson::UTF8<>, SourceAllocator, SourceAllocator> rapidjson_document;
+// typedef rapidjson::Document rapidjson_document;
+// using MyDocument = rapidjson::GenericDocument<rapidjson::UTF8<>, MemoryAllocator>;
+// using rapidjson_document = rapidjson::GenericDocument<rapidjson::UTF8<>, SourceAllocator, SourceAllocator>;
diff --git a/primedev/core/memory.cpp b/primedev/core/memory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3770586f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/memory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#include "memory.h"
+
+CMemoryAddress::CMemoryAddress() : m_nAddress(0) {}
+CMemoryAddress::CMemoryAddress(const uintptr_t nAddress) : m_nAddress(nAddress) {}
+CMemoryAddress::CMemoryAddress(const void* pAddress) : m_nAddress(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(pAddress)) {}
+
+// operators
+CMemoryAddress::operator uintptr_t() const
+{
+	return m_nAddress;
+}
+
+CMemoryAddress::operator void*() const
+{
+	return reinterpret_cast<void*>(m_nAddress);
+}
+
+CMemoryAddress::operator bool() const
+{
+	return m_nAddress != 0;
+}
+
+bool CMemoryAddress::operator==(const CMemoryAddress& other) const
+{
+	return m_nAddress == other.m_nAddress;
+}
+
+bool CMemoryAddress::operator!=(const CMemoryAddress& other) const
+{
+	return m_nAddress != other.m_nAddress;
+}
+
+bool CMemoryAddress::operator==(const uintptr_t& addr) const
+{
+	return m_nAddress == addr;
+}
+
+bool CMemoryAddress::operator!=(const uintptr_t& addr) const
+{
+	return m_nAddress != addr;
+}
+
+CMemoryAddress CMemoryAddress::operator+(const CMemoryAddress& other) const
+{
+	return Offset(other.m_nAddress);
+}
+
+CMemoryAddress CMemoryAddress::operator-(const CMemoryAddress& other) const
+{
+	return CMemoryAddress(m_nAddress - other.m_nAddress);
+}
+
+CMemoryAddress CMemoryAddress::operator+(const uintptr_t& addr) const
+{
+	return Offset(addr);
+}
+
+CMemoryAddress CMemoryAddress::operator-(const uintptr_t& addr) const
+{
+	return CMemoryAddress(m_nAddress - addr);
+}
+
+CMemoryAddress CMemoryAddress::operator*() const
+{
+	return Deref();
+}
+
+// traversal
+CMemoryAddress CMemoryAddress::Offset(const uintptr_t nOffset) const
+{
+	return CMemoryAddress(m_nAddress + nOffset);
+}
+
+CMemoryAddress CMemoryAddress::Deref(const int nNumDerefs) const
+{
+	uintptr_t ret = m_nAddress;
+	for (int i = 0; i < nNumDerefs; i++)
+		ret = *reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t*>(ret);
+
+	return CMemoryAddress(ret);
+}
+
+// patching
+void CMemoryAddress::Patch(const uint8_t* pBytes, const size_t nSize)
+{
+	if (nSize)
+		WriteProcessMemory(GetCurrentProcess(), reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(m_nAddress), pBytes, nSize, NULL);
+}
+
+void CMemoryAddress::Patch(const std::initializer_list<uint8_t> bytes)
+{
+	uint8_t* pBytes = new uint8_t[bytes.size()];
+
+	int i = 0;
+	for (const uint8_t& byte : bytes)
+		pBytes[i++] = byte;
+
+	Patch(pBytes, bytes.size());
+	delete[] pBytes;
+}
+
+inline std::vector<uint8_t> HexBytesToString(const char* pHexString)
+{
+	std::vector<uint8_t> ret;
+
+	int size = strlen(pHexString);
+	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
+	{
+		// If this is a space character, ignore it
+		if (isspace(pHexString[i]))
+			continue;
+
+		if (i < size - 1)
+		{
+			BYTE result = 0;
+			for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
+			{
+				int val = 0;
+				char c = *(pHexString + i + j);
+				if (c >= 'a')
+				{
+					val = c - 'a' + 0xA;
+				}
+				else if (c >= 'A')
+				{
+					val = c - 'A' + 0xA;
+				}
+				else if (isdigit(c))
+				{
+					val = c - '0';
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					assert_msg(false, "Failed to parse invalid hex string.");
+					val = -1;
+				}
+
+				result += (j == 0) ? val * 16 : val;
+			}
+			ret.push_back(result);
+		}
+
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+void CMemoryAddress::Patch(const char* pBytes)
+{
+	std::vector<uint8_t> vBytes = HexBytesToString(pBytes);
+	Patch(vBytes.data(), vBytes.size());
+}
+
+void CMemoryAddress::NOP(const size_t nSize)
+{
+	uint8_t* pBytes = new uint8_t[nSize];
+
+	memset(pBytes, 0x90, nSize);
+	Patch(pBytes, nSize);
+
+	delete[] pBytes;
+}
+
+bool CMemoryAddress::IsMemoryReadable(const size_t nSize)
+{
+	static SYSTEM_INFO sysInfo;
+	if (!sysInfo.dwPageSize)
+		GetSystemInfo(&sysInfo);
+
+	MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION memInfo;
+	if (!VirtualQuery(reinterpret_cast<LPCVOID>(m_nAddress), &memInfo, sizeof(memInfo)))
+		return false;
+
+	return memInfo.RegionSize >= nSize && memInfo.State & MEM_COMMIT && !(memInfo.Protect & PAGE_NOACCESS);
+}
+
+CModule::CModule(const HMODULE pModule)
+{
+	MODULEINFO mInfo {0};
+
+	if (pModule && pModule != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		GetModuleInformation(GetCurrentProcess(), pModule, &mInfo, sizeof(MODULEINFO));
+
+	m_nModuleSize = static_cast<size_t>(mInfo.SizeOfImage);
+	m_pModuleBase = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(mInfo.lpBaseOfDll);
+	m_nAddress = m_pModuleBase;
+
+	if (!m_nModuleSize || !m_pModuleBase)
+		return;
+
+	m_pDOSHeader = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_DOS_HEADER*>(m_pModuleBase);
+	m_pNTHeaders = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64*>(m_pModuleBase + m_pDOSHeader->e_lfanew);
+
+	const IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER* hSection = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(m_pNTHeaders); // Get first image section.
+
+	for (WORD i = 0; i < m_pNTHeaders->FileHeader.NumberOfSections; i++) // Loop through the sections.
+	{
+		const IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER& hCurrentSection = hSection[i]; // Get current section.
+
+		ModuleSections_t moduleSection = ModuleSections_t(
+			std::string(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(hCurrentSection.Name)),
+			static_cast<uintptr_t>(m_pModuleBase + hCurrentSection.VirtualAddress),
+			hCurrentSection.SizeOfRawData);
+
+		if (!strcmp((const char*)hCurrentSection.Name, ".text"))
+			m_ExecutableCode = moduleSection;
+		else if (!strcmp((const char*)hCurrentSection.Name, ".pdata"))
+			m_ExceptionTable = moduleSection;
+		else if (!strcmp((const char*)hCurrentSection.Name, ".data"))
+			m_RunTimeData = moduleSection;
+		else if (!strcmp((const char*)hCurrentSection.Name, ".rdata"))
+			m_ReadOnlyData = moduleSection;
+
+		m_vModuleSections.push_back(moduleSection); // Push back a struct with the section data.
+	}
+}
+
+CModule::CModule(const char* pModuleName) : CModule(GetModuleHandleA(pModuleName)) {}
+
+CMemoryAddress CModule::GetExport(const char* pExportName)
+{
+	return CMemoryAddress(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(GetProcAddress(reinterpret_cast<HMODULE>(m_nAddress), pExportName)));
+}
+
+CMemoryAddress CModule::FindPattern(const uint8_t* pPattern, const char* pMask)
+{
+	if (!m_ExecutableCode.IsSectionValid())
+		return CMemoryAddress();
+
+	uint64_t nBase = static_cast<uint64_t>(m_ExecutableCode.m_pSectionBase);
+	uint64_t nSize = static_cast<uint64_t>(m_ExecutableCode.m_nSectionSize);
+
+	const uint8_t* pData = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(nBase);
+	const uint8_t* pEnd = pData + static_cast<uint32_t>(nSize) - strlen(pMask);
+
+	int nMasks[64]; // 64*16 = enough masks for 1024 bytes.
+	int iNumMasks = static_cast<int>(ceil(static_cast<float>(strlen(pMask)) / 16.f));
+
+	memset(nMasks, '\0', iNumMasks * sizeof(int));
+	for (intptr_t i = 0; i < iNumMasks; ++i)
+	{
+		for (intptr_t j = strnlen(pMask + i * 16, 16) - 1; j >= 0; --j)
+		{
+			if (pMask[i * 16 + j] == 'x')
+			{
+				_bittestandset(reinterpret_cast<LONG*>(&nMasks[i]), j);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	__m128i xmm1 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i*>(pPattern));
+	__m128i xmm2, xmm3, msks;
+	for (; pData != pEnd; _mm_prefetch(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(++pData + 64), _MM_HINT_NTA))
+	{
+		if (pPattern[0] == pData[0])
+		{
+			xmm2 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i*>(pData));
+			msks = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(xmm1, xmm2);
+			if ((_mm_movemask_epi8(msks) & nMasks[0]) == nMasks[0])
+			{
+				for (uintptr_t i = 1; i < static_cast<uintptr_t>(iNumMasks); ++i)
+				{
+					xmm2 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i*>((pData + i * 16)));
+					xmm3 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i*>((pPattern + i * 16)));
+					msks = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(xmm2, xmm3);
+					if ((_mm_movemask_epi8(msks) & nMasks[i]) == nMasks[i])
+					{
+						if ((i + 1) == iNumMasks)
+						{
+							return CMemoryAddress(const_cast<uint8_t*>(pData));
+						}
+					}
+					else
+						goto CONTINUE;
+				}
+
+				return CMemoryAddress((&*(const_cast<uint8_t*>(pData))));
+			}
+		}
+
+	CONTINUE:;
+	}
+
+	return CMemoryAddress();
+}
+
+inline std::pair<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::string> MaskedBytesFromPattern(const char* pPatternString)
+{
+	std::vector<uint8_t> vRet;
+	std::string sMask;
+
+	int size = strlen(pPatternString);
+	for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
+	{
+		// If this is a space character, ignore it
+		if (isspace(pPatternString[i]))
+			continue;
+
+		if (pPatternString[i] == '?')
+		{
+			// Add a wildcard
+			vRet.push_back(0);
+			sMask.append("?");
+		}
+		else if (i < size - 1)
+		{
+			BYTE result = 0;
+			for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++)
+			{
+				int val = 0;
+				char c = *(pPatternString + i + j);
+				if (c >= 'a')
+				{
+					val = c - 'a' + 0xA;
+				}
+				else if (c >= 'A')
+				{
+					val = c - 'A' + 0xA;
+				}
+				else if (isdigit(c))
+				{
+					val = c - '0';
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					assert_msg(false, "Failed to parse invalid pattern string.");
+					val = -1;
+				}
+
+				result += (j == 0) ? val * 16 : val;
+			}
+
+			vRet.push_back(result);
+			sMask.append("x");
+		}
+
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	return std::make_pair(vRet, sMask);
+}
+
+CMemoryAddress CModule::FindPattern(const char* pPattern)
+{
+	const auto pattern = MaskedBytesFromPattern(pPattern);
+	return FindPattern(pattern.first.data(), pattern.second.c_str());
+}
diff --git a/primedev/core/memory.h b/primedev/core/memory.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a978963e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/memory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class CMemoryAddress
+{
+public:
+	uintptr_t m_nAddress;
+
+public:
+	CMemoryAddress();
+	CMemoryAddress(const uintptr_t nAddress);
+	CMemoryAddress(const void* pAddress);
+
+	// operators
+	operator uintptr_t() const;
+	operator void*() const;
+	operator bool() const;
+
+	bool operator==(const CMemoryAddress& other) const;
+	bool operator!=(const CMemoryAddress& other) const;
+	bool operator==(const uintptr_t& addr) const;
+	bool operator!=(const uintptr_t& addr) const;
+
+	CMemoryAddress operator+(const CMemoryAddress& other) const;
+	CMemoryAddress operator-(const CMemoryAddress& other) const;
+	CMemoryAddress operator+(const uintptr_t& other) const;
+	CMemoryAddress operator-(const uintptr_t& other) const;
+	CMemoryAddress operator*() const;
+
+	template <typename T> T RCast()
+	{
+		return reinterpret_cast<T>(m_nAddress);
+	}
+
+	// traversal
+	CMemoryAddress Offset(const uintptr_t nOffset) const;
+	CMemoryAddress Deref(const int nNumDerefs = 1) const;
+
+	// patching
+	void Patch(const uint8_t* pBytes, const size_t nSize);
+	void Patch(const std::initializer_list<uint8_t> bytes);
+	void Patch(const char* pBytes);
+	void NOP(const size_t nSize);
+
+	bool IsMemoryReadable(const size_t nSize);
+};
+
+// based on https://github.com/Mauler125/r5sdk/blob/master/r5dev/public/include/module.h
+class CModule : public CMemoryAddress
+{
+public:
+	struct ModuleSections_t
+	{
+		ModuleSections_t(void) = default;
+		ModuleSections_t(const std::string& svSectionName, uintptr_t pSectionBase, size_t nSectionSize)
+			: m_svSectionName(svSectionName), m_pSectionBase(pSectionBase), m_nSectionSize(nSectionSize)
+		{
+		}
+
+		bool IsSectionValid(void) const
+		{
+			return m_nSectionSize != 0;
+		}
+
+		std::string m_svSectionName; // Name of section.
+		uintptr_t m_pSectionBase {}; // Start address of section.
+		size_t m_nSectionSize {}; // Size of section.
+	};
+
+	ModuleSections_t m_ExecutableCode;
+	ModuleSections_t m_ExceptionTable;
+	ModuleSections_t m_RunTimeData;
+	ModuleSections_t m_ReadOnlyData;
+
+private:
+	std::string m_svModuleName;
+	uintptr_t m_pModuleBase {};
+	DWORD m_nModuleSize {};
+	IMAGE_NT_HEADERS64* m_pNTHeaders = nullptr;
+	IMAGE_DOS_HEADER* m_pDOSHeader = nullptr;
+	std::vector<ModuleSections_t> m_vModuleSections;
+
+public:
+	CModule() = delete; // no default, we need a module name
+	CModule(const HMODULE pModule);
+	CModule(const char* pModuleName);
+
+	CMemoryAddress GetExport(const char* pExportName);
+	CMemoryAddress FindPattern(const uint8_t* pPattern, const char* pMask);
+	CMemoryAddress FindPattern(const char* pPattern);
+};
diff --git a/primedev/core/sourceinterface.cpp b/primedev/core/sourceinterface.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a72beb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/sourceinterface.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include "sourceinterface.h"
+#include "logging/sourceconsole.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// really wanted to do a modular callback system here but honestly couldn't be bothered so hardcoding stuff for now: todo later
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK_PROCADDRESS(ClientCreateInterface, client.dll, CreateInterface, 
+void*, __fastcall, (const char* pName, const int* pReturnCode))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	void* ret = ClientCreateInterface(pName, pReturnCode);
+	spdlog::info("CreateInterface CLIENT {}", pName);
+
+	if (!strcmp(pName, "GameClientExports001"))
+		InitialiseConsoleOnInterfaceCreation();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK_PROCADDRESS(ServerCreateInterface, server.dll, CreateInterface, 
+void*, __fastcall, (const char* pName, const int* pReturnCode))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	void* ret = ServerCreateInterface(pName, pReturnCode);
+	spdlog::info("CreateInterface SERVER {}", pName);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK_PROCADDRESS(EngineCreateInterface, engine.dll, CreateInterface, 
+void*, __fastcall, (const char* pName, const int* pReturnCode))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	void* ret = EngineCreateInterface(pName, pReturnCode);
+	spdlog::info("CreateInterface ENGINE {}", pName);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+ON_DLL_LOAD("client.dll", ClientInterface, (CModule module)) {AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(client.dll)}
+ON_DLL_LOAD("server.dll", ServerInterface, (CModule module)) {AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(server.dll)}
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", EngineInterface, (CModule module)) {AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(engine.dll)}
+// clang-format on
diff --git a/primedev/core/sourceinterface.h b/primedev/core/sourceinterface.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7b5e81f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/sourceinterface.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <string>
+
+// literally just copied from ttf2sdk definition
+typedef void* (*CreateInterfaceFn)(const char* pName, int* pReturnCode);
+
+template <typename T> class SourceInterface
+{
+private:
+	T* m_interface;
+
+public:
+	SourceInterface(const std::string& moduleName, const std::string& interfaceName)
+	{
+		HMODULE handle = GetModuleHandleA(moduleName.c_str());
+		CreateInterfaceFn createInterface = (CreateInterfaceFn)GetProcAddress(handle, "CreateInterface");
+		m_interface = (T*)createInterface(interfaceName.c_str(), NULL);
+		if (m_interface == nullptr)
+			spdlog::error("Failed to call CreateInterface for %s in %s", interfaceName, moduleName);
+	}
+
+	T* operator->() const
+	{
+		return m_interface;
+	}
+
+	operator T*() const
+	{
+		return m_interface;
+	}
+};
diff --git a/primedev/core/structs.h b/primedev/core/structs.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..037233a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/structs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#pragma once
+//clang-format off
+// About this file:
+// This file contains several macros used to define reversed structs
+// The reason we use these macros is to make it easier to update existing structs
+// when new fields are reversed
+// This means we dont have to manually add padding, and recalculate when updating
+
+// Technical note:
+// While functionally, these structs act like a regular struct, they are actually
+// defined as unions with anonymous structs in them.
+// This means that each field is essentially an offset into a union.
+// We acknowledge that this goes against C++'s active-member guideline for unions
+// However, this is not such a big deal here as these structs will not be constructed
+
+// Usage:
+// To use these macros, define a struct like so:
+/*
+OFFSET_STRUCT(Name)
+{
+	STRUCT_SIZE(0x100)		// Total in-memory struct size
+	FIELD(0x0, int field)	// offset, signature
+}
+*/
+
+#define OFFSET_STRUCT(name) union name
+#define STRUCT_SIZE(size) char __size[size];
+#define STRUCT_FIELD_OFFSET(offset, signature)                                                                                             \
+	struct                                                                                                                                 \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		char CONCAT2(pad, __LINE__)[offset];                                                                                               \
+		signature;                                                                                                                         \
+	};
+
+// Special case for a 0-offset field
+#define STRUCT_FIELD_NOOFFSET(offset, signature) signature;
+
+// Just puts two tokens next to each other, but
+// allows us to force the preprocessor to do another pass
+#define FX(f, x) f x
+
+// Macro used to detect if the given offset is 0 or not
+#define TEST_0 ,
+// MSVC does no preprocessing of integer literals.
+// On other compilers `0x0` gets processed into `0`
+#define TEST_0x0 ,
+
+// Concats the first and third argument and drops everything else
+// Used with preprocessor expansion in later passes to move the third argument to the fourth and change the value
+#define ZERO_P_I(a, b, c, ...) a##c
+
+// We use FX to prepare to use ZERO_P_I.
+// The right block contains 3 arguments:
+// NIF_
+// CONCAT2(TEST_, offset)
+// 1
+//
+// If offset is not 0 (or 0x0) the preprocessor replaces
+// it with nothing and the third argument stays 1
+//
+// If the offset is 0, TEST_0 expands to , and 1 becomes the fourth argument
+//
+// With those arguments we call ZERO_P_I and the first and third arugment get concat.
+// We either end up with:
+// NIF_ (if offset is 0) or
+// NIF_1 (if offset is not 0)
+#define IF_ZERO(m) FX(ZERO_P_I, (NIF_, CONCAT2(TEST_, m), 1))
+
+// These macros are used to branch after we processed if the offset is zero or not
+#define NIF_(t, ...) t
+#define NIF_1(t, ...) __VA_ARGS__
+
+// FIELD(S), generates an anonymous struct when a non 0 offset is given, otherwise just a signature
+#define FIELD(offset, signature) IF_ZERO(offset)(STRUCT_FIELD_NOOFFSET, STRUCT_FIELD_OFFSET)(offset, signature)
+#define FIELDS FIELD
+
+//clang-format on
diff --git a/primedev/core/tier0.cpp b/primedev/core/tier0.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f59722c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/tier0.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "tier0.h"
+
+IMemAlloc* g_pMemAllocSingleton = nullptr;
+
+CommandLineType CommandLine;
+Plat_FloatTimeType Plat_FloatTime;
+ThreadInServerFrameThreadType ThreadInServerFrameThread;
+
+typedef IMemAlloc* (*CreateGlobalMemAllocType)();
+CreateGlobalMemAllocType CreateGlobalMemAlloc;
+
+// needs to be a seperate function, since memalloc.cpp calls it
+void TryCreateGlobalMemAlloc()
+{
+	// init memalloc stuff
+	CreateGlobalMemAlloc =
+		reinterpret_cast<CreateGlobalMemAllocType>(GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("tier0.dll"), "CreateGlobalMemAlloc"));
+	g_pMemAllocSingleton = CreateGlobalMemAlloc(); // if it already exists, this returns the preexisting IMemAlloc instance
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("tier0.dll", Tier0GameFuncs, (CModule module))
+{
+	// shouldn't be necessary, but do this just in case
+	TryCreateGlobalMemAlloc();
+
+	// setup tier0 funcs
+	CommandLine = module.GetExport("CommandLine").RCast<CommandLineType>();
+	Plat_FloatTime = module.GetExport("Plat_FloatTime").RCast<Plat_FloatTimeType>();
+	ThreadInServerFrameThread = module.GetExport("ThreadInServerFrameThread").RCast<ThreadInServerFrameThreadType>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/core/tier0.h b/primedev/core/tier0.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc9af39e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/tier0.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+
+class IMemAlloc
+{
+public:
+	struct VTable
+	{
+		void* unknown[1]; // alloc debug
+		void* (*Alloc)(IMemAlloc* memAlloc, size_t nSize);
+		void* unknown2[1]; // realloc debug
+		void* (*Realloc)(IMemAlloc* memAlloc, void* pMem, size_t nSize);
+		void* unknown3[1]; // free #1
+		void (*Free)(IMemAlloc* memAlloc, void* pMem);
+		void* unknown4[2]; // nullsubs, maybe CrtSetDbgFlag
+		size_t (*GetSize)(IMemAlloc* memAlloc, void* pMem);
+		void* unknown5[9]; // they all do literally nothing
+		void (*DumpStats)(IMemAlloc* memAlloc);
+		void (*DumpStatsFileBase)(IMemAlloc* memAlloc, const char* pchFileBase);
+		void* unknown6[4];
+		int (*heapchk)(IMemAlloc* memAlloc);
+	};
+
+	VTable* m_vtable;
+};
+
+class CCommandLine
+{
+public:
+	// based on the defs in the 2013 source sdk, but for some reason has an extra function (may be another CreateCmdLine overload?)
+	// these seem to line up with what they should be though
+	virtual void CreateCmdLine(const char* commandline) = 0;
+	virtual void CreateCmdLine(int argc, char** argv) = 0;
+	virtual void unknown() = 0;
+	virtual const char* GetCmdLine(void) const = 0;
+
+	virtual const char* CheckParm(const char* psz, const char** ppszValue = 0) const = 0;
+	virtual void RemoveParm() const = 0;
+	virtual void AppendParm(const char* pszParm, const char* pszValues) = 0;
+
+	virtual const char* ParmValue(const char* psz, const char* pDefaultVal = 0) const = 0;
+	virtual int ParmValue(const char* psz, int nDefaultVal) const = 0;
+	virtual float ParmValue(const char* psz, float flDefaultVal) const = 0;
+
+	virtual int ParmCount() const = 0;
+	virtual int FindParm(const char* psz) const = 0;
+	virtual const char* GetParm(int nIndex) const = 0;
+	virtual void SetParm(int nIndex, char const* pParm) = 0;
+
+	// virtual const char** GetParms() const {}
+};
+
+extern IMemAlloc* g_pMemAllocSingleton;
+
+typedef CCommandLine* (*CommandLineType)();
+extern CommandLineType CommandLine;
+
+typedef double (*Plat_FloatTimeType)();
+extern Plat_FloatTimeType Plat_FloatTime;
+
+typedef bool (*ThreadInServerFrameThreadType)();
+extern ThreadInServerFrameThreadType ThreadInServerFrameThread;
+
+void TryCreateGlobalMemAlloc();
diff --git a/primedev/core/vanilla.h b/primedev/core/vanilla.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b0797803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/core/vanilla.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+/// Determines if we are in vanilla-compatibility mode.
+/// In this mode we shouldn't auth with Atlas, which prevents users from joining a
+/// non-trusted server. This means that we can unrestrict client/server commands
+/// as well as various other small changes for compatibility
+class VanillaCompatibility
+{
+public:
+	void SetVanillaCompatibility(bool isVanilla)
+	{
+		static bool bInitialised = false;
+		if (bInitialised)
+			return;
+
+		bInitialised = true;
+		m_bIsVanillaCompatible = isVanilla;
+	}
+
+	bool GetVanillaCompatibility()
+	{
+		return m_bIsVanillaCompatible;
+	}
+
+private:
+	bool m_bIsVanillaCompatible = false;
+};
+
+inline VanillaCompatibility* g_pVanillaCompatibility;
diff --git a/primedev/dedicated/dedicated.cpp b/primedev/dedicated/dedicated.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df6e5787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/dedicated/dedicated.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+#include "dedicated.h"
+#include "dedicatedlogtoclient.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "shared/playlist.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "engine/hoststate.h"
+#include "server/auth/serverauthentication.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "util/printcommands.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+bool IsDedicatedServer()
+{
+	static bool result = strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-dedicated");
+	return result;
+}
+
+// CDedidcatedExports defs
+struct CDedicatedExports; // forward declare
+
+typedef void (*DedicatedSys_PrintfType)(CDedicatedExports* dedicated, const char* msg);
+typedef void (*DedicatedRunServerType)(CDedicatedExports* dedicated);
+
+// would've liked to just do this as a class but have not been able to get it to work
+struct CDedicatedExports
+{
+	void* vtable; // because it's easier, we just set this to &this, since CDedicatedExports has no props we care about other than funcs
+
+	char unused[56];
+
+	DedicatedSys_PrintfType Sys_Printf;
+	DedicatedRunServerType RunServer;
+};
+
+void Sys_Printf(CDedicatedExports* dedicated, const char* msg)
+{
+	spdlog::info("[DEDICATED SERVER] {}", msg);
+}
+
+void RunServer(CDedicatedExports* dedicated)
+{
+	spdlog::info("CDedicatedExports::RunServer(): starting");
+	spdlog::info(CommandLine()->GetCmdLine());
+
+	// initialise engine
+	g_pEngine->Frame();
+
+	// add +map if no map loading command is present
+	// don't manually execute this from cbuf as users may have it in their startup args anyway, easier just to run from stuffcmds if present
+	if (!CommandLine()->CheckParm("+map") && !CommandLine()->CheckParm("+launchplaylist"))
+		CommandLine()->AppendParm("+map", g_pCVar->FindVar("match_defaultMap")->GetString());
+
+	// re-run commandline
+	Cbuf_AddText(Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer(), "stuffcmds", cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode);
+	Cbuf_Execute();
+
+	// main loop
+	double frameTitle = 0;
+	while (g_pEngine->m_nQuitting == EngineQuitState::QUIT_NOTQUITTING)
+	{
+		double frameStart = Plat_FloatTime();
+		g_pEngine->Frame();
+
+		std::this_thread::sleep_for(
+			std::chrono::duration<double, std::ratio<1>>(g_pGlobals->m_flTickInterval - fmin(Plat_FloatTime() - frameStart, 0.25)));
+	}
+}
+
+// use server presence to update window title
+class DedicatedConsoleServerPresence : public ServerPresenceReporter
+{
+	void ReportPresence(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence) override
+	{
+		SetConsoleTitleA(fmt::format(
+							 "{} - {} {}/{} players ({})",
+							 pServerPresence->m_sServerName,
+							 pServerPresence->m_MapName,
+							 pServerPresence->m_iPlayerCount,
+							 pServerPresence->m_iMaxPlayers,
+							 pServerPresence->m_PlaylistName)
+							 .c_str());
+	}
+};
+
+HANDLE consoleInputThreadHandle = NULL;
+DWORD WINAPI ConsoleInputThread(PVOID pThreadParameter)
+{
+	while (!g_pEngine || !g_pHostState || g_pHostState->m_iCurrentState != HostState_t::HS_RUN)
+		Sleep(1000);
+
+	// Bind stdin to receive console input.
+	FILE* fp = nullptr;
+	freopen_s(&fp, "CONIN$", "r", stdin);
+
+	spdlog::info("Ready to receive console commands.");
+
+	{
+		// Process console input
+		std::string input;
+		while (g_pEngine && g_pEngine->m_nQuitting == EngineQuitState::QUIT_NOTQUITTING && std::getline(std::cin, input))
+		{
+			input += "\n";
+			Cbuf_AddText(Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer(), input.c_str(), cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode);
+			TryPrintCvarHelpForCommand(input.c_str()); // this needs to be done on main thread, unstable in this one
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(IsGameActiveWindow, engine.dll + 0x1CDC80,
+bool,, ())
+// clang-format on
+{
+	return true;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_DEDI_RELIESON("engine.dll", DedicatedServer, ServerPresence, (CModule module))
+{
+	spdlog::info("InitialiseDedicated");
+
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(engine.dll)
+
+	// Host_Init
+	// prevent a particle init that relies on client dll
+	module.Offset(0x156799).NOP(5);
+
+	// Host_Init
+	// don't call Key_Init to avoid loading some extra rsons from rpak (will be necessary to boot if we ever wanna disable rpaks entirely on
+	// dedi)
+	module.Offset(0x1565B0).NOP(5);
+
+	{
+		// CModAppSystemGroup::Create
+		// force the engine into dedicated mode by changing the first comparison to IsServerOnly to an assignment
+		CMemoryAddress base = module.Offset(0x1C4EBD);
+
+		// cmp => mov
+		base.Offset(1).Patch("C6 87");
+
+		// 00 => 01
+		base.Offset(7).Patch("01");
+	}
+
+	// Some init that i'm not sure of that crashes
+	// nop the call to it
+	module.Offset(0x156A63).NOP(5);
+
+	// runframeserver
+	// nop some access violations
+	module.Offset(0x159819).NOP(17);
+
+	module.Offset(0x156B4C).NOP(7);
+
+	// previously patched these, took me a couple weeks to figure out they were the issue
+	// removing these will mess up register state when this function is over, so we'll write HS_RUN to the wrong address
+	// so uhh, don't do that
+	// NSMem::NOP(ea + 0x156B4C + 7, 8);
+	module.Offset(0x156B4C).Offset(15).NOP(9);
+
+	// HostState_State_NewGame
+	// nop an access violation
+	module.Offset(0xB934C).NOP(9);
+
+	// CEngineAPI::Connect
+	// remove call to Shader_Connect
+	module.Offset(0x1C4D7D).NOP(5);
+
+	// Host_Init
+	// remove call to ui loading stuff
+	module.Offset(0x156595).NOP(5);
+
+	// some function that gets called from RunFrameServer
+	// nop a function that makes requests to stryder, this will eventually access violation if left alone and isn't necessary anyway
+	module.Offset(0x15A0BB).NOP(5);
+
+	// RunFrameServer
+	// nop a function that access violations
+	module.Offset(0x159BF3).NOP(5);
+
+	// func that checks if origin is inited
+	// always return 1
+	module.Offset(0x183B70).Patch("B0 01 C3"); // mov al,01 ret
+
+	// HostState_State_ChangeLevel
+	// nop clientinterface call
+	module.Offset(0x1552ED).NOP(16);
+
+	// HostState_State_ChangeLevel
+	// nop clientinterface call
+	module.Offset(0x155363).NOP(16);
+
+	// IVideoMode::CreateGameWindow
+	// nop call to ShowWindow
+	module.Offset(0x1CD146).NOP(5);
+
+	CDedicatedExports* dedicatedExports = new CDedicatedExports;
+	dedicatedExports->vtable = dedicatedExports;
+	dedicatedExports->Sys_Printf = Sys_Printf;
+	dedicatedExports->RunServer = RunServer;
+
+	*module.Offset(0x13F0B668).RCast<CDedicatedExports**>() = dedicatedExports;
+
+	// extra potential patches:
+	// nop engine.dll+1c67d1 and +1c67d8 to skip videomode creategamewindow
+	// also look into launcher.dll+d381, seems to cause renderthread to get made
+	// this crashes HARD if no window which makes sense tbh
+	// also look into materialsystem + 5B344 since it seems to be the base of all the renderthread stuff
+
+	// big note: datatable gets registered in window creation
+	// make sure it still gets registered
+
+	// add cmdline args that are good for dedi
+	CommandLine()->AppendParm("-nomenuvid", 0);
+	CommandLine()->AppendParm("-nosound", 0);
+	CommandLine()->AppendParm("-windowed", 0);
+	CommandLine()->AppendParm("-nomessagebox", 0);
+	CommandLine()->AppendParm("+host_preload_shaders", "0");
+	CommandLine()->AppendParm("+net_usesocketsforloopback", "1");
+	CommandLine()->AppendParm("+community_frame_run", "0");
+
+	// use presence reporter for console title
+	DedicatedConsoleServerPresence* presenceReporter = new DedicatedConsoleServerPresence;
+	g_pServerPresence->AddPresenceReporter(presenceReporter);
+
+	// setup dedicated printing to client
+	RegisterCustomSink(std::make_shared<DedicatedServerLogToClientSink>());
+
+	// Disable Quick Edit mode to reduce chance of user unintentionally hanging their server by selecting something.
+	if (!CommandLine()->CheckParm("-bringbackquickedit"))
+	{
+		HANDLE stdIn = GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
+		DWORD mode = 0;
+
+		if (GetConsoleMode(stdIn, &mode))
+		{
+			if (mode & ENABLE_QUICK_EDIT_MODE)
+			{
+				mode &= ~ENABLE_QUICK_EDIT_MODE;
+				mode &= ~ENABLE_MOUSE_INPUT;
+
+				mode |= ENABLE_PROCESSED_INPUT;
+
+				SetConsoleMode(stdIn, mode);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		spdlog::info("Quick Edit enabled by user request");
+
+	// create console input thread
+	if (!CommandLine()->CheckParm("-noconsoleinput"))
+		consoleInputThreadHandle = CreateThread(0, 0, ConsoleInputThread, 0, 0, NULL);
+	else
+		spdlog::info("Console input disabled by user request");
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_DEDI("tier0.dll", DedicatedServerOrigin, (CModule module))
+{
+	// disable origin on dedicated
+	// for any big ea lawyers, this can't be used to play the game without origin, game will throw a fit if you try to do anything without
+	// an origin id as a client for dedi it's fine though, game doesn't care if origin is disabled as long as there's only a server
+	module.GetExport("Tier0_InitOrigin").Patch("C3");
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(PrintSquirrelError, server.dll + 0x794D0, 
+void, __fastcall, (void* sqvm))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	PrintSquirrelError(sqvm);
+
+	// close dedicated server if a fatal error is hit
+	// atm, this will crash if not aborted, so this just closes more gracefully
+	static ConVar* Cvar_fatal_script_errors = g_pCVar->FindVar("fatal_script_errors");
+	if (Cvar_fatal_script_errors->GetBool())
+	{
+		NS::log::FlushLoggers();
+		abort();
+	}
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_DEDI("server.dll", DedicatedServerGameDLL, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(server.dll)
+
+	if (CommandLine()->CheckParm("-nopakdedi"))
+	{
+		module.Offset(0x6BA350).Patch("C3"); // dont load skins.rson from rpak if we don't have rpaks, as loading it will cause a crash
+		module.Offset(0x6BA300).Patch(
+			"B8 C8 00 00 00 C3"); // return 200 as the number of skins from server.dll + 6BA300, this is the normal value read from
+								  // skins.rson and should be updated when we need it more modular
+	}
+}
diff --git a/primedev/dedicated/dedicated.h b/primedev/dedicated/dedicated.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82806763
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/dedicated/dedicated.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+bool IsDedicatedServer();
diff --git a/primedev/dedicated/dedicatedlogtoclient.cpp b/primedev/dedicated/dedicatedlogtoclient.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf2cf77a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/dedicated/dedicatedlogtoclient.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#include "dedicatedlogtoclient.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+
+void (*CGameClient__ClientPrintf)(CBaseClient* pClient, const char* fmt, ...);
+
+void DedicatedServerLogToClientSink::custom_sink_it_(const custom_log_msg& msg)
+{
+	if (*g_pServerState == server_state_t::ss_dead)
+		return;
+
+	enum class eSendPrintsToClient
+	{
+		NONE = -1,
+		FIRST,
+		ALL
+	};
+
+	static const ConVar* Cvar_dedi_sendPrintsToClient = g_pCVar->FindVar("dedi_sendPrintsToClient");
+	eSendPrintsToClient eSendPrints = static_cast<eSendPrintsToClient>(Cvar_dedi_sendPrintsToClient->GetInt());
+	if (eSendPrints == eSendPrintsToClient::NONE)
+		return;
+
+	std::string sLogMessage = fmt::format("[DEDICATED SERVER] [{}] {}", level_names[msg.level], msg.payload);
+	for (int i = 0; i < g_pGlobals->m_nMaxClients; i++)
+	{
+		CBaseClient* pClient = &g_pClientArray[i];
+
+		if (pClient->m_Signon >= eSignonState::CONNECTED)
+		{
+			CGameClient__ClientPrintf(pClient, sLogMessage.c_str());
+
+			if (eSendPrints == eSendPrintsToClient::FIRST)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void DedicatedServerLogToClientSink::sink_it_(const spdlog::details::log_msg& msg)
+{
+	throw std::runtime_error("sink_it_ called on DedicatedServerLogToClientSink with pure log_msg. This is an error!");
+}
+
+void DedicatedServerLogToClientSink::flush_() {}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_DEDI("engine.dll", DedicatedServerLogToClient, (CModule module))
+{
+	CGameClient__ClientPrintf = module.Offset(0x1016A0).RCast<void (*)(CBaseClient*, const char*, ...)>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/dedicated/dedicatedlogtoclient.h b/primedev/dedicated/dedicatedlogtoclient.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82f4c56b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/dedicated/dedicatedlogtoclient.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "logging/logging.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+
+class DedicatedServerLogToClientSink : public CustomSink
+{
+protected:
+	void custom_sink_it_(const custom_log_msg& msg);
+	void sink_it_(const spdlog::details::log_msg& msg) override;
+	void flush_() override;
+};
diff --git a/primedev/dedicated/dedicatedmaterialsystem.cpp b/primedev/dedicated/dedicatedmaterialsystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01078086
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/dedicated/dedicatedmaterialsystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include "dedicated.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(D3D11CreateDevice, materialsystem_dx11.dll + 0xD9A0E,
+HRESULT, __stdcall, (
+	void* pAdapter,
+	int DriverType,
+	HMODULE Software,
+	UINT Flags,
+	int* pFeatureLevels,
+	UINT FeatureLevels,
+	UINT SDKVersion,
+	void** ppDevice,
+	int* pFeatureLevel,
+	void** ppImmediateContext))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// note: this is super duper temp pretty much just messing around with it
+	// does run surprisingly well on dedi for a software driver tho if you ignore the +1gb ram usage at times, seems like dedi doesn't
+	// really call gpu much even with renderthread still being a thing will be using this hook for actual d3d stubbing and stuff later
+
+	// note: this has been succeeded by the d3d11 and gfsdk stubs, and is only being kept around for posterity and as a fallback option
+	if (CommandLine()->CheckParm("-softwared3d11"))
+		DriverType = 5; // D3D_DRIVER_TYPE_WARP
+
+	return D3D11CreateDevice(
+		pAdapter, DriverType, Software, Flags, pFeatureLevels, FeatureLevels, SDKVersion, ppDevice, pFeatureLevel, ppImmediateContext);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_DEDI("materialsystem_dx11.dll", DedicatedServerMaterialSystem, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	// CMaterialSystem::FindMaterial
+	// make the game always use the error material
+	module.Offset(0x5F0F1).Patch("E9 34 03 00");
+}
diff --git a/primedev/dllmain.cpp b/primedev/dllmain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d9bdc97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/dllmain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include "dllmain.h"
+#include "logging/logging.h"
+#include "logging/crashhandler.h"
+#include "core/memalloc.h"
+#include "core/vanilla.h"
+#include "config/profile.h"
+#include "plugins/plugin_abi.h"
+#include "plugins/plugins.h"
+#include "plugins/pluginbackend.h"
+#include "util/version.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "server/serverpresence.h"
+
+#include "rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "rapidjson/stringbuffer.h"
+#include "rapidjson/writer.h"
+#include "rapidjson/error/en.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+BOOL APIENTRY DllMain(HMODULE hModule, DWORD ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReserved)
+{
+	switch (ul_reason_for_call)
+	{
+	case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
+	case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
+	case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
+	case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return TRUE;
+}
+
+bool InitialiseNorthstar()
+{
+	static bool bInitialised = false;
+	if (bInitialised)
+		return false;
+
+	bInitialised = true;
+
+	InitialiseNorthstarPrefix();
+
+	// initialise the console if needed (-northstar needs this)
+	InitialiseConsole();
+	// initialise logging before most other things so that they can use spdlog and it have the proper formatting
+	InitialiseLogging();
+	InitialiseVersion();
+	CreateLogFiles();
+
+	g_pCrashHandler = new CCrashHandler();
+	bool bAllFatal = strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-crash_handle_all") != NULL;
+	g_pCrashHandler->SetAllFatal(bAllFatal);
+
+	// determine if we are in vanilla-compatibility mode
+	g_pVanillaCompatibility = new VanillaCompatibility();
+	g_pVanillaCompatibility->SetVanillaCompatibility(strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-vanilla") != NULL);
+
+	// Write launcher version to log
+	StartupLog();
+
+	InstallInitialHooks();
+
+	g_pServerPresence = new ServerPresenceManager();
+
+	g_pPluginManager = new PluginManager();
+	g_pPluginCommunicationhandler = new PluginCommunicationHandler();
+	g_pPluginManager->LoadPlugins();
+
+	InitialiseSquirrelManagers();
+
+	// Fix some users' failure to connect to respawn datacenters
+	SetEnvironmentVariableA("OPENSSL_ia32cap", "~0x200000200000000");
+
+	curl_global_init_mem(CURL_GLOBAL_DEFAULT, _malloc_base, _free_base, _realloc_base, _strdup_base, _calloc_base);
+
+	// run callbacks for any libraries that are already loaded by now
+	CallAllPendingDLLLoadCallbacks();
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/dllmain.h b/primedev/dllmain.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0debf379
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/dllmain.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) bool InitialiseNorthstar();
diff --git a/primedev/engine/host.cpp b/primedev/engine/host.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dacb8fc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/engine/host.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "util/printcommands.h"
+#include "util/printmaps.h"
+#include "shared/misccommands.h"
+#include "r2engine.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(Host_Init, engine.dll + 0x155EA0,
+void, __fastcall, (bool bDedicated))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	spdlog::info("Host_Init()");
+	Host_Init(bDedicated);
+	FixupCvarFlags();
+	// need to initialise these after host_init since they do stuff to preexisting concommands/convars without being client/server specific
+	InitialiseCommandPrint();
+	InitialiseMapsPrint();
+	// client/server autoexecs on necessary platforms
+	// dedi needs autoexec_ns_server on boot, while non-dedi will run it on on listen server start
+	if (bDedicated)
+		Cbuf_AddText(Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer(), "exec autoexec_ns_server", cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode);
+	else
+		Cbuf_AddText(Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer(), "exec autoexec_ns_client", cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", Host_Init, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+}
diff --git a/primedev/engine/hoststate.cpp b/primedev/engine/hoststate.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec728afb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/engine/hoststate.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+#include "engine/hoststate.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "server/auth/serverauthentication.h"
+#include "server/serverpresence.h"
+#include "shared/playlist.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "plugins/plugins.h"
+#include "plugins/pluginbackend.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+CHostState* g_pHostState;
+
+std::string sLastMode;
+
+VAR_AT(engine.dll + 0x13FA6070, ConVar*, Cvar_hostport);
+FUNCTION_AT(engine.dll + 0x1232C0, void, __fastcall, _Cmd_Exec_f, (const CCommand& arg, bool bOnlyIfExists, bool bUseWhitelists));
+
+void ServerStartingOrChangingMap()
+{
+	ConVar* Cvar_mp_gamemode = g_pCVar->FindVar("mp_gamemode");
+
+	// directly call _Cmd_Exec_f to avoid weirdness with ; being in mp_gamemode potentially
+	// if we ran exec {mp_gamemode} and mp_gamemode contained semicolons, this could be used to execute more commands
+	char* commandBuf[1040]; // assumedly this is the size of CCommand since we don't have an actual constructor
+	memset(commandBuf, 0, sizeof(commandBuf));
+	CCommand tempCommand = *(CCommand*)&commandBuf;
+	if (sLastMode.length() &&
+		CCommand__Tokenize(tempCommand, fmt::format("exec server/cleanup_gamemode_{}", sLastMode).c_str(), cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode))
+		_Cmd_Exec_f(tempCommand, false, false);
+
+	memset(commandBuf, 0, sizeof(commandBuf));
+	if (CCommand__Tokenize(
+			tempCommand,
+			fmt::format("exec server/setup_gamemode_{}", sLastMode = Cvar_mp_gamemode->GetString()).c_str(),
+			cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode))
+	{
+		_Cmd_Exec_f(tempCommand, false, false);
+	}
+
+	Cbuf_Execute(); // exec everything right now
+
+	// net_data_block_enabled is required for sp, force it if we're on an sp map
+	// sucks for security but just how it be
+	if (!strncmp(g_pHostState->m_levelName, "sp_", 3))
+	{
+		g_pCVar->FindVar("net_data_block_enabled")->SetValue(true);
+		g_pServerAuthentication->m_bStartingLocalSPGame = true;
+	}
+	else
+		g_pServerAuthentication->m_bStartingLocalSPGame = false;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CHostState__State_NewGame, engine.dll + 0x16E7D0,
+void, __fastcall, (CHostState* self))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	spdlog::info("HostState: NewGame");
+
+	Cbuf_AddText(Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer(), "exec autoexec_ns_server", cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode);
+	Cbuf_Execute();
+
+	// need to do this to ensure we don't go to private match
+	if (g_pServerAuthentication->m_bNeedLocalAuthForNewgame)
+		R2::SetCurrentPlaylist("tdm");
+
+	ServerStartingOrChangingMap();
+
+	double dStartTime = Plat_FloatTime();
+	CHostState__State_NewGame(self);
+	spdlog::info("loading took {}s", Plat_FloatTime() - dStartTime);
+
+	// setup server presence
+	g_pServerPresence->CreatePresence();
+	g_pServerPresence->SetMap(g_pHostState->m_levelName, true);
+	g_pServerPresence->SetPlaylist(R2::GetCurrentPlaylistName());
+	g_pServerPresence->SetPort(Cvar_hostport->GetInt());
+
+	g_pServerAuthentication->m_bNeedLocalAuthForNewgame = false;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CHostState__State_LoadGame, engine.dll + 0x16E730,
+void, __fastcall, (CHostState* self))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// singleplayer server starting
+	// useless in 99% of cases but without it things could potentially break very much
+
+	spdlog::info("HostState: LoadGame");
+
+	Cbuf_AddText(Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer(), "exec autoexec_ns_server", cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode);
+	Cbuf_Execute();
+
+	// this is normally done in ServerStartingOrChangingMap(), but seemingly the map name isn't set at this point
+	g_pCVar->FindVar("net_data_block_enabled")->SetValue(true);
+	g_pServerAuthentication->m_bStartingLocalSPGame = true;
+
+	double dStartTime = Plat_FloatTime();
+	CHostState__State_LoadGame(self);
+	spdlog::info("loading took {}s", Plat_FloatTime() - dStartTime);
+
+	// no server presence, can't do it because no map name in hoststate
+	// and also not super important for sp saves really
+
+	g_pServerAuthentication->m_bNeedLocalAuthForNewgame = false;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CHostState__State_ChangeLevelMP, engine.dll + 0x16E520,
+void, __fastcall, (CHostState* self))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	spdlog::info("HostState: ChangeLevelMP");
+
+	ServerStartingOrChangingMap();
+
+	double dStartTime = Plat_FloatTime();
+	CHostState__State_ChangeLevelMP(self);
+	spdlog::info("loading took {}s", Plat_FloatTime() - dStartTime);
+
+	g_pServerPresence->SetMap(g_pHostState->m_levelName);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CHostState__State_GameShutdown, engine.dll + 0x16E640,
+void, __fastcall, (CHostState* self))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	spdlog::info("HostState: GameShutdown");
+
+	g_pServerPresence->DestroyPresence();
+
+	CHostState__State_GameShutdown(self);
+
+	// run gamemode cleanup cfg now instead of when we start next map
+	if (sLastMode.length())
+	{
+		char* commandBuf[1040]; // assumedly this is the size of CCommand since we don't have an actual constructor
+		memset(commandBuf, 0, sizeof(commandBuf));
+		CCommand tempCommand = *(CCommand*)&commandBuf;
+		if (CCommand__Tokenize(
+				tempCommand, fmt::format("exec server/cleanup_gamemode_{}", sLastMode).c_str(), cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode))
+		{
+			_Cmd_Exec_f(tempCommand, false, false);
+			Cbuf_Execute();
+		}
+
+		sLastMode.clear();
+	}
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CHostState__FrameUpdate, engine.dll + 0x16DB00,
+void, __fastcall, (CHostState* self, double flCurrentTime, float flFrameTime))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	CHostState__FrameUpdate(self, flCurrentTime, flFrameTime);
+
+	if (*g_pServerState == server_state_t::ss_active)
+	{
+		// update server presence
+		g_pServerPresence->RunFrame(flCurrentTime);
+
+		// update limits for frame
+		g_pServerLimits->RunFrame(flCurrentTime, flFrameTime);
+	}
+
+	// Run Squirrel message buffer
+	if (g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->m_pSQVM != nullptr && g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->m_pSQVM->sqvm != nullptr)
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->ProcessMessageBuffer();
+
+	if (g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->m_pSQVM != nullptr && g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->m_pSQVM->sqvm != nullptr)
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->ProcessMessageBuffer();
+
+	if (g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->m_pSQVM != nullptr && g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->m_pSQVM->sqvm != nullptr)
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->ProcessMessageBuffer();
+
+	g_pPluginManager->RunFrame();
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", HostState, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	g_pHostState = module.Offset(0x7CF180).RCast<CHostState*>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/engine/hoststate.h b/primedev/engine/hoststate.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..290903ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/engine/hoststate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#pragma once
+
+enum class HostState_t
+{
+	HS_NEW_GAME = 0,
+	HS_LOAD_GAME,
+	HS_CHANGE_LEVEL_SP,
+	HS_CHANGE_LEVEL_MP,
+	HS_RUN,
+	HS_GAME_SHUTDOWN,
+	HS_SHUTDOWN,
+	HS_RESTART,
+};
+
+struct CHostState
+{
+public:
+	HostState_t m_iCurrentState;
+	HostState_t m_iNextState;
+
+	float m_vecLocation[3];
+	float m_angLocation[3];
+
+	char m_levelName[32];
+	char m_mapGroupName[32];
+	char m_landmarkName[32];
+	char m_saveName[32];
+	float m_flShortFrameTime; // run a few one-tick frames to avoid large timesteps while loading assets
+
+	bool m_activeGame;
+	bool m_bRememberLocation;
+	bool m_bBackgroundLevel;
+	bool m_bWaitingForConnection;
+	bool m_bLetToolsOverrideLoadGameEnts; // During a load game, this tells Foundry to override ents that are selected in Hammer.
+	bool m_bSplitScreenConnect;
+	bool m_bGameHasShutDownAndFlushedMemory; // This is false once we load a map into memory, and set to true once the map is unloaded
+											 // and all memory flushed
+	bool m_bWorkshopMapDownloadPending;
+};
+
+extern CHostState* g_pHostState;
diff --git a/primedev/engine/r2engine.cpp b/primedev/engine/r2engine.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88500376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/engine/r2engine.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#include "r2engine.h"
+
+Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayerType Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer;
+Cbuf_AddTextType Cbuf_AddText;
+Cbuf_ExecuteType Cbuf_Execute;
+
+bool (*CCommand__Tokenize)(CCommand& self, const char* pCommandString, cmd_source_t commandSource);
+
+CEngine* g_pEngine;
+
+void (*CBaseClient__Disconnect)(void* self, uint32_t unknownButAlways1, const char* reason, ...);
+CBaseClient* g_pClientArray;
+
+server_state_t* g_pServerState;
+
+char* g_pModName =
+	nullptr; // we cant set this up here atm since we dont have an offset to it in engine, instead we store it in IsRespawnMod
+
+CGlobalVars* g_pGlobals;
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", R2Engine, (CModule module))
+{
+	Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer = module.Offset(0x120630).RCast<Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayerType>();
+	Cbuf_AddText = module.Offset(0x1203B0).RCast<Cbuf_AddTextType>();
+	Cbuf_Execute = module.Offset(0x1204B0).RCast<Cbuf_ExecuteType>();
+
+	CCommand__Tokenize = module.Offset(0x418380).RCast<bool (*)(CCommand&, const char*, cmd_source_t)>();
+
+	g_pEngine = module.Offset(0x7D70C8).Deref().RCast<CEngine*>();
+
+	CBaseClient__Disconnect = module.Offset(0x1012C0).RCast<void (*)(void*, uint32_t, const char*, ...)>();
+	g_pClientArray = module.Offset(0x12A53F90).RCast<CBaseClient*>();
+
+	g_pServerState = module.Offset(0x12A53D48).RCast<server_state_t*>();
+
+	g_pGlobals = module.Offset(0x7C6F70).RCast<CGlobalVars*>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/engine/r2engine.h b/primedev/engine/r2engine.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3bcc37e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/engine/r2engine.h
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "shared/keyvalues.h"
+
+// Cbuf
+enum class ECommandTarget_t
+{
+	CBUF_FIRST_PLAYER = 0,
+	CBUF_LAST_PLAYER = 1, // MAX_SPLITSCREEN_CLIENTS - 1, MAX_SPLITSCREEN_CLIENTS = 2
+	CBUF_SERVER = CBUF_LAST_PLAYER + 1,
+
+	CBUF_COUNT,
+};
+
+enum class cmd_source_t
+{
+	// Added to the console buffer by gameplay code.  Generally unrestricted.
+	kCommandSrcCode,
+
+	// Sent from code via engine->ClientCmd, which is restricted to commands visible
+	// via FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS.
+	kCommandSrcClientCmd,
+
+	// Typed in at the console or via a user key-bind.  Generally unrestricted, although
+	// the client will throttle commands sent to the server this way to 16 per second.
+	kCommandSrcUserInput,
+
+	// Came in over a net connection as a clc_stringcmd
+	// host_client will be valid during this state.
+	//
+	// Restricted to FCVAR_GAMEDLL commands (but not convars) and special non-ConCommand
+	// server commands hardcoded into gameplay code (e.g. "joingame")
+	kCommandSrcNetClient,
+
+	// Received from the server as the client
+	//
+	// Restricted to commands with FCVAR_SERVER_CAN_EXECUTE
+	kCommandSrcNetServer,
+
+	// Being played back from a demo file
+	//
+	// Not currently restricted by convar flag, but some commands manually ignore calls
+	// from this source.  FIXME: Should be heavily restricted as demo commands can come
+	// from untrusted sources.
+	kCommandSrcDemoFile,
+
+	// Invalid value used when cleared
+	kCommandSrcInvalid = -1
+};
+
+typedef ECommandTarget_t (*Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayerType)();
+extern Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayerType Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer;
+
+typedef void (*Cbuf_AddTextType)(ECommandTarget_t eTarget, const char* text, cmd_source_t source);
+extern Cbuf_AddTextType Cbuf_AddText;
+
+typedef void (*Cbuf_ExecuteType)();
+extern Cbuf_ExecuteType Cbuf_Execute;
+
+extern bool (*CCommand__Tokenize)(CCommand& self, const char* pCommandString, cmd_source_t commandSource);
+
+// CEngine
+
+enum EngineQuitState
+{
+	QUIT_NOTQUITTING = 0,
+	QUIT_TODESKTOP,
+	QUIT_RESTART
+};
+
+enum class EngineState_t
+{
+	DLL_INACTIVE = 0, // no dll
+	DLL_ACTIVE, // engine is focused
+	DLL_CLOSE, // closing down dll
+	DLL_RESTART, // engine is shutting down but will restart right away
+	DLL_PAUSED, // engine is paused, can become active from this state
+};
+
+class CEngine
+{
+public:
+	virtual void unknown() = 0; // unsure if this is where
+	virtual bool Load(bool dedicated, const char* baseDir) = 0;
+	virtual void Unload() = 0;
+	virtual void SetNextState(EngineState_t iNextState) = 0;
+	virtual EngineState_t GetState() = 0;
+	virtual void Frame() = 0;
+	virtual double GetFrameTime() = 0;
+	virtual float GetCurTime() = 0;
+
+	EngineQuitState m_nQuitting;
+	EngineState_t m_nDllState;
+	EngineState_t m_nNextDllState;
+	double m_flCurrentTime;
+	float m_flFrameTime;
+	double m_flPreviousTime;
+	float m_flFilteredTime;
+	float m_flMinFrameTime; // Expected duration of a frame, or zero if it is unlimited.
+};
+
+extern CEngine* g_pEngine;
+
+extern void (*CBaseClient__Disconnect)(void* self, uint32_t unknownButAlways1, const char* reason, ...);
+
+#pragma once
+typedef enum
+{
+	NA_NULL = 0,
+	NA_LOOPBACK,
+	NA_IP,
+} netadrtype_t;
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+typedef struct netadr_s
+{
+	netadrtype_t type;
+	unsigned char ip[16]; // IPv6
+	// IPv4's 127.0.0.1 is [::ffff:127.0.0.1], that is:
+	// 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00    00 00 FF FF 7F 00 00 01
+	unsigned short port;
+} netadr_t;
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+typedef struct netpacket_s
+{
+	netadr_t adr; // sender address
+	// int				source;		// received source
+	char unk[10];
+	double received_time;
+	unsigned char* data; // pointer to raw packet data
+	void* message; // easy bitbuf data access // 'inpacket.message' etc etc (pointer)
+	char unk2[16];
+	int size;
+
+	// bf_read			message;	// easy bitbuf data access // 'inpacket.message' etc etc (pointer)
+	// int				size;		// size in bytes
+	// int				wiresize;   // size in bytes before decompression
+	// bool			stream;		// was send as stream
+	// struct netpacket_s* pNext;	// for internal use, should be NULL in public
+} netpacket_t;
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+// #56169 $DB69 PData size
+// #512   $200	Trailing data
+// #100	  $64	Safety buffer
+const int PERSISTENCE_MAX_SIZE = 0xDDCD;
+
+// note: NOT_READY and READY are the only entries we have here that are defined by the vanilla game
+// entries after this are custom and used to determine the source of persistence, e.g. whether it is local or remote
+enum class ePersistenceReady : char
+{
+	NOT_READY,
+	READY = 3,
+	READY_INSECURE = 3,
+	READY_REMOTE
+};
+
+enum class eSignonState : int
+{
+	NONE = 0, // no state yet; about to connect
+	CHALLENGE = 1, // client challenging server; all OOB packets
+	CONNECTED = 2, // client is connected to server; netchans ready
+	NEW = 3, // just got serverinfo and string tables
+	PRESPAWN = 4, // received signon buffers
+	GETTINGDATA = 5, // respawn-defined signonstate, assumedly this is for persistence
+	SPAWN = 6, // ready to receive entity packets
+	FIRSTSNAP = 7, // another respawn-defined one
+	FULL = 8, // we are fully connected; first non-delta packet received
+	CHANGELEVEL = 9, // server is changing level; please wait
+};
+
+// clang-format off
+OFFSET_STRUCT(CBaseClient)
+{
+	STRUCT_SIZE(0x2D728)
+	FIELD(0x16, char m_Name[64])
+	FIELD(0x258, KeyValues* m_ConVars)
+	FIELD(0x2A0, eSignonState m_Signon)
+	FIELD(0x358, char m_ClanTag[16])
+	FIELD(0x484, bool m_bFakePlayer)
+	FIELD(0x4A0, ePersistenceReady m_iPersistenceReady)
+	FIELD(0x4FA, char m_PersistenceBuffer[PERSISTENCE_MAX_SIZE])
+	FIELD(0xF500, char m_UID[32])
+};
+// clang-format on
+
+extern CBaseClient* g_pClientArray;
+
+enum server_state_t
+{
+	ss_dead = 0, // Dead
+	ss_loading, // Spawning
+	ss_active, // Running
+	ss_paused, // Running, but paused
+};
+
+extern server_state_t* g_pServerState;
+
+extern char* g_pModName;
+
+// clang-format off
+OFFSET_STRUCT(CGlobalVars)
+{
+	FIELD(0x0,
+		// Absolute time (per frame still - Use Plat_FloatTime() for a high precision real time 
+		//  perf clock, but not that it doesn't obey host_timescale/host_framerate)
+		double m_flRealTime);
+
+	FIELDS(0x8,
+		// Absolute frame counter - continues to increase even if game is paused
+		int m_nFrameCount;
+		
+		// Non-paused frametime
+		float m_flAbsoluteFrameTime;
+		
+		// Current time 
+		//
+		// On the client, this (along with tickcount) takes a different meaning based on what
+		// piece of code you're in:
+		// 
+		//   - While receiving network packets (like in PreDataUpdate/PostDataUpdate and proxies),
+		//     this is set to the SERVER TICKCOUNT for that packet. There is no interval between
+		//     the server ticks.
+		//     [server_current_Tick * tick_interval]
+		//
+		//   - While rendering, this is the exact client clock 
+		//     [client_current_tick * tick_interval + interpolation_amount]
+		//
+		//   - During prediction, this is based on the client's current tick:
+		//     [client_current_tick * tick_interval]
+		float m_flCurTime;
+	)
+
+	FIELDS(0x30,
+		// Time spent on last server or client frame (has nothing to do with think intervals)
+		float m_flFrameTime;
+
+		// current maxplayers setting
+		int m_nMaxClients;
+	)
+
+	FIELDS(0x3C,
+		// Simulation ticks - does not increase when game is paused
+		uint32_t m_nTickCount; // this is weird and doesn't seem to increase once per frame?
+
+		// Simulation tick interval
+		float m_flTickInterval;
+	)
+
+	FIELDS(0x60,
+		const char* m_pMapName;
+		int m_nMapVersion;
+	)
+
+	//FIELD(0x98, double m_flRealTime); // again?
+};
+// clang-format on
+
+extern CGlobalVars* g_pGlobals;
diff --git a/primedev/engine/runframe.cpp b/primedev/engine/runframe.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ddfd9253
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/engine/runframe.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "server/r2server.h"
+#include "hoststate.h"
+#include "server/serverpresence.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CEngine__Frame, engine.dll + 0x1C8650,
+void, __fastcall, (CEngine* self))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	CEngine__Frame(self);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", RunFrame, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+}
diff --git a/primedev/logging/crashhandler.cpp b/primedev/logging/crashhandler.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a01de5a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/logging/crashhandler.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,590 @@
+#include "crashhandler.h"
+#include "config/profile.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+#include "util/version.h"
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "plugins/plugins.h"
+
+#include <minidumpapiset.h>
+
+#define CRASHHANDLER_MAX_FRAMES 32
+#define CRASHHANDLER_GETMODULEHANDLE_FAIL "GetModuleHandleExA failed!"
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Vectored exception callback
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+LONG WINAPI ExceptionFilter(EXCEPTION_POINTERS* pExceptionInfo)
+{
+	g_pCrashHandler->Lock();
+
+	g_pCrashHandler->SetExceptionInfos(pExceptionInfo);
+
+	// Check if we should handle this
+	// NOTE [Fifty]: This gets called before even a try{} catch() {} can handle an exception
+	//               we don't handle these unless "-crash_handle_all" is passed as a launch arg
+	if (!g_pCrashHandler->IsExceptionFatal() && !g_pCrashHandler->GetAllFatal())
+	{
+		g_pCrashHandler->Unlock();
+		return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+	}
+
+	// Don't run if a debbuger is attached
+	if (IsDebuggerPresent())
+	{
+		g_pCrashHandler->Unlock();
+		return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+	}
+
+	// Prevent recursive calls
+	if (g_pCrashHandler->GetState())
+	{
+		g_pCrashHandler->Unlock();
+		ExitProcess(1);
+	}
+
+	g_pCrashHandler->SetState(true);
+
+	// Needs to be called first as we use the members this sets later on
+	g_pCrashHandler->SetCrashedModule();
+
+	// Format
+	g_pCrashHandler->FormatException();
+	g_pCrashHandler->FormatCallstack();
+	g_pCrashHandler->FormatRegisters();
+	g_pCrashHandler->FormatLoadedMods();
+	g_pCrashHandler->FormatLoadedPlugins();
+	g_pCrashHandler->FormatModules();
+
+	// Flush
+	NS::log::FlushLoggers();
+
+	// Write minidump
+	g_pCrashHandler->WriteMinidump();
+
+	// Show message box
+	g_pCrashHandler->ShowPopUpMessage();
+
+	g_pCrashHandler->Unlock();
+
+	// We showed the "Northstar has crashed" message box
+	// make sure we terminate
+	if (!g_pCrashHandler->IsExceptionFatal())
+		ExitProcess(1);
+
+	return EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: console control signal handler
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BOOL WINAPI ConsoleCtrlRoutine(DWORD dwCtrlType)
+{
+	// NOTE [Fifty]: When closing the process by closing the console we don't want
+	//               to trigger the crash handler so we remove it
+	switch (dwCtrlType)
+	{
+	case CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT:
+		spdlog::info("Exiting due to console close...");
+		delete g_pCrashHandler;
+		g_pCrashHandler = nullptr;
+		std::exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+		return TRUE;
+	}
+
+	return FALSE;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Constructor
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CCrashHandler::CCrashHandler()
+	: m_hExceptionFilter(nullptr)
+	, m_pExceptionInfos(nullptr)
+	, m_bHasSetConsolehandler(false)
+	, m_bAllExceptionsFatal(false)
+	, m_bHasShownCrashMsg(false)
+	, m_bState(false)
+{
+	Init();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Destructor
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CCrashHandler::~CCrashHandler()
+{
+	Shutdown();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Initilazes crash handler
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::Init()
+{
+	m_hExceptionFilter = AddVectoredExceptionHandler(TRUE, ExceptionFilter);
+	m_bHasSetConsolehandler = SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ConsoleCtrlRoutine, TRUE);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Shutdowns crash handler
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::Shutdown()
+{
+	if (m_hExceptionFilter)
+	{
+		RemoveVectoredExceptionHandler(m_hExceptionFilter);
+		m_hExceptionFilter = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	if (m_bHasSetConsolehandler)
+	{
+		SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ConsoleCtrlRoutine, FALSE);
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Sets the exception info
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::SetExceptionInfos(EXCEPTION_POINTERS* pExceptionPointers)
+{
+	m_pExceptionInfos = pExceptionPointers;
+}
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Sets the exception stirngs for message box
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::SetCrashedModule()
+{
+	LPCSTR pCrashAddress = static_cast<LPCSTR>(m_pExceptionInfos->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress);
+	HMODULE hCrashedModule;
+	if (!GetModuleHandleExA(GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS, pCrashAddress, &hCrashedModule))
+	{
+		m_svCrashedModule = CRASHHANDLER_GETMODULEHANDLE_FAIL;
+		m_svCrashedOffset = "";
+
+		DWORD dwErrorID = GetLastError();
+		if (dwErrorID != 0)
+		{
+			LPSTR pszBuffer;
+			DWORD dwSize = FormatMessageA(
+				FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
+				NULL,
+				dwErrorID,
+				MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
+				(LPSTR)&pszBuffer,
+				0,
+				NULL);
+
+			if (dwSize > 0)
+			{
+				m_svError = pszBuffer;
+				LocalFree(pszBuffer);
+			}
+		}
+
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Get module filename
+	CHAR szCrashedModulePath[MAX_PATH];
+	GetModuleFileNameExA(GetCurrentProcess(), hCrashedModule, szCrashedModulePath, sizeof(szCrashedModulePath));
+
+	const CHAR* pszCrashedModuleFileName = strrchr(szCrashedModulePath, '\\') + 1;
+
+	// Get relative address
+	LPCSTR pModuleBase = reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(pCrashAddress - reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(hCrashedModule));
+
+	m_svCrashedModule = pszCrashedModuleFileName;
+	m_svCrashedOffset = fmt::format("{:#x}", reinterpret_cast<DWORD64>(pModuleBase));
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Gets the exception null terminated stirng
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const CHAR* CCrashHandler::GetExceptionString() const
+{
+	return GetExceptionString(m_pExceptionInfos->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Gets the exception null terminated stirng
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const CHAR* CCrashHandler::GetExceptionString(DWORD dwExceptionCode) const
+{
+	// clang-format off
+	switch (dwExceptionCode)
+	{
+	case EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION:         return "EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION";
+	case EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT:    return "EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT";
+	case EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT:               return "EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT";
+	case EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP:              return "EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP";
+	case EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED:    return "EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED";
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND:     return "EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND";
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO:       return "EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO";
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT:       return "EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT";
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION:    return "EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION";
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW:             return "EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW";
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK:          return "EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK";
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW:            return "EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW";
+	case EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO:       return "EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO";
+	case EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW:             return "EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW";
+	case EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION:         return "EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION";
+	case EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR:            return "EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR";
+	case EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION:      return "EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION";
+	case EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION: return "EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION";
+	case EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW:           return "EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW";
+	case EXCEPTION_INVALID_DISPOSITION:      return "EXCEPTION_INVALID_DISPOSITION";
+	case EXCEPTION_GUARD_PAGE:               return "EXCEPTION_GUARD_PAGE";
+	case EXCEPTION_INVALID_HANDLE:           return "EXCEPTION_INVALID_HANDLE";
+	case 3765269347:                         return "RUNTIME_EXCEPTION";
+	}
+	// clang-format on
+	return "UNKNOWN_EXCEPTION";
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns true if exception is known
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool CCrashHandler::IsExceptionFatal() const
+{
+	return IsExceptionFatal(m_pExceptionInfos->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns true if exception is known
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool CCrashHandler::IsExceptionFatal(DWORD dwExceptionCode) const
+{
+	// clang-format off
+	switch (dwExceptionCode)
+	{
+	case EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION:
+	case EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT:
+	case EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT:
+	case EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP:
+	case EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED:
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND:
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO:
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT:
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION:
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW:
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK:
+	case EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW:
+	case EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO:
+	case EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW:
+	case EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION:
+	case EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR:
+	case EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION:
+	case EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION:
+	case EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW:
+	case EXCEPTION_INVALID_DISPOSITION:
+	case EXCEPTION_GUARD_PAGE:
+	case EXCEPTION_INVALID_HANDLE:
+		return true;
+	}
+	// clang-format on
+	return false;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Shows a message box
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::ShowPopUpMessage()
+{
+	if (m_bHasShownCrashMsg)
+		return;
+
+	m_bHasShownCrashMsg = true;
+
+	if (!IsDedicatedServer())
+	{
+		std::string svMessage = fmt::format(
+			"Northstar has crashed! Crash info can be found at {}/logs!\n\n{}\n{} + {}",
+			GetNorthstarPrefix(),
+			GetExceptionString(),
+			m_svCrashedModule,
+			m_svCrashedOffset);
+
+		MessageBoxA(GetForegroundWindow(), svMessage.c_str(), "Northstar has crashed!", MB_ICONERROR | MB_OK);
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::FormatException()
+{
+	spdlog::error("-------------------------------------------");
+	spdlog::error("Northstar has crashed!");
+	spdlog::error("\tVersion: {}", version);
+	if (!m_svError.empty())
+	{
+		spdlog::info("\tEncountered an error when gathering crash information!");
+		spdlog::info("\tWinApi Error: {}", m_svError.c_str());
+	}
+	spdlog::error("\t{}", GetExceptionString());
+
+	DWORD dwExceptionCode = m_pExceptionInfos->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode;
+	if (dwExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION || dwExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR)
+	{
+		ULONG_PTR uExceptionInfo0 = m_pExceptionInfos->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[0];
+		ULONG_PTR uExceptionInfo1 = m_pExceptionInfos->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1];
+
+		if (!uExceptionInfo0)
+			spdlog::error("\tAttempted to read from: {:#x}", uExceptionInfo1);
+		else if (uExceptionInfo0 == 1)
+			spdlog::error("\tAttempted to write to: {:#x}", uExceptionInfo1);
+		else if (uExceptionInfo0 == 8)
+			spdlog::error("\tData Execution Prevention (DEP) at: {:#x}", uExceptionInfo1);
+		else
+			spdlog::error("\tUnknown access violation at: {:#x}", uExceptionInfo1);
+	}
+
+	spdlog::error("\tAt: {} + {}", m_svCrashedModule, m_svCrashedOffset);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::FormatCallstack()
+{
+	spdlog::error("Callstack:");
+
+	PVOID pFrames[CRASHHANDLER_MAX_FRAMES];
+
+	int iFrames = RtlCaptureStackBackTrace(0, CRASHHANDLER_MAX_FRAMES, pFrames, NULL);
+
+	// Above call gives us frames after the crash occured, we only want to print the ones starting from where
+	// the exception was called
+	bool bSkipExceptionHandlingFrames = true;
+
+	// We ran into an error when getting the offset, just print all frames
+	if (m_svCrashedOffset.empty())
+		bSkipExceptionHandlingFrames = false;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < iFrames; i++)
+	{
+		const CHAR* pszModuleFileName;
+
+		LPCSTR pAddress = static_cast<LPCSTR>(pFrames[i]);
+		HMODULE hModule;
+		if (!GetModuleHandleExA(GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS, pAddress, &hModule))
+		{
+			pszModuleFileName = CRASHHANDLER_GETMODULEHANDLE_FAIL;
+			// If we fail here it's too late to do any damage control
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			CHAR szModulePath[MAX_PATH];
+			GetModuleFileNameExA(GetCurrentProcess(), hModule, szModulePath, sizeof(szModulePath));
+			pszModuleFileName = strrchr(szModulePath, '\\') + 1;
+		}
+
+		// Get relative address
+		LPCSTR pCrashOffset = reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(pAddress - reinterpret_cast<LPCSTR>(hModule));
+		std::string svCrashOffset = fmt::format("{:#x}", reinterpret_cast<DWORD64>(pCrashOffset));
+
+		// Should we log this frame
+		if (bSkipExceptionHandlingFrames)
+		{
+			if (m_svCrashedModule == pszModuleFileName && m_svCrashedOffset == svCrashOffset)
+			{
+				bSkipExceptionHandlingFrames = false;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Log module + offset
+		spdlog::error("\t{} + {:#x}", pszModuleFileName, reinterpret_cast<DWORD64>(pCrashOffset));
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::FormatFlags(const CHAR* pszRegister, DWORD nValue)
+{
+	spdlog::error("\t{}: {:#b}", pszRegister, nValue);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::FormatIntReg(const CHAR* pszRegister, DWORD64 nValue)
+{
+	spdlog::error("\t{}: {:#x}", pszRegister, nValue);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::FormatFloatReg(const CHAR* pszRegister, M128A nValue)
+{
+	DWORD nVec[4] = {
+		static_cast<DWORD>(nValue.Low & UINT_MAX),
+		static_cast<DWORD>(nValue.Low >> 32),
+		static_cast<DWORD>(nValue.High & UINT_MAX),
+		static_cast<DWORD>(nValue.High >> 32)};
+
+	spdlog::error(
+		"\t{}: [ {:G}, {:G}, {:G}, {:G} ]; [ {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x}, {:#x} ]",
+		pszRegister,
+		static_cast<float>(nVec[0]),
+		static_cast<float>(nVec[1]),
+		static_cast<float>(nVec[2]),
+		static_cast<float>(nVec[3]),
+		nVec[0],
+		nVec[1],
+		nVec[2],
+		nVec[3]);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::FormatRegisters()
+{
+	spdlog::error("Registers:");
+
+	PCONTEXT pContext = m_pExceptionInfos->ContextRecord;
+
+	FormatFlags("Flags:", pContext->ContextFlags);
+
+	FormatIntReg("Rax", pContext->Rax);
+	FormatIntReg("Rcx", pContext->Rcx);
+	FormatIntReg("Rdx", pContext->Rdx);
+	FormatIntReg("Rbx", pContext->Rbx);
+	FormatIntReg("Rsp", pContext->Rsp);
+	FormatIntReg("Rbp", pContext->Rbp);
+	FormatIntReg("Rsi", pContext->Rsi);
+	FormatIntReg("Rdi", pContext->Rdi);
+	FormatIntReg("R8 ", pContext->R8);
+	FormatIntReg("R9 ", pContext->R9);
+	FormatIntReg("R10", pContext->R10);
+	FormatIntReg("R11", pContext->R11);
+	FormatIntReg("R12", pContext->R12);
+	FormatIntReg("R13", pContext->R13);
+	FormatIntReg("R14", pContext->R14);
+	FormatIntReg("R15", pContext->R15);
+	FormatIntReg("Rip", pContext->Rip);
+
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm0 ", pContext->Xmm0);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm1 ", pContext->Xmm1);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm2 ", pContext->Xmm2);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm3 ", pContext->Xmm3);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm4 ", pContext->Xmm4);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm5 ", pContext->Xmm5);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm6 ", pContext->Xmm6);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm7 ", pContext->Xmm7);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm8 ", pContext->Xmm8);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm9 ", pContext->Xmm9);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm10", pContext->Xmm10);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm11", pContext->Xmm11);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm12", pContext->Xmm12);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm13", pContext->Xmm13);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm14", pContext->Xmm14);
+	FormatFloatReg("Xmm15", pContext->Xmm15);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::FormatLoadedMods()
+{
+	if (g_pModManager)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Enabled mods:");
+		for (const Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+		{
+			if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+				continue;
+
+			spdlog::error("\t{}", mod.Name);
+		}
+
+		spdlog::error("Disabled mods:");
+		for (const Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+		{
+			if (mod.m_bEnabled)
+				continue;
+
+			spdlog::error("\t{}", mod.Name);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::FormatLoadedPlugins()
+{
+	if (g_pPluginManager)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Loaded Plugins:");
+		for (const Plugin& plugin : g_pPluginManager->m_vLoadedPlugins)
+		{
+			spdlog::error("\t{}", plugin.name);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::FormatModules()
+{
+	spdlog::error("Loaded modules:");
+	HMODULE hModules[1024];
+	DWORD cbNeeded;
+
+	if (EnumProcessModules(GetCurrentProcess(), hModules, sizeof(hModules), &cbNeeded))
+	{
+		for (DWORD i = 0; i < (cbNeeded / sizeof(HMODULE)); i++)
+		{
+			CHAR szModulePath[MAX_PATH];
+			if (GetModuleFileNameExA(GetCurrentProcess(), hModules[i], szModulePath, sizeof(szModulePath)))
+			{
+				const CHAR* pszModuleFileName = strrchr(szModulePath, '\\') + 1;
+				spdlog::error("\t{}", pszModuleFileName);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Writes minidump to disk
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void CCrashHandler::WriteMinidump()
+{
+	time_t time = std::time(nullptr);
+	tm currentTime = *std::localtime(&time);
+	std::stringstream stream;
+	stream << std::put_time(&currentTime, (GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/logs/nsdump%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S.dmp").c_str());
+
+	HANDLE hMinidumpFile = CreateFileA(stream.str().c_str(), GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, 0, CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, 0);
+	if (hMinidumpFile)
+	{
+		MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION dumpExceptionInfo;
+		dumpExceptionInfo.ThreadId = GetCurrentThreadId();
+		dumpExceptionInfo.ExceptionPointers = m_pExceptionInfos;
+		dumpExceptionInfo.ClientPointers = false;
+
+		MiniDumpWriteDump(
+			GetCurrentProcess(),
+			GetCurrentProcessId(),
+			hMinidumpFile,
+			MINIDUMP_TYPE(MiniDumpWithIndirectlyReferencedMemory | MiniDumpScanMemory),
+			&dumpExceptionInfo,
+			nullptr,
+			nullptr);
+		CloseHandle(hMinidumpFile);
+	}
+	else
+		spdlog::error("Failed to write minidump file {}!", stream.str());
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CCrashHandler* g_pCrashHandler = nullptr;
diff --git a/primedev/logging/crashhandler.h b/primedev/logging/crashhandler.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c059a8ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/logging/crashhandler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Exception handling
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class CCrashHandler
+{
+public:
+	CCrashHandler();
+	~CCrashHandler();
+
+	void Init();
+	void Shutdown();
+
+	void Lock()
+	{
+		m_Mutex.lock();
+	}
+
+	void Unlock()
+	{
+		m_Mutex.unlock();
+	}
+
+	void SetState(bool bState)
+	{
+		m_bState = bState;
+	}
+
+	bool GetState() const
+	{
+		return m_bState;
+	}
+
+	void SetAllFatal(bool bState)
+	{
+		m_bAllExceptionsFatal = bState;
+	}
+
+	bool GetAllFatal() const
+	{
+		return m_bAllExceptionsFatal;
+	}
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Exception helpers
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	void SetExceptionInfos(EXCEPTION_POINTERS* pExceptionPointers);
+
+	void SetCrashedModule();
+
+	const CHAR* GetExceptionString() const;
+	const CHAR* GetExceptionString(DWORD dwExceptionCode) const;
+
+	bool IsExceptionFatal() const;
+	bool IsExceptionFatal(DWORD dwExceptionCode) const;
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Formatting
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	void ShowPopUpMessage();
+
+	void FormatException();
+	void FormatCallstack();
+	void FormatFlags(const CHAR* pszRegister, DWORD nValue);
+	void FormatIntReg(const CHAR* pszRegister, DWORD64 nValue);
+	void FormatFloatReg(const CHAR* pszRegister, M128A nValue);
+	void FormatRegisters();
+	void FormatLoadedMods();
+	void FormatLoadedPlugins();
+	void FormatModules();
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Minidump
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	void WriteMinidump();
+
+private:
+	PVOID m_hExceptionFilter;
+	EXCEPTION_POINTERS* m_pExceptionInfos;
+
+	bool m_bHasSetConsolehandler;
+	bool m_bAllExceptionsFatal;
+	bool m_bHasShownCrashMsg;
+	bool m_bState;
+
+	std::string m_svCrashedModule;
+	std::string m_svCrashedOffset;
+
+	std::string m_svError;
+
+	std::mutex m_Mutex;
+};
+
+extern CCrashHandler* g_pCrashHandler;
diff --git a/primedev/logging/logging.cpp b/primedev/logging/logging.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3416bb8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/logging/logging.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "config/profile.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "util/version.h"
+#include "spdlog/sinks/basic_file_sink.h"
+
+#include <winternl.h>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger>> loggers {};
+
+namespace NS::log
+{
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> SCRIPT_UI;
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> SCRIPT_CL;
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> SCRIPT_SV;
+
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> NATIVE_UI;
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> NATIVE_CL;
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> NATIVE_SV;
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> NATIVE_EN;
+
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> fs;
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> rpak;
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> echo;
+
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> NORTHSTAR;
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> PLUGINSYS;
+}; // namespace NS::log
+
+// This needs to be called after hooks are loaded so we can access the command line args
+void CreateLogFiles()
+{
+	if (strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-disablelogs"))
+	{
+		spdlog::default_logger()->set_level(spdlog::level::off);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		try
+		{
+			// todo: might be good to delete logs that are too old
+			time_t time = std::time(nullptr);
+			tm currentTime = *std::localtime(&time);
+			std::stringstream stream;
+
+			stream << std::put_time(&currentTime, (GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/logs/nslog%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S.txt").c_str());
+			auto sink = std::make_shared<spdlog::sinks::basic_file_sink_mt>(stream.str(), false);
+			sink->set_pattern("[%Y-%m-%d] [%H:%M:%S] [%n] [%l] %v");
+			for (auto& logger : loggers)
+			{
+				logger->sinks().push_back(sink);
+			}
+			spdlog::flush_on(spdlog::level::info);
+		}
+		catch (...)
+		{
+			spdlog::error("Failed creating log file!");
+			MessageBoxA(
+				0, "Failed creating log file! Make sure the profile directory is writable.", "Northstar Warning", MB_ICONWARNING | MB_OK);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void ExternalConsoleSink::sink_it_(const spdlog::details::log_msg& msg)
+{
+	throw std::runtime_error("sink_it_ called on SourceConsoleSink with pure log_msg. This is an error!");
+}
+
+void ExternalConsoleSink::custom_sink_it_(const custom_log_msg& msg)
+{
+	spdlog::memory_buf_t formatted;
+	spdlog::sinks::base_sink<std::mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+
+	std::string out = "";
+	// if ansi colour is turned off, just use WriteConsoleA and return
+	if (!g_bSpdLog_UseAnsiColor)
+	{
+		out += fmt::to_string(formatted);
+	}
+
+	// print to the console with colours
+	else
+	{
+		// get message string
+		std::string str = fmt::to_string(formatted);
+
+		std::string levelColor = m_LogColours[msg.level];
+		std::string name {msg.logger_name.begin(), msg.logger_name.end()};
+
+		std::string name_str = "[NAME]";
+		int name_pos = str.find(name_str);
+		str.replace(name_pos, name_str.length(), msg.origin->ANSIColor + "[" + name + "]" + default_color);
+
+		std::string level_str = "[LVL]";
+		int level_pos = str.find(level_str);
+		str.replace(level_pos, level_str.length(), levelColor + "[" + std::string(level_names[msg.level]) + "]" + default_color);
+
+		out += str;
+	}
+	// print the string to the console - this is definitely bad i think
+	HANDLE handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+	auto ignored = WriteConsoleA(handle, out.c_str(), std::strlen(out.c_str()), nullptr, nullptr);
+	(void)ignored;
+}
+
+void ExternalConsoleSink::flush_()
+{
+	std::cout << std::flush;
+}
+
+void CustomSink::custom_log(const custom_log_msg& msg)
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+	custom_sink_it_(msg);
+}
+
+void InitialiseConsole()
+{
+	if (AllocConsole() == FALSE)
+	{
+		std::cout << "[*] Failed to create a console window, maybe a console already exists?" << std::endl;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		freopen("CONOUT$", "w", stdout);
+		freopen("CONOUT$", "w", stderr);
+	}
+
+	// this if statement is adapted from r5sdk
+	if (!strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-noansiclr"))
+	{
+		g_bSpdLog_UseAnsiColor = true;
+		DWORD dwMode = 0;
+		HANDLE hOutput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+
+		GetConsoleMode(hOutput, &dwMode);
+		dwMode |= ENABLE_PROCESSED_OUTPUT | ENABLE_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_PROCESSING;
+
+		if (!SetConsoleMode(hOutput, dwMode)) // Some editions of Windows have 'VirtualTerminalLevel' disabled by default.
+		{
+			// If 'VirtualTerminalLevel' can't be set, just disable ANSI color, since it wouldnt work anyway.
+			spdlog::warn("could not set VirtualTerminalLevel. Disabling color output");
+			g_bSpdLog_UseAnsiColor = false;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void RegisterLogger(std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> logger)
+{
+	loggers.push_back(logger);
+}
+
+void RegisterCustomSink(std::shared_ptr<CustomSink> sink)
+{
+	for (auto& logger : loggers)
+	{
+		logger->custom_sinks_.push_back(sink);
+	}
+};
+
+void InitialiseLogging()
+{
+	// create a logger, and set it to default
+	NS::log::NORTHSTAR = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("NORTHSTAR", NS::Colors::NORTHSTAR, true);
+	NS::log::NORTHSTAR->sinks().clear();
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::NORTHSTAR);
+	spdlog::set_default_logger(NS::log::NORTHSTAR);
+
+	// create our console sink
+	auto sink = std::make_shared<ExternalConsoleSink>();
+	// set the pattern
+	if (g_bSpdLog_UseAnsiColor)
+		// dont put the log level in the pattern if we are using colours, as the colour will show the log level
+		sink->set_pattern("[%H:%M:%S] [NAME] [LVL] %v");
+	else
+		sink->set_pattern("[%H:%M:%S] [%n] [%l] %v");
+
+	// add our sink to the logger
+	NS::log::NORTHSTAR->custom_sinks_.push_back(sink);
+
+	NS::log::SCRIPT_UI = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("SCRIPT UI", NS::Colors::SCRIPT_UI);
+	NS::log::SCRIPT_CL = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("SCRIPT CL", NS::Colors::SCRIPT_CL);
+	NS::log::SCRIPT_SV = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("SCRIPT SV", NS::Colors::SCRIPT_SV);
+
+	NS::log::NATIVE_UI = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("NATIVE UI", NS::Colors::NATIVE_UI);
+	NS::log::NATIVE_CL = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("NATIVE CL", NS::Colors::NATIVE_CL);
+	NS::log::NATIVE_SV = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("NATIVE SV", NS::Colors::NATIVE_SV);
+	NS::log::NATIVE_EN = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("NATIVE EN", NS::Colors::NATIVE_ENGINE);
+
+	NS::log::fs = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("FILESYSTM", NS::Colors::FILESYSTEM);
+	NS::log::rpak = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("RPAK_FSYS", NS::Colors::RPAK);
+	NS::log::echo = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("ECHO", NS::Colors::ECHO);
+
+	NS::log::PLUGINSYS = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>("PLUGINSYS", NS::Colors::PLUGINSYS);
+
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::SCRIPT_UI);
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::SCRIPT_CL);
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::SCRIPT_SV);
+
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::NATIVE_UI);
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::NATIVE_CL);
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::NATIVE_SV);
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::NATIVE_EN);
+
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::PLUGINSYS);
+
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::fs);
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::rpak);
+	loggers.push_back(NS::log::echo);
+}
+
+void NS::log::FlushLoggers()
+{
+	for (auto& logger : loggers)
+		logger->flush();
+
+	spdlog::default_logger()->flush();
+}
+
+// Wine specific functions
+typedef const char*(CDECL* wine_get_host_version_type)(const char**, const char**);
+wine_get_host_version_type wine_get_host_version;
+
+typedef const char*(CDECL* wine_get_build_id_type)(void);
+wine_get_build_id_type wine_get_build_id;
+
+// Not exported Winapi methods
+typedef NTSTATUS(WINAPI* RtlGetVersion_type)(PRTL_OSVERSIONINFOW);
+RtlGetVersion_type RtlGetVersion;
+
+void StartupLog()
+{
+	spdlog::info("NorthstarLauncher version: {}", version);
+	spdlog::info("Command line: {}", GetCommandLineA());
+	spdlog::info("Using profile: {}", GetNorthstarPrefix());
+
+	HMODULE ntdll = GetModuleHandleA("ntdll.dll");
+	if (!ntdll)
+	{
+		// How did we get here
+		spdlog::info("Operating System: Unknown");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	wine_get_host_version = (wine_get_host_version_type)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "wine_get_host_version");
+	if (wine_get_host_version)
+	{
+		// Load the rest of the functions we need
+		wine_get_build_id = (wine_get_build_id_type)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "wine_get_build_id");
+
+		const char* sysname;
+		wine_get_host_version(&sysname, NULL);
+
+		spdlog::info("Operating System: {} (Wine)", sysname);
+		spdlog::info("Wine build: {}", wine_get_build_id());
+
+		// STEAM_COMPAT_TOOL_PATHS is a colon separated lists of all compat tool paths used
+		// The first one tends to be the Proton path itself
+		// We extract the basename out of it to get the name used
+		char* compatToolPtr = std::getenv("STEAM_COMPAT_TOOL_PATHS");
+		if (compatToolPtr)
+		{
+			std::string_view compatToolPath(compatToolPtr);
+
+			auto protonBasenameEnd = compatToolPath.find(":");
+			if (protonBasenameEnd == std::string_view::npos)
+				protonBasenameEnd = 0;
+			auto protonBasenameStart = compatToolPath.rfind("/", protonBasenameEnd) + 1;
+			if (protonBasenameStart == std::string_view::npos)
+				protonBasenameStart = 0;
+
+			spdlog::info("Proton build: {}", compatToolPath.substr(protonBasenameStart, protonBasenameEnd - protonBasenameStart));
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		// We are real Windows (hopefully)
+		const char* win_ver = "Unknown";
+
+		RTL_OSVERSIONINFOW osvi;
+		osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(osvi);
+
+		RtlGetVersion = (RtlGetVersion_type)GetProcAddress(ntdll, "RtlGetVersion");
+		if (RtlGetVersion && !RtlGetVersion(&osvi))
+		{
+			// Version reference table
+			// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winnt/ns-winnt-osversioninfoa#remarks
+			spdlog::info("Operating System: Windows (NT{}.{})", osvi.dwMajorVersion, osvi.dwMinorVersion);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			spdlog::info("Operating System: Windows");
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/primedev/logging/logging.h b/primedev/logging/logging.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5056af27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/logging/logging.h
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h"
+#include "spdlog/logger.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "core/math/color.h"
+
+void CreateLogFiles();
+void InitialiseLogging();
+void InitialiseConsole();
+void StartupLog();
+
+class ColoredLogger;
+
+struct custom_log_msg : spdlog::details::log_msg
+{
+public:
+	custom_log_msg(ColoredLogger* origin, spdlog::details::log_msg msg) : origin(origin), spdlog::details::log_msg(msg) {}
+
+	ColoredLogger* origin;
+};
+
+class CustomSink : public spdlog::sinks::base_sink<std::mutex>
+{
+public:
+	void custom_log(const custom_log_msg& msg);
+	virtual void custom_sink_it_(const custom_log_msg& msg)
+	{
+		throw std::runtime_error("Pure virtual call to CustomSink::custom_sink_it_");
+	}
+};
+
+class ColoredLogger : public spdlog::logger
+{
+public:
+	std::string ANSIColor;
+	SourceColor SRCColor;
+
+	std::vector<std::shared_ptr<CustomSink>> custom_sinks_;
+
+	ColoredLogger(std::string name, Color color, bool first = false) : spdlog::logger(*spdlog::default_logger())
+	{
+		name_ = std::move(name);
+		if (!first)
+		{
+			custom_sinks_ = dynamic_pointer_cast<ColoredLogger>(spdlog::default_logger())->custom_sinks_;
+		}
+
+		ANSIColor = color.ToANSIColor();
+		SRCColor = color.ToSourceColor();
+	}
+
+	void sink_it_(const spdlog::details::log_msg& msg)
+	{
+		custom_log_msg custom_msg {this, msg};
+
+		// Ugh
+		for (auto& sink : sinks_)
+		{
+			SPDLOG_TRY
+			{
+				sink->log(custom_msg);
+			}
+			SPDLOG_LOGGER_CATCH()
+		}
+
+		for (auto& sink : custom_sinks_)
+		{
+			SPDLOG_TRY
+			{
+				sink->custom_log(custom_msg);
+			}
+			SPDLOG_LOGGER_CATCH()
+		}
+
+		if (should_flush_(custom_msg))
+		{
+			flush_();
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+namespace NS::log
+{
+	// Squirrel
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> SCRIPT_UI;
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> SCRIPT_CL;
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> SCRIPT_SV;
+
+	// Native code
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> NATIVE_UI;
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> NATIVE_CL;
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> NATIVE_SV;
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> NATIVE_EN;
+
+	// File system
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> fs;
+	// RPak
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> rpak;
+	// Echo
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> echo;
+
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> NORTHSTAR;
+
+	extern std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> PLUGINSYS;
+
+	void FlushLoggers();
+}; // namespace NS::log
+
+void RegisterCustomSink(std::shared_ptr<CustomSink> sink);
+void RegisterLogger(std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> logger);
+
+inline bool g_bSpdLog_UseAnsiColor = true;
+
+// Could maybe use some different names here, idk
+static const char* level_names[] {"trac", "dbug", "info", "warn", "errr", "crit", "off"};
+
+// spdlog logger, for cool colour things
+class ExternalConsoleSink : public CustomSink
+{
+private:
+	std::map<spdlog::level::level_enum, std::string> m_LogColours = {
+		{spdlog::level::trace, NS::Colors::TRACE.ToANSIColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::debug, NS::Colors::DEBUG.ToANSIColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::info, NS::Colors::INFO.ToANSIColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::warn, NS::Colors::WARN.ToANSIColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::err, NS::Colors::ERR.ToANSIColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::critical, NS::Colors::CRIT.ToANSIColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::off, NS::Colors::OFF.ToANSIColor()}};
+
+	std::string default_color = "\033[39;49m";
+
+protected:
+	void sink_it_(const spdlog::details::log_msg& msg) override;
+	void custom_sink_it_(const custom_log_msg& msg);
+	void flush_() override;
+};
diff --git a/primedev/logging/loghooks.cpp b/primedev/logging/loghooks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7efb5b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/logging/loghooks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "loghooks.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "core/math/bitbuf.h"
+#include "config/profile.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+ConVar* Cvar_spewlog_enable;
+ConVar* Cvar_cl_showtextmsg;
+
+enum class TextMsgPrintType_t
+{
+	HUD_PRINTNOTIFY = 1,
+	HUD_PRINTCONSOLE,
+	HUD_PRINTTALK,
+	HUD_PRINTCENTER
+};
+
+class ICenterPrint
+{
+public:
+	virtual void ctor() = 0;
+	virtual void Clear(void) = 0;
+	virtual void ColorPrint(int r, int g, int b, int a, wchar_t* text) = 0;
+	virtual void ColorPrint(int r, int g, int b, int a, char* text) = 0;
+	virtual void Print(wchar_t* text) = 0;
+	virtual void Print(char* text) = 0;
+	virtual void SetTextColor(int r, int g, int b, int a) = 0;
+};
+
+enum class SpewType_t
+{
+	SPEW_MESSAGE = 0,
+
+	SPEW_WARNING,
+	SPEW_ASSERT,
+	SPEW_ERROR,
+	SPEW_LOG,
+
+	SPEW_TYPE_COUNT
+};
+
+const std::unordered_map<SpewType_t, const char*> PrintSpewTypes = {
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_MESSAGE, "SPEW_MESSAGE"},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_WARNING, "SPEW_WARNING"},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_ASSERT, "SPEW_ASSERT"},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_ERROR, "SPEW_ERROR"},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_LOG, "SPEW_LOG"}};
+
+// these are used to define the base text colour for these things
+const std::unordered_map<SpewType_t, spdlog::level::level_enum> PrintSpewLevels = {
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_MESSAGE, spdlog::level::level_enum::info},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_WARNING, spdlog::level::level_enum::warn},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_ASSERT, spdlog::level::level_enum::err},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_ERROR, spdlog::level::level_enum::err},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_LOG, spdlog::level::level_enum::info}};
+
+const std::unordered_map<SpewType_t, const char> PrintSpewTypes_Short = {
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_MESSAGE, 'M'},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_WARNING, 'W'},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_ASSERT, 'A'},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_ERROR, 'E'},
+	{SpewType_t::SPEW_LOG, 'L'}};
+
+ICenterPrint* pInternalCenterPrint = NULL;
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(TextMsg, client.dll + 0x198710,
+void,, (BFRead* msg))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	TextMsgPrintType_t msg_dest = (TextMsgPrintType_t)msg->ReadByte();
+
+	char text[256];
+	msg->ReadString(text, sizeof(text));
+
+	if (!Cvar_cl_showtextmsg->GetBool())
+		return;
+
+	switch (msg_dest)
+	{
+	case TextMsgPrintType_t::HUD_PRINTCENTER:
+		pInternalCenterPrint->Print(text);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		spdlog::warn("Unimplemented TextMsg type {}! printing to console", msg_dest);
+		[[fallthrough]];
+
+	case TextMsgPrintType_t::HUD_PRINTCONSOLE:
+		auto endpos = strlen(text);
+		if (text[endpos - 1] == '\n')
+			text[endpos - 1] = '\0'; // cut off repeated newline
+
+		spdlog::info(text);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(Hook_fprintf, engine.dll + 0x51B1F0,
+int,, (void* const stream, const char* const format, ...))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	va_list va;
+	va_start(va, format);
+
+	SQChar buf[1024];
+	int charsWritten = vsnprintf_s(buf, _TRUNCATE, format, va);
+
+	if (charsWritten > 0)
+	{
+		if (buf[charsWritten - 1] == '\n')
+			buf[charsWritten - 1] = '\0';
+		NS::log::NATIVE_EN->info("{}", buf);
+	}
+
+	va_end(va);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(ConCommand_echo, engine.dll + 0x123680,
+void,, (const CCommand& arg))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (arg.ArgC() >= 2)
+		NS::log::echo->info("{}", arg.ArgS());
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(EngineSpewFunc, engine.dll + 0x11CA80,
+void, __fastcall, (void* pEngineServer, SpewType_t type, const char* format, va_list args))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (!Cvar_spewlog_enable->GetBool())
+		return;
+
+	const char* typeStr = PrintSpewTypes.at(type);
+	char formatted[2048] = {0};
+	bool bShouldFormat = true;
+
+	// because titanfall 2 is quite possibly the worst thing to yet exist, it sometimes gives invalid specifiers which will crash
+	// ttf2sdk had a way to prevent them from crashing but it doesnt work in debug builds
+	// so we use this instead
+	for (int i = 0; format[i]; i++)
+	{
+		if (format[i] == '%')
+		{
+			switch (format[i + 1])
+			{
+			// this is fucking awful lol
+			case 'd':
+			case 'i':
+			case 'u':
+			case 'x':
+			case 'X':
+			case 'f':
+			case 'F':
+			case 'g':
+			case 'G':
+			case 'a':
+			case 'A':
+			case 'c':
+			case 's':
+			case 'p':
+			case 'n':
+			case '%':
+			case '-':
+			case '+':
+			case ' ':
+			case '#':
+			case '*':
+			case '0':
+			case '1':
+			case '2':
+			case '3':
+			case '4':
+			case '5':
+			case '6':
+			case '7':
+			case '8':
+			case '9':
+				break;
+
+			default:
+			{
+				bShouldFormat = false;
+				break;
+			}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (bShouldFormat)
+		vsnprintf(formatted, sizeof(formatted), format, args);
+	else
+		spdlog::warn("Failed to format {} \"{}\"", typeStr, format);
+
+	auto endpos = strlen(formatted);
+	if (formatted[endpos - 1] == '\n')
+		formatted[endpos - 1] = '\0'; // cut off repeated newline
+
+	NS::log::NATIVE_SV->log(PrintSpewLevels.at(type), "{}", formatted);
+}
+
+// used for printing the output of status
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(Status_ConMsg, engine.dll + 0x15ABD0,
+void,, (const char* text, ...))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	char formatted[2048];
+	va_list list;
+
+	va_start(list, text);
+	vsprintf_s(formatted, text, list);
+	va_end(list);
+
+	auto endpos = strlen(formatted);
+	if (formatted[endpos - 1] == '\n')
+		formatted[endpos - 1] = '\0'; // cut off repeated newline
+
+	spdlog::info(formatted);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CClientState_ProcessPrint, engine.dll + 0x1A1530, 
+bool,, (void* thisptr, uintptr_t msg))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	char* text = *(char**)(msg + 0x20);
+
+	auto endpos = strlen(text);
+	if (text[endpos - 1] == '\n')
+		text[endpos - 1] = '\0'; // cut off repeated newline
+
+	spdlog::info(text);
+	return true;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", EngineSpewFuncHooks, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(engine.dll)
+
+	Cvar_spewlog_enable = new ConVar("spewlog_enable", "0", FCVAR_NONE, "Enables/disables whether the engine spewfunc should be logged");
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT_RELIESON("client.dll", ClientPrintHooks, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(client.dll)
+
+	Cvar_cl_showtextmsg = new ConVar("cl_showtextmsg", "1", FCVAR_NONE, "Enable/disable text messages printing on the screen.");
+	pInternalCenterPrint = module.Offset(0x216E940).RCast<ICenterPrint*>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/logging/loghooks.h b/primedev/logging/loghooks.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f70f09b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/logging/loghooks.h
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+#pragma once
diff --git a/primedev/logging/sourceconsole.cpp b/primedev/logging/sourceconsole.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e436d1d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/logging/sourceconsole.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "sourceconsole.h"
+#include "core/sourceinterface.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "util/printcommands.h"
+
+SourceInterface<CGameConsole>* g_pSourceGameConsole;
+
+void ConCommand_toggleconsole(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	if ((*g_pSourceGameConsole)->IsConsoleVisible())
+		(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->Hide();
+	else
+		(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->Activate();
+}
+
+void ConCommand_showconsole(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->Activate();
+}
+
+void ConCommand_hideconsole(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->Hide();
+}
+
+void SourceConsoleSink::custom_sink_it_(const custom_log_msg& msg)
+{
+	if (!(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->m_bInitialized)
+		return;
+
+	spdlog::memory_buf_t formatted;
+	spdlog::sinks::base_sink<std::mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+
+	// get message string
+	std::string str = fmt::to_string(formatted);
+
+	SourceColor levelColor = m_LogColours[msg.level];
+	std::string name {msg.logger_name.begin(), msg.logger_name.end()};
+
+	(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->m_pConsole->m_pConsolePanel->ColorPrint(msg.origin->SRCColor, ("[" + name + "]").c_str());
+	(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->m_pConsole->m_pConsolePanel->Print(" ");
+	(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->m_pConsole->m_pConsolePanel->ColorPrint(levelColor, ("[" + std::string(level_names[msg.level]) + "]").c_str());
+	(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->m_pConsole->m_pConsolePanel->Print(" ");
+	(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->m_pConsole->m_pConsolePanel->Print(fmt::to_string(formatted).c_str());
+}
+
+void SourceConsoleSink::sink_it_(const spdlog::details::log_msg& msg)
+{
+	throw std::runtime_error("sink_it_ called on SourceConsoleSink with pure log_msg. This is an error!");
+}
+
+void SourceConsoleSink::flush_() {}
+
+// clang-format off
+HOOK(OnCommandSubmittedHook, OnCommandSubmitted, 
+void, __fastcall, (CConsoleDialog* consoleDialog, const char* pCommand))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	consoleDialog->m_pConsolePanel->Print("] ");
+	consoleDialog->m_pConsolePanel->Print(pCommand);
+	consoleDialog->m_pConsolePanel->Print("\n");
+
+	TryPrintCvarHelpForCommand(pCommand);
+
+	OnCommandSubmitted(consoleDialog, pCommand);
+}
+
+// called from sourceinterface.cpp in client createinterface hooks, on GameClientExports001
+void InitialiseConsoleOnInterfaceCreation()
+{
+	(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->Initialize();
+	// hook OnCommandSubmitted so we print inputted commands
+	OnCommandSubmittedHook.Dispatch((LPVOID)(*g_pSourceGameConsole)->m_pConsole->m_vtable->OnCommandSubmitted);
+
+	auto consoleSink = std::make_shared<SourceConsoleSink>();
+	if (g_bSpdLog_UseAnsiColor)
+		consoleSink->set_pattern("%v"); // no need to include the level in the game console, the text colour signifies it anyway
+	else
+		consoleSink->set_pattern("[%n] [%l] %v"); // no colour, so we should show the level for colourblind people
+	RegisterCustomSink(consoleSink);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT_RELIESON("client.dll", SourceConsole, ConCommand, (CModule module))
+{
+	g_pSourceGameConsole = new SourceInterface<CGameConsole>("client.dll", "GameConsole004");
+
+	RegisterConCommand("toggleconsole", ConCommand_toggleconsole, "Show/hide the console.", FCVAR_DONTRECORD);
+	RegisterConCommand("showconsole", ConCommand_showconsole, "Show the console.", FCVAR_DONTRECORD);
+	RegisterConCommand("hideconsole", ConCommand_hideconsole, "Hide the console.", FCVAR_DONTRECORD);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/logging/sourceconsole.h b/primedev/logging/sourceconsole.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..44d73843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/logging/sourceconsole.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "core/sourceinterface.h"
+#include "spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h"
+#include <map>
+
+class EditablePanel
+{
+public:
+	virtual ~EditablePanel() = 0;
+	unsigned char unknown[0x2B0];
+};
+
+class IConsoleDisplayFunc
+{
+public:
+	virtual void ColorPrint(const SourceColor& clr, const char* pMessage) = 0;
+	virtual void Print(const char* pMessage) = 0;
+	virtual void DPrint(const char* pMessage) = 0;
+};
+
+class CConsolePanel : public EditablePanel, public IConsoleDisplayFunc
+{
+};
+
+class CConsoleDialog
+{
+public:
+	struct VTable
+	{
+		void* unknown[298];
+		void (*OnCommandSubmitted)(CConsoleDialog* consoleDialog, const char* pCommand);
+	};
+
+	VTable* m_vtable;
+	unsigned char unknown[0x398];
+	CConsolePanel* m_pConsolePanel;
+};
+
+class CGameConsole
+{
+public:
+	virtual ~CGameConsole() = 0;
+
+	// activates the console, makes it visible and brings it to the foreground
+	virtual void Activate() = 0;
+
+	virtual void Initialize() = 0;
+
+	// hides the console
+	virtual void Hide() = 0;
+
+	// clears the console
+	virtual void Clear() = 0;
+
+	// return true if the console has focus
+	virtual bool IsConsoleVisible() = 0;
+
+	virtual void SetParent(int parent) = 0;
+
+	bool m_bInitialized;
+	CConsoleDialog* m_pConsole;
+};
+
+extern SourceInterface<CGameConsole>* g_pSourceGameConsole;
+
+// spdlog logger
+class SourceConsoleSink : public CustomSink
+{
+private:
+	std::map<spdlog::level::level_enum, SourceColor> m_LogColours = {
+		{spdlog::level::trace, NS::Colors::TRACE.ToSourceColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::debug, NS::Colors::DEBUG.ToSourceColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::info, NS::Colors::INFO.ToSourceColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::warn, NS::Colors::WARN.ToSourceColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::err, NS::Colors::ERR.ToSourceColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::critical, NS::Colors::CRIT.ToSourceColor()},
+		{spdlog::level::off, NS::Colors::OFF.ToSourceColor()}};
+
+protected:
+	void custom_sink_it_(const custom_log_msg& msg);
+	void sink_it_(const spdlog::details::log_msg& msg) override;
+	void flush_() override;
+};
+
+void InitialiseConsoleOnInterfaceCreation();
diff --git a/primedev/masterserver/masterserver.cpp b/primedev/masterserver/masterserver.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa248464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/masterserver/masterserver.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1459 @@
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "shared/playlist.h"
+#include "server/auth/serverauthentication.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "core/vanilla.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "shared/misccommands.h"
+#include "util/version.h"
+#include "server/auth/bansystem.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+
+#include "rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "rapidjson/stringbuffer.h"
+#include "rapidjson/writer.h"
+#include "rapidjson/error/en.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <regex>
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+MasterServerManager* g_pMasterServerManager;
+
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname;
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_curl_log_enable;
+
+RemoteServerInfo::RemoteServerInfo(
+	const char* newId,
+	const char* newName,
+	const char* newDescription,
+	const char* newMap,
+	const char* newPlaylist,
+	const char* newRegion,
+	int newPlayerCount,
+	int newMaxPlayers,
+	bool newRequiresPassword)
+{
+	// passworded servers don't have public ips
+	requiresPassword = newRequiresPassword;
+
+	strncpy_s((char*)id, sizeof(id), newId, sizeof(id) - 1);
+	strncpy_s((char*)name, sizeof(name), newName, sizeof(name) - 1);
+
+	description = std::string(newDescription);
+
+	strncpy_s((char*)map, sizeof(map), newMap, sizeof(map) - 1);
+	strncpy_s((char*)playlist, sizeof(playlist), newPlaylist, sizeof(playlist) - 1);
+
+	strncpy((char*)region, newRegion, sizeof(region));
+	region[sizeof(region) - 1] = 0;
+
+	playerCount = newPlayerCount;
+	maxPlayers = newMaxPlayers;
+}
+
+void SetCommonHttpClientOptions(CURL* curl)
+{
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_IPRESOLVE, CURL_IPRESOLVE_V4);
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, Cvar_ns_curl_log_enable->GetBool());
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, &NSUserAgent);
+	// Timeout since the MS has fucky async functions without await, making curl hang due to a successful connection but no response for ~90
+	// seconds.
+	curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 30L);
+	// curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_STDERR, stdout);
+	if (CommandLine()->FindParm("-msinsecure")) // TODO: this check doesn't seem to work
+	{
+		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0L);
+		curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 0L);
+	}
+}
+
+void MasterServerManager::ClearServerList()
+{
+	// this doesn't really do anything lol, probably isn't threadsafe
+	m_bRequestingServerList = true;
+
+	m_vRemoteServers.clear();
+
+	m_bRequestingServerList = false;
+}
+
+size_t CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback(char* contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void* userp)
+{
+	((std::string*)userp)->append((char*)contents, size * nmemb);
+	return size * nmemb;
+}
+
+void MasterServerManager::AuthenticateOriginWithMasterServer(const char* uid, const char* originToken)
+{
+	if (m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerInProgress || g_pVanillaCompatibility->GetVanillaCompatibility())
+		return;
+
+	// do this here so it's instantly set
+	m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerInProgress = true;
+	std::string uidStr(uid);
+	std::string tokenStr(originToken);
+
+	m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerSuccessful = false;
+	m_sOriginAuthWithMasterServerErrorCode = "";
+	m_sOriginAuthWithMasterServerErrorMessage = "";
+
+	std::thread requestThread(
+		[this, uidStr, tokenStr]()
+		{
+			spdlog::info("Trying to authenticate with northstar masterserver for user {}", uidStr);
+
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			SetCommonHttpClientOptions(curl);
+			std::string readBuffer;
+			curl_easy_setopt(
+				curl,
+				CURLOPT_URL,
+				fmt::format("{}/client/origin_auth?id={}&token={}", Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString(), uidStr, tokenStr).c_str());
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "GET");
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &readBuffer);
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+
+			if (result == CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+			{
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = true;
+
+				rapidjson_document originAuthInfo;
+				originAuthInfo.Parse(readBuffer.c_str());
+
+				if (originAuthInfo.HasParseError())
+				{
+					spdlog::error(
+						"Failed reading origin auth info response: encountered parse error \"{}\"",
+						rapidjson::GetParseError_En(originAuthInfo.GetParseError()));
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (!originAuthInfo.IsObject() || !originAuthInfo.HasMember("success"))
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading origin auth info response: malformed response object {}", readBuffer);
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (originAuthInfo["success"].IsTrue() && originAuthInfo.HasMember("token") && originAuthInfo["token"].IsString())
+				{
+					strncpy_s(
+						m_sOwnClientAuthToken,
+						sizeof(m_sOwnClientAuthToken),
+						originAuthInfo["token"].GetString(),
+						sizeof(m_sOwnClientAuthToken) - 1);
+					spdlog::info("Northstar origin authentication completed successfully!");
+					m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerSuccessful = true;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Northstar origin authentication failed");
+
+					if (originAuthInfo.HasMember("error") && originAuthInfo["error"].IsObject())
+					{
+
+						if (originAuthInfo["error"].HasMember("enum") && originAuthInfo["error"]["enum"].IsString())
+						{
+							m_sOriginAuthWithMasterServerErrorCode = originAuthInfo["error"]["enum"].GetString();
+						}
+
+						if (originAuthInfo["error"].HasMember("msg") && originAuthInfo["error"]["msg"].IsString())
+						{
+							m_sOriginAuthWithMasterServerErrorMessage = originAuthInfo["error"]["msg"].GetString();
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Failed performing northstar origin auth: error {}", curl_easy_strerror(result));
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = false;
+			}
+
+			// we goto this instead of returning so we always hit this
+		REQUEST_END_CLEANUP:
+			m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerInProgress = false;
+			m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerDone = true;
+			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+		});
+
+	requestThread.detach();
+}
+
+void MasterServerManager::RequestServerList()
+{
+	// do this here so it's instantly set on call for scripts
+	m_bScriptRequestingServerList = true;
+
+	std::thread requestThread(
+		[this]()
+		{
+			// make sure we never have 2 threads writing at once
+			// i sure do hope this is actually threadsafe
+			while (m_bRequestingServerList)
+				Sleep(100);
+
+			m_bRequestingServerList = true;
+			m_bScriptRequestingServerList = true;
+
+			spdlog::info("Requesting server list from {}", Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString());
+
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			SetCommonHttpClientOptions(curl);
+
+			std::string readBuffer;
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, fmt::format("{}/client/servers", Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString()).c_str());
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "GET");
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &readBuffer);
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+
+			if (result == CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+			{
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = true;
+
+				rapidjson_document serverInfoJson;
+				serverInfoJson.Parse(readBuffer.c_str());
+
+				if (serverInfoJson.HasParseError())
+				{
+					spdlog::error(
+						"Failed reading masterserver response: encountered parse error \"{}\"",
+						rapidjson::GetParseError_En(serverInfoJson.GetParseError()));
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (serverInfoJson.IsObject() && serverInfoJson.HasMember("error"))
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: got fastify error response");
+					spdlog::error(readBuffer);
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (!serverInfoJson.IsArray())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: root object is not an array");
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				rapidjson::GenericArray<false, rapidjson_document::GenericValue> serverArray = serverInfoJson.GetArray();
+
+				spdlog::info("Got {} servers", serverArray.Size());
+
+				for (auto& serverObj : serverArray)
+				{
+					if (!serverObj.IsObject())
+					{
+						spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: member of server array is not an object");
+						goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+					}
+
+					// todo: verify json props are fine before adding to m_remoteServers
+					if (!serverObj.HasMember("id") || !serverObj["id"].IsString() || !serverObj.HasMember("name") ||
+						!serverObj["name"].IsString() || !serverObj.HasMember("description") || !serverObj["description"].IsString() ||
+						!serverObj.HasMember("map") || !serverObj["map"].IsString() || !serverObj.HasMember("playlist") ||
+						!serverObj["playlist"].IsString() || !serverObj.HasMember("playerCount") || !serverObj["playerCount"].IsNumber() ||
+						!serverObj.HasMember("maxPlayers") || !serverObj["maxPlayers"].IsNumber() || !serverObj.HasMember("hasPassword") ||
+						!serverObj["hasPassword"].IsBool() || !serverObj.HasMember("modInfo") || !serverObj["modInfo"].HasMember("Mods") ||
+						!serverObj["modInfo"]["Mods"].IsArray())
+					{
+						spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: malformed server object");
+						continue;
+					};
+
+					const char* id = serverObj["id"].GetString();
+
+					RemoteServerInfo* newServer = nullptr;
+
+					bool createNewServerInfo = true;
+					for (RemoteServerInfo& server : m_vRemoteServers)
+					{
+						// if server already exists, update info rather than adding to it
+						if (!strncmp((const char*)server.id, id, 32))
+						{
+							server = RemoteServerInfo(
+								id,
+								serverObj["name"].GetString(),
+								serverObj["description"].GetString(),
+								serverObj["map"].GetString(),
+								serverObj["playlist"].GetString(),
+								(serverObj.HasMember("region") && serverObj["region"].IsString()) ? serverObj["region"].GetString() : "",
+								serverObj["playerCount"].GetInt(),
+								serverObj["maxPlayers"].GetInt(),
+								serverObj["hasPassword"].IsTrue());
+							newServer = &server;
+							createNewServerInfo = false;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+
+					// server didn't exist
+					if (createNewServerInfo)
+						newServer = &m_vRemoteServers.emplace_back(
+							id,
+							serverObj["name"].GetString(),
+							serverObj["description"].GetString(),
+							serverObj["map"].GetString(),
+							serverObj["playlist"].GetString(),
+							(serverObj.HasMember("region") && serverObj["region"].IsString()) ? serverObj["region"].GetString() : "",
+							serverObj["playerCount"].GetInt(),
+							serverObj["maxPlayers"].GetInt(),
+							serverObj["hasPassword"].IsTrue());
+
+					newServer->requiredMods.clear();
+					for (auto& requiredMod : serverObj["modInfo"]["Mods"].GetArray())
+					{
+						RemoteModInfo modInfo;
+
+						if (!requiredMod.HasMember("RequiredOnClient") || !requiredMod["RequiredOnClient"].IsTrue())
+							continue;
+
+						if (!requiredMod.HasMember("Name") || !requiredMod["Name"].IsString())
+							continue;
+						modInfo.Name = requiredMod["Name"].GetString();
+
+						if (!requiredMod.HasMember("Version") || !requiredMod["Version"].IsString())
+							continue;
+						modInfo.Version = requiredMod["Version"].GetString();
+
+						newServer->requiredMods.push_back(modInfo);
+					}
+					// Can probably re-enable this later with a -verbose flag, but slows down loading of the server browser quite a bit as
+					// is
+					// spdlog::info(
+					//	"Server {} on map {} with playlist {} has {}/{} players", serverObj["name"].GetString(),
+					//	serverObj["map"].GetString(), serverObj["playlist"].GetString(), serverObj["playerCount"].GetInt(),
+					//	serverObj["maxPlayers"].GetInt());
+				}
+
+				std::sort(
+					m_vRemoteServers.begin(),
+					m_vRemoteServers.end(),
+					[](RemoteServerInfo& a, RemoteServerInfo& b) { return a.playerCount > b.playerCount; });
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Failed requesting servers: error {}", curl_easy_strerror(result));
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = false;
+			}
+
+			// we goto this instead of returning so we always hit this
+		REQUEST_END_CLEANUP:
+			m_bRequestingServerList = false;
+			m_bScriptRequestingServerList = false;
+			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+		});
+
+	requestThread.detach();
+}
+
+void MasterServerManager::RequestMainMenuPromos()
+{
+	m_bHasMainMenuPromoData = false;
+
+	std::thread requestThread(
+		[this]()
+		{
+			while (m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerInProgress || !m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerDone)
+				Sleep(500);
+
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			SetCommonHttpClientOptions(curl);
+
+			std::string readBuffer;
+			curl_easy_setopt(
+				curl, CURLOPT_URL, fmt::format("{}/client/mainmenupromos", Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString()).c_str());
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "GET");
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &readBuffer);
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+
+			if (result == CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+			{
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = true;
+
+				rapidjson_document mainMenuPromoJson;
+				mainMenuPromoJson.Parse(readBuffer.c_str());
+
+				if (mainMenuPromoJson.HasParseError())
+				{
+					spdlog::error(
+						"Failed reading masterserver main menu promos response: encountered parse error \"{}\"",
+						rapidjson::GetParseError_En(mainMenuPromoJson.GetParseError()));
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (!mainMenuPromoJson.IsObject())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver main menu promos response: root object is not an object");
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (mainMenuPromoJson.HasMember("error"))
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: got fastify error response");
+					spdlog::error(readBuffer);
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (!mainMenuPromoJson.HasMember("newInfo") || !mainMenuPromoJson["newInfo"].IsObject() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["newInfo"].HasMember("Title1") || !mainMenuPromoJson["newInfo"]["Title1"].IsString() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["newInfo"].HasMember("Title2") || !mainMenuPromoJson["newInfo"]["Title2"].IsString() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["newInfo"].HasMember("Title3") || !mainMenuPromoJson["newInfo"]["Title3"].IsString() ||
+
+					!mainMenuPromoJson.HasMember("largeButton") || !mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"].IsObject() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"].HasMember("Title") || !mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"]["Title"].IsString() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"].HasMember("Text") || !mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"]["Text"].IsString() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"].HasMember("Url") || !mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"]["Url"].IsString() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"].HasMember("ImageIndex") ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"]["ImageIndex"].IsNumber() ||
+
+					!mainMenuPromoJson.HasMember("smallButton1") || !mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton1"].IsObject() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton1"].HasMember("Title") || !mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton1"]["Title"].IsString() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton1"].HasMember("Url") || !mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton1"]["Url"].IsString() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton1"].HasMember("ImageIndex") ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton1"]["ImageIndex"].IsNumber() ||
+
+					!mainMenuPromoJson.HasMember("smallButton2") || !mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton2"].IsObject() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton2"].HasMember("Title") || !mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton2"]["Title"].IsString() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton2"].HasMember("Url") || !mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton2"]["Url"].IsString() ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton2"].HasMember("ImageIndex") ||
+					!mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton2"]["ImageIndex"].IsNumber())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver main menu promos response: malformed json object");
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.newInfoTitle1 = mainMenuPromoJson["newInfo"]["Title1"].GetString();
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.newInfoTitle2 = mainMenuPromoJson["newInfo"]["Title2"].GetString();
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.newInfoTitle3 = mainMenuPromoJson["newInfo"]["Title3"].GetString();
+
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.largeButtonTitle = mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"]["Title"].GetString();
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.largeButtonText = mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"]["Text"].GetString();
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.largeButtonUrl = mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"]["Url"].GetString();
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.largeButtonImageIndex = mainMenuPromoJson["largeButton"]["ImageIndex"].GetInt();
+
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton1Title = mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton1"]["Title"].GetString();
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton1Url = mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton1"]["Url"].GetString();
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton1ImageIndex = mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton1"]["ImageIndex"].GetInt();
+
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton2Title = mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton2"]["Title"].GetString();
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton2Url = mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton2"]["Url"].GetString();
+				m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton2ImageIndex = mainMenuPromoJson["smallButton2"]["ImageIndex"].GetInt();
+
+				m_bHasMainMenuPromoData = true;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Failed requesting main menu promos: error {}", curl_easy_strerror(result));
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = false;
+			}
+
+		REQUEST_END_CLEANUP:
+			// nothing lol
+			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+		});
+
+	requestThread.detach();
+}
+
+void MasterServerManager::AuthenticateWithOwnServer(const char* uid, const char* playerToken)
+{
+	// dont wait, just stop if we're trying to do 2 auth requests at once
+	if (m_bAuthenticatingWithGameServer || g_pVanillaCompatibility->GetVanillaCompatibility())
+		return;
+
+	m_bAuthenticatingWithGameServer = true;
+	m_bScriptAuthenticatingWithGameServer = true;
+	m_bSuccessfullyAuthenticatedWithGameServer = false;
+	m_sAuthFailureReason = "Authentication Failed";
+
+	std::string uidStr(uid);
+	std::string tokenStr(playerToken);
+
+	std::thread requestThread(
+		[this, uidStr, tokenStr]()
+		{
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			SetCommonHttpClientOptions(curl);
+
+			std::string readBuffer;
+			curl_easy_setopt(
+				curl,
+				CURLOPT_URL,
+				fmt::format("{}/client/auth_with_self?id={}&playerToken={}", Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString(), uidStr, tokenStr)
+					.c_str());
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "POST");
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &readBuffer);
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+
+			if (result == CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+			{
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = true;
+
+				rapidjson_document authInfoJson;
+				authInfoJson.Parse(readBuffer.c_str());
+
+				if (authInfoJson.HasParseError())
+				{
+					spdlog::error(
+						"Failed reading masterserver authentication response: encountered parse error \"{}\"",
+						rapidjson::GetParseError_En(authInfoJson.GetParseError()));
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (!authInfoJson.IsObject())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver authentication response: root object is not an object");
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (authInfoJson.HasMember("error"))
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: got fastify error response");
+					spdlog::error(readBuffer);
+
+					if (authInfoJson["error"].HasMember("msg"))
+						m_sAuthFailureReason = authInfoJson["error"]["msg"].GetString();
+					else if (authInfoJson["error"].HasMember("enum"))
+						m_sAuthFailureReason = authInfoJson["error"]["enum"].GetString();
+					else
+						m_sAuthFailureReason = "No error message provided";
+
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (!authInfoJson["success"].IsTrue())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Authentication with masterserver failed: \"success\" is not true");
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (!authInfoJson.HasMember("success") || !authInfoJson.HasMember("id") || !authInfoJson["id"].IsString() ||
+					!authInfoJson.HasMember("authToken") || !authInfoJson["authToken"].IsString() ||
+					!authInfoJson.HasMember("persistentData") || !authInfoJson["persistentData"].IsArray())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver authentication response: malformed json object");
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				RemoteAuthData newAuthData {};
+				strncpy_s(newAuthData.uid, sizeof(newAuthData.uid), authInfoJson["id"].GetString(), sizeof(newAuthData.uid) - 1);
+
+				newAuthData.pdataSize = authInfoJson["persistentData"].GetArray().Size();
+				newAuthData.pdata = new char[newAuthData.pdataSize];
+				// memcpy(newAuthData.pdata, authInfoJson["persistentData"].GetString(), newAuthData.pdataSize);
+
+				int i = 0;
+				// note: persistentData is a uint8array because i had problems getting strings to behave, it sucks but it's just how it be
+				// unfortunately potentially refactor later
+				for (auto& byte : authInfoJson["persistentData"].GetArray())
+				{
+					if (!byte.IsUint() || byte.GetUint() > 255)
+					{
+						spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver authentication response: malformed json object");
+						goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+					}
+
+					newAuthData.pdata[i++] = static_cast<char>(byte.GetUint());
+				}
+
+				std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(g_pServerAuthentication->m_AuthDataMutex);
+				g_pServerAuthentication->m_RemoteAuthenticationData.clear();
+				g_pServerAuthentication->m_RemoteAuthenticationData.insert(
+					std::make_pair(authInfoJson["authToken"].GetString(), newAuthData));
+
+				m_bSuccessfullyAuthenticatedWithGameServer = true;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Failed authenticating with own server: error {}", curl_easy_strerror(result));
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = false;
+				m_bSuccessfullyAuthenticatedWithGameServer = false;
+				m_bScriptAuthenticatingWithGameServer = false;
+			}
+
+		REQUEST_END_CLEANUP:
+			m_bAuthenticatingWithGameServer = false;
+			m_bScriptAuthenticatingWithGameServer = false;
+
+			if (m_bNewgameAfterSelfAuth)
+			{
+				// pretty sure this is threadsafe?
+				Cbuf_AddText(Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer(), "ns_end_reauth_and_leave_to_lobby", cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode);
+				m_bNewgameAfterSelfAuth = false;
+			}
+
+			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+		});
+
+	requestThread.detach();
+}
+
+void MasterServerManager::AuthenticateWithServer(const char* uid, const char* playerToken, RemoteServerInfo server, const char* password)
+{
+	// dont wait, just stop if we're trying to do 2 auth requests at once
+	if (m_bAuthenticatingWithGameServer || g_pVanillaCompatibility->GetVanillaCompatibility())
+		return;
+
+	m_bAuthenticatingWithGameServer = true;
+	m_bScriptAuthenticatingWithGameServer = true;
+	m_bSuccessfullyAuthenticatedWithGameServer = false;
+	m_sAuthFailureReason = "Authentication Failed";
+
+	std::string uidStr(uid);
+	std::string tokenStr(playerToken);
+	std::string serverIdStr(server.id);
+	std::string passwordStr(password);
+
+	std::thread requestThread(
+		[this, uidStr, tokenStr, serverIdStr, passwordStr, server]()
+		{
+			// esnure that any persistence saving is done, so we know masterserver has newest
+			while (m_bSavingPersistentData)
+				Sleep(100);
+
+			spdlog::info("Attempting authentication with server of id \"{}\"", serverIdStr);
+
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			SetCommonHttpClientOptions(curl);
+
+			std::string readBuffer;
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "POST");
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &readBuffer);
+
+			{
+				char* escapedPassword = curl_easy_escape(curl, passwordStr.c_str(), passwordStr.length());
+
+				curl_easy_setopt(
+					curl,
+					CURLOPT_URL,
+					fmt::format(
+						"{}/client/auth_with_server?id={}&playerToken={}&server={}&password={}",
+						Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString(),
+						uidStr,
+						tokenStr,
+						serverIdStr,
+						escapedPassword)
+						.c_str());
+
+				curl_free(escapedPassword);
+			}
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+
+			if (result == CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+			{
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = true;
+
+				rapidjson_document connectionInfoJson;
+				connectionInfoJson.Parse(readBuffer.c_str());
+
+				if (connectionInfoJson.HasParseError())
+				{
+					spdlog::error(
+						"Failed reading masterserver authentication response: encountered parse error \"{}\"",
+						rapidjson::GetParseError_En(connectionInfoJson.GetParseError()));
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (!connectionInfoJson.IsObject())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver authentication response: root object is not an object");
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (connectionInfoJson.HasMember("error"))
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: got fastify error response");
+					spdlog::error(readBuffer);
+
+					if (connectionInfoJson["error"].HasMember("msg"))
+						m_sAuthFailureReason = connectionInfoJson["error"]["msg"].GetString();
+					else if (connectionInfoJson["error"].HasMember("enum"))
+						m_sAuthFailureReason = connectionInfoJson["error"]["enum"].GetString();
+					else
+						m_sAuthFailureReason = "No error message provided";
+
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (!connectionInfoJson["success"].IsTrue())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Authentication with masterserver failed: \"success\" is not true");
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				if (!connectionInfoJson.HasMember("success") || !connectionInfoJson.HasMember("ip") ||
+					!connectionInfoJson["ip"].IsString() || !connectionInfoJson.HasMember("port") ||
+					!connectionInfoJson["port"].IsNumber() || !connectionInfoJson.HasMember("authToken") ||
+					!connectionInfoJson["authToken"].IsString())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver authentication response: malformed json object");
+					goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				m_pendingConnectionInfo.ip.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr(connectionInfoJson["ip"].GetString());
+				m_pendingConnectionInfo.port = (unsigned short)connectionInfoJson["port"].GetUint();
+
+				strncpy_s(
+					m_pendingConnectionInfo.authToken,
+					sizeof(m_pendingConnectionInfo.authToken),
+					connectionInfoJson["authToken"].GetString(),
+					sizeof(m_pendingConnectionInfo.authToken) - 1);
+
+				m_bHasPendingConnectionInfo = true;
+				m_bSuccessfullyAuthenticatedWithGameServer = true;
+
+				m_currentServer = server;
+				m_sCurrentServerPassword = passwordStr;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Failed authenticating with server: error {}", curl_easy_strerror(result));
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = false;
+				m_bSuccessfullyAuthenticatedWithGameServer = false;
+				m_bScriptAuthenticatingWithGameServer = false;
+			}
+
+		REQUEST_END_CLEANUP:
+			m_bAuthenticatingWithGameServer = false;
+			m_bScriptAuthenticatingWithGameServer = false;
+			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+		});
+
+	requestThread.detach();
+}
+
+void MasterServerManager::WritePlayerPersistentData(const char* playerId, const char* pdata, size_t pdataSize)
+{
+	// still call this if we don't have a server id, since lobbies that aren't port forwarded need to be able to call it
+	m_bSavingPersistentData = true;
+	if (!pdataSize)
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("attempted to write pdata of size 0!");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	std::string strPlayerId(playerId);
+	std::string strPdata(pdata, pdataSize);
+
+	std::thread requestThread(
+		[this, strPlayerId, strPdata, pdataSize]
+		{
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			SetCommonHttpClientOptions(curl);
+
+			std::string readBuffer;
+			curl_easy_setopt(
+				curl,
+				CURLOPT_URL,
+				fmt::format(
+					"{}/accounts/write_persistence?id={}&serverId={}",
+					Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString(),
+					strPlayerId,
+					m_sOwnServerId)
+					.c_str());
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1L);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &readBuffer);
+
+			curl_mime* mime = curl_mime_init(curl);
+			curl_mimepart* part = curl_mime_addpart(mime);
+
+			curl_mime_data(part, strPdata.c_str(), pdataSize);
+			curl_mime_name(part, "pdata");
+			curl_mime_filename(part, "file.pdata");
+			curl_mime_type(part, "application/octet-stream");
+
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_MIMEPOST, mime);
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+
+			if (result == CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = true;
+			else
+				m_bSuccessfullyConnected = false;
+
+			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+
+			m_bSavingPersistentData = false;
+		});
+
+	requestThread.detach();
+}
+
+void MasterServerManager::ProcessConnectionlessPacketSigreq1(std::string data)
+{
+	rapidjson_document obj;
+	obj.Parse(data);
+
+	if (obj.HasParseError())
+	{
+		// note: it's okay to print the data as-is since we've already checked that it actually came from Atlas
+		spdlog::error("invalid Atlas connectionless packet request ({}): {}", data, GetParseError_En(obj.GetParseError()));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!obj.HasMember("type") || !obj["type"].IsString())
+	{
+		spdlog::error("invalid Atlas connectionless packet request ({}): missing type", data);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	std::string type = obj["type"].GetString();
+
+	if (type == "connect")
+	{
+		if (!obj.HasMember("token") || !obj["token"].IsString())
+		{
+			spdlog::error("failed to handle Atlas connect request: missing or invalid connection token field");
+			return;
+		}
+		std::string token = obj["token"].GetString();
+
+		if (!m_handledServerConnections.contains(token))
+			m_handledServerConnections.insert(token);
+		else
+			return; // already handled
+
+		spdlog::info("handling Atlas connect request {}", data);
+
+		if (!obj.HasMember("uid") || !obj["uid"].IsUint64())
+		{
+			spdlog::error("failed to handle Atlas connect request {}: missing or invalid uid field", token);
+			return;
+		}
+		uint64_t uid = obj["uid"].GetUint64();
+
+		std::string username;
+		if (obj.HasMember("username") && obj["username"].IsString())
+			username = obj["username"].GetString();
+
+		std::string reject;
+		if (!g_pBanSystem->IsUIDAllowed(uid))
+			reject = "Banned from this server.";
+
+		std::string pdata;
+		if (reject == "")
+		{
+			spdlog::info("getting pdata for connection {} (uid={} username={})", token, uid, username);
+
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			SetCommonHttpClientOptions(curl);
+
+			curl_easy_setopt(
+				curl,
+				CURLOPT_URL,
+				fmt::format("{}/server/connect?serverId={}&token={}", Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString(), m_sOwnServerId, token)
+					.c_str());
+
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &pdata);
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+			if (result != CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+			{
+				spdlog::error("failed to make Atlas connect pdata request {}: {}", token, curl_easy_strerror(result));
+				curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			long respStatus = -1;
+			curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &respStatus);
+
+			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+
+			if (respStatus != 200)
+			{
+				rapidjson_document obj;
+				obj.Parse(pdata.c_str());
+
+				if (!obj.HasParseError() && obj.HasMember("error") && obj["error"].IsObject())
+					spdlog::error(
+						"failed to make Atlas connect pdata request {}: response status {}, error: {} ({})",
+						token,
+						respStatus,
+						((obj["error"].HasMember("enum") && obj["error"]["enum"].IsString()) ? obj["error"]["enum"].GetString() : ""),
+						((obj["error"].HasMember("msg") && obj["error"]["msg"].IsString()) ? obj["error"]["msg"].GetString() : ""));
+				else
+					spdlog::error("failed to make Atlas connect pdata request {}: response status {}", token, respStatus);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if (!pdata.length())
+			{
+				spdlog::error("failed to make Atlas connect pdata request {}: pdata response is empty", token);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			if (pdata.length() > PERSISTENCE_MAX_SIZE)
+			{
+				spdlog::error(
+					"failed to make Atlas connect pdata request {}: pdata is too large (max={} len={})",
+					token,
+					PERSISTENCE_MAX_SIZE,
+					pdata.length());
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (reject == "")
+			spdlog::info("accepting connection {} (uid={} username={}) with {} bytes of pdata", token, uid, username, pdata.length());
+		else
+			spdlog::info("rejecting connection {} (uid={} username={}) with reason \"{}\"", token, uid, username, reject);
+
+		if (reject == "")
+			g_pServerAuthentication->AddRemotePlayer(token, uid, username, pdata);
+
+		{
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			SetCommonHttpClientOptions(curl);
+
+			char* rejectEnc = curl_easy_escape(curl, reject.c_str(), reject.length());
+			if (!rejectEnc)
+			{
+				spdlog::error("failed to handle Atlas connect request {}: failed to escape reject", token);
+				return;
+			}
+			curl_easy_setopt(
+				curl,
+				CURLOPT_URL,
+				fmt::format(
+					"{}/server/connect?serverId={}&token={}&reject={}",
+					Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString(),
+					m_sOwnServerId,
+					token,
+					rejectEnc)
+					.c_str());
+			curl_free(rejectEnc);
+
+			// note: we don't actually have any POST data, so we can't use CURLOPT_POST or the behavior is undefined (e.g., hangs in wine)
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "POST");
+
+			std::string buf;
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &buf);
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+			if (result != CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+			{
+				spdlog::error("failed to respond to Atlas connect request {}: {}", token, curl_easy_strerror(result));
+				curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+				return;
+			}
+
+			long respStatus = -1;
+			curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &respStatus);
+
+			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+
+			if (respStatus != 200)
+			{
+				rapidjson_document obj;
+				obj.Parse(buf.c_str());
+
+				if (!obj.HasParseError() && obj.HasMember("error") && obj["error"].IsObject())
+					spdlog::error(
+						"failed to respond to Atlas connect request {}: response status {}, error: {} ({})",
+						token,
+						respStatus,
+						((obj["error"].HasMember("enum") && obj["error"]["enum"].IsString()) ? obj["error"]["enum"].GetString() : ""),
+						((obj["error"].HasMember("msg") && obj["error"]["msg"].IsString()) ? obj["error"]["msg"].GetString() : ""));
+				else
+					spdlog::error("failed to respond to Atlas connect request {}: response status {}", token, respStatus);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return;
+	}
+
+	spdlog::error("invalid Atlas connectionless packet request: unknown type {}", type);
+}
+
+void ConCommand_ns_fetchservers(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	g_pMasterServerManager->RequestServerList();
+}
+
+MasterServerManager::MasterServerManager() : m_pendingConnectionInfo {}, m_sOwnServerId {""}, m_sOwnClientAuthToken {""} {}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", MasterServer, (ConCommand, ServerPresence), (CModule module))
+{
+	g_pMasterServerManager = new MasterServerManager;
+
+	Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname = new ConVar("ns_masterserver_hostname", "127.0.0.1", FCVAR_NONE, "");
+	Cvar_ns_curl_log_enable = new ConVar("ns_curl_log_enable", "0", FCVAR_NONE, "Whether curl should log to the console");
+
+	RegisterConCommand("ns_fetchservers", ConCommand_ns_fetchservers, "Fetch all servers from the masterserver", FCVAR_CLIENTDLL);
+
+	MasterServerPresenceReporter* presenceReporter = new MasterServerPresenceReporter;
+	g_pServerPresence->AddPresenceReporter(presenceReporter);
+}
+
+void MasterServerPresenceReporter::CreatePresence(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence)
+{
+	m_nNumRegistrationAttempts = 0;
+}
+
+void MasterServerPresenceReporter::ReportPresence(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence)
+{
+	// make a copy of presence for multithreading purposes
+	ServerPresence threadedPresence(pServerPresence);
+
+	if (!*g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId)
+	{
+		// Don't try if we've reached the max registration attempts.
+		// In the future, we should probably allow servers to re-authenticate after a while if the MS was down.
+		if (m_nNumRegistrationAttempts >= MAX_REGISTRATION_ATTEMPTS)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Make sure to wait til the cooldown is over for DUPLICATE_SERVER failures.
+		if (Plat_FloatTime() < m_fNextAddServerAttemptTime)
+		{
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// If we're not running any InternalAddServer() attempt in the background.
+		if (!addServerFuture.valid())
+		{
+			// Launch an attempt to add the local server to the master server.
+			InternalAddServer(pServerPresence);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		// If we're not running any InternalUpdateServer() attempt in the background.
+		if (!updateServerFuture.valid())
+		{
+			// Launch an attempt to update the local server on the master server.
+			InternalUpdateServer(pServerPresence);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void MasterServerPresenceReporter::DestroyPresence(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence)
+{
+	// Don't call this if we don't have a server id.
+	if (!*g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId)
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Not bothering with better thread safety in this case since DestroyPresence() is called when the game is shutting down.
+	*g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId = 0;
+
+	std::thread requestThread(
+		[this]
+		{
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			SetCommonHttpClientOptions(curl);
+
+			std::string readBuffer;
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "DELETE");
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &readBuffer);
+			curl_easy_setopt(
+				curl,
+				CURLOPT_URL,
+				fmt::format(
+					"{}/server/remove_server?id={}", Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString(), g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId)
+					.c_str());
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+		});
+
+	requestThread.detach();
+}
+
+void MasterServerPresenceReporter::RunFrame(double flCurrentTime, const ServerPresence* pServerPresence)
+{
+	// Check if we're already running an InternalAddServer() call in the background.
+	// If so, grab the result if it's ready.
+	if (addServerFuture.valid())
+	{
+		std::future_status status = addServerFuture.wait_for(0ms);
+		if (status != std::future_status::ready)
+		{
+			// Still running, no need to do anything.
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// Check the result.
+		auto resultData = addServerFuture.get();
+
+		g_pMasterServerManager->m_bSuccessfullyConnected = resultData.result != MasterServerReportPresenceResult::FailedNoConnect;
+
+		switch (resultData.result)
+		{
+		case MasterServerReportPresenceResult::Success:
+			// Copy over the server id and auth token granted by the MS.
+			strncpy_s(
+				g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId,
+				sizeof(g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId),
+				resultData.id.value().c_str(),
+				sizeof(g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId) - 1);
+			strncpy_s(
+				g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerAuthToken,
+				sizeof(g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerAuthToken),
+				resultData.serverAuthToken.value().c_str(),
+				sizeof(g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerAuthToken) - 1);
+			break;
+		case MasterServerReportPresenceResult::FailedNoRetry:
+		case MasterServerReportPresenceResult::FailedNoConnect:
+			// If we failed to connect to the master server, or failed with no retry, stop trying.
+			m_nNumRegistrationAttempts = MAX_REGISTRATION_ATTEMPTS;
+			break;
+		case MasterServerReportPresenceResult::Failed:
+			++m_nNumRegistrationAttempts;
+			break;
+		case MasterServerReportPresenceResult::FailedDuplicateServer:
+			++m_nNumRegistrationAttempts;
+			// Wait at least twenty seconds until we re-attempt to add the server.
+			m_fNextAddServerAttemptTime = Plat_FloatTime() + 20.0f;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (m_nNumRegistrationAttempts >= MAX_REGISTRATION_ATTEMPTS)
+		{
+			spdlog::log(
+				IsDedicatedServer() ? spdlog::level::level_enum::err : spdlog::level::level_enum::warn,
+				"Reached max ms server registration attempts.");
+		}
+	}
+	else if (updateServerFuture.valid())
+	{
+		// Check if the InternalUpdateServer() call completed.
+		std::future_status status = updateServerFuture.wait_for(0ms);
+		if (status != std::future_status::ready)
+		{
+			// Still running, no need to do anything.
+			return;
+		}
+
+		auto resultData = updateServerFuture.get();
+		if (resultData.result == MasterServerReportPresenceResult::Success)
+		{
+			if (resultData.id)
+			{
+				strncpy_s(
+					g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId,
+					sizeof(g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId),
+					resultData.id.value().c_str(),
+					sizeof(g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId) - 1);
+			}
+
+			if (resultData.serverAuthToken)
+			{
+				strncpy_s(
+					g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerAuthToken,
+					sizeof(g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerAuthToken),
+					resultData.serverAuthToken.value().c_str(),
+					sizeof(g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerAuthToken) - 1);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void MasterServerPresenceReporter::InternalAddServer(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence)
+{
+	const ServerPresence threadedPresence(pServerPresence);
+	// Never call this with an ongoing InternalAddServer() call.
+	assert(!addServerFuture.valid());
+
+	g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId[0] = 0;
+	g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerAuthToken[0] = 0;
+
+	std::string modInfo = g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnModInfoJson;
+	std::string hostname = Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString();
+
+	spdlog::info("Attempting to register the local server to the master server.");
+
+	addServerFuture = std::async(
+		std::launch::async,
+		[threadedPresence, modInfo, hostname, pServerPresence]
+		{
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			SetCommonHttpClientOptions(curl);
+
+			std::string readBuffer;
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1L);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &readBuffer);
+
+			curl_mime* mime = curl_mime_init(curl);
+			curl_mimepart* part = curl_mime_addpart(mime);
+
+			// Lambda to quickly cleanup resources and return a value.
+			auto ReturnCleanup =
+				[curl, mime](MasterServerReportPresenceResult result, const char* id = "", const char* serverAuthToken = "")
+			{
+				curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+				curl_mime_free(mime);
+
+				MasterServerPresenceReporter::ReportPresenceResultData data;
+				data.result = result;
+				data.id = id;
+				data.serverAuthToken = serverAuthToken;
+
+				return data;
+			};
+
+			// don't log errors if we wouldn't actually show up in the server list anyway (stop tickets)
+			// except for dedis, for which this error logging is actually pretty important
+			bool shouldLogError = IsDedicatedServer() || (!strstr(pServerPresence->m_MapName, "mp_lobby") &&
+														  strstr(pServerPresence->m_PlaylistName, "private_match"));
+
+			curl_mime_data(part, modInfo.c_str(), modInfo.size());
+			curl_mime_name(part, "modinfo");
+			curl_mime_filename(part, "modinfo.json");
+			curl_mime_type(part, "application/json");
+
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_MIMEPOST, mime);
+
+			// format every paramter because computers hate me
+			{
+				char* nameEscaped = curl_easy_escape(curl, threadedPresence.m_sServerName.c_str(), 0);
+				char* descEscaped = curl_easy_escape(curl, threadedPresence.m_sServerDesc.c_str(), 0);
+				char* mapEscaped = curl_easy_escape(curl, threadedPresence.m_MapName, 0);
+				char* playlistEscaped = curl_easy_escape(curl, threadedPresence.m_PlaylistName, 0);
+				char* passwordEscaped = curl_easy_escape(curl, threadedPresence.m_Password, 0);
+
+				curl_easy_setopt(
+					curl,
+					CURLOPT_URL,
+					fmt::format(
+						"{}/server/"
+						"add_server?port={}&authPort=udp&name={}&description={}&map={}&playlist={}&maxPlayers={}&password={}",
+						hostname.c_str(),
+						threadedPresence.m_iPort,
+						nameEscaped,
+						descEscaped,
+						mapEscaped,
+						playlistEscaped,
+						threadedPresence.m_iMaxPlayers,
+						passwordEscaped)
+						.c_str());
+
+				curl_free(nameEscaped);
+				curl_free(descEscaped);
+				curl_free(mapEscaped);
+				curl_free(playlistEscaped);
+				curl_free(passwordEscaped);
+			}
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+
+			if (result == CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+			{
+				rapidjson_document serverAddedJson;
+				serverAddedJson.Parse(readBuffer.c_str());
+
+				// If we could not parse the JSON or it isn't an object, assume the MS is either wrong or we're completely out of date.
+				// No retry.
+				if (serverAddedJson.HasParseError())
+				{
+					if (shouldLogError)
+						spdlog::error(
+							"Failed reading masterserver authentication response: encountered parse error \"{}\"",
+							rapidjson::GetParseError_En(serverAddedJson.GetParseError()));
+					return ReturnCleanup(MasterServerReportPresenceResult::FailedNoRetry);
+				}
+
+				if (!serverAddedJson.IsObject())
+				{
+					if (shouldLogError)
+						spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver authentication response: root object is not an object");
+					return ReturnCleanup(MasterServerReportPresenceResult::FailedNoRetry);
+				}
+
+				if (serverAddedJson.HasMember("error"))
+				{
+					if (shouldLogError)
+					{
+						spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: got fastify error response");
+						spdlog::error(readBuffer);
+					}
+
+					// If this is DUPLICATE_SERVER, we'll retry adding the server every 20 seconds.
+					// The master server will only update its internal server list and clean up dead servers on certain events.
+					// And then again, only if a player requests the server list after the cooldown (1 second by default), or a server is
+					// added/updated/removed. In any case this needs to be fixed in the master server rewrite.
+					if (serverAddedJson["error"].HasMember("enum") &&
+						strcmp(serverAddedJson["error"]["enum"].GetString(), "DUPLICATE_SERVER") == 0)
+					{
+						if (shouldLogError)
+							spdlog::error("Cooling down while the master server cleans the dead server entry, if any.");
+						return ReturnCleanup(MasterServerReportPresenceResult::FailedDuplicateServer);
+					}
+
+					// Retry until we reach max retries.
+					return ReturnCleanup(MasterServerReportPresenceResult::Failed);
+				}
+
+				if (!serverAddedJson["success"].IsTrue())
+				{
+					if (shouldLogError)
+						spdlog::error("Adding server to masterserver failed: \"success\" is not true");
+					return ReturnCleanup(MasterServerReportPresenceResult::FailedNoRetry);
+				}
+
+				if (!serverAddedJson.HasMember("id") || !serverAddedJson["id"].IsString() ||
+					!serverAddedJson.HasMember("serverAuthToken") || !serverAddedJson["serverAuthToken"].IsString())
+				{
+					if (shouldLogError)
+						spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: malformed json object");
+					return ReturnCleanup(MasterServerReportPresenceResult::FailedNoRetry);
+				}
+
+				spdlog::info("Successfully registered the local server to the master server.");
+				return ReturnCleanup(
+					MasterServerReportPresenceResult::Success,
+					serverAddedJson["id"].GetString(),
+					serverAddedJson["serverAuthToken"].GetString());
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				if (shouldLogError)
+					spdlog::error("Failed adding self to server list: error {}", curl_easy_strerror(result));
+				return ReturnCleanup(MasterServerReportPresenceResult::FailedNoConnect);
+			}
+		});
+}
+
+void MasterServerPresenceReporter::InternalUpdateServer(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence)
+{
+	const ServerPresence threadedPresence(pServerPresence);
+
+	// Never call this with an ongoing InternalUpdateServer() call.
+	assert(!updateServerFuture.valid());
+
+	const std::string serverId = g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerId;
+	const std::string hostname = Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->GetString();
+	const std::string modinfo = g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnModInfoJson;
+
+	updateServerFuture = std::async(
+		std::launch::async,
+		[threadedPresence, serverId, hostname, modinfo]
+		{
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			SetCommonHttpClientOptions(curl);
+
+			// Lambda to quickly cleanup resources and return a value.
+			auto ReturnCleanup = [curl](MasterServerReportPresenceResult result, const char* id = "", const char* serverAuthToken = "")
+			{
+				curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+
+				MasterServerPresenceReporter::ReportPresenceResultData data;
+				data.result = result;
+
+				if (id != nullptr)
+				{
+					data.id = id;
+				}
+
+				if (serverAuthToken != nullptr)
+				{
+					data.serverAuthToken = serverAuthToken;
+				}
+
+				return data;
+			};
+
+			std::string readBuffer;
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "POST");
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, CurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &readBuffer);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 0L);
+
+			// send all registration info so we have all necessary info to reregister our server if masterserver goes down,
+			// without a restart this isn't threadsafe :terror:
+			{
+				char* nameEscaped = curl_easy_escape(curl, threadedPresence.m_sServerName.c_str(), 0);
+				char* descEscaped = curl_easy_escape(curl, threadedPresence.m_sServerDesc.c_str(), 0);
+				char* mapEscaped = curl_easy_escape(curl, threadedPresence.m_MapName, 0);
+				char* playlistEscaped = curl_easy_escape(curl, threadedPresence.m_PlaylistName, 0);
+				char* passwordEscaped = curl_easy_escape(curl, threadedPresence.m_Password, 0);
+
+				curl_easy_setopt(
+					curl,
+					CURLOPT_URL,
+					fmt::format(
+						"{}/server/"
+						"update_values?id={}&port={}&authPort=udp&name={}&description={}&map={}&playlist={}&playerCount={}&"
+						"maxPlayers={}&password={}",
+						hostname.c_str(),
+						serverId.c_str(),
+						threadedPresence.m_iPort,
+						nameEscaped,
+						descEscaped,
+						mapEscaped,
+						playlistEscaped,
+						threadedPresence.m_iPlayerCount,
+						threadedPresence.m_iMaxPlayers,
+						passwordEscaped)
+						.c_str());
+
+				curl_free(nameEscaped);
+				curl_free(descEscaped);
+				curl_free(mapEscaped);
+				curl_free(playlistEscaped);
+				curl_free(passwordEscaped);
+			}
+
+			curl_mime* mime = curl_mime_init(curl);
+			curl_mimepart* part = curl_mime_addpart(mime);
+
+			curl_mime_data(part, modinfo.c_str(), modinfo.size());
+			curl_mime_name(part, "modinfo");
+			curl_mime_filename(part, "modinfo.json");
+			curl_mime_type(part, "application/json");
+
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_MIMEPOST, mime);
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+
+			if (result == CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+			{
+				rapidjson_document serverAddedJson;
+				serverAddedJson.Parse(readBuffer.c_str());
+
+				const char* updatedId = nullptr;
+				const char* updatedAuthToken = nullptr;
+
+				if (!serverAddedJson.HasParseError() && serverAddedJson.IsObject())
+				{
+					if (serverAddedJson.HasMember("id") && serverAddedJson["id"].IsString())
+					{
+						updatedId = serverAddedJson["id"].GetString();
+					}
+
+					if (serverAddedJson.HasMember("serverAuthToken") && serverAddedJson["serverAuthToken"].IsString())
+					{
+						updatedAuthToken = serverAddedJson["serverAuthToken"].GetString();
+					}
+				}
+
+				return ReturnCleanup(MasterServerReportPresenceResult::Success, updatedId, updatedAuthToken);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				spdlog::warn("Heartbeat failed with error {}", curl_easy_strerror(result));
+				return ReturnCleanup(MasterServerReportPresenceResult::Failed);
+			}
+		});
+}
diff --git a/primedev/masterserver/masterserver.h b/primedev/masterserver/masterserver.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..570db619
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/masterserver/masterserver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "server/serverpresence.h"
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <future>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+extern ConVar* Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname;
+extern ConVar* Cvar_ns_curl_log_enable;
+
+struct RemoteModInfo
+{
+public:
+	std::string Name;
+	std::string Version;
+};
+
+class RemoteServerInfo
+{
+public:
+	char id[33]; // 32 bytes + nullterminator
+
+	// server info
+	char name[64];
+	std::string description;
+	char map[32];
+	char playlist[16];
+	char region[32];
+	std::vector<RemoteModInfo> requiredMods;
+
+	int playerCount;
+	int maxPlayers;
+
+	// connection stuff
+	bool requiresPassword;
+
+public:
+	RemoteServerInfo(
+		const char* newId,
+		const char* newName,
+		const char* newDescription,
+		const char* newMap,
+		const char* newPlaylist,
+		const char* newRegion,
+		int newPlayerCount,
+		int newMaxPlayers,
+		bool newRequiresPassword);
+};
+
+struct RemoteServerConnectionInfo
+{
+public:
+	char authToken[32];
+
+	in_addr ip;
+	unsigned short port;
+};
+
+struct MainMenuPromoData
+{
+public:
+	std::string newInfoTitle1;
+	std::string newInfoTitle2;
+	std::string newInfoTitle3;
+
+	std::string largeButtonTitle;
+	std::string largeButtonText;
+	std::string largeButtonUrl;
+	int largeButtonImageIndex;
+
+	std::string smallButton1Title;
+	std::string smallButton1Url;
+	int smallButton1ImageIndex;
+
+	std::string smallButton2Title;
+	std::string smallButton2Url;
+	int smallButton2ImageIndex;
+};
+
+class MasterServerManager
+{
+private:
+	bool m_bRequestingServerList = false;
+	bool m_bAuthenticatingWithGameServer = false;
+
+public:
+	char m_sOwnServerId[33];
+	char m_sOwnServerAuthToken[33];
+	char m_sOwnClientAuthToken[33];
+
+	std::string m_sOwnModInfoJson;
+
+	bool m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerDone = false;
+	bool m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerInProgress = false;
+
+	bool m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerSuccessful = false;
+	std::string m_sOriginAuthWithMasterServerErrorCode = "";
+	std::string m_sOriginAuthWithMasterServerErrorMessage = "";
+
+	bool m_bSavingPersistentData = false;
+
+	bool m_bScriptRequestingServerList = false;
+	bool m_bSuccessfullyConnected = true;
+
+	bool m_bNewgameAfterSelfAuth = false;
+	bool m_bScriptAuthenticatingWithGameServer = false;
+	bool m_bSuccessfullyAuthenticatedWithGameServer = false;
+	std::string m_sAuthFailureReason {};
+
+	bool m_bHasPendingConnectionInfo = false;
+	RemoteServerConnectionInfo m_pendingConnectionInfo;
+
+	std::vector<RemoteServerInfo> m_vRemoteServers;
+
+	bool m_bHasMainMenuPromoData = false;
+	MainMenuPromoData m_sMainMenuPromoData;
+
+	std::optional<RemoteServerInfo> m_currentServer;
+	std::string m_sCurrentServerPassword;
+
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> m_handledServerConnections;
+
+public:
+	MasterServerManager();
+
+	void ClearServerList();
+	void RequestServerList();
+	void RequestMainMenuPromos();
+	void AuthenticateOriginWithMasterServer(const char* uid, const char* originToken);
+	void AuthenticateWithOwnServer(const char* uid, const char* playerToken);
+	void AuthenticateWithServer(const char* uid, const char* playerToken, RemoteServerInfo server, const char* password);
+	void WritePlayerPersistentData(const char* playerId, const char* pdata, size_t pdataSize);
+	void ProcessConnectionlessPacketSigreq1(std::string req);
+};
+
+extern MasterServerManager* g_pMasterServerManager;
+extern ConVar* Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname;
+
+/** Result returned in the std::future of a MasterServerPresenceReporter::ReportPresence() call. */
+enum class MasterServerReportPresenceResult
+{
+	// Adding this server to the MS was successful.
+	Success,
+	// We failed to add this server to the MS and should retry.
+	Failed,
+	// We failed to add this server to the MS and shouldn't retry.
+	FailedNoRetry,
+	// We failed to even reach the MS.
+	FailedNoConnect,
+	// We failed to add the server because an existing server with the same ip:port exists.
+	FailedDuplicateServer,
+};
+
+class MasterServerPresenceReporter : public ServerPresenceReporter
+{
+public:
+	/** Full data returned in the std::future of a MasterServerPresenceReporter::ReportPresence() call. */
+	struct ReportPresenceResultData
+	{
+		MasterServerReportPresenceResult result;
+
+		std::optional<std::string> id;
+		std::optional<std::string> serverAuthToken;
+	};
+
+	const int MAX_REGISTRATION_ATTEMPTS = 5;
+
+	// Called to initialise the master server presence reporter's state.
+	void CreatePresence(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence) override;
+
+	// Run on an internal to either add the server to the MS or update it.
+	void ReportPresence(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence) override;
+
+	// Called when we need to remove the server from the master server.
+	void DestroyPresence(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence) override;
+
+	// Called every frame.
+	void RunFrame(double flCurrentTime, const ServerPresence* pServerPresence) override;
+
+protected:
+	// Contains the async logic to add the server to the MS.
+	void InternalAddServer(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence);
+
+	// Contains the async logic to update the server on the MS.
+	void InternalUpdateServer(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence);
+
+	// The future used for InternalAddServer() calls.
+	std::future<ReportPresenceResultData> addServerFuture;
+
+	// The future used for InternalAddServer() calls.
+	std::future<ReportPresenceResultData> updateServerFuture;
+
+	int m_nNumRegistrationAttempts;
+
+	double m_fNextAddServerAttemptTime;
+};
diff --git a/primedev/mods/autodownload/moddownloader.cpp b/primedev/mods/autodownload/moddownloader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..165399e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/mods/autodownload/moddownloader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,638 @@
+#include "moddownloader.h"
+#include <rapidjson/fwd.h>
+#include <mz_strm_mem.h>
+#include <mz.h>
+#include <mz_strm.h>
+#include <mz_zip.h>
+#include <mz_compat.h>
+#include <thread>
+#include <future>
+#include <bcrypt.h>
+#include <winternl.h>
+#include <fstream>
+
+ModDownloader* g_pModDownloader;
+
+ModDownloader::ModDownloader()
+{
+	spdlog::info("Mod downloader initialized");
+
+	// Initialise mods list URI
+	char* clachar = strstr(GetCommandLineA(), CUSTOM_MODS_URL_FLAG);
+	if (clachar)
+	{
+		std::string url;
+		int iFlagStringLength = strlen(CUSTOM_MODS_URL_FLAG);
+		std::string cla = std::string(clachar);
+		if (strncmp(cla.substr(iFlagStringLength, 1).c_str(), "\"", 1))
+		{
+			int space = cla.find(" ");
+			url = cla.substr(iFlagStringLength, space - iFlagStringLength);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			std::string quote = "\"";
+			int quote1 = cla.find(quote);
+			int quote2 = (cla.substr(quote1 + 1)).find(quote);
+			url = cla.substr(quote1 + 1, quote2);
+		}
+		spdlog::info("Found custom verified mods URL in command line argument: {}", url);
+		modsListUrl = strdup(url.c_str());
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Custom verified mods URL not found in command line arguments, using default URL.");
+		modsListUrl = strdup(DEFAULT_MODS_LIST_URL);
+	}
+}
+
+size_t WriteToString(void* ptr, size_t size, size_t count, void* stream)
+{
+	((std::string*)stream)->append((char*)ptr, 0, size * count);
+	return size * count;
+}
+
+void ModDownloader::FetchModsListFromAPI()
+{
+	std::thread requestThread(
+		[this]()
+		{
+			CURLcode result;
+			CURL* easyhandle;
+			rapidjson::Document verifiedModsJson;
+			std::string url = modsListUrl;
+
+			curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
+			easyhandle = curl_easy_init();
+			std::string readBuffer;
+
+			// Fetching mods list from GitHub repository
+			curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "GET");
+			curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 30L);
+			curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_URL, url.c_str());
+			curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1L);
+			curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &readBuffer);
+			curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, WriteToString);
+			result = curl_easy_perform(easyhandle);
+
+			if (result == CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+			{
+				spdlog::info("Mods list successfully fetched.");
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Fetching mods list failed: {}", curl_easy_strerror(result));
+				goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+			}
+
+			// Load mods list into local state
+			spdlog::info("Loading mods configuration...");
+			verifiedModsJson.Parse(readBuffer);
+			for (auto i = verifiedModsJson.MemberBegin(); i != verifiedModsJson.MemberEnd(); ++i)
+			{
+				std::string name = i->name.GetString();
+				std::string dependency = i->value["DependencyPrefix"].GetString();
+
+				std::unordered_map<std::string, VerifiedModVersion> modVersions;
+				rapidjson::Value& versions = i->value["Versions"];
+				assert(versions.IsArray());
+				for (auto& attribute : versions.GetArray())
+				{
+					assert(attribute.IsObject());
+					std::string version = attribute["Version"].GetString();
+					std::string checksum = attribute["Checksum"].GetString();
+					modVersions.insert({version, {.checksum = checksum}});
+				}
+
+				VerifiedModDetails modConfig = {.dependencyPrefix = dependency, .versions = modVersions};
+				verifiedMods.insert({name, modConfig});
+				spdlog::info("==> Loaded configuration for mod \"" + name + "\"");
+			}
+
+			spdlog::info("Done loading verified mods list.");
+
+		REQUEST_END_CLEANUP:
+			curl_easy_cleanup(easyhandle);
+		});
+	requestThread.detach();
+}
+
+size_t WriteData(void* ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE* stream)
+{
+	size_t written;
+	written = fwrite(ptr, size, nmemb, stream);
+	return written;
+}
+
+int ModDownloader::ModFetchingProgressCallback(
+	void* ptr, curl_off_t totalDownloadSize, curl_off_t finishedDownloadSize, curl_off_t totalToUpload, curl_off_t nowUploaded)
+{
+	if (totalDownloadSize != 0 && finishedDownloadSize != 0)
+	{
+		ModDownloader* instance = static_cast<ModDownloader*>(ptr);
+		auto currentDownloadProgress = roundf(static_cast<float>(finishedDownloadSize) / totalDownloadSize * 100);
+		instance->modState.progress = finishedDownloadSize;
+		instance->modState.total = totalDownloadSize;
+		instance->modState.ratio = currentDownloadProgress;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+std::optional<fs::path> ModDownloader::FetchModFromDistantStore(std::string_view modName, std::string_view modVersion)
+{
+	// Retrieve mod prefix from local mods list, or use mod name as mod prefix if bypass flag is set
+	std::string modPrefix = strstr(GetCommandLineA(), VERIFICATION_FLAG) ? modName.data() : verifiedMods[modName.data()].dependencyPrefix;
+	// Build archive distant URI
+	std::string archiveName = std::format("{}-{}.zip", modPrefix, modVersion.data());
+	std::string url = STORE_URL + archiveName;
+	spdlog::info(std::format("Fetching mod archive from {}", url));
+
+	// Download destination
+	std::filesystem::path downloadPath = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / archiveName;
+	spdlog::info(std::format("Downloading archive to {}", downloadPath.generic_string()));
+
+	// Update state
+	modState.state = DOWNLOADING;
+
+	// Download the actual archive
+	bool failed = false;
+	FILE* fp = fopen(downloadPath.generic_string().c_str(), "wb");
+	CURLcode result;
+	CURL* easyhandle;
+	easyhandle = curl_easy_init();
+
+	curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_URL, url.data());
+	curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_FAILONERROR, 1L);
+	curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, fp);
+	curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, WriteData);
+	curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 0L);
+	curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_XFERINFOFUNCTION, ModDownloader::ModFetchingProgressCallback);
+	curl_easy_setopt(easyhandle, CURLOPT_XFERINFODATA, this);
+	result = curl_easy_perform(easyhandle);
+
+	if (result == CURLcode::CURLE_OK)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Mod archive successfully fetched.");
+		goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Fetching mod archive failed: {}", curl_easy_strerror(result));
+		failed = true;
+		goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+	}
+
+REQUEST_END_CLEANUP:
+	curl_easy_cleanup(easyhandle);
+	fclose(fp);
+	return failed ? std::optional<fs::path>() : std::optional<fs::path>(downloadPath);
+}
+
+bool ModDownloader::IsModLegit(fs::path modPath, std::string_view expectedChecksum)
+{
+	if (strstr(GetCommandLineA(), VERIFICATION_FLAG))
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Bypassing mod verification due to flag set up.");
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	// Update state
+	modState.state = CHECKSUMING;
+
+	NTSTATUS status;
+	BCRYPT_ALG_HANDLE algorithmHandle = NULL;
+	BCRYPT_HASH_HANDLE hashHandle = NULL;
+	std::vector<uint8_t> hash;
+	DWORD hashLength = 0;
+	DWORD resultLength = 0;
+	std::stringstream ss;
+
+	constexpr size_t bufferSize {1 << 12};
+	std::vector<char> buffer(bufferSize, '\0');
+	std::ifstream fp(modPath.generic_string(), std::ios::binary);
+
+	// Open an algorithm handle
+	// This sample passes BCRYPT_HASH_REUSABLE_FLAG with BCryptAlgorithmProvider(...) to load a provider which supports reusable hash
+	status = BCryptOpenAlgorithmProvider(
+		&algorithmHandle, // Alg Handle pointer
+		BCRYPT_SHA256_ALGORITHM, // Cryptographic Algorithm name (null terminated unicode string)
+		NULL, // Provider name; if null, the default provider is loaded
+		BCRYPT_HASH_REUSABLE_FLAG); // Flags; Loads a provider which supports reusable hash
+	if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
+	{
+		modState.state = MOD_CORRUPTED;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	// Obtain the length of the hash
+	status = BCryptGetProperty(
+		algorithmHandle, // Handle to a CNG object
+		BCRYPT_HASH_LENGTH, // Property name (null terminated unicode string)
+		(PBYTE)&hashLength, // Address of the output buffer which recieves the property value
+		sizeof(hashLength), // Size of the buffer in bytes
+		&resultLength, // Number of bytes that were copied into the buffer
+		0); // Flags
+	if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
+	{
+		// goto cleanup;
+		modState.state = MOD_CORRUPTED;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Create a hash handle
+	status = BCryptCreateHash(
+		algorithmHandle, // Handle to an algorithm provider
+		&hashHandle, // A pointer to a hash handle - can be a hash or hmac object
+		NULL, // Pointer to the buffer that recieves the hash/hmac object
+		0, // Size of the buffer in bytes
+		NULL, // A pointer to a key to use for the hash or MAC
+		0, // Size of the key in bytes
+		0); // Flags
+	if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
+	{
+		modState.state = MOD_CORRUPTED;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	// Hash archive content
+	if (!fp.is_open())
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Unable to open archive.");
+		modState.state = FAILED_READING_ARCHIVE;
+		return false;
+	}
+	fp.seekg(0, fp.beg);
+	while (fp.good())
+	{
+		fp.read(buffer.data(), bufferSize);
+		std::streamsize bytesRead = fp.gcount();
+		if (bytesRead > 0)
+		{
+			status = BCryptHashData(hashHandle, (PBYTE)buffer.data(), bytesRead, 0);
+			if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
+			{
+				modState.state = MOD_CORRUPTED;
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	hash = std::vector<uint8_t>(hashLength);
+
+	// Obtain the hash of the message(s) into the hash buffer
+	status = BCryptFinishHash(
+		hashHandle, // Handle to the hash or MAC object
+		hash.data(), // A pointer to a buffer that receives the hash or MAC value
+		hashLength, // Size of the buffer in bytes
+		0); // Flags
+	if (!NT_SUCCESS(status))
+	{
+		modState.state = MOD_CORRUPTED;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	// Convert hash to string using bytes raw values
+	ss << std::hex << std::setfill('0');
+	for (int i = 0; i < hashLength; i++)
+	{
+		ss << std::hex << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>(hash.data()[i]);
+	}
+
+	spdlog::info("Expected checksum: {}", expectedChecksum.data());
+	spdlog::info("Computed checksum: {}", ss.str());
+	return expectedChecksum.compare(ss.str()) == 0;
+
+cleanup:
+	if (NULL != hashHandle)
+	{
+		BCryptDestroyHash(hashHandle); // Handle to hash/MAC object which needs to be destroyed
+	}
+
+	if (NULL != algorithmHandle)
+	{
+		BCryptCloseAlgorithmProvider(
+			algorithmHandle, // Handle to the algorithm provider which needs to be closed
+			0); // Flags
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+bool ModDownloader::IsModAuthorized(std::string_view modName, std::string_view modVersion)
+{
+	if (strstr(GetCommandLineA(), VERIFICATION_FLAG))
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Bypassing mod verification due to flag set up.");
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (!verifiedMods.contains(modName.data()))
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, VerifiedModVersion> versions = verifiedMods[modName.data()].versions;
+	return versions.count(modVersion.data()) != 0;
+}
+
+int GetModArchiveSize(unzFile file, unz_global_info64 info)
+{
+	int totalSize = 0;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < info.number_entry; i++)
+	{
+		char zipFilename[256];
+		unz_file_info64 fileInfo;
+		unzGetCurrentFileInfo64(file, &fileInfo, zipFilename, sizeof(zipFilename), NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
+
+		totalSize += fileInfo.uncompressed_size;
+
+		if ((i + 1) < info.number_entry)
+		{
+			unzGoToNextFile(file);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Reset file pointer for archive extraction
+	unzGoToFirstFile(file);
+
+	return totalSize;
+}
+
+void ModDownloader::ExtractMod(fs::path modPath)
+{
+	unzFile file;
+	std::string name;
+	fs::path modDirectory;
+
+	file = unzOpen(modPath.generic_string().c_str());
+	if (file == NULL)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Cannot open archive located at {}.", modPath.generic_string());
+		modState.state = FAILED_READING_ARCHIVE;
+		goto EXTRACTION_CLEANUP;
+	}
+
+	unz_global_info64 gi;
+	int status;
+	status = unzGetGlobalInfo64(file, &gi);
+	if (status != UNZ_OK)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed getting information from archive (error code: {})", status);
+		modState.state = FAILED_READING_ARCHIVE;
+		goto EXTRACTION_CLEANUP;
+	}
+
+	// Update state
+	modState.state = EXTRACTING;
+	modState.total = GetModArchiveSize(file, gi);
+	modState.progress = 0;
+
+	// Mod directory name (removing the ".zip" fom the archive name)
+	name = modPath.filename().string();
+	name = name.substr(0, name.length() - 4);
+	modDirectory = GetRemoteModFolderPath() / name;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < gi.number_entry; i++)
+	{
+		char zipFilename[256];
+		unz_file_info64 fileInfo;
+		status = unzGetCurrentFileInfo64(file, &fileInfo, zipFilename, sizeof(zipFilename), NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
+
+		// Extract file
+		{
+			std::error_code ec;
+			fs::path fileDestination = modDirectory / zipFilename;
+			spdlog::info("=> {}", fileDestination.generic_string());
+
+			// Create parent directory if needed
+			if (!std::filesystem::exists(fileDestination.parent_path()))
+			{
+				spdlog::info("Parent directory does not exist, creating it.", fileDestination.generic_string());
+				if (!std::filesystem::create_directories(fileDestination.parent_path(), ec) && ec.value() != 0)
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Parent directory ({}) creation failed.", fileDestination.parent_path().generic_string());
+					modState.state = FAILED_WRITING_TO_DISK;
+					goto EXTRACTION_CLEANUP;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// If current file is a directory, create directory...
+			if (fileDestination.generic_string().back() == '/')
+			{
+				// Create directory
+				if (!std::filesystem::create_directory(fileDestination, ec) && ec.value() != 0)
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Directory creation failed: {}", ec.message());
+					modState.state = FAILED_WRITING_TO_DISK;
+					goto EXTRACTION_CLEANUP;
+				}
+			}
+			// ...else create file
+			else
+			{
+				// Ensure file is in zip archive
+				if (unzLocateFile(file, zipFilename, 0) != UNZ_OK)
+				{
+					spdlog::error("File \"{}\" was not found in archive.", zipFilename);
+					modState.state = FAILED_READING_ARCHIVE;
+					goto EXTRACTION_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				// Create file
+				const int bufferSize = 8192;
+				void* buffer;
+				int err = UNZ_OK;
+				FILE* fout = NULL;
+
+				// Open zip file to prepare its extraction
+				status = unzOpenCurrentFile(file);
+				if (status != UNZ_OK)
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Could not open file {} from archive.", zipFilename);
+					modState.state = FAILED_READING_ARCHIVE;
+					goto EXTRACTION_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				// Create destination file
+				fout = fopen(fileDestination.generic_string().c_str(), "wb");
+				if (fout == NULL)
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed creating destination file.");
+					modState.state = FAILED_WRITING_TO_DISK;
+					goto EXTRACTION_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				// Allocate memory for buffer
+				buffer = (void*)malloc(bufferSize);
+				if (buffer == NULL)
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Error while allocating memory.");
+					modState.state = FAILED_WRITING_TO_DISK;
+					goto EXTRACTION_CLEANUP;
+				}
+
+				// Extract file to destination
+				do
+				{
+					err = unzReadCurrentFile(file, buffer, bufferSize);
+					if (err < 0)
+					{
+						spdlog::error("error {} with zipfile in unzReadCurrentFile", err);
+						break;
+					}
+					if (err > 0)
+					{
+						if (fwrite(buffer, (unsigned)err, 1, fout) != 1)
+						{
+							spdlog::error("error in writing extracted file\n");
+							err = UNZ_ERRNO;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+
+					// Update extraction stats
+					modState.progress += bufferSize;
+					modState.ratio = roundf(static_cast<float>(modState.progress) / modState.total * 100);
+				} while (err > 0);
+
+				if (err != UNZ_OK)
+				{
+					spdlog::error("An error occurred during file extraction (code: {})", err);
+					modState.state = FAILED_WRITING_TO_DISK;
+					goto EXTRACTION_CLEANUP;
+				}
+				err = unzCloseCurrentFile(file);
+				if (err != UNZ_OK)
+				{
+					spdlog::error("error {} with zipfile in unzCloseCurrentFile", err);
+				}
+
+				// Cleanup
+				if (fout)
+					fclose(fout);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Go to next file
+		if ((i + 1) < gi.number_entry)
+		{
+			status = unzGoToNextFile(file);
+			if (status != UNZ_OK)
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Error while browsing archive files (error code: {}).", status);
+				goto EXTRACTION_CLEANUP;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+EXTRACTION_CLEANUP:
+	if (unzClose(file) != MZ_OK)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed closing mod archive after extraction.");
+	}
+}
+
+void ModDownloader::DownloadMod(std::string modName, std::string modVersion)
+{
+	// Check if mod can be auto-downloaded
+	if (!IsModAuthorized(std::string_view(modName), std::string_view(modVersion)))
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Tried to download a mod that is not verified, aborting.");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	std::thread requestThread(
+		[this, modName, modVersion]()
+		{
+			fs::path archiveLocation;
+
+			// Download mod archive
+			std::string expectedHash = verifiedMods[modName].versions[modVersion].checksum;
+			std::optional<fs::path> fetchingResult = FetchModFromDistantStore(std::string_view(modName), std::string_view(modVersion));
+			if (!fetchingResult.has_value())
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Something went wrong while fetching archive, aborting.");
+				modState.state = MOD_FETCHING_FAILED;
+				goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+			}
+			archiveLocation = fetchingResult.value();
+			if (!IsModLegit(archiveLocation, std::string_view(expectedHash)))
+			{
+				spdlog::warn("Archive hash does not match expected checksum, aborting.");
+				modState.state = MOD_CORRUPTED;
+				goto REQUEST_END_CLEANUP;
+			}
+
+			// Extract downloaded mod archive
+			ExtractMod(archiveLocation);
+
+		REQUEST_END_CLEANUP:
+			try
+			{
+				remove(archiveLocation);
+			}
+			catch (const std::exception& a)
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Error while removing downloaded archive: {}", a.what());
+			}
+
+			modState.state = DONE;
+			spdlog::info("Done downloading {}.", modName);
+		});
+
+	requestThread.detach();
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", ModDownloader, (ConCommand), (CModule module))
+{
+	g_pModDownloader = new ModDownloader();
+	g_pModDownloader->FetchModsListFromAPI();
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC(
+	"bool", NSIsModDownloadable, "string name, string version", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->newarray(sqvm, 0);
+
+	const SQChar* modName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	const SQChar* modVersion = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+
+	bool result = g_pModDownloader->IsModAuthorized(modName, modVersion);
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, result);
+
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSDownloadMod, "string name, string version", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	const SQChar* modName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	const SQChar* modVersion = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+	g_pModDownloader->DownloadMod(modName, modVersion);
+
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("ModInstallState", NSGetModInstallState, "", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushnewstructinstance(sqvm, 4);
+
+	// state
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, g_pModDownloader->modState.state);
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 0);
+
+	// progress
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, g_pModDownloader->modState.progress);
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 1);
+
+	// total
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, g_pModDownloader->modState.total);
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 2);
+
+	// ratio
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushfloat(sqvm, g_pModDownloader->modState.ratio);
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 3);
+
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/mods/autodownload/moddownloader.h b/primedev/mods/autodownload/moddownloader.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5302c21e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/mods/autodownload/moddownloader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+class ModDownloader
+{
+private:
+	const char* VERIFICATION_FLAG = "-disablemodverification";
+	const char* CUSTOM_MODS_URL_FLAG = "-customverifiedurl=";
+	const char* STORE_URL = "https://gcdn.thunderstore.io/live/repository/packages/";
+	const char* DEFAULT_MODS_LIST_URL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/R2Northstar/VerifiedMods/master/verified-mods.json";
+	char* modsListUrl;
+
+	struct VerifiedModVersion
+	{
+		std::string checksum;
+	};
+	struct VerifiedModDetails
+	{
+		std::string dependencyPrefix;
+		std::unordered_map<std::string, VerifiedModVersion> versions = {};
+	};
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, VerifiedModDetails> verifiedMods = {};
+
+	/**
+	 * Mod archive download callback.
+	 *
+	 * This function is called by curl as it's downloading the mod archive; this
+	 * will retrieve the current `ModDownloader` instance and update its `modState`
+	 * member accordingly.
+	 */
+	static int ModFetchingProgressCallback(
+		void* ptr, curl_off_t totalDownloadSize, curl_off_t finishedDownloadSize, curl_off_t totalToUpload, curl_off_t nowUploaded);
+
+	/**
+	 * Downloads a mod archive from distant store.
+	 *
+	 * This rebuilds the URI of the mod archive using both a predefined store URI
+	 * and the mod dependency string from the `verifiedMods` variable, or using
+	 * input mod name as mod dependency string if bypass flag is set up; fetched
+	 * archive is then stored in a temporary location.
+	 *
+	 * If something went wrong during archive download, this will return an empty
+	 * optional object.
+	 *
+	 * @param modName name of the mod to be downloaded
+	 * @param modVersion version of the mod to be downloaded
+	 * @returns location of the downloaded archive
+	 */
+	std::optional<fs::path> FetchModFromDistantStore(std::string_view modName, std::string_view modVersion);
+
+	/**
+	 * Tells if a mod archive has not been corrupted.
+	 *
+	 * The mod validation procedure includes computing the SHA256 hash of the final
+	 * archive, which is stored in the verified mods list. This hash is used by this
+	 * very method to ensure the archive downloaded from the Internet is the exact
+	 * same that has been manually verified.
+	 *
+	 * @param modPath path of the archive to check
+	 * @param expectedChecksum checksum the archive should have
+	 * @returns whether archive is legit
+	 */
+	bool IsModLegit(fs::path modPath, std::string_view expectedChecksum);
+
+	/**
+	 * Extracts a mod archive to the game folder.
+	 *
+	 * This extracts a downloaded mod archive from its original location to the
+	 * current game profile, in the remote mods folder.
+	 *
+	 * @param modPath location of the downloaded archive
+	 * @returns nothing
+	 */
+	void ExtractMod(fs::path modPath);
+
+public:
+	ModDownloader();
+
+	/**
+	 * Retrieves the verified mods list from the central authority.
+	 *
+	 * The Northstar auto-downloading feature does NOT allow automatically installing
+	 * all mods for various (notably security) reasons; mods that are candidate to
+	 * auto-downloading are rather listed on a GitHub repository
+	 * (https://raw.githubusercontent.com/R2Northstar/VerifiedMods/master/verified-mods.json),
+	 * which this method gets via a HTTP call to load into local state.
+	 *
+	 * If list fetching fails, local mods list will be initialized as empty, thus
+	 * preventing any mod from being auto-downloaded.
+	 *
+	 * @returns nothing
+	 */
+	void FetchModsListFromAPI();
+
+	/**
+	 * Checks whether a mod is verified.
+	 *
+	 * A mod is deemed verified/authorized through a manual validation process that is
+	 * described here: https://github.com/R2Northstar/VerifiedMods; in practice, a mod
+	 * is considered authorized if their name AND exact version appear in the
+	 * `verifiedMods` variable.
+	 *
+	 * @param modName name of the mod to be checked
+	 * @param modVersion version of the mod to be checked, must follow semantic versioning
+	 * @returns whether the mod is authorized and can be auto-downloaded
+	 */
+	bool IsModAuthorized(std::string_view modName, std::string_view modVersion);
+
+	/**
+	 * Downloads a given mod from Thunderstore API to local game profile.
+	 *
+	 * @param modName name of the mod to be downloaded
+	 * @param modVersion version of the mod to be downloaded
+	 * @returns nothing
+	 **/
+	void DownloadMod(std::string modName, std::string modVersion);
+
+	enum ModInstallState
+	{
+		// Normal installation process
+		DOWNLOADING,
+		CHECKSUMING,
+		EXTRACTING,
+		DONE, // Everything went great, mod can be used in-game
+
+		// Errors
+		FAILED, // Generic error message, should be avoided as much as possible
+		FAILED_READING_ARCHIVE,
+		FAILED_WRITING_TO_DISK,
+		MOD_FETCHING_FAILED,
+		MOD_CORRUPTED, // Downloaded archive checksum does not match verified hash
+		NO_DISK_SPACE_AVAILABLE,
+		NOT_FOUND // Mod is not currently being auto-downloaded
+	};
+
+	struct MOD_STATE
+	{
+		ModInstallState state;
+		int progress;
+		int total;
+		float ratio;
+	} modState = {};
+
+	/**
+	 * Cancels installation of the mod.
+	 *
+	 * Prevents installation of the mod currently being installed, no matter the install
+	 * progress (downloading, checksuming, extracting), and frees all resources currently
+	 * being used in this purpose.
+	 *
+	 * @returns nothing
+	 */
+	void CancelDownload();
+};
diff --git a/primedev/mods/compiled/kb_act.cpp b/primedev/mods/compiled/kb_act.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6117fd28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/mods/compiled/kb_act.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "core/filesystem/filesystem.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+const char* KB_ACT_PATH = "scripts\\kb_act.lst";
+
+// compiles the file kb_act.lst, that defines entries for keybindings in the options menu
+void ModManager::BuildKBActionsList()
+{
+	spdlog::info("Building kb_act.lst");
+
+	fs::create_directories(GetCompiledAssetsPath() / "scripts");
+	std::ofstream soCompiledKeys(GetCompiledAssetsPath() / KB_ACT_PATH, std::ios::binary);
+
+	// write vanilla file's content to compiled file
+	soCompiledKeys << ReadVPKOriginalFile(KB_ACT_PATH);
+
+	for (Mod& mod : m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+			continue;
+
+		// write content of each modded file to compiled file
+		std::ifstream siModKeys(mod.m_ModDirectory / "kb_act.lst");
+
+		if (siModKeys.good())
+			soCompiledKeys << siModKeys.rdbuf() << std::endl;
+
+		siModKeys.close();
+	}
+
+	soCompiledKeys.close();
+
+	// push to overrides
+	ModOverrideFile overrideFile;
+	overrideFile.m_pOwningMod = nullptr;
+	overrideFile.m_Path = KB_ACT_PATH;
+
+	if (m_ModFiles.find(KB_ACT_PATH) == m_ModFiles.end())
+		m_ModFiles.insert(std::make_pair(KB_ACT_PATH, overrideFile));
+	else
+		m_ModFiles[KB_ACT_PATH] = overrideFile;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/mods/compiled/modkeyvalues.cpp b/primedev/mods/compiled/modkeyvalues.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e44a81d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/mods/compiled/modkeyvalues.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "core/filesystem/filesystem.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+void ModManager::TryBuildKeyValues(const char* filename)
+{
+	spdlog::info("Building KeyValues for file {}", filename);
+
+	std::string normalisedPath = g_pModManager->NormaliseModFilePath(fs::path(filename));
+	fs::path compiledPath = GetCompiledAssetsPath() / filename;
+	fs::path compiledDir = compiledPath.parent_path();
+	fs::create_directories(compiledDir);
+
+	fs::path kvPath(filename);
+	std::string ogFilePath = "mod_original_";
+	ogFilePath += kvPath.filename().string();
+
+	std::string newKvs = "// AUTOGENERATED: MOD PATCH KV\n";
+
+	int patchNum = 0;
+
+	// copy over patch kv files, and add #bases to new file, last mods' patches should be applied first
+	// note: #include should be identical but it's actually just broken, thanks respawn
+	for (int64_t i = m_LoadedMods.size() - 1; i > -1; i--)
+	{
+		if (!m_LoadedMods[i].m_bEnabled)
+			continue;
+
+		size_t fileHash = STR_HASH(normalisedPath);
+		auto modKv = m_LoadedMods[i].KeyValues.find(fileHash);
+		if (modKv != m_LoadedMods[i].KeyValues.end())
+		{
+			// should result in smth along the lines of #include "mod_patch_5_mp_weapon_car.txt"
+
+			std::string patchFilePath = "mod_patch_";
+			patchFilePath += std::to_string(patchNum++);
+			patchFilePath += "_";
+			patchFilePath += kvPath.filename().string();
+
+			newKvs += "#base \"";
+			newKvs += patchFilePath;
+			newKvs += "\"\n";
+
+			fs::remove(compiledDir / patchFilePath);
+
+			fs::copy_file(m_LoadedMods[i].m_ModDirectory / "keyvalues" / filename, compiledDir / patchFilePath);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// add original #base last, #bases don't override preexisting keys, including the ones we've just done
+	newKvs += "#base \"";
+	newKvs += ogFilePath;
+	newKvs += "\"\n";
+
+	// load original file, so we can parse out the name of the root obj (e.g. WeaponData for weapons)
+	std::string originalFile = ReadVPKOriginalFile(filename);
+
+	if (!originalFile.length())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Tried to patch kv {} but no base kv was found!", ogFilePath);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	char rootName[64];
+	memset(rootName, 0, sizeof(rootName));
+
+	// iterate until we hit an ascii char that isn't in a # command or comment to get root obj name
+	int i = 0;
+	while (!(originalFile[i] >= 65 && originalFile[i] <= 122))
+	{
+		// if we hit a comment or # thing, iterate until end of line
+		if (originalFile[i] == '/' || originalFile[i] == '#')
+			while (originalFile[i] != '\n')
+				i++;
+
+		i++;
+	}
+
+	int j = 0;
+	for (int j = 0; originalFile[i] >= 65 && originalFile[i] <= 122; j++)
+		rootName[j] = originalFile[i++];
+
+	// empty kv, all the other stuff gets #base'd
+	newKvs += rootName;
+	newKvs += "\n{\n}\n";
+
+	std::ofstream originalFileWriteStream(compiledDir / ogFilePath, std::ios::binary);
+	originalFileWriteStream << originalFile;
+	originalFileWriteStream.close();
+
+	std::ofstream writeStream(compiledPath, std::ios::binary);
+	writeStream << newKvs;
+	writeStream.close();
+
+	ModOverrideFile overrideFile;
+	overrideFile.m_pOwningMod = nullptr;
+	overrideFile.m_Path = normalisedPath;
+
+	if (m_ModFiles.find(normalisedPath) == m_ModFiles.end())
+		m_ModFiles.insert(std::make_pair(normalisedPath, overrideFile));
+	else
+		m_ModFiles[normalisedPath] = overrideFile;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/mods/compiled/modpdef.cpp b/primedev/mods/compiled/modpdef.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d268a063
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/mods/compiled/modpdef.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "core/filesystem/filesystem.h"
+
+#include <map>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <fstream>
+
+const fs::path MOD_PDEF_SUFFIX = "cfg/server/persistent_player_data_version_231.pdef";
+const char* VPK_PDEF_PATH = "cfg/server/persistent_player_data_version_231.pdef";
+
+void ModManager::BuildPdef()
+{
+	spdlog::info("Building persistent_player_data_version_231.pdef...");
+
+	fs::path MOD_PDEF_PATH = fs::path(GetCompiledAssetsPath() / MOD_PDEF_SUFFIX);
+
+	fs::remove(MOD_PDEF_PATH);
+	std::string pdef = ReadVPKOriginalFile(VPK_PDEF_PATH);
+
+	for (Mod& mod : m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.m_bEnabled || !mod.Pdiff.size())
+			continue;
+
+		// this code probably isn't going to be pretty lol
+		// refer to shared/pjson.js for an actual okish parser of the pdiff format
+		// but pretty much, $ENUM_ADD blocks define members added to preexisting enums
+		// $PROP_START ends the custom stuff, and from there it's just normal props we append to the pdef
+
+		std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> enumAdds;
+
+		// read pdiff
+		bool inEnum = false;
+		bool inProp = false;
+		std::string currentEnum;
+		std::string currentLine;
+		std::istringstream pdiffStream(mod.Pdiff);
+
+		while (std::getline(pdiffStream, currentLine))
+		{
+			if (inProp)
+			{
+				// just append to pdef here
+				pdef += currentLine;
+				pdef += '\n';
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			// trim leading whitespace
+			size_t start = currentLine.find_first_not_of(" \n\r\t\f\v");
+			size_t end = currentLine.find("//");
+			if (end == std::string::npos)
+				end = currentLine.size() - 1; // last char
+
+			if (!currentLine.size() || !currentLine.compare(start, 2, "//"))
+				continue;
+
+			if (inEnum)
+			{
+				if (!currentLine.compare(start, 9, "$ENUM_END"))
+					inEnum = false;
+				else
+					enumAdds[currentEnum].push_back(currentLine); // only need to push_back current line, if there's syntax errors then game
+																  // pdef parser will handle them
+			}
+			else if (!currentLine.compare(start, 9, "$ENUM_ADD"))
+			{
+				inEnum = true;
+				currentEnum = currentLine.substr(start + 10 /*$ENUM_ADD + 1*/, currentLine.size() - end - (start + 10));
+				enumAdds.insert(std::make_pair(currentEnum, std::vector<std::string>()));
+			}
+			else if (!currentLine.compare(start, 11, "$PROP_START"))
+			{
+				inProp = true;
+				pdef += "\n// $PROP_START ";
+				pdef += mod.Name;
+				pdef += "\n";
+			}
+		}
+
+		// add new members to preexisting enums
+		// note: this code could 100% be messed up if people put //$ENUM_START comments and the like
+		// could make it protect against this, but honestly not worth atm
+		for (auto enumAdd : enumAdds)
+		{
+			std::string addStr;
+			for (std::string enumMember : enumAdd.second)
+			{
+				addStr += enumMember;
+				addStr += '\n';
+			}
+
+			// start of enum we're adding to
+			std::string startStr = "$ENUM_START ";
+			startStr += enumAdd.first;
+
+			// insert enum values into enum
+			size_t insertIdx = pdef.find("$ENUM_END", pdef.find(startStr));
+			pdef.reserve(addStr.size());
+			pdef.insert(insertIdx, addStr);
+		}
+	}
+
+	fs::create_directories(MOD_PDEF_PATH.parent_path());
+
+	std::ofstream writeStream(MOD_PDEF_PATH, std::ios::binary);
+	writeStream << pdef;
+	writeStream.close();
+
+	ModOverrideFile overrideFile;
+	overrideFile.m_pOwningMod = nullptr;
+	overrideFile.m_Path = VPK_PDEF_PATH;
+
+	if (m_ModFiles.find(VPK_PDEF_PATH) == m_ModFiles.end())
+		m_ModFiles.insert(std::make_pair(VPK_PDEF_PATH, overrideFile));
+	else
+		m_ModFiles[VPK_PDEF_PATH] = overrideFile;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/mods/compiled/modscriptsrson.cpp b/primedev/mods/compiled/modscriptsrson.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d130745f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/mods/compiled/modscriptsrson.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "core/filesystem/filesystem.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+const std::string MOD_SCRIPTS_RSON_SUFFIX = "scripts/vscripts/scripts.rson";
+const char* VPK_SCRIPTS_RSON_PATH = "scripts\\vscripts\\scripts.rson";
+
+void ModManager::BuildScriptsRson()
+{
+	spdlog::info("Building custom scripts.rson");
+	fs::path MOD_SCRIPTS_RSON_PATH = fs::path(GetCompiledAssetsPath() / MOD_SCRIPTS_RSON_SUFFIX);
+	fs::remove(MOD_SCRIPTS_RSON_PATH);
+
+	std::string scriptsRson = ReadVPKOriginalFile(VPK_SCRIPTS_RSON_PATH);
+	scriptsRson += "\n\n// START MODDED SCRIPT CONTENT\n\n"; // newline before we start custom stuff
+
+	for (Mod& mod : m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+			continue;
+
+		// this isn't needed at all, just nice to have imo
+		scriptsRson += "// MOD: ";
+		scriptsRson += mod.Name;
+		scriptsRson += ":\n\n";
+
+		for (ModScript& script : mod.Scripts)
+		{
+			/* should create something with this format for each script
+			When: "CONTEXT"
+			Scripts:
+			[
+				_coolscript.gnut
+			]*/
+
+			scriptsRson += "When: \"";
+			scriptsRson += script.RunOn;
+			scriptsRson += "\"\n";
+
+			scriptsRson += "Scripts:\n[\n\t";
+			scriptsRson += script.Path;
+			scriptsRson += "\n]\n\n";
+		}
+	}
+
+	fs::create_directories(MOD_SCRIPTS_RSON_PATH.parent_path());
+
+	std::ofstream writeStream(MOD_SCRIPTS_RSON_PATH, std::ios::binary);
+	writeStream << scriptsRson;
+	writeStream.close();
+
+	ModOverrideFile overrideFile;
+	overrideFile.m_pOwningMod = nullptr;
+	overrideFile.m_Path = VPK_SCRIPTS_RSON_PATH;
+
+	if (m_ModFiles.find(VPK_SCRIPTS_RSON_PATH) == m_ModFiles.end())
+		m_ModFiles.insert(std::make_pair(VPK_SCRIPTS_RSON_PATH, overrideFile));
+	else
+		m_ModFiles[VPK_SCRIPTS_RSON_PATH] = overrideFile;
+
+	// todo: for preventing dupe scripts in scripts.rson, we could actually parse when conditions with the squirrel vm, just need a way to
+	// get a result out of squirrelmanager.ExecuteCode this would probably be the best way to do this, imo
+}
diff --git a/primedev/mods/modmanager.cpp b/primedev/mods/modmanager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8a0eb71d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/mods/modmanager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1150 @@
+#include "modmanager.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "client/audio.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "core/filesystem/filesystem.h"
+#include "core/filesystem/rpakfilesystem.h"
+#include "config/profile.h"
+
+#include "rapidjson/error/en.h"
+#include "rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "rapidjson/ostreamwrapper.h"
+#include "rapidjson/prettywriter.h"
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <regex>
+
+ModManager* g_pModManager;
+
+Mod::Mod(fs::path modDir, char* jsonBuf)
+{
+	m_bWasReadSuccessfully = false;
+
+	m_ModDirectory = modDir;
+
+	rapidjson_document modJson;
+	modJson.Parse<rapidjson::ParseFlag::kParseCommentsFlag | rapidjson::ParseFlag::kParseTrailingCommasFlag>(jsonBuf);
+
+	spdlog::info("Loading mod file at path '{}'", modDir.string());
+
+	// fail if parse error
+	if (modJson.HasParseError())
+	{
+		spdlog::error(
+			"Failed reading mod file {}: encountered parse error \"{}\" at offset {}",
+			(modDir / "mod.json").string(),
+			GetParseError_En(modJson.GetParseError()),
+			modJson.GetErrorOffset());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// fail if it's not a json obj (could be an array, string, etc)
+	if (!modJson.IsObject())
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed reading mod file {}: file is not a JSON object", (modDir / "mod.json").string());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// basic mod info
+	// name is required
+	if (!modJson.HasMember("Name"))
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed reading mod file {}: missing required member \"Name\"", (modDir / "mod.json").string());
+		return;
+	}
+
+	Name = modJson["Name"].GetString();
+	spdlog::info("Loading mod '{}'", Name);
+
+	// Don't load blacklisted mods
+	if (!strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-nomodblacklist") && MODS_BLACKLIST.find(Name) != std::end(MODS_BLACKLIST))
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Skipping blacklisted mod \"{}\"!", Name);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (modJson.HasMember("Description"))
+		Description = modJson["Description"].GetString();
+	else
+		Description = "";
+
+	if (modJson.HasMember("Version"))
+		Version = modJson["Version"].GetString();
+	else
+	{
+		Version = "0.0.0";
+		spdlog::warn("Mod file {} is missing a version, consider adding a version", (modDir / "mod.json").string());
+	}
+
+	if (modJson.HasMember("DownloadLink"))
+		DownloadLink = modJson["DownloadLink"].GetString();
+	else
+		DownloadLink = "";
+
+	if (modJson.HasMember("RequiredOnClient"))
+		RequiredOnClient = modJson["RequiredOnClient"].GetBool();
+	else
+		RequiredOnClient = false;
+
+	if (modJson.HasMember("LoadPriority"))
+		LoadPriority = modJson["LoadPriority"].GetInt();
+	else
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Mod file {} is missing a LoadPriority, consider adding one", (modDir / "mod.json").string());
+		LoadPriority = 0;
+	}
+
+	// Parse all array fields
+	ParseConVars(modJson);
+	ParseConCommands(modJson);
+	ParseScripts(modJson);
+	ParseLocalization(modJson);
+	ParseDependencies(modJson);
+	ParsePluginDependencies(modJson);
+	ParseInitScript(modJson);
+
+	// A mod is remote if it's located in the remote mods folder
+	m_bIsRemote = m_ModDirectory.generic_string().find(GetRemoteModFolderPath().generic_string()) != std::string::npos;
+
+	m_bWasReadSuccessfully = true;
+}
+
+void Mod::ParseConVars(rapidjson_document& json)
+{
+	if (!json.HasMember("ConVars"))
+		return;
+
+	if (!json["ConVars"].IsArray())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("'ConVars' field is not an array, skipping...");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (auto& convarObj : json["ConVars"].GetArray())
+	{
+		if (!convarObj.IsObject())
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("ConVar is not an object, skipping...");
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!convarObj.HasMember("Name"))
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("ConVar does not have a Name, skipping...");
+			continue;
+		}
+		// from here on, the ConVar can be referenced by name in logs
+		if (!convarObj.HasMember("DefaultValue"))
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("ConVar '{}' does not have a DefaultValue, skipping...", convarObj["Name"].GetString());
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// have to allocate this manually, otherwise convar registration will break
+		// unfortunately this causes us to leak memory on reload, unsure of a way around this rn
+		ModConVar* convar = new ModConVar;
+		convar->Name = convarObj["Name"].GetString();
+		convar->DefaultValue = convarObj["DefaultValue"].GetString();
+
+		if (convarObj.HasMember("HelpString"))
+			convar->HelpString = convarObj["HelpString"].GetString();
+		else
+			convar->HelpString = "";
+
+		convar->Flags = FCVAR_NONE;
+
+		if (convarObj.HasMember("Flags"))
+		{
+			// read raw integer flags
+			if (convarObj["Flags"].IsInt())
+				convar->Flags = convarObj["Flags"].GetInt();
+			else if (convarObj["Flags"].IsString())
+			{
+				// parse cvar flags from string
+				// example string: ARCHIVE_PLAYERPROFILE | GAMEDLL
+				convar->Flags |= ParseConVarFlagsString(convar->Name, convarObj["Flags"].GetString());
+			}
+		}
+
+		ConVars.push_back(convar);
+
+		spdlog::info("'{}' contains ConVar '{}'", Name, convar->Name);
+	}
+}
+
+void Mod::ParseConCommands(rapidjson_document& json)
+{
+	if (!json.HasMember("ConCommands"))
+		return;
+
+	if (!json["ConCommands"].IsArray())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("'ConCommands' field is not an array, skipping...");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (auto& concommandObj : json["ConCommands"].GetArray())
+	{
+		if (!concommandObj.IsObject())
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("ConCommand is not an object, skipping...");
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!concommandObj.HasMember("Name"))
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("ConCommand does not have a Name, skipping...");
+			continue;
+		}
+		// from here on, the ConCommand can be referenced by name in logs
+		if (!concommandObj.HasMember("Function"))
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("ConCommand '{}' does not have a Function, skipping...", concommandObj["Name"].GetString());
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!concommandObj.HasMember("Context"))
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("ConCommand '{}' does not have a Context, skipping...", concommandObj["Name"].GetString());
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		// have to allocate this manually, otherwise concommand registration will break
+		// unfortunately this causes us to leak memory on reload, unsure of a way around this rn
+		ModConCommand* concommand = new ModConCommand;
+		concommand->Name = concommandObj["Name"].GetString();
+		concommand->Function = concommandObj["Function"].GetString();
+		concommand->Context = ScriptContextFromString(concommandObj["Context"].GetString());
+		if (concommand->Context == ScriptContext::INVALID)
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("ConCommand '{}' has invalid context '{}', skipping...", concommand->Name, concommandObj["Context"].GetString());
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (concommandObj.HasMember("HelpString"))
+			concommand->HelpString = concommandObj["HelpString"].GetString();
+		else
+			concommand->HelpString = "";
+
+		concommand->Flags = FCVAR_NONE;
+
+		if (concommandObj.HasMember("Flags"))
+		{
+			// read raw integer flags
+			if (concommandObj["Flags"].IsInt())
+			{
+				concommand->Flags = concommandObj["Flags"].GetInt();
+			}
+			else if (concommandObj["Flags"].IsString())
+			{
+				// parse cvar flags from string
+				// example string: ARCHIVE_PLAYERPROFILE | GAMEDLL
+				concommand->Flags |= ParseConVarFlagsString(concommand->Name, concommandObj["Flags"].GetString());
+			}
+		}
+
+		ConCommands.push_back(concommand);
+
+		spdlog::info("'{}' contains ConCommand '{}'", Name, concommand->Name);
+	}
+}
+
+void Mod::ParseScripts(rapidjson_document& json)
+{
+	if (!json.HasMember("Scripts"))
+		return;
+
+	if (!json["Scripts"].IsArray())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("'Scripts' field is not an array, skipping...");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (auto& scriptObj : json["Scripts"].GetArray())
+	{
+		if (!scriptObj.IsObject())
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("Script is not an object, skipping...");
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!scriptObj.HasMember("Path"))
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("Script does not have a Path, skipping...");
+			continue;
+		}
+		// from here on, the Path for a script is used as it's name in logs
+		if (!scriptObj.HasMember("RunOn"))
+		{
+			// "a RunOn" sounds dumb but anything else doesn't match the format of the warnings...
+			// this is the best i could think of within 20 seconds
+			spdlog::warn("Script '{}' does not have a RunOn field, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		ModScript script;
+
+		script.Path = scriptObj["Path"].GetString();
+		script.RunOn = scriptObj["RunOn"].GetString();
+
+		if (scriptObj.HasMember("ServerCallback"))
+		{
+			if (scriptObj["ServerCallback"].IsObject())
+			{
+				ModScriptCallback callback;
+				callback.Context = ScriptContext::SERVER;
+
+				if (scriptObj["ServerCallback"].HasMember("Before"))
+				{
+					if (scriptObj["ServerCallback"]["Before"].IsString())
+						callback.BeforeCallback = scriptObj["ServerCallback"]["Before"].GetString();
+					else
+						spdlog::warn("'Before' ServerCallback for script '{}' is not a string, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+				}
+
+				if (scriptObj["ServerCallback"].HasMember("After"))
+				{
+					if (scriptObj["ServerCallback"]["After"].IsString())
+						callback.AfterCallback = scriptObj["ServerCallback"]["After"].GetString();
+					else
+						spdlog::warn("'After' ServerCallback for script '{}' is not a string, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+				}
+
+				if (scriptObj["ServerCallback"].HasMember("Destroy"))
+				{
+					if (scriptObj["ServerCallback"]["Destroy"].IsString())
+						callback.DestroyCallback = scriptObj["ServerCallback"]["Destroy"].GetString();
+					else
+						spdlog::warn(
+							"'Destroy' ServerCallback for script '{}' is not a string, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+				}
+
+				script.Callbacks.push_back(callback);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				spdlog::warn("ServerCallback for script '{}' is not an object, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (scriptObj.HasMember("ClientCallback"))
+		{
+			if (scriptObj["ClientCallback"].IsObject())
+			{
+				ModScriptCallback callback;
+				callback.Context = ScriptContext::CLIENT;
+
+				if (scriptObj["ClientCallback"].HasMember("Before"))
+				{
+					if (scriptObj["ClientCallback"]["Before"].IsString())
+						callback.BeforeCallback = scriptObj["ClientCallback"]["Before"].GetString();
+					else
+						spdlog::warn("'Before' ClientCallback for script '{}' is not a string, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+				}
+
+				if (scriptObj["ClientCallback"].HasMember("After"))
+				{
+					if (scriptObj["ClientCallback"]["After"].IsString())
+						callback.AfterCallback = scriptObj["ClientCallback"]["After"].GetString();
+					else
+						spdlog::warn("'After' ClientCallback for script '{}' is not a string, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+				}
+
+				if (scriptObj["ClientCallback"].HasMember("Destroy"))
+				{
+					if (scriptObj["ClientCallback"]["Destroy"].IsString())
+						callback.DestroyCallback = scriptObj["ClientCallback"]["Destroy"].GetString();
+					else
+						spdlog::warn(
+							"'Destroy' ClientCallback for script '{}' is not a string, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+				}
+
+				script.Callbacks.push_back(callback);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				spdlog::warn("ClientCallback for script '{}' is not an object, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (scriptObj.HasMember("UICallback"))
+		{
+			if (scriptObj["UICallback"].IsObject())
+			{
+				ModScriptCallback callback;
+				callback.Context = ScriptContext::UI;
+
+				if (scriptObj["UICallback"].HasMember("Before"))
+				{
+					if (scriptObj["UICallback"]["Before"].IsString())
+						callback.BeforeCallback = scriptObj["UICallback"]["Before"].GetString();
+					else
+						spdlog::warn("'Before' UICallback for script '{}' is not a string, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+				}
+
+				if (scriptObj["UICallback"].HasMember("After"))
+				{
+					if (scriptObj["UICallback"]["After"].IsString())
+						callback.AfterCallback = scriptObj["UICallback"]["After"].GetString();
+					else
+						spdlog::warn("'After' UICallback for script '{}' is not a string, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+				}
+
+				if (scriptObj["UICallback"].HasMember("Destroy"))
+				{
+					if (scriptObj["UICallback"]["Destroy"].IsString())
+						callback.DestroyCallback = scriptObj["UICallback"]["Destroy"].GetString();
+					else
+						spdlog::warn("'Destroy' UICallback for script '{}' is not a string, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+				}
+
+				script.Callbacks.push_back(callback);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				spdlog::warn("UICallback for script '{}' is not an object, skipping...", scriptObj["Path"].GetString());
+			}
+		}
+
+		Scripts.push_back(script);
+
+		spdlog::info("'{}' contains Script '{}'", Name, script.Path);
+	}
+}
+
+void Mod::ParseLocalization(rapidjson_document& json)
+{
+	if (!json.HasMember("Localisation"))
+		return;
+
+	if (!json["Localisation"].IsArray())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("'Localisation' field is not an array, skipping...");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (auto& localisationStr : json["Localisation"].GetArray())
+	{
+		if (!localisationStr.IsString())
+		{
+			// not a string but we still GetString() to log it :trol:
+			spdlog::warn("Localisation '{}' is not a string, skipping...", localisationStr.GetString());
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		LocalisationFiles.push_back(localisationStr.GetString());
+
+		spdlog::info("'{}' registered Localisation '{}'", Name, localisationStr.GetString());
+	}
+}
+
+void Mod::ParseDependencies(rapidjson_document& json)
+{
+	if (!json.HasMember("Dependencies"))
+		return;
+
+	if (!json["Dependencies"].IsObject())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("'Dependencies' field is not an object, skipping...");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (auto v = json["Dependencies"].MemberBegin(); v != json["Dependencies"].MemberEnd(); v++)
+	{
+		if (!v->name.IsString())
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("Dependency constant '{}' is not a string, skipping...", v->name.GetString());
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (!v->value.IsString())
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("Dependency constant '{}' is not a string, skipping...", v->value.GetString());
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (DependencyConstants.find(v->name.GetString()) != DependencyConstants.end() &&
+			v->value.GetString() != DependencyConstants[v->name.GetString()])
+		{
+			// this is fatal because otherwise the mod will probably try to use functions that dont exist,
+			// which will cause errors further down the line that are harder to debug
+			spdlog::error(
+				"'{}' attempted to register a dependency constant '{}' for '{}' that already exists for '{}'. "
+				"Change the constant name.",
+				Name,
+				v->name.GetString(),
+				v->value.GetString(),
+				DependencyConstants[v->name.GetString()]);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (DependencyConstants.find(v->name.GetString()) == DependencyConstants.end())
+			DependencyConstants.emplace(v->name.GetString(), v->value.GetString());
+
+		spdlog::info("'{}' registered dependency constant '{}' for mod '{}'", Name, v->name.GetString(), v->value.GetString());
+	}
+}
+
+void Mod::ParsePluginDependencies(rapidjson_document& json)
+{
+	if (!json.HasMember("PluginDependencies"))
+		return;
+
+	if (!json["PluginDependencies"].IsArray())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("'PluginDependencies' field is not an object, skipping...");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (auto& name : json["PluginDependencies"].GetArray())
+	{
+		if (!name.IsString())
+			continue;
+
+		spdlog::info("Plugin Constant {} defined by {}", name.GetString(), Name);
+
+		PluginDependencyConstants.push_back(name.GetString());
+	}
+}
+
+void Mod::ParseInitScript(rapidjson_document& json)
+{
+	if (!json.HasMember("InitScript"))
+		return;
+
+	if (!json["InitScript"].IsString())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("'InitScript' field is not a string, skipping...");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	initScript = json["InitScript"].GetString();
+}
+
+ModManager::ModManager()
+{
+	// precaculated string hashes
+	// note: use backslashes for these, since we use lexically_normal for file paths which uses them
+	m_hScriptsRsonHash = STR_HASH("scripts\\vscripts\\scripts.rson");
+	m_hPdefHash = STR_HASH(
+		"cfg\\server\\persistent_player_data_version_231.pdef" // this can have multiple versions, but we use 231 so that's what we hash
+	);
+	m_hKBActHash = STR_HASH("scripts\\kb_act.lst");
+
+	LoadMods();
+}
+
+struct Test
+{
+	std::string funcName;
+	ScriptContext context;
+};
+
+template <ScriptContext context> auto ModConCommandCallback_Internal(std::string name, const CCommand& command)
+{
+	if (g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM && g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM)
+	{
+		if (command.ArgC() == 1)
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->AsyncCall(name);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			std::vector<std::string> args;
+			args.reserve(command.ArgC());
+			for (int i = 1; i < command.ArgC(); i++)
+				args.push_back(command.Arg(i));
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->AsyncCall(name, args);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("ConCommand `{}` was called while the associated Squirrel VM `{}` was unloaded", name, GetContextName(context));
+	}
+}
+
+auto ModConCommandCallback(const CCommand& command)
+{
+	ModConCommand* found = nullptr;
+	auto commandString = std::string(command.GetCommandString());
+
+	// Finding the first space to remove the command's name
+	auto firstSpace = commandString.find(' ');
+	if (firstSpace)
+	{
+		commandString = commandString.substr(0, firstSpace);
+	}
+
+	// Find the mod this command belongs to
+	for (auto& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		auto res = std::find_if(
+			mod.ConCommands.begin(),
+			mod.ConCommands.end(),
+			[&commandString](const ModConCommand* other) { return other->Name == commandString; });
+		if (res != mod.ConCommands.end())
+		{
+			found = *res;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	if (!found)
+		return;
+
+	switch (found->Context)
+	{
+	case ScriptContext::CLIENT:
+		ModConCommandCallback_Internal<ScriptContext::CLIENT>(found->Function, command);
+		break;
+	case ScriptContext::SERVER:
+		ModConCommandCallback_Internal<ScriptContext::SERVER>(found->Function, command);
+		break;
+	case ScriptContext::UI:
+		ModConCommandCallback_Internal<ScriptContext::UI>(found->Function, command);
+		break;
+	};
+}
+
+void ModManager::LoadMods()
+{
+	if (m_bHasLoadedMods)
+		UnloadMods();
+
+	std::vector<fs::path> modDirs;
+
+	// ensure dirs exist
+	fs::remove_all(GetCompiledAssetsPath());
+	fs::create_directories(GetModFolderPath());
+	fs::create_directories(GetThunderstoreModFolderPath());
+	fs::create_directories(GetRemoteModFolderPath());
+
+	m_DependencyConstants.clear();
+
+	// read enabled mods cfg
+	std::ifstream enabledModsStream(GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/enabledmods.json");
+	std::stringstream enabledModsStringStream;
+
+	if (!enabledModsStream.fail())
+	{
+		while (enabledModsStream.peek() != EOF)
+			enabledModsStringStream << (char)enabledModsStream.get();
+
+		enabledModsStream.close();
+		m_EnabledModsCfg.Parse<rapidjson::ParseFlag::kParseCommentsFlag | rapidjson::ParseFlag::kParseTrailingCommasFlag>(
+			enabledModsStringStream.str().c_str());
+
+		m_bHasEnabledModsCfg = m_EnabledModsCfg.IsObject();
+	}
+
+	// get mod directories
+	std::filesystem::directory_iterator classicModsDir = fs::directory_iterator(GetModFolderPath());
+	std::filesystem::directory_iterator remoteModsDir = fs::directory_iterator(GetRemoteModFolderPath());
+	std::filesystem::directory_iterator thunderstoreModsDir = fs::directory_iterator(GetThunderstoreModFolderPath());
+
+	for (fs::directory_entry dir : classicModsDir)
+		if (fs::exists(dir.path() / "mod.json"))
+			modDirs.push_back(dir.path());
+
+	// Special case for Thunderstore and remote mods directories
+	// Set up regex for `AUTHOR-MOD-VERSION` pattern
+	std::regex pattern(R"(.*\\([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)-([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+))");
+
+	for (fs::directory_iterator dirIterator : {thunderstoreModsDir, remoteModsDir})
+	{
+		for (fs::directory_entry dir : dirIterator)
+		{
+			fs::path modsDir = dir.path() / "mods"; // Check for mods folder in the Thunderstore mod
+			// Use regex to match `AUTHOR-MOD-VERSION` pattern
+			if (!std::regex_match(dir.path().string(), pattern))
+			{
+				spdlog::warn("The following directory did not match 'AUTHOR-MOD-VERSION': {}", dir.path().string());
+				continue; // skip loading mod that doesn't match
+			}
+			if (fs::exists(modsDir) && fs::is_directory(modsDir))
+			{
+				for (fs::directory_entry subDir : fs::directory_iterator(modsDir))
+				{
+					if (fs::exists(subDir.path() / "mod.json"))
+					{
+						modDirs.push_back(subDir.path());
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (fs::path modDir : modDirs)
+	{
+		// read mod json file
+		std::ifstream jsonStream(modDir / "mod.json");
+		std::stringstream jsonStringStream;
+
+		// fail if no mod json
+		if (jsonStream.fail())
+		{
+			spdlog::warn(
+				"Mod file at '{}' does not exist or could not be read, is it installed correctly?", (modDir / "mod.json").string());
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		while (jsonStream.peek() != EOF)
+			jsonStringStream << (char)jsonStream.get();
+
+		jsonStream.close();
+
+		Mod mod(modDir, (char*)jsonStringStream.str().c_str());
+
+		for (auto& pair : mod.DependencyConstants)
+		{
+			if (m_DependencyConstants.find(pair.first) != m_DependencyConstants.end() && m_DependencyConstants[pair.first] != pair.second)
+			{
+				spdlog::error(
+					"'{}' attempted to register a dependency constant '{}' for '{}' that already exists for '{}'. "
+					"Change the constant name.",
+					mod.Name,
+					pair.first,
+					pair.second,
+					m_DependencyConstants[pair.first]);
+				mod.m_bWasReadSuccessfully = false;
+				break;
+			}
+			if (m_DependencyConstants.find(pair.first) == m_DependencyConstants.end())
+				m_DependencyConstants.emplace(pair);
+		}
+
+		for (std::string& dependency : mod.PluginDependencyConstants)
+		{
+			m_PluginDependencyConstants.insert(dependency);
+		}
+
+		if (m_bHasEnabledModsCfg && m_EnabledModsCfg.HasMember(mod.Name.c_str()))
+			mod.m_bEnabled = m_EnabledModsCfg[mod.Name.c_str()].IsTrue();
+		else
+			mod.m_bEnabled = true;
+
+		if (mod.m_bWasReadSuccessfully)
+		{
+			if (mod.m_bEnabled)
+				spdlog::info("'{}' loaded successfully, version {}", mod.Name, mod.Version);
+			else
+				spdlog::info("'{}' loaded successfully, version {} (DISABLED)", mod.Name, mod.Version);
+
+			m_LoadedMods.push_back(mod);
+		}
+		else
+			spdlog::warn("Mod file at '{}' failed to load", (modDir / "mod.json").string());
+	}
+
+	// sort by load prio, lowest-highest
+	std::sort(m_LoadedMods.begin(), m_LoadedMods.end(), [](Mod& a, Mod& b) { return a.LoadPriority < b.LoadPriority; });
+
+	// This is used to check if some mods have a folder but no entry in enabledmods.json
+	bool newModsDetected = false;
+
+	for (Mod& mod : m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+			continue;
+
+		// Add mod entry to enabledmods.json if it doesn't exist
+		if (!mod.m_bIsRemote && !m_EnabledModsCfg.HasMember(mod.Name.c_str()))
+		{
+			m_EnabledModsCfg.AddMember(rapidjson_document::StringRefType(mod.Name.c_str()), true, m_EnabledModsCfg.GetAllocator());
+			newModsDetected = true;
+		}
+
+		// register convars
+		// for reloads, this is sorta barebones, when we have a good findconvar method, we could probably reset flags and stuff on
+		// preexisting convars note: we don't delete convars if they already exist because they're used for script stuff, unfortunately this
+		// causes us to leak memory on reload, but not much, potentially find a way to not do this at some point
+		for (ModConVar* convar : mod.ConVars)
+		{
+			// make sure convar isn't registered yet, unsure if necessary but idk what
+			// behaviour is for defining same convar multiple times
+			if (!g_pCVar->FindVar(convar->Name.c_str()))
+			{
+				new ConVar(convar->Name.c_str(), convar->DefaultValue.c_str(), convar->Flags, convar->HelpString.c_str());
+			}
+		}
+
+		for (ModConCommand* command : mod.ConCommands)
+		{
+			// make sure command isnt't registered multiple times.
+			if (!g_pCVar->FindCommand(command->Name.c_str()))
+			{
+				ConCommand* newCommand = new ConCommand();
+				std::string funcName = command->Function;
+				RegisterConCommand(command->Name.c_str(), ModConCommandCallback, command->HelpString.c_str(), command->Flags);
+			}
+		}
+
+		// read vpk paths
+		if (fs::exists(mod.m_ModDirectory / "vpk"))
+		{
+			// read vpk cfg
+			std::ifstream vpkJsonStream(mod.m_ModDirectory / "vpk/vpk.json");
+			std::stringstream vpkJsonStringStream;
+
+			bool bUseVPKJson = false;
+			rapidjson::Document dVpkJson;
+
+			if (!vpkJsonStream.fail())
+			{
+				while (vpkJsonStream.peek() != EOF)
+					vpkJsonStringStream << (char)vpkJsonStream.get();
+
+				vpkJsonStream.close();
+				dVpkJson.Parse<rapidjson::ParseFlag::kParseCommentsFlag | rapidjson::ParseFlag::kParseTrailingCommasFlag>(
+					vpkJsonStringStream.str().c_str());
+
+				bUseVPKJson = !dVpkJson.HasParseError() && dVpkJson.IsObject();
+			}
+
+			for (fs::directory_entry file : fs::directory_iterator(mod.m_ModDirectory / "vpk"))
+			{
+				// a bunch of checks to make sure we're only adding dir vpks and their paths are good
+				// note: the game will literally only load vpks with the english prefix
+				if (fs::is_regular_file(file) && file.path().extension() == ".vpk" &&
+					file.path().string().find("english") != std::string::npos &&
+					file.path().string().find(".bsp.pak000_dir") != std::string::npos)
+				{
+					std::string formattedPath = file.path().filename().string();
+
+					// this really fucking sucks but it'll work
+					std::string vpkName = formattedPath.substr(strlen("english"), formattedPath.find(".bsp") - 3);
+
+					ModVPKEntry& modVpk = mod.Vpks.emplace_back();
+					modVpk.m_bAutoLoad = !bUseVPKJson || (dVpkJson.HasMember("Preload") && dVpkJson["Preload"].IsObject() &&
+														  dVpkJson["Preload"].HasMember(vpkName) && dVpkJson["Preload"][vpkName].IsTrue());
+					modVpk.m_sVpkPath = (file.path().parent_path() / vpkName).string();
+
+					if (m_bHasLoadedMods && modVpk.m_bAutoLoad)
+						(*g_pFilesystem)->m_vtable->MountVPK(*g_pFilesystem, vpkName.c_str());
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// read rpak paths
+		if (fs::exists(mod.m_ModDirectory / "paks"))
+		{
+			// read rpak cfg
+			std::ifstream rpakJsonStream(mod.m_ModDirectory / "paks/rpak.json");
+			std::stringstream rpakJsonStringStream;
+
+			bool bUseRpakJson = false;
+			rapidjson::Document dRpakJson;
+
+			if (!rpakJsonStream.fail())
+			{
+				while (rpakJsonStream.peek() != EOF)
+					rpakJsonStringStream << (char)rpakJsonStream.get();
+
+				rpakJsonStream.close();
+				dRpakJson.Parse<rapidjson::ParseFlag::kParseCommentsFlag | rapidjson::ParseFlag::kParseTrailingCommasFlag>(
+					rpakJsonStringStream.str().c_str());
+
+				bUseRpakJson = !dRpakJson.HasParseError() && dRpakJson.IsObject();
+			}
+
+			// read pak aliases
+			if (bUseRpakJson && dRpakJson.HasMember("Aliases") && dRpakJson["Aliases"].IsObject())
+			{
+				for (rapidjson::Value::ConstMemberIterator iterator = dRpakJson["Aliases"].MemberBegin();
+					 iterator != dRpakJson["Aliases"].MemberEnd();
+					 iterator++)
+				{
+					if (!iterator->name.IsString() || !iterator->value.IsString())
+						continue;
+
+					mod.RpakAliases.insert(std::make_pair(iterator->name.GetString(), iterator->value.GetString()));
+				}
+			}
+
+			for (fs::directory_entry file : fs::directory_iterator(mod.m_ModDirectory / "paks"))
+			{
+				// ensure we're only loading rpaks
+				if (fs::is_regular_file(file) && file.path().extension() == ".rpak")
+				{
+					std::string pakName(file.path().filename().string());
+
+					ModRpakEntry& modPak = mod.Rpaks.emplace_back();
+					modPak.m_bAutoLoad =
+						!bUseRpakJson || (dRpakJson.HasMember("Preload") && dRpakJson["Preload"].IsObject() &&
+										  dRpakJson["Preload"].HasMember(pakName) && dRpakJson["Preload"][pakName].IsTrue());
+
+					// postload things
+					if (!bUseRpakJson ||
+						(dRpakJson.HasMember("Postload") && dRpakJson["Postload"].IsObject() && dRpakJson["Postload"].HasMember(pakName)))
+						modPak.m_sLoadAfterPak = dRpakJson["Postload"][pakName].GetString();
+
+					modPak.m_sPakName = pakName;
+
+					// read header of file and get the starpak paths
+					// this is done here as opposed to on starpak load because multiple rpaks can load a starpak
+					// and there is seemingly no good way to tell which rpak is causing the load of a starpak :/
+
+					std::ifstream rpakStream(file.path(), std::ios::binary);
+
+					// seek to the point in the header where the starpak reference size is
+					rpakStream.seekg(0x38, std::ios::beg);
+					int starpaksSize = 0;
+					rpakStream.read((char*)&starpaksSize, 2);
+
+					// seek to just after the header
+					rpakStream.seekg(0x58, std::ios::beg);
+					// read the starpak reference(s)
+					std::vector<char> buf(starpaksSize);
+					rpakStream.read(buf.data(), starpaksSize);
+
+					rpakStream.close();
+
+					// split the starpak reference(s) into strings to hash
+					std::string str = "";
+					for (int i = 0; i < starpaksSize; i++)
+					{
+						// if the current char is null, that signals the end of the current starpak path
+						if (buf[i] != 0x00)
+						{
+							str += buf[i];
+						}
+						else
+						{
+							// only add the string we are making if it isnt empty
+							if (!str.empty())
+							{
+								mod.StarpakPaths.push_back(STR_HASH(str));
+								spdlog::info("Mod {} registered starpak '{}'", mod.Name, str);
+								str = "";
+							}
+						}
+					}
+
+					// not using atm because we need to resolve path to rpak
+					// if (m_hasLoadedMods && modPak.m_bAutoLoad)
+					//	g_pPakLoadManager->LoadPakAsync(pakName.c_str());
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// read keyvalues paths
+		if (fs::exists(mod.m_ModDirectory / "keyvalues"))
+		{
+			for (fs::directory_entry file : fs::recursive_directory_iterator(mod.m_ModDirectory / "keyvalues"))
+			{
+				if (fs::is_regular_file(file))
+				{
+					std::string kvStr =
+						g_pModManager->NormaliseModFilePath(file.path().lexically_relative(mod.m_ModDirectory / "keyvalues"));
+					mod.KeyValues.emplace(STR_HASH(kvStr), kvStr);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// read pdiff
+		if (fs::exists(mod.m_ModDirectory / "mod.pdiff"))
+		{
+			std::ifstream pdiffStream(mod.m_ModDirectory / "mod.pdiff");
+
+			if (!pdiffStream.fail())
+			{
+				std::stringstream pdiffStringStream;
+				while (pdiffStream.peek() != EOF)
+					pdiffStringStream << (char)pdiffStream.get();
+
+				pdiffStream.close();
+
+				mod.Pdiff = pdiffStringStream.str();
+			}
+		}
+
+		// read bink video paths
+		if (fs::exists(mod.m_ModDirectory / "media"))
+		{
+			for (fs::directory_entry file : fs::recursive_directory_iterator(mod.m_ModDirectory / "media"))
+				if (fs::is_regular_file(file) && file.path().extension() == ".bik")
+					mod.BinkVideos.push_back(file.path().filename().string());
+		}
+
+		// try to load audio
+		if (fs::exists(mod.m_ModDirectory / "audio"))
+		{
+			for (fs::directory_entry file : fs::directory_iterator(mod.m_ModDirectory / "audio"))
+			{
+				if (fs::is_regular_file(file) && file.path().extension().string() == ".json")
+				{
+					if (!g_CustomAudioManager.TryLoadAudioOverride(file.path()))
+					{
+						spdlog::warn("Mod {} has an invalid audio def {}", mod.Name, file.path().filename().string());
+						continue;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If there are new mods, we write entries accordingly in enabledmods.json
+	if (newModsDetected)
+	{
+		std::ofstream writeStream(GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/enabledmods.json");
+		rapidjson::OStreamWrapper writeStreamWrapper(writeStream);
+		rapidjson::PrettyWriter<rapidjson::OStreamWrapper> writer(writeStreamWrapper);
+		m_EnabledModsCfg.Accept(writer);
+	}
+
+	// in a seperate loop because we register mod files in reverse order, since mods loaded later should have their files prioritised
+	for (int64_t i = m_LoadedMods.size() - 1; i > -1; i--)
+	{
+		if (!m_LoadedMods[i].m_bEnabled)
+			continue;
+
+		if (fs::exists(m_LoadedMods[i].m_ModDirectory / MOD_OVERRIDE_DIR))
+		{
+			for (fs::directory_entry file : fs::recursive_directory_iterator(m_LoadedMods[i].m_ModDirectory / MOD_OVERRIDE_DIR))
+			{
+				std::string path =
+					g_pModManager->NormaliseModFilePath(file.path().lexically_relative(m_LoadedMods[i].m_ModDirectory / MOD_OVERRIDE_DIR));
+				if (file.is_regular_file() && m_ModFiles.find(path) == m_ModFiles.end())
+				{
+					ModOverrideFile modFile;
+					modFile.m_pOwningMod = &m_LoadedMods[i];
+					modFile.m_Path = path;
+					m_ModFiles.insert(std::make_pair(path, modFile));
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// build modinfo obj for masterserver
+	rapidjson_document modinfoDoc;
+	auto& alloc = modinfoDoc.GetAllocator();
+	modinfoDoc.SetObject();
+	modinfoDoc.AddMember("Mods", rapidjson::kArrayType, alloc);
+
+	int currentModIndex = 0;
+	for (Mod& mod : m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.m_bEnabled || (!mod.RequiredOnClient && !mod.Pdiff.size()))
+			continue;
+
+		modinfoDoc["Mods"].PushBack(rapidjson::kObjectType, modinfoDoc.GetAllocator());
+		modinfoDoc["Mods"][currentModIndex].AddMember("Name", rapidjson::StringRef(&mod.Name[0]), modinfoDoc.GetAllocator());
+		modinfoDoc["Mods"][currentModIndex].AddMember("Version", rapidjson::StringRef(&mod.Version[0]), modinfoDoc.GetAllocator());
+		modinfoDoc["Mods"][currentModIndex].AddMember("RequiredOnClient", mod.RequiredOnClient, modinfoDoc.GetAllocator());
+		modinfoDoc["Mods"][currentModIndex].AddMember("Pdiff", rapidjson::StringRef(&mod.Pdiff[0]), modinfoDoc.GetAllocator());
+
+		currentModIndex++;
+	}
+
+	rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;
+	buffer.Clear();
+	rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer);
+	modinfoDoc.Accept(writer);
+	g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnModInfoJson = std::string(buffer.GetString());
+
+	m_bHasLoadedMods = true;
+}
+
+void ModManager::UnloadMods()
+{
+	// clean up stuff from mods before we unload
+	m_ModFiles.clear();
+	fs::remove_all(GetCompiledAssetsPath());
+
+	g_CustomAudioManager.ClearAudioOverrides();
+
+	if (!m_bHasEnabledModsCfg)
+		m_EnabledModsCfg.SetObject();
+
+	for (Mod& mod : m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		// remove all built kvs
+		for (std::pair<size_t, std::string> kvPaths : mod.KeyValues)
+			fs::remove(GetCompiledAssetsPath() / fs::path(kvPaths.second).lexically_relative(mod.m_ModDirectory));
+
+		mod.KeyValues.clear();
+
+		// write to m_enabledModsCfg
+		// should we be doing this here or should scripts be doing this manually?
+		// main issue with doing this here is when we reload mods for connecting to a server, we write enabled mods, which isn't necessarily
+		// what we wanna do
+		if (!m_EnabledModsCfg.HasMember(mod.Name.c_str()))
+			m_EnabledModsCfg.AddMember(rapidjson_document::StringRefType(mod.Name.c_str()), false, m_EnabledModsCfg.GetAllocator());
+
+		m_EnabledModsCfg[mod.Name.c_str()].SetBool(mod.m_bEnabled);
+	}
+
+	std::ofstream writeStream(GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/enabledmods.json");
+	rapidjson::OStreamWrapper writeStreamWrapper(writeStream);
+	rapidjson::PrettyWriter<rapidjson::OStreamWrapper> writer(writeStreamWrapper);
+	m_EnabledModsCfg.Accept(writer);
+
+	// do we need to dealloc individual entries in m_loadedMods? idk, rework
+	m_LoadedMods.clear();
+}
+
+std::string ModManager::NormaliseModFilePath(const fs::path path)
+{
+	std::string str = path.lexically_normal().string();
+
+	// force to lowercase
+	for (char& c : str)
+		if (c <= 'Z' && c >= 'A')
+			c = c - ('Z' - 'z');
+
+	return str;
+}
+
+void ModManager::CompileAssetsForFile(const char* filename)
+{
+	size_t fileHash = STR_HASH(NormaliseModFilePath(fs::path(filename)));
+
+	if (fileHash == m_hScriptsRsonHash)
+		BuildScriptsRson();
+	else if (fileHash == m_hPdefHash)
+		BuildPdef();
+	else if (fileHash == m_hKBActHash)
+		BuildKBActionsList();
+	else
+	{
+		// check if we should build keyvalues, depending on whether any of our mods have patch kvs for this file
+		for (Mod& mod : m_LoadedMods)
+		{
+			if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+				continue;
+
+			if (mod.KeyValues.find(fileHash) != mod.KeyValues.end())
+			{
+				TryBuildKeyValues(filename);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void ConCommand_reload_mods(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	g_pModManager->LoadMods();
+}
+
+fs::path GetModFolderPath()
+{
+	return fs::path(GetNorthstarPrefix() + MOD_FOLDER_SUFFIX);
+}
+fs::path GetThunderstoreModFolderPath()
+{
+	return fs::path(GetNorthstarPrefix() + THUNDERSTORE_MOD_FOLDER_SUFFIX);
+}
+fs::path GetRemoteModFolderPath()
+{
+	return fs::path(GetNorthstarPrefix() + REMOTE_MOD_FOLDER_SUFFIX);
+}
+fs::path GetCompiledAssetsPath()
+{
+	return fs::path(GetNorthstarPrefix() + COMPILED_ASSETS_SUFFIX);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", ModManager, (ConCommand, MasterServer), (CModule module))
+{
+	g_pModManager = new ModManager;
+
+	RegisterConCommand("reload_mods", ConCommand_reload_mods, "reloads mods", FCVAR_NONE);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/mods/modmanager.h b/primedev/mods/modmanager.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..233f004d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/mods/modmanager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "core/memalloc.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+
+#include "rapidjson/document.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+const std::string MOD_FOLDER_SUFFIX = "\\mods";
+const std::string THUNDERSTORE_MOD_FOLDER_SUFFIX = "\\packages";
+const std::string REMOTE_MOD_FOLDER_SUFFIX = "\\runtime\\remote\\mods";
+const fs::path MOD_OVERRIDE_DIR = "mod";
+const std::string COMPILED_ASSETS_SUFFIX = "\\runtime\\compiled";
+
+const std::set<std::string> MODS_BLACKLIST = {"Mod Settings"};
+
+struct ModConVar
+{
+public:
+	std::string Name;
+	std::string DefaultValue;
+	std::string HelpString;
+	int Flags;
+};
+
+struct ModConCommand
+{
+public:
+	std::string Name;
+	std::string Function;
+	std::string HelpString;
+	ScriptContext Context;
+	int Flags;
+};
+
+struct ModScriptCallback
+{
+public:
+	ScriptContext Context;
+
+	// called before the codecallback is executed
+	std::string BeforeCallback;
+	// called after the codecallback has finished executing
+	std::string AfterCallback;
+	// called right before the vm is destroyed.
+	std::string DestroyCallback;
+};
+
+struct ModScript
+{
+public:
+	std::string Path;
+	std::string RunOn;
+
+	std::vector<ModScriptCallback> Callbacks;
+};
+
+// these are pretty much identical, could refactor to use the same stuff?
+struct ModVPKEntry
+{
+public:
+	bool m_bAutoLoad;
+	std::string m_sVpkPath;
+};
+
+struct ModRpakEntry
+{
+public:
+	bool m_bAutoLoad;
+	std::string m_sPakName;
+	std::string m_sLoadAfterPak;
+};
+
+class Mod
+{
+public:
+	// runtime stuff
+	bool m_bEnabled = true;
+	bool m_bWasReadSuccessfully = false;
+	fs::path m_ModDirectory;
+	bool m_bIsRemote;
+
+	// mod.json stuff:
+
+	// the mod's name
+	std::string Name;
+	// the mod's description
+	std::string Description;
+	// the mod's version, should be in semver
+	std::string Version;
+	// a download link to the mod, for clients that try to join without the mod
+	std::string DownloadLink;
+
+	// whether clients need the mod to join servers running this mod
+	bool RequiredOnClient;
+	// the priority for this mod's files, mods with prio 0 are loaded first, then 1, then 2, etc
+	int LoadPriority;
+
+	// custom scripts used by the mod
+	std::vector<ModScript> Scripts;
+	// convars created by the mod
+	std::vector<ModConVar*> ConVars;
+	// concommands created by the mod
+	std::vector<ModConCommand*> ConCommands;
+	// custom localisation files created by the mod
+	std::vector<std::string> LocalisationFiles;
+	// custom script init.nut
+	std::string initScript;
+
+	// other files:
+
+	std::vector<ModVPKEntry> Vpks;
+	std::unordered_map<size_t, std::string> KeyValues;
+	std::vector<std::string> BinkVideos;
+	std::string Pdiff; // only need one per mod
+
+	std::vector<ModRpakEntry> Rpaks;
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>
+		RpakAliases; // paks we alias to other rpaks, e.g. to load sp_crashsite paks on the map mp_crashsite
+	std::vector<size_t> StarpakPaths; // starpaks that this mod contains
+	// there seems to be no nice way to get the rpak that is causing the load of a starpak?
+	// hashed with STR_HASH
+
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> DependencyConstants;
+	std::vector<std::string> PluginDependencyConstants;
+
+public:
+	Mod(fs::path modPath, char* jsonBuf);
+
+private:
+	void ParseConVars(rapidjson_document& json);
+	void ParseConCommands(rapidjson_document& json);
+	void ParseScripts(rapidjson_document& json);
+	void ParseLocalization(rapidjson_document& json);
+	void ParseDependencies(rapidjson_document& json);
+	void ParsePluginDependencies(rapidjson_document& json);
+	void ParseInitScript(rapidjson_document& json);
+};
+
+struct ModOverrideFile
+{
+public:
+	Mod* m_pOwningMod;
+	fs::path m_Path;
+};
+
+class ModManager
+{
+private:
+	bool m_bHasLoadedMods = false;
+	bool m_bHasEnabledModsCfg;
+	rapidjson_document m_EnabledModsCfg;
+
+	// precalculated hashes
+	size_t m_hScriptsRsonHash;
+	size_t m_hPdefHash;
+	size_t m_hKBActHash;
+
+public:
+	std::vector<Mod> m_LoadedMods;
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, ModOverrideFile> m_ModFiles;
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> m_DependencyConstants;
+	std::unordered_set<std::string> m_PluginDependencyConstants;
+
+public:
+	ModManager();
+	void LoadMods();
+	void UnloadMods();
+	std::string NormaliseModFilePath(const fs::path path);
+	void CompileAssetsForFile(const char* filename);
+
+	// compile asset type stuff, these are done in files under runtime/compiled/
+	void BuildScriptsRson();
+	void TryBuildKeyValues(const char* filename);
+	void BuildPdef();
+	void BuildKBActionsList();
+};
+
+fs::path GetModFolderPath();
+fs::path GetRemoteModFolderPath();
+fs::path GetThunderstoreModFolderPath();
+fs::path GetCompiledAssetsPath();
+
+extern ModManager* g_pModManager;
diff --git a/primedev/mods/modsavefiles.cpp b/primedev/mods/modsavefiles.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68e33864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/mods/modsavefiles.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "modsavefiles.h"
+#include "rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "rapidjson/writer.h"
+#include "rapidjson/stringbuffer.h"
+#include "config/profile.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "rapidjson/error/en.h"
+#include "scripts/scriptjson.h"
+
+SaveFileManager* g_pSaveFileManager;
+int MAX_FOLDER_SIZE = 52428800; // 50MB (50 * 1024 * 1024)
+fs::path savePath;
+
+/// <summary></summary>
+/// <param name="dir">The directory we want the size of.</param>
+/// <param name="file">The file we're excluding from the calculation.</param>
+/// <returns>The size of the contents of the current directory, excluding a specific file.</returns>
+uintmax_t GetSizeOfFolderContentsMinusFile(fs::path dir, std::string file)
+{
+	uintmax_t result = 0;
+	for (const auto& entry : fs::directory_iterator(dir))
+	{
+		if (entry.path().filename() == file)
+			continue;
+		// fs::file_size may not work on directories - but does in some cases.
+		// per cppreference.com, it's "implementation-defined".
+		try
+		{
+			result += fs::file_size(entry.path());
+		}
+		catch (fs::filesystem_error& e)
+		{
+			if (entry.is_directory())
+			{
+				result += GetSizeOfFolderContentsMinusFile(entry.path(), "");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+uintmax_t GetSizeOfFolder(fs::path dir)
+{
+	uintmax_t result = 0;
+	for (const auto& entry : fs::directory_iterator(dir))
+	{
+		// fs::file_size may not work on directories - but does in some cases.
+		// per cppreference.com, it's "implementation-defined".
+		try
+		{
+			result += fs::file_size(entry.path());
+		}
+		catch (fs::filesystem_error& e)
+		{
+			if (entry.is_directory())
+			{
+				result += GetSizeOfFolderContentsMinusFile(entry.path(), "");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+// Saves a file asynchronously.
+template <ScriptContext context> void SaveFileManager::SaveFileAsync(fs::path file, std::string contents)
+{
+	auto mutex = std::ref(fileMutex);
+	std::thread writeThread(
+		[mutex, file, contents]()
+		{
+			try
+			{
+				mutex.get().lock();
+
+				fs::path dir = file.parent_path();
+				// this actually allows mods to go over the limit, but not by much
+				// the limit is to prevent mods from taking gigabytes of space,
+				// we don't need to be particularly strict.
+				if (GetSizeOfFolderContentsMinusFile(dir, file.filename().string()) + contents.length() > MAX_FOLDER_SIZE)
+				{
+					// tbh, you're either trying to fill the hard drive or use so much data, you SHOULD be congratulated.
+					spdlog::error(fmt::format("Mod spamming save requests? Folder limit bypassed despite previous checks. Not saving."));
+					mutex.get().unlock();
+					return;
+				}
+
+				std::ofstream fileStr(file);
+				if (fileStr.fail())
+				{
+					mutex.get().unlock();
+					return;
+				}
+
+				fileStr.write(contents.c_str(), contents.length());
+				fileStr.close();
+
+				mutex.get().unlock();
+				// side-note: this causes a leak?
+				// when a file is added to the map, it's never removed.
+				// no idea how to fix this - because we have no way to check if there are other threads waiting to use this file(?)
+				// tried to use m.try_lock(), but it's unreliable, it seems.
+			}
+			catch (std::exception ex)
+			{
+				spdlog::error("SAVE FAILED!");
+				mutex.get().unlock();
+				spdlog::error(ex.what());
+			}
+		});
+
+	writeThread.detach();
+}
+
+// Loads a file asynchronously.
+template <ScriptContext context> int SaveFileManager::LoadFileAsync(fs::path file)
+{
+	int handle = ++m_iLastRequestHandle;
+	auto mutex = std::ref(fileMutex);
+	std::thread readThread(
+		[mutex, file, handle]()
+		{
+			try
+			{
+				mutex.get().lock();
+
+				std::ifstream fileStr(file);
+				if (fileStr.fail())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("A file was supposed to be loaded but we can't access it?!");
+
+					g_pSquirrel<context>->AsyncCall("NSHandleLoadResult", handle, false, "");
+					mutex.get().unlock();
+					return;
+				}
+
+				std::stringstream stringStream;
+				stringStream << fileStr.rdbuf();
+
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->AsyncCall("NSHandleLoadResult", handle, true, stringStream.str());
+
+				fileStr.close();
+				mutex.get().unlock();
+				// side-note: this causes a leak?
+				// when a file is added to the map, it's never removed.
+				// no idea how to fix this - because we have no way to check if there are other threads waiting to use this file(?)
+				// tried to use m.try_lock(), but it's unreliable, it seems.
+			}
+			catch (std::exception ex)
+			{
+				spdlog::error("LOAD FAILED!");
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->AsyncCall("NSHandleLoadResult", handle, false, "");
+				mutex.get().unlock();
+				spdlog::error(ex.what());
+			}
+		});
+
+	readThread.detach();
+	return handle;
+}
+
+// Deletes a file asynchronously.
+template <ScriptContext context> void SaveFileManager::DeleteFileAsync(fs::path file)
+{
+	// P.S. I don't like how we have to async delete calls but we do.
+	auto m = std::ref(fileMutex);
+	std::thread deleteThread(
+		[m, file]()
+		{
+			try
+			{
+				m.get().lock();
+
+				fs::remove(file);
+
+				m.get().unlock();
+				// side-note: this causes a leak?
+				// when a file is added to the map, it's never removed.
+				// no idea how to fix this - because we have no way to check if there are other threads waiting to use this file(?)
+				// tried to use m.try_lock(), but it's unreliable, it seems.
+			}
+			catch (std::exception ex)
+			{
+				spdlog::error("DELETE FAILED!");
+				m.get().unlock();
+				spdlog::error(ex.what());
+			}
+		});
+
+	deleteThread.detach();
+}
+
+// Checks if a file contains null characters.
+bool ContainsInvalidChars(std::string str)
+{
+	// we don't allow null characters either, even if they're ASCII characters because idk if people can
+	// use it to circumvent the file extension suffix.
+	return std::any_of(str.begin(), str.end(), [](char c) { return c == '\0'; });
+}
+
+// Checks if the relative path (param) remains inside the mod directory (dir).
+// Paths are restricted to ASCII because encoding is fucked and we decided we won't bother.
+bool IsPathSafe(const std::string param, fs::path dir)
+{
+	try
+	{
+		auto const normRoot = fs::weakly_canonical(dir);
+		auto const normChild = fs::weakly_canonical(dir / param);
+
+		auto itr = std::search(normChild.begin(), normChild.end(), normRoot.begin(), normRoot.end());
+		// we return if the file is safe (inside the directory) and uses only ASCII chars in the path.
+		return itr == normChild.begin() && std::none_of(
+											   param.begin(),
+											   param.end(),
+											   [](char c)
+											   {
+												   unsigned char unsignedC = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+												   return unsignedC > 127 || unsignedC < 0;
+											   });
+	}
+	catch (fs::filesystem_error err)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+// void NSSaveFile( string file, string data )
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSSaveFile, "string file, string data", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	Mod* mod = g_pSquirrel<context>->getcallingmod(sqvm);
+	if (mod == nullptr)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, "Has to be called from a mod function!");
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	fs::path dir = savePath / fs::path(mod->m_ModDirectory).filename();
+	std::string fileName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!IsPathSafe(fileName, dir))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"File name invalid ({})! Make sure it does not contain any non-ASCII character, and results in a path inside your mod's "
+				"save folder.",
+				fileName,
+				mod->Name)
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	std::string content = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+	if (ContainsInvalidChars(content))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm, fmt::format("File contents may not contain NUL/\\0 characters! Make sure your strings are valid!", mod->Name).c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	fs::create_directories(dir);
+	// this actually allows mods to go over the limit, but not by much
+	// the limit is to prevent mods from taking gigabytes of space,
+	// this ain't a cloud service.
+	if (GetSizeOfFolderContentsMinusFile(dir, fileName) + content.length() > MAX_FOLDER_SIZE)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"The mod {} has reached the maximum folder size.\n\nAsk the mod developer to optimize their data usage,"
+				"or increase the maximum folder size using the -maxfoldersize launch parameter.",
+				mod->Name)
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	g_pSaveFileManager->SaveFileAsync<context>(dir / fileName, content);
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+// void NSSaveJSONFile(string file, table data)
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSSaveJSONFile, "string file, table data", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	Mod* mod = g_pSquirrel<context>->getcallingmod(sqvm);
+	if (mod == nullptr)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, "Has to be called from a mod function!");
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	fs::path dir = savePath / fs::path(mod->m_ModDirectory).filename();
+	std::string fileName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!IsPathSafe(fileName, dir))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"File name invalid ({})! Make sure it does not contain any non-ASCII character, and results in a path inside your mod's "
+				"save folder.",
+				fileName,
+				mod->Name)
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	// Note - this cannot be done in the async func since the table may get garbage collected.
+	// This means that especially large tables may still clog up the system.
+	std::string content = EncodeJSON<context>(sqvm);
+	if (ContainsInvalidChars(content))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm, fmt::format("File contents may not contain NUL/\\0 characters! Make sure your strings are valid!", mod->Name).c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	fs::create_directories(dir);
+	// this actually allows mods to go over the limit, but not by much
+	// the limit is to prevent mods from taking gigabytes of space,
+	// this ain't a cloud service.
+	if (GetSizeOfFolderContentsMinusFile(dir, fileName) + content.length() > MAX_FOLDER_SIZE)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"The mod {} has reached the maximum folder size.\n\nAsk the mod developer to optimize their data usage,"
+				"or increase the maximum folder size using the -maxfoldersize launch parameter.",
+				mod->Name)
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	g_pSaveFileManager->SaveFileAsync<context>(dir / fileName, content);
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+// int NS_InternalLoadFile(string file)
+ADD_SQFUNC("int", NS_InternalLoadFile, "string file", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	Mod* mod = g_pSquirrel<context>->getcallingmod(sqvm, 1); // the function that called NSLoadFile :)
+	if (mod == nullptr)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, "Has to be called from a mod function!");
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	fs::path dir = savePath / fs::path(mod->m_ModDirectory).filename();
+	std::string fileName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!IsPathSafe(fileName, dir))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"File name invalid ({})! Make sure it does not contain any non-ASCII character, and results in a path inside your mod's "
+				"save folder.",
+				fileName,
+				mod->Name)
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, g_pSaveFileManager->LoadFileAsync<context>(dir / fileName));
+
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// bool NSDoesFileExist(string file)
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSDoesFileExist, "string file", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	Mod* mod = g_pSquirrel<context>->getcallingmod(sqvm);
+
+	fs::path dir = savePath / fs::path(mod->m_ModDirectory).filename();
+	std::string fileName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!IsPathSafe(fileName, dir))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"File name invalid ({})! Make sure it does not contain any non-ASCII character, and results in a path inside your mod's "
+				"save folder.",
+				fileName,
+				mod->Name)
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, fs::exists(dir / (fileName)));
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int NSGetFileSize(string file)
+ADD_SQFUNC("int", NSGetFileSize, "string file", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	Mod* mod = g_pSquirrel<context>->getcallingmod(sqvm);
+
+	fs::path dir = savePath / fs::path(mod->m_ModDirectory).filename();
+	std::string fileName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!IsPathSafe(fileName, dir))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"File name invalid ({})! Make sure it does not contain any non-ASCII character, and results in a path inside your mod's "
+				"save folder.",
+				fileName,
+				mod->Name)
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+	try
+	{
+		// throws if file does not exist
+		// we don't want stuff such as "file does not exist, file is unavailable" to be lethal, so we just try/catch fs errors
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, (int)(fs::file_size(dir / fileName) / 1024));
+	}
+	catch (std::filesystem::filesystem_error const& ex)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("GET FILE SIZE FAILED! Is the path valid?");
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, ex.what());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// void NSDeleteFile(string file)
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSDeleteFile, "string file", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	Mod* mod = g_pSquirrel<context>->getcallingmod(sqvm);
+
+	fs::path dir = savePath / fs::path(mod->m_ModDirectory).filename();
+	std::string fileName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!IsPathSafe(fileName, dir))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"File name invalid ({})! Make sure it does not contain any non-ASCII character, and results in a path inside your mod's "
+				"save folder.",
+				fileName,
+				mod->Name)
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	g_pSaveFileManager->DeleteFileAsync<context>(dir / fileName);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// The param is not optional because that causes issues :)
+ADD_SQFUNC("array<string>", NS_InternalGetAllFiles, "string path", "", ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	// depth 1 because this should always get called from Northstar.Custom
+	Mod* mod = g_pSquirrel<context>->getcallingmod(sqvm, 1);
+	fs::path dir = savePath / fs::path(mod->m_ModDirectory).filename();
+	std::string pathStr = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	fs::path path = dir;
+	if (pathStr != "")
+		path = dir / pathStr;
+	if (!IsPathSafe(pathStr, dir))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"File name invalid ({})! Make sure it does not contain any non-ASCII character, and results in a path inside your mod's "
+				"save folder.",
+				pathStr,
+				mod->Name)
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+	try
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->newarray(sqvm, 0);
+		for (const auto& entry : fs::directory_iterator(path))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, entry.path().filename().string().c_str());
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(sqvm, -2);
+		}
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+	catch (std::exception ex)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("DIR ITERATE FAILED! Is the path valid?");
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, ex.what());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSIsFolder, "string path", "", ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	Mod* mod = g_pSquirrel<context>->getcallingmod(sqvm);
+	fs::path dir = savePath / fs::path(mod->m_ModDirectory).filename();
+	std::string pathStr = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	fs::path path = dir;
+	if (pathStr != "")
+		path = dir / pathStr;
+	if (!IsPathSafe(pathStr, dir))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"File name invalid ({})! Make sure it does not contain any non-ASCII character, and results in a path inside your mod's "
+				"save folder.",
+				pathStr,
+				mod->Name)
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+	try
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, fs::is_directory(path));
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+	catch (std::exception ex)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("DIR READ FAILED! Is the path valid?");
+		spdlog::info(path.string());
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, ex.what());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+}
+
+// side note, expensive.
+ADD_SQFUNC("int", NSGetTotalSpaceRemaining, "", "", ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	Mod* mod = g_pSquirrel<context>->getcallingmod(sqvm);
+	fs::path dir = savePath / fs::path(mod->m_ModDirectory).filename();
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, (MAX_FOLDER_SIZE - GetSizeOfFolder(dir)) / 1024);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// ok, I'm just gonna explain what the fuck is going on here because this
+// is the pinnacle of my stupidity and I do not want to touch this ever
+// again, yet someone will eventually have to maintain this.
+template <ScriptContext context> std::string EncodeJSON(HSquirrelVM* sqvm)
+{
+	// new rapidjson
+	rapidjson_document doc;
+	doc.SetObject();
+
+	// get the SECOND param
+	SQTable* table = sqvm->_stackOfCurrentFunction[2]._VAL.asTable;
+	// take the table and copy it's contents over into the rapidjson_document
+	EncodeJSONTable<context>(table, &doc, doc.GetAllocator());
+
+	// convert JSON document to string
+	rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;
+	rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer);
+	doc.Accept(writer);
+
+	// return the converted string
+	return buffer.GetString();
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", ModSaveFFiles_Init, (CModule module))
+{
+	savePath = fs::path(GetNorthstarPrefix()) / "save_data";
+	g_pSaveFileManager = new SaveFileManager;
+	int parm = CommandLine()->FindParm("-maxfoldersize");
+	if (parm)
+		MAX_FOLDER_SIZE = std::stoi(CommandLine()->GetParm(parm));
+}
+
+int GetMaxSaveFolderSize()
+{
+	return MAX_FOLDER_SIZE;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/mods/modsavefiles.h b/primedev/mods/modsavefiles.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9d39723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/mods/modsavefiles.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#pragma once
+int GetMaxSaveFolderSize();
+bool ContainsInvalidChars(std::string str);
+
+class SaveFileManager
+{
+public:
+	template <ScriptContext context> void SaveFileAsync(fs::path file, std::string content);
+	template <ScriptContext context> int LoadFileAsync(fs::path file);
+	template <ScriptContext context> void DeleteFileAsync(fs::path file);
+	// Future proofed in that if we ever get multi-threaded SSDs this code will take advantage of them.
+	std::mutex fileMutex;
+
+private:
+	int m_iLastRequestHandle = 0;
+};
diff --git a/primedev/ns_version.h b/primedev/ns_version.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d30594fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/ns_version.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+#ifndef NORTHSTAR_VERSION
+// Turning off clang-format here so it doesn't mess with style as it needs to be this way for regex-ing with CI
+// clang-format off
+#define NORTHSTAR_VERSION 0,0,0,1
+// clang-format on
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/pch.h b/primedev/pch.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b9ba0e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/pch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#ifndef PCH_H
+#define PCH_H
+
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS // need this for rapidjson
+#define NOMINMAX // this too
+#define _WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS // temp because i'm very lazy and want to use inet_addr, remove later
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING 1
+
+// add headers that you want to pre-compile here
+#include "core/memalloc.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <psapi.h>
+#include <set>
+#include <map>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+#define EXPORT extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)
+
+typedef void (*callable)();
+typedef void (*callable_v)(void* v);
+
+// clang-format off
+#define assert_msg(exp, msg) assert((exp, msg))
+//clang-format on
+
+#include "core/macros.h"
+
+#include "core/structs.h"
+#include "core/math/color.h"
+
+#include "spdlog/spdlog.h"
+#include "logging/logging.h"
+#include "MinHook.h"
+#include "curl/curl.h"
+#include "core/hooks.h"
+#include "core/memory.h"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/plugins/plugin_abi.h b/primedev/plugins/plugin_abi.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16b26a1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/plugins/plugin_abi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "squirrel/squirrelclasstypes.h"
+
+#define ABI_VERSION 3
+
+enum PluginLoadDLL
+{
+	ENGINE = 0,
+	CLIENT,
+	SERVER
+};
+
+enum ObjectType
+{
+	CONCOMMANDS = 0,
+	CONVAR = 1,
+};
+
+struct SquirrelFunctions
+{
+	RegisterSquirrelFuncType RegisterSquirrelFunc;
+	sq_defconstType __sq_defconst;
+
+	sq_compilebufferType __sq_compilebuffer;
+	sq_callType __sq_call;
+	sq_raiseerrorType __sq_raiseerror;
+	sq_compilefileType __sq_compilefile;
+
+	sq_newarrayType __sq_newarray;
+	sq_arrayappendType __sq_arrayappend;
+
+	sq_newtableType __sq_newtable;
+	sq_newslotType __sq_newslot;
+
+	sq_pushroottableType __sq_pushroottable;
+	sq_pushstringType __sq_pushstring;
+	sq_pushintegerType __sq_pushinteger;
+	sq_pushfloatType __sq_pushfloat;
+	sq_pushboolType __sq_pushbool;
+	sq_pushassetType __sq_pushasset;
+	sq_pushvectorType __sq_pushvector;
+	sq_pushobjectType __sq_pushobject;
+
+	sq_getstringType __sq_getstring;
+	sq_getintegerType __sq_getinteger;
+	sq_getfloatType __sq_getfloat;
+	sq_getboolType __sq_getbool;
+	sq_getType __sq_get;
+	sq_getassetType __sq_getasset;
+	sq_getuserdataType __sq_getuserdata;
+	sq_getvectorType __sq_getvector;
+	sq_getthisentityType __sq_getthisentity;
+	sq_getobjectType __sq_getobject;
+
+	sq_stackinfosType __sq_stackinfos;
+
+	sq_createuserdataType __sq_createuserdata;
+	sq_setuserdatatypeidType __sq_setuserdatatypeid;
+	sq_getfunctionType __sq_getfunction;
+
+	sq_schedule_call_externalType __sq_schedule_call_external;
+
+	sq_getentityfrominstanceType __sq_getentityfrominstance;
+	sq_GetEntityConstantType __sq_GetEntityConstant_CBaseEntity;
+
+	sq_pushnewstructinstanceType __sq_pushnewstructinstance;
+	sq_sealstructslotType __sq_sealstructslot;
+};
+
+struct MessageSource
+{
+	const char* file;
+	const char* func;
+	int line;
+};
+
+// This is a modified version of spdlog::details::log_msg
+// This is so that we can make it cross DLL boundaries
+struct LogMsg
+{
+	int level;
+	uint64_t timestamp;
+	const char* msg;
+	MessageSource source;
+	int pluginHandle;
+};
+
+extern "C"
+{
+	typedef void (*loggerfunc_t)(LogMsg* msg);
+	typedef void (*PLUGIN_RELAY_INVITE_TYPE)(const char* invite);
+	typedef void* (*CreateObjectFunc)(ObjectType type);
+
+	typedef void (*PluginFnCommandCallback_t)(void* command);
+	typedef void (*PluginConCommandConstructorType)(
+		void* newCommand, const char* name, PluginFnCommandCallback_t callback, const char* helpString, int flags, void* parent);
+	typedef void (*PluginConVarRegisterType)(
+		void* pConVar,
+		const char* pszName,
+		const char* pszDefaultValue,
+		int nFlags,
+		const char* pszHelpString,
+		bool bMin,
+		float fMin,
+		bool bMax,
+		float fMax,
+		void* pCallback);
+	typedef void (*PluginConVarMallocType)(void* pConVarMaloc, int a2, int a3);
+}
+
+struct PluginNorthstarData
+{
+	const char* version;
+	HMODULE northstarModule;
+	int pluginHandle;
+};
+
+struct PluginInitFuncs
+{
+	loggerfunc_t logger;
+	PLUGIN_RELAY_INVITE_TYPE relayInviteFunc;
+	CreateObjectFunc createObject;
+};
+
+struct PluginEngineData
+{
+	PluginConCommandConstructorType ConCommandConstructor;
+	PluginConVarMallocType conVarMalloc;
+	PluginConVarRegisterType conVarRegister;
+	void* ConVar_Vtable;
+	void* IConVar_Vtable;
+	void* g_pCVar;
+};
+
+/// <summary> Async communication within the plugin system
+/// Due to the asynchronous nature of plugins, combined with the limitations of multi-compiler support
+/// and the custom memory allocator used by r2, is it difficult to safely get data across DLL boundaries
+/// from Northstar to plugin unless Northstar can own that memory.
+/// This means that plugins should manage their own memory and can only receive data from northstar using one of the functions below.
+/// These should be exports of the plugin DLL. If they are not exported, they will not be called.
+/// Note that it is not required to have these exports if you do not use them.
+/// </summary>
+
+// Northstar -> Plugin
+typedef void (*PLUGIN_INIT_TYPE)(PluginInitFuncs* funcs, PluginNorthstarData* data);
+typedef void (*PLUGIN_INIT_SQVM_TYPE)(SquirrelFunctions* funcs);
+typedef void (*PLUGIN_INFORM_SQVM_CREATED_TYPE)(ScriptContext context, CSquirrelVM* sqvm);
+typedef void (*PLUGIN_INFORM_SQVM_DESTROYED_TYPE)(ScriptContext context);
+
+typedef void (*PLUGIN_INFORM_DLL_LOAD_TYPE)(const char* dll, PluginEngineData* data, void* dllPtr);
+typedef void (*PLUGIN_RUNFRAME)();
diff --git a/primedev/plugins/pluginbackend.cpp b/primedev/plugins/pluginbackend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..850394ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/plugins/pluginbackend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "pluginbackend.h"
+#include "plugin_abi.h"
+#include "server/serverpresence.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "plugins.h"
+
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+
+#include <filesystem>
+
+#define EXPORT extern "C" __declspec(dllexport)
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+PluginCommunicationHandler* g_pPluginCommunicationhandler;
+
+static PluginDataRequest storedRequest {PluginDataRequestType::END, (PluginRespondDataCallable) nullptr};
+
+void PluginCommunicationHandler::RunFrame()
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(requestMutex);
+	if (!requestQueue.empty())
+	{
+		storedRequest = requestQueue.front();
+		switch (storedRequest.type)
+		{
+		default:
+			spdlog::error("{} was called with invalid request type '{}'", __FUNCTION__, static_cast<int>(storedRequest.type));
+		}
+		requestQueue.pop();
+	}
+}
+
+void PluginCommunicationHandler::PushRequest(PluginDataRequestType type, PluginRespondDataCallable func)
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(requestMutex);
+	requestQueue.push(PluginDataRequest {type, func});
+}
+
+void InformPluginsDLLLoad(fs::path dllPath, void* address)
+{
+	std::string dllName = dllPath.filename().string();
+
+	void* data = NULL;
+	if (strncmp(dllName.c_str(), "engine.dll", 10) == 0)
+		data = &g_pPluginCommunicationhandler->m_sEngineData;
+
+	g_pPluginManager->InformDLLLoad(dllName.c_str(), data, address);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/plugins/pluginbackend.h b/primedev/plugins/pluginbackend.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..45cd42f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/plugins/pluginbackend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "plugin_abi.h"
+
+#include <queue>
+#include <mutex>
+
+enum PluginDataRequestType
+{
+	END = 0,
+};
+
+union PluginRespondDataCallable
+{
+	// Empty for now
+	void* UNUSED;
+};
+
+class PluginDataRequest
+{
+public:
+	PluginDataRequestType type;
+	PluginRespondDataCallable func;
+	PluginDataRequest(PluginDataRequestType type, PluginRespondDataCallable func) : type(type), func(func) {}
+};
+
+class PluginCommunicationHandler
+{
+public:
+	void RunFrame();
+	void PushRequest(PluginDataRequestType type, PluginRespondDataCallable func);
+
+public:
+	std::queue<PluginDataRequest> requestQueue = {};
+	std::mutex requestMutex;
+
+	PluginEngineData m_sEngineData {};
+};
+
+void InformPluginsDLLLoad(fs::path dllPath, void* address);
+extern PluginCommunicationHandler* g_pPluginCommunicationhandler;
diff --git a/primedev/plugins/plugins.cpp b/primedev/plugins/plugins.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..72b64566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/plugins/plugins.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+#include "plugins.h"
+#include "config/profile.h"
+
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "plugins.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "server/serverpresence.h"
+#include <optional>
+#include <regex>
+
+#include "util/version.h"
+#include "pluginbackend.h"
+#include "util/wininfo.h"
+#include "logging/logging.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+
+PluginManager* g_pPluginManager;
+
+void freeLibrary(HMODULE hLib)
+{
+	if (!FreeLibrary(hLib))
+	{
+		spdlog::error("There was an error while trying to free library");
+	}
+}
+
+EXPORT void PLUGIN_LOG(LogMsg* msg)
+{
+	spdlog::source_loc src {};
+	src.filename = msg->source.file;
+	src.funcname = msg->source.func;
+	src.line = msg->source.line;
+	auto&& logger = g_pPluginManager->m_vLoadedPlugins[msg->pluginHandle].logger;
+	logger->log(src, (spdlog::level::level_enum)msg->level, msg->msg);
+}
+
+EXPORT void* CreateObject(ObjectType type)
+{
+	switch (type)
+	{
+	case ObjectType::CONVAR:
+		return (void*)new ConVar;
+	case ObjectType::CONCOMMANDS:
+		return (void*)new ConCommand;
+	default:
+		return NULL;
+	}
+}
+
+std::optional<Plugin> PluginManager::LoadPlugin(fs::path path, PluginInitFuncs* funcs, PluginNorthstarData* data)
+{
+
+	Plugin plugin {};
+
+	std::string pathstring = path.string();
+	std::wstring wpath = path.wstring();
+
+	LPCWSTR wpptr = wpath.c_str();
+	HMODULE datafile = LoadLibraryExW(wpptr, 0, LOAD_LIBRARY_AS_DATAFILE | LOAD_LIBRARY_AS_IMAGE_RESOURCE); // Load the DLL as a data file
+	if (datafile == NULL)
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->info("Failed to load library '{}': ", std::system_category().message(GetLastError()));
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	HRSRC manifestResource = FindResourceW(datafile, MAKEINTRESOURCEW(IDR_RCDATA1), RT_RCDATA);
+
+	if (manifestResource == NULL)
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->info("Could not find manifest for library '{}'", pathstring);
+		freeLibrary(datafile);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	HGLOBAL myResourceData = LoadResource(datafile, manifestResource);
+	if (myResourceData == NULL)
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->error("Failed to load manifest from library '{}'", pathstring);
+		freeLibrary(datafile);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	int manifestSize = SizeofResource(datafile, manifestResource);
+	std::string manifest = std::string((const char*)LockResource(myResourceData), 0, manifestSize);
+	freeLibrary(datafile);
+
+	rapidjson_document manifestJSON;
+	manifestJSON.Parse(manifest.c_str());
+
+	if (manifestJSON.HasParseError())
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->error("Manifest for '{}' was invalid", pathstring);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	if (!manifestJSON.HasMember("name"))
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->error("'{}' is missing a name in its manifest", pathstring);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	if (!manifestJSON.HasMember("displayname"))
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->error("'{}' is missing a displayname in its manifest", pathstring);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	if (!manifestJSON.HasMember("description"))
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->error("'{}' is missing a description in its manifest", pathstring);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	if (!manifestJSON.HasMember("api_version"))
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->error("'{}' is missing a api_version in its manifest", pathstring);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	if (!manifestJSON.HasMember("version"))
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->error("'{}' is missing a version in its manifest", pathstring);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	if (!manifestJSON.HasMember("run_on_server"))
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->error("'{}' is missing 'run_on_server' in its manifest", pathstring);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	if (!manifestJSON.HasMember("run_on_client"))
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->error("'{}' is missing 'run_on_client' in its manifest", pathstring);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	auto test = manifestJSON["api_version"].GetString();
+	if (strcmp(manifestJSON["api_version"].GetString(), std::to_string(ABI_VERSION).c_str()))
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->error(
+			"'{}' has an incompatible API version number in its manifest. Current ABI version is '{}'", pathstring, ABI_VERSION);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	// Passed all checks, going to actually load it now
+
+	HMODULE pluginLib =
+		LoadLibraryExW(wpptr, 0, LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_USER_DIRS | LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DEFAULT_DIRS); // Load the DLL with lib folders
+	if (pluginLib == NULL)
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->info("Failed to load library '{}': ", std::system_category().message(GetLastError()));
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	plugin.init = (PLUGIN_INIT_TYPE)GetProcAddress(pluginLib, "PLUGIN_INIT");
+	if (plugin.init == NULL)
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->info("Library '{}' has no function 'PLUGIN_INIT'", pathstring);
+		return std::nullopt;
+	}
+	NS::log::PLUGINSYS->info("Succesfully loaded {}", pathstring);
+
+	plugin.name = manifestJSON["name"].GetString();
+	plugin.displayName = manifestJSON["displayname"].GetString();
+	plugin.description = manifestJSON["description"].GetString();
+	plugin.api_version = manifestJSON["api_version"].GetString();
+	plugin.version = manifestJSON["version"].GetString();
+
+	plugin.run_on_client = manifestJSON["run_on_client"].GetBool();
+	plugin.run_on_server = manifestJSON["run_on_server"].GetBool();
+
+	if (!plugin.run_on_server && IsDedicatedServer())
+		return std::nullopt;
+
+	if (manifestJSON.HasMember("dependencyName"))
+	{
+		plugin.dependencyName = manifestJSON["dependencyName"].GetString();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		plugin.dependencyName = plugin.name;
+	}
+
+	if (std::find_if(
+			plugin.dependencyName.begin(),
+			plugin.dependencyName.end(),
+			[&](char c) -> bool { return !((c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '_'); }) !=
+		plugin.dependencyName.end())
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->warn("Dependency string \"{}\" in {} is not valid a squirrel constant!", plugin.dependencyName, plugin.name);
+	}
+
+	plugin.init_sqvm_client = (PLUGIN_INIT_SQVM_TYPE)GetProcAddress(pluginLib, "PLUGIN_INIT_SQVM_CLIENT");
+	plugin.init_sqvm_server = (PLUGIN_INIT_SQVM_TYPE)GetProcAddress(pluginLib, "PLUGIN_INIT_SQVM_SERVER");
+	plugin.inform_sqvm_created = (PLUGIN_INFORM_SQVM_CREATED_TYPE)GetProcAddress(pluginLib, "PLUGIN_INFORM_SQVM_CREATED");
+	plugin.inform_sqvm_destroyed = (PLUGIN_INFORM_SQVM_DESTROYED_TYPE)GetProcAddress(pluginLib, "PLUGIN_INFORM_SQVM_DESTROYED");
+
+	plugin.inform_dll_load = (PLUGIN_INFORM_DLL_LOAD_TYPE)GetProcAddress(pluginLib, "PLUGIN_INFORM_DLL_LOAD");
+
+	plugin.run_frame = (PLUGIN_RUNFRAME)GetProcAddress(pluginLib, "PLUGIN_RUNFRAME");
+
+	plugin.handle = m_vLoadedPlugins.size();
+	plugin.logger = std::make_shared<ColoredLogger>(plugin.displayName.c_str(), NS::Colors::PLUGIN);
+	RegisterLogger(plugin.logger);
+	NS::log::PLUGINSYS->info("Loading plugin {} version {}", plugin.displayName, plugin.version);
+	m_vLoadedPlugins.push_back(plugin);
+
+	plugin.init(funcs, data);
+
+	return plugin;
+}
+
+inline void FindPlugins(fs::path pluginPath, std::vector<fs::path>& paths)
+{
+	// ensure dirs exist
+	if (!fs::exists(pluginPath) || !fs::is_directory(pluginPath))
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (const fs::directory_entry& entry : fs::directory_iterator(pluginPath))
+	{
+		if (fs::is_regular_file(entry) && entry.path().extension() == ".dll")
+			paths.emplace_back(entry.path());
+	}
+}
+
+bool PluginManager::LoadPlugins()
+{
+	if (strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-noplugins") != NULL)
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->warn("-noplugins detected; skipping loading plugins");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	fs::create_directories(GetThunderstoreModFolderPath());
+
+	std::vector<fs::path> paths;
+
+	pluginPath = GetNorthstarPrefix() + "\\plugins";
+
+	PluginNorthstarData data {};
+	std::string ns_version {version};
+
+	PluginInitFuncs funcs {};
+	funcs.logger = PLUGIN_LOG;
+	funcs.relayInviteFunc = nullptr;
+	funcs.createObject = CreateObject;
+
+	data.version = ns_version.c_str();
+	data.northstarModule = g_NorthstarModule;
+
+	fs::path libPath = fs::absolute(pluginPath + "\\lib");
+	if (fs::exists(libPath) && fs::is_directory(libPath))
+		AddDllDirectory(libPath.wstring().c_str());
+
+	FindPlugins(pluginPath, paths);
+
+	// Special case for Thunderstore mods dir
+	std::filesystem::directory_iterator thunderstoreModsDir = fs::directory_iterator(GetThunderstoreModFolderPath());
+	// Set up regex for `AUTHOR-MOD-VERSION` pattern
+	std::regex pattern(R"(.*\\([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)-([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)-(\d+\.\d+\.\d+))");
+	for (fs::directory_entry dir : thunderstoreModsDir)
+	{
+		fs::path pluginsDir = dir.path() / "plugins";
+		// Use regex to match `AUTHOR-MOD-VERSION` pattern
+		if (!std::regex_match(dir.path().string(), pattern))
+		{
+			spdlog::warn("The following directory did not match 'AUTHOR-MOD-VERSION': {}", dir.path().string());
+			continue; // skip loading package that doesn't match
+		}
+
+		fs::path libDir = fs::absolute(pluginsDir / "lib");
+		if (fs::exists(libDir) && fs::is_directory(libDir))
+			AddDllDirectory(libDir.wstring().c_str());
+
+		FindPlugins(pluginsDir, paths);
+	}
+
+	if (paths.empty())
+	{
+		NS::log::PLUGINSYS->warn("Could not find any plugins. Skipped loading plugins");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	for (fs::path path : paths)
+	{
+		if (LoadPlugin(path, &funcs, &data))
+			data.pluginHandle += 1;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+void PluginManager::InformSQVMLoad(ScriptContext context, SquirrelFunctions* s)
+{
+	for (auto plugin : m_vLoadedPlugins)
+	{
+		if (context == ScriptContext::CLIENT && plugin.init_sqvm_client != NULL)
+		{
+			plugin.init_sqvm_client(s);
+		}
+		else if (context == ScriptContext::SERVER && plugin.init_sqvm_server != NULL)
+		{
+			plugin.init_sqvm_server(s);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void PluginManager::InformSQVMCreated(ScriptContext context, CSquirrelVM* sqvm)
+{
+	for (auto plugin : m_vLoadedPlugins)
+	{
+		if (plugin.inform_sqvm_created != NULL)
+		{
+			plugin.inform_sqvm_created(context, sqvm);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void PluginManager::InformSQVMDestroyed(ScriptContext context)
+{
+	for (auto plugin : m_vLoadedPlugins)
+	{
+		if (plugin.inform_sqvm_destroyed != NULL)
+		{
+			plugin.inform_sqvm_destroyed(context);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void PluginManager::InformDLLLoad(const char* dll, void* data, void* dllPtr)
+{
+	for (auto plugin : m_vLoadedPlugins)
+	{
+		if (plugin.inform_dll_load != NULL)
+		{
+			plugin.inform_dll_load(dll, (PluginEngineData*)data, dllPtr);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void PluginManager::RunFrame()
+{
+	for (auto plugin : m_vLoadedPlugins)
+	{
+		if (plugin.run_frame != NULL)
+		{
+			plugin.run_frame();
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/primedev/plugins/plugins.h b/primedev/plugins/plugins.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4e841f27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/plugins/plugins.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "plugin_abi.h"
+
+const int IDR_RCDATA1 = 101;
+
+class Plugin
+{
+public:
+	std::string name;
+	std::string displayName;
+	std::string dependencyName;
+	std::string description;
+
+	std::string api_version;
+	std::string version;
+
+	// For now this is just implemented as the index into the plugins array
+	// Maybe a bit shit but it works
+	int handle;
+
+	std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> logger;
+
+	bool run_on_client = false;
+	bool run_on_server = false;
+
+public:
+	PLUGIN_INIT_TYPE init;
+	PLUGIN_INIT_SQVM_TYPE init_sqvm_client;
+	PLUGIN_INIT_SQVM_TYPE init_sqvm_server;
+	PLUGIN_INFORM_SQVM_CREATED_TYPE inform_sqvm_created;
+	PLUGIN_INFORM_SQVM_DESTROYED_TYPE inform_sqvm_destroyed;
+
+	PLUGIN_INFORM_DLL_LOAD_TYPE inform_dll_load;
+
+	PLUGIN_RUNFRAME run_frame;
+};
+
+class PluginManager
+{
+public:
+	std::vector<Plugin> m_vLoadedPlugins;
+
+public:
+	bool LoadPlugins();
+	std::optional<Plugin> LoadPlugin(fs::path path, PluginInitFuncs* funcs, PluginNorthstarData* data);
+
+	void InformSQVMLoad(ScriptContext context, SquirrelFunctions* s);
+	void InformSQVMCreated(ScriptContext context, CSquirrelVM* sqvm);
+	void InformSQVMDestroyed(ScriptContext context);
+
+	void InformDLLLoad(const char* dll, void* data, void* dllPtr);
+
+	void RunFrame();
+
+private:
+	std::string pluginPath;
+};
+
+extern PluginManager* g_pPluginManager;
diff --git a/primedev/primelauncher/main.cpp b/primedev/primelauncher/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ae745672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/primelauncher/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,478 @@
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <tlhelp32.h>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <shlwapi.h>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")
+
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <WS2tcpip.h>
+
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+extern "C"
+{
+	__declspec(dllexport) DWORD AmdPowerXpressRequestHighPerformance = 0x00000001;
+	__declspec(dllexport) DWORD NvOptimusEnablement = 0x00000001;
+}
+
+HMODULE hLauncherModule;
+HMODULE hHookModule;
+HMODULE hTier0Module;
+
+wchar_t exePath[4096];
+wchar_t buffer[8192];
+
+DWORD GetProcessByName(std::wstring processName)
+{
+	HANDLE snapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPPROCESS, 0);
+
+	PROCESSENTRY32 processSnapshotEntry = {0};
+	processSnapshotEntry.dwSize = sizeof(PROCESSENTRY32);
+
+	if (snapshot == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!Process32First(snapshot, &processSnapshotEntry))
+		return 0;
+
+	while (Process32Next(snapshot, &processSnapshotEntry))
+	{
+		if (!wcscmp(processSnapshotEntry.szExeFile, processName.c_str()))
+		{
+			CloseHandle(snapshot);
+			return processSnapshotEntry.th32ProcessID;
+		}
+	}
+
+	CloseHandle(snapshot);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+bool GetExePathWide(wchar_t* dest, DWORD destSize)
+{
+	if (!dest)
+		return NULL;
+	if (destSize < MAX_PATH)
+		return NULL;
+
+	DWORD length = GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, dest, destSize);
+	return length && PathRemoveFileSpecW(dest);
+}
+
+FARPROC GetLauncherMain()
+{
+	static FARPROC Launcher_LauncherMain;
+	if (!Launcher_LauncherMain)
+		Launcher_LauncherMain = GetProcAddress(hLauncherModule, "LauncherMain");
+	return Launcher_LauncherMain;
+}
+
+void LibraryLoadError(DWORD dwMessageId, const wchar_t* libName, const wchar_t* location)
+{
+	char text[8192];
+	std::string message = std::system_category().message(dwMessageId);
+
+	sprintf_s(
+		text,
+		"Failed to load the %ls at \"%ls\" (%lu):\n\n%hs\n\nMake sure you followed the Northstar installation instructions carefully "
+		"before reaching out for help.",
+		libName,
+		location,
+		dwMessageId,
+		message.c_str());
+
+	if (dwMessageId == 126 && std::filesystem::exists(location))
+	{
+		sprintf_s(
+			text,
+			"%s\n\nThe file at the specified location DOES exist, so this error indicates that one of its *dependencies* failed to be "
+			"found.\n\nTry the following steps:\n1. Install Visual C++ 2022 Redistributable: "
+			"https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vc_redist.x64.exe\n2. Repair game files",
+			text);
+	}
+	else if (!fs::exists("Titanfall2.exe") && (fs::exists("..\\Titanfall2.exe") || fs::exists("..\\..\\Titanfall2.exe")))
+	{
+		auto curDir = std::filesystem::current_path().filename().string();
+		auto aboveDir = std::filesystem::current_path().parent_path().filename().string();
+		sprintf_s(
+			text,
+			"%s\n\nWe detected that in your case you have extracted the files into a *subdirectory* of your Titanfall 2 "
+			"installation.\nPlease move all the files and folders from current folder (\"%s\") into the Titanfall 2 installation directory "
+			"just above (\"%s\").\n\nPlease try out the above steps by yourself before reaching out to the community for support.",
+			text,
+			curDir.c_str(),
+			aboveDir.c_str());
+	}
+	else if (!fs::exists("Titanfall2.exe"))
+	{
+		sprintf_s(
+			text,
+			"%s\n\nRemember: you need to unpack the contents of this archive into your Titanfall 2 game installation directory, not just "
+			"to any random folder.",
+			text);
+	}
+	else if (fs::exists("Titanfall2.exe"))
+	{
+		sprintf_s(
+			text,
+			"%s\n\nTitanfall2.exe has been found in the current directory: is the game installation corrupted or did you not unpack all "
+			"Northstar files here?",
+			text);
+	}
+
+	MessageBoxA(GetForegroundWindow(), text, "Northstar Launcher Error", 0);
+}
+
+void AwaitOriginStartup()
+{
+	WSADATA wsaData;
+	WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
+	SOCKET sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
+
+	if (sock != INVALID_SOCKET)
+	{
+		const int LSX_PORT = 3216;
+
+		sockaddr_in lsxAddr;
+		lsxAddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+		inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &(lsxAddr.sin_addr));
+		lsxAddr.sin_port = htons(LSX_PORT);
+
+		std::cout << "LSX: connect()" << std::endl;
+		connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&lsxAddr, sizeof(lsxAddr));
+
+		char buf[4096];
+		memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+
+		do
+		{
+			recv(sock, buf, 4096, 0);
+			std::cout << buf << std::endl;
+
+			// honestly really shit, this isn't needed for origin due to being able to check OriginClientService
+			// but for ea desktop we don't have anything like this, so atm we just have to wait to ensure that we start after logging in
+			Sleep(8000);
+		} while (!strstr(buf, "<LSX>")); // ensure we're actually getting data from lsx
+	}
+
+	WSACleanup(); // cleanup sockets and such so game can contact lsx itself
+}
+
+void EnsureOriginStarted()
+{
+	if (GetProcessByName(L"Origin.exe") || GetProcessByName(L"EADesktop.exe"))
+		return; // already started
+
+	// unpacked exe will crash if origin isn't open on launch, so launch it
+	// get origin path from registry, code here is reversed from OriginSDK.dll
+	HKEY key;
+	if (RegOpenKeyExA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\WOW6432Node\\Origin", 0, KEY_READ, &key) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+	{
+		MessageBoxA(0, "Error: failed reading Origin path!", "Northstar Launcher Error", MB_OK);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	char originPath[520];
+	DWORD originPathLength = 520;
+	if (RegQueryValueExA(key, "ClientPath", 0, 0, (LPBYTE)&originPath, &originPathLength) != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+	{
+		MessageBoxA(0, "Error: failed reading Origin path!", "Northstar Launcher Error", MB_OK);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	std::cout << "[*] Starting Origin..." << std::endl;
+
+	PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
+	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
+	STARTUPINFO si;
+	memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
+	si.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);
+	si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;
+	si.wShowWindow = SW_MINIMIZE;
+	CreateProcessA(
+		originPath,
+		(char*)"",
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		false,
+		CREATE_DEFAULT_ERROR_MODE | CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP,
+		NULL,
+		NULL,
+		(LPSTARTUPINFOA)&si,
+		&pi);
+
+	std::cout << "[*] Waiting for Origin..." << std::endl;
+
+	// wait for origin process to boot
+	do
+	{
+		Sleep(500);
+	} while (!GetProcessByName(L"OriginClientService.exe") && !GetProcessByName(L"EADesktop.exe"));
+
+	// wait for origin to be ready to start
+	AwaitOriginStartup();
+
+	CloseHandle(pi.hProcess);
+	CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
+}
+
+void PrependPath()
+{
+	wchar_t* pPath;
+	size_t len;
+	errno_t err = _wdupenv_s(&pPath, &len, L"PATH");
+	if (!err)
+	{
+		swprintf_s(buffer, L"PATH=%s\\bin\\x64_retail\\;%s", exePath, pPath);
+		auto result = _wputenv(buffer);
+		if (result == -1)
+		{
+			MessageBoxW(
+				GetForegroundWindow(),
+				L"Warning: could not prepend the current directory to app's PATH environment variable. Something may break because of "
+				L"that.",
+				L"Northstar Launcher Warning",
+				0);
+		}
+		free(pPath);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		MessageBoxW(
+			GetForegroundWindow(),
+			L"Warning: could not get current PATH environment variable in order to prepend the current directory to it. Something may "
+			L"break because of that.",
+			L"Northstar Launcher Warning",
+			0);
+	}
+}
+
+bool ShouldLoadNorthstar(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-nonorthstardll"))
+			return false;
+
+	auto runNorthstarFile = std::ifstream("run_northstar.txt");
+	if (runNorthstarFile)
+	{
+		std::stringstream runNorthstarFileBuffer;
+		runNorthstarFileBuffer << runNorthstarFile.rdbuf();
+		runNorthstarFile.close();
+		if (runNorthstarFileBuffer.str().starts_with("0"))
+			return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool LoadNorthstar()
+{
+	FARPROC Hook_Init = nullptr;
+	{
+		std::string strProfile = "R2Northstar";
+		char* clachar = strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-profile=");
+		if (clachar)
+		{
+			std::string cla = std::string(clachar);
+			if (strncmp(cla.substr(9, 1).c_str(), "\"", 1))
+			{
+				int space = cla.find(" ");
+				std::string dirname = cla.substr(9, space - 9);
+				std::cout << "[*] Found profile in command line arguments: " << dirname << std::endl;
+				strProfile = dirname.c_str();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				std::string quote = "\"";
+				int quote1 = cla.find(quote);
+				int quote2 = (cla.substr(quote1 + 1)).find(quote);
+				std::string dirname = cla.substr(quote1 + 1, quote2);
+				std::cout << "[*] Found profile in command line arguments: " << dirname << std::endl;
+				strProfile = dirname;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			std::cout << "[*] Profile was not found in command line arguments. Using default: R2Northstar" << std::endl;
+			strProfile = "R2Northstar";
+		}
+
+		// Check if "Northstar.dll" exists in profile directory, if it doesnt fall back to root
+		swprintf_s(buffer, L"%s\\%s\\Northstar.dll", exePath, std::wstring(strProfile.begin(), strProfile.end()).c_str());
+
+		if (!fs::exists(fs::path(buffer)))
+			swprintf_s(buffer, L"%s\\Northstar.dll", exePath);
+
+		std::wcout << L"[*] Using: " << buffer << std::endl;
+
+		hHookModule = LoadLibraryExW(buffer, 0, 8u);
+		if (hHookModule)
+			Hook_Init = GetProcAddress(hHookModule, "InitialiseNorthstar");
+		if (!hHookModule || Hook_Init == nullptr)
+		{
+			LibraryLoadError(GetLastError(), L"Northstar.dll", buffer);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	((bool (*)())Hook_Init)();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+HMODULE LoadDediStub(const char* name)
+{
+	// this works because materialsystem_dx11.dll uses relative imports, and even a DLL loaded with an absolute path will take precedence
+	std::cout << "[*]   Loading " << name << std::endl;
+	swprintf_s(buffer, L"%s\\bin\\x64_dedi\\%hs", exePath, name);
+	HMODULE h = LoadLibraryExW(buffer, 0, LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH);
+	if (!h)
+	{
+		wprintf(L"[*] Failed to load stub %hs from \"%ls\": %hs\n", name, buffer, std::system_category().message(GetLastError()).c_str());
+	}
+	return h;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+
+	if (strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-waitfordebugger"))
+	{
+		while (!IsDebuggerPresent())
+		{
+			// Sleep 100ms to give debugger time to attach.
+			Sleep(100);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!GetExePathWide(exePath, sizeof(exePath)))
+	{
+		MessageBoxA(
+			GetForegroundWindow(),
+			"Failed getting game directory.\nThe game cannot continue and has to exit.",
+			"Northstar Launcher Error",
+			0);
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	SetCurrentDirectoryW(exePath);
+
+	bool noOriginStartup = false;
+	bool dedicated = false;
+	bool nostubs = false;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++)
+		if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-noOriginStartup"))
+			noOriginStartup = true;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-dedicated")) // also checked by Northstar.dll
+			dedicated = true;
+		else if (!strcmp(argv[i], "-nostubs"))
+			nostubs = true;
+
+	if (!noOriginStartup && !dedicated)
+	{
+		EnsureOriginStarted();
+	}
+
+	if (dedicated && !nostubs)
+	{
+		std::cout << "[*] Loading stubs" << std::endl;
+		HMODULE gssao, gtxaa, d3d11;
+		if (!(gssao = GetModuleHandleA("GFSDK_SSAO.win64.dll")) && !(gtxaa = GetModuleHandleA("GFSDK_TXAA.win64.dll")) &&
+			!(d3d11 = GetModuleHandleA("d3d11.dll")))
+		{
+			if (!(gssao = LoadDediStub("GFSDK_SSAO.win64.dll")) || !(gtxaa = LoadDediStub("GFSDK_TXAA.win64.dll")) ||
+				!(d3d11 = LoadDediStub("d3d11.dll")))
+			{
+				if ((!gssao || FreeLibrary(gssao)) && (!gtxaa || FreeLibrary(gtxaa)) && (!d3d11 || FreeLibrary(d3d11)))
+				{
+					std::cout << "[*] WARNING: Failed to load d3d11/gfsdk stubs from bin/x64_dedi. "
+								 "The stubs have been unloaded and the original libraries will be used instead"
+							  << std::endl;
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					// this is highly unlikely
+					MessageBoxA(
+						GetForegroundWindow(),
+						"Failed to load one or more stubs, but could not unload them either.\n"
+						"The game cannot continue and has to exit.",
+						"Northstar Launcher Error",
+						0);
+					return 1;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			// this should never happen
+			std::cout << "[*] WARNING: Failed to load stubs because conflicting modules are already loaded, so those will be used instead "
+						 "(did Northstar initialize too late?)."
+					  << std::endl;
+		}
+	}
+
+	{
+		PrependPath();
+
+		if (!fs::exists("ns_startup_args.txt"))
+		{
+			std::ofstream file("ns_startup_args.txt");
+			std::string defaultArgs = "-multiple";
+			file.write(defaultArgs.c_str(), defaultArgs.length());
+			file.close();
+		}
+		if (!fs::exists("ns_startup_args_dedi.txt"))
+		{
+			std::ofstream file("ns_startup_args_dedi.txt");
+			std::string defaultArgs = "+setplaylist private_match";
+			file.write(defaultArgs.c_str(), defaultArgs.length());
+			file.close();
+		}
+
+		std::cout << "[*] Loading tier0.dll" << std::endl;
+		swprintf_s(buffer, L"%s\\bin\\x64_retail\\tier0.dll", exePath);
+		hTier0Module = LoadLibraryExW(buffer, 0, LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH);
+		if (!hTier0Module)
+		{
+			LibraryLoadError(GetLastError(), L"tier0.dll", buffer);
+			return 1;
+		}
+
+		bool loadNorthstar = ShouldLoadNorthstar(argc, argv);
+		if (loadNorthstar)
+		{
+			std::cout << "[*] Loading Northstar" << std::endl;
+			if (!LoadNorthstar())
+				return 1;
+		}
+		else
+			std::cout << "[*] Going to load the vanilla game" << std::endl;
+
+		std::cout << "[*] Loading launcher.dll" << std::endl;
+		swprintf_s(buffer, L"%s\\bin\\x64_retail\\launcher.dll", exePath);
+		hLauncherModule = LoadLibraryExW(buffer, 0, LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH);
+		if (!hLauncherModule)
+		{
+			LibraryLoadError(GetLastError(), L"launcher.dll", buffer);
+			return 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	std::cout << "[*] Launching the game..." << std::endl;
+	auto LauncherMain = GetLauncherMain();
+	if (!LauncherMain)
+		MessageBoxA(
+			GetForegroundWindow(),
+			"Failed loading launcher.dll.\nThe game cannot continue and has to exit.",
+			"Northstar Launcher Error",
+			0);
+
+	std::cout.flush();
+	return ((int(/*__fastcall*/*)(HINSTANCE, HINSTANCE, LPSTR, int))LauncherMain)(
+		NULL, NULL, NULL, 0); // the parameters aren't really used anyways
+}
diff --git a/primedev/primelauncher/ns_icon.ico b/primedev/primelauncher/ns_icon.ico
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fc9ad166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/primelauncher/ns_icon.ico
diff --git a/primedev/primelauncher/resource1.h b/primedev/primelauncher/resource1.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb584502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/primelauncher/resource1.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//{{NO_DEPENDENCIES}}
+// Microsoft Visual C++ generated include file.
+// Used by resources.rc
+//
+#define IDI_ICON1 101
+
+// Next default values for new objects
+//
+#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
+#ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
+#define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE 102
+#define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE 40001
+#define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE 1001
+#define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE 101
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/primelauncher/resources.rc b/primedev/primelauncher/resources.rc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..43646122
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/primelauncher/resources.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Microsoft Visual C++ generated resource script.
+//
+#include "resource1.h"
+#include "../ns_version.h"
+
+#define APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Generated from the TEXTINCLUDE 2 resource.
+//
+#include "winres.h"
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#undef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// English (United Kingdom) resources
+
+#if !defined(AFX_RESOURCE_DLL) || defined(AFX_TARG_ENG)
+LANGUAGE LANG_ENGLISH, SUBLANG_ENGLISH_UK
+#pragma code_page(1252)
+
+#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// TEXTINCLUDE
+//
+
+1 TEXTINCLUDE 
+BEGIN
+    "resource1.h\0"
+END
+
+2 TEXTINCLUDE 
+BEGIN
+    "#include ""winres.h""\r\n"
+    "\0"
+END
+
+3 TEXTINCLUDE 
+BEGIN
+    "\r\n"
+    "\0"
+END
+
+#endif    // APSTUDIO_INVOKED
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Icon
+//
+
+// Icon with lowest ID value placed first to ensure application icon
+// remains consistent on all systems.
+IDI_ICON1               ICON                    "ns_icon.ico"
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Version
+//
+
+VS_VERSION_INFO VERSIONINFO
+ FILEVERSION NORTHSTAR_VERSION
+ PRODUCTVERSION NORTHSTAR_VERSION
+ FILEFLAGSMASK 0x3fL
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+ FILEFLAGS 0x1L
+#else
+ FILEFLAGS 0x0L
+#endif
+ FILEOS 0x40004L
+ FILETYPE 0x1L
+ FILESUBTYPE 0x0L
+BEGIN
+    BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        BLOCK "080904b0"
+        BEGIN
+            VALUE "CompanyName", "Northstar Developers"
+            VALUE "FileDescription", "Northstar Launcher"
+            VALUE "FileVersion", "DEV"
+            VALUE "InternalName", "NorthstarLauncher.exe"
+            VALUE "LegalCopyright", "Copyright (C) 2021"
+            VALUE "OriginalFilename", "NorthstarLauncher.exe"
+            VALUE "ProductName", "Northstar Launcher"
+            VALUE "ProductVersion", "DEV"
+        END
+    END
+    BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        VALUE "Translation", 0x809, 1200
+    END
+END
+
+#endif    // English (United Kingdom) resources
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+#ifndef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Generated from the TEXTINCLUDE 3 resource.
+//
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#endif    // not APSTUDIO_INVOKED
+
diff --git a/primedev/resource1.h b/primedev/resource1.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb584502
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/resource1.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//{{NO_DEPENDENCIES}}
+// Microsoft Visual C++ generated include file.
+// Used by resources.rc
+//
+#define IDI_ICON1 101
+
+// Next default values for new objects
+//
+#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
+#ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
+#define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE 102
+#define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE 40001
+#define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE 1001
+#define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE 101
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/resources.rc b/primedev/resources.rc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..32739daa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/resources.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Microsoft Visual C++ generated resource script.
+//
+#include "resource1.h"
+#include "../primedev/ns_version.h"
+
+#define APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Generated from the TEXTINCLUDE 2 resource.
+//
+#include "winres.h"
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#undef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
+
+#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// TEXTINCLUDE
+//
+
+1 TEXTINCLUDE 
+BEGIN
+    "resource1.h\0"
+END
+
+2 TEXTINCLUDE 
+BEGIN
+    "#include ""winres.h""\r\n"
+    "\0"
+END
+
+3 TEXTINCLUDE 
+BEGIN
+    "\r\n"
+    "\0"
+END
+
+#endif    // APSTUDIO_INVOKED
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Version
+//
+
+VS_VERSION_INFO VERSIONINFO
+ FILEVERSION NORTHSTAR_VERSION
+ PRODUCTVERSION NORTHSTAR_VERSION
+ FILEFLAGSMASK 0x3fL
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+ FILEFLAGS 0x1L
+#else
+ FILEFLAGS 0x0L
+#endif
+ FILEOS 0x40004L
+ FILETYPE 0x1L
+ FILESUBTYPE 0x0L
+BEGIN
+    BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        BLOCK "080904b0"
+        BEGIN
+            VALUE "CompanyName", "Northstar Developers"
+            VALUE "FileVersion", "DEV"
+            VALUE "InternalName", "Northstar.dll"
+            VALUE "LegalCopyright", "Copyright (C) 2021"
+            VALUE "OriginalFilename", "Northstar.dll"
+            VALUE "ProductVersion", "DEV"
+        END
+    END
+    BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        VALUE "Translation", 0x809, 1200
+    END
+END
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/client/clientchathooks.cpp b/primedev/scripts/client/clientchathooks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e084f47e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/client/clientchathooks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "server/serverchathooks.h"
+#include "client/localchatwriter.h"
+
+#include <rapidjson/document.h>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CHudChat__AddGameLine, client.dll + 0x22E580,
+void, __fastcall, (void* self, const char* message, int inboxId, bool isTeam, bool isDead))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// This hook is called for each HUD, but we only want our logic to run once.
+	if (self != *CHudChat::allHuds)
+		return;
+
+	int senderId = inboxId & CUSTOM_MESSAGE_INDEX_MASK;
+	bool isAnonymous = senderId == 0;
+	bool isCustom = isAnonymous || (inboxId & CUSTOM_MESSAGE_INDEX_BIT);
+
+	// Type is set to 0 for non-custom messages, custom messages have a type encoded as the first byte
+	int type = 0;
+	const char* payload = message;
+	if (isCustom)
+	{
+		type = message[0];
+		payload = message + 1;
+	}
+
+	RemoveAsciiControlSequences(const_cast<char*>(message), true);
+
+	SQRESULT result = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->Call(
+		"CHudChat_ProcessMessageStartThread", static_cast<int>(senderId) - 1, payload, isTeam, isDead, type);
+	if (result == SQRESULT_ERROR)
+		for (CHudChat* hud = *CHudChat::allHuds; hud != NULL; hud = hud->next)
+			CHudChat__AddGameLine(hud, message, inboxId, isTeam, isDead);
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSChatWrite, "int context, string text", "", ScriptContext::CLIENT)
+{
+	int chatContext = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+	const char* str = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+
+	LocalChatWriter((LocalChatWriter::Context)chatContext).Write(str);
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSChatWriteRaw, "int context, string text", "", ScriptContext::CLIENT)
+{
+	int chatContext = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+	const char* str = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+
+	LocalChatWriter((LocalChatWriter::Context)chatContext).InsertText(str);
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSChatWriteLine, "int context, string text", "", ScriptContext::CLIENT)
+{
+	int chatContext = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+	const char* str = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+
+	LocalChatWriter((LocalChatWriter::Context)chatContext).WriteLine(str);
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT("client.dll", ClientChatHooks, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/client/cursorposition.cpp b/primedev/scripts/client/cursorposition.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c0e8623c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/client/cursorposition.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "util/wininfo.h"
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("vector ornull", NSGetCursorPosition, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	RECT rcClient;
+	POINT p;
+	if (GetCursorPos(&p) && ScreenToClient(*g_gameHWND, &p) && GetClientRect(*g_gameHWND, &rcClient))
+	{
+		if (GetAncestor(GetForegroundWindow(), GA_ROOTOWNER) != *g_gameHWND)
+			return SQRESULT_NULL;
+
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushvector(
+			sqvm,
+			{p.x > 0 ? p.x > rcClient.right ? rcClient.right : (float)p.x : 0,
+			 p.y > 0 ? p.y > rcClient.bottom ? rcClient.bottom : (float)p.y : 0,
+			 0});
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, "Failed retrieving cursor position of game window");
+	return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/client/scriptbrowserhooks.cpp b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptbrowserhooks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..86b4a356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptbrowserhooks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+bool* bIsOriginOverlayEnabled;
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(OpenExternalWebBrowser, engine.dll + 0x184E40, 
+void, __fastcall, (char* pUrl, char flags))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	bool bIsOriginOverlayEnabledOriginal = *bIsOriginOverlayEnabled;
+	if (flags & 2 && !strncmp(pUrl, "http", 4)) // custom force external browser flag
+		*bIsOriginOverlayEnabled = false; // if this bool is false, game will use an external browser rather than the origin overlay one
+
+	OpenExternalWebBrowser(pUrl, flags);
+	*bIsOriginOverlayEnabled = bIsOriginOverlayEnabledOriginal;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT("engine.dll", ScriptExternalBrowserHooks, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	bIsOriginOverlayEnabled = module.Offset(0x13978255).RCast<bool*>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/client/scriptmainmenupromos.cpp b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptmainmenupromos.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ecb47af7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptmainmenupromos.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,123 @@
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+
+// mirror this in script
+enum eMainMenuPromoDataProperty
+{
+	newInfoTitle1,
+	newInfoTitle2,
+	newInfoTitle3,
+
+	largeButtonTitle,
+	largeButtonText,
+	largeButtonUrl,
+	largeButtonImageIndex,
+
+	smallButton1Title,
+	smallButton1Url,
+	smallButton1ImageIndex,
+
+	smallButton2Title,
+	smallButton2Url,
+	smallButton2ImageIndex
+};
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSRequestCustomMainMenuPromos, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pMasterServerManager->RequestMainMenuPromos();
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSHasCustomMainMenuPromoData, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushbool(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_bHasMainMenuPromoData);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("var", NSGetCustomMainMenuPromoData, "int promoDataKey", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	if (!g_pMasterServerManager->m_bHasMainMenuPromoData)
+		return SQRESULT_NULL;
+
+	switch (g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->getinteger(sqvm, 1))
+	{
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::newInfoTitle1:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.newInfoTitle1.c_str());
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::newInfoTitle2:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.newInfoTitle2.c_str());
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::newInfoTitle3:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.newInfoTitle3.c_str());
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::largeButtonTitle:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.largeButtonTitle.c_str());
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::largeButtonText:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.largeButtonText.c_str());
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::largeButtonUrl:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.largeButtonUrl.c_str());
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::largeButtonImageIndex:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushinteger(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.largeButtonImageIndex);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::smallButton1Title:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton1Title.c_str());
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::smallButton1Url:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton1Url.c_str());
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::smallButton1ImageIndex:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushinteger(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton1ImageIndex);
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::smallButton2Title:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton2Title.c_str());
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::smallButton2Url:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton2Url.c_str());
+		break;
+	}
+
+	case eMainMenuPromoDataProperty::smallButton2ImageIndex:
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->pushinteger(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sMainMenuPromoData.smallButton2ImageIndex);
+		break;
+	}
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/client/scriptmodmenu.cpp b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptmodmenu.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a88478fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptmodmenu.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("array<string>", NSGetModNames, "", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->newarray(sqvm, 0);
+
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, mod.Name.c_str());
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(sqvm, -2);
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSIsModEnabled, "string modName", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	const SQChar* modName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+
+	// manual lookup, not super performant but eh not a big deal
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.Name.compare(modName))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, mod.m_bEnabled);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSSetModEnabled, "string modName, bool enabled", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	const SQChar* modName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	const SQBool enabled = g_pSquirrel<context>->getbool(sqvm, 2);
+
+	// manual lookup, not super performant but eh not a big deal
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.Name.compare(modName))
+		{
+			mod.m_bEnabled = enabled;
+			return SQRESULT_NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("string", NSGetModDescriptionByModName, "string modName", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	const SQChar* modName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+
+	// manual lookup, not super performant but eh not a big deal
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.Name.compare(modName))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, mod.Description.c_str());
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("string", NSGetModVersionByModName, "string modName", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	const SQChar* modName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+
+	// manual lookup, not super performant but eh not a big deal
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.Name.compare(modName))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, mod.Version.c_str());
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("string", NSGetModDownloadLinkByModName, "string modName", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	const SQChar* modName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+
+	// manual lookup, not super performant but eh not a big deal
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.Name.compare(modName))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, mod.DownloadLink.c_str());
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("int", NSGetModLoadPriority, "string modName", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	const SQChar* modName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+
+	// manual lookup, not super performant but eh not a big deal
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.Name.compare(modName))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, mod.LoadPriority);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSIsModRequiredOnClient, "string modName", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	const SQChar* modName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+
+	// manual lookup, not super performant but eh not a big deal
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.Name.compare(modName))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, mod.RequiredOnClient);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC(
+	"array<string>", NSGetModConvarsByModName, "string modName", "", ScriptContext::SERVER | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	const SQChar* modName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->newarray(sqvm, 0);
+
+	// manual lookup, not super performant but eh not a big deal
+	for (Mod& mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (!mod.Name.compare(modName))
+		{
+			for (ModConVar* cvar : mod.ConVars)
+			{
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, cvar->Name.c_str());
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(sqvm, -2);
+			}
+
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL; // return empty array
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSReloadMods, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pModManager->LoadMods();
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/client/scriptoriginauth.cpp b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptoriginauth.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..420c4872
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptoriginauth.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "client/r2client.h"
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSIsMasterServerAuthenticated, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerDone);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+/*
+global struct MasterServerAuthResult
+{
+	bool success
+	string errorCode
+	string errorMessage
+}
+*/
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("MasterServerAuthResult", NSGetMasterServerAuthResult, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushnewstructinstance(sqvm, 3);
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_bOriginAuthWithMasterServerSuccessful);
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 0);
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOriginAuthWithMasterServerErrorCode.c_str(), -1);
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 1);
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOriginAuthWithMasterServerErrorMessage.c_str(), -1);
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 2);
+
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/client/scriptserverbrowser.cpp b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptserverbrowser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a142c3f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptserverbrowser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "server/auth/serverauthentication.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "client/r2client.h"
+
+// functions for viewing server browser
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSRequestServerList, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pMasterServerManager->RequestServerList();
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSIsRequestingServerList, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_bScriptRequestingServerList);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSMasterServerConnectionSuccessful, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_bSuccessfullyConnected);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("int", NSGetServerCount, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_vRemoteServers.size());
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSClearRecievedServerList, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pMasterServerManager->ClearServerList();
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+// functions for authenticating with servers
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSTryAuthWithServer, "int serverIndex, string password = ''", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	SQInteger serverIndex = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+	const SQChar* password = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+
+	if (serverIndex >= g_pMasterServerManager->m_vRemoteServers.size())
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"Tried to auth with server index {} when only {} servers are available",
+				serverIndex,
+				g_pMasterServerManager->m_vRemoteServers.size())
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	// send off persistent data first, don't worry about server/client stuff, since m_additionalPlayerData should only have entries when
+	// we're a local server note: this seems like it could create a race condition, test later
+	for (auto& pair : g_pServerAuthentication->m_PlayerAuthenticationData)
+		g_pServerAuthentication->WritePersistentData(pair.first);
+
+	// do auth
+	g_pMasterServerManager->AuthenticateWithServer(
+		g_pLocalPlayerUserID,
+		g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnClientAuthToken,
+		g_pMasterServerManager->m_vRemoteServers[serverIndex],
+		(char*)password);
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSIsAuthenticatingWithServer, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_bScriptAuthenticatingWithGameServer);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSWasAuthSuccessful, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_bSuccessfullyAuthenticatedWithGameServer);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSConnectToAuthedServer, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	if (!g_pMasterServerManager->m_bHasPendingConnectionInfo)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm, fmt::format("Tried to connect to authed server before any pending connection info was available").c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	RemoteServerConnectionInfo& info = g_pMasterServerManager->m_pendingConnectionInfo;
+
+	// set auth token, then try to connect
+	// i'm honestly not entirely sure how silentconnect works regarding ports and encryption so using connect for now
+	g_pCVar->FindVar("serverfilter")->SetValue(info.authToken);
+	Cbuf_AddText(
+		Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer(),
+		fmt::format(
+			"connect {}.{}.{}.{}:{}",
+			info.ip.S_un.S_un_b.s_b1,
+			info.ip.S_un.S_un_b.s_b2,
+			info.ip.S_un.S_un_b.s_b3,
+			info.ip.S_un.S_un_b.s_b4,
+			info.port)
+			.c_str(),
+		cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode);
+
+	g_pMasterServerManager->m_bHasPendingConnectionInfo = false;
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSTryAuthWithLocalServer, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	// do auth request
+	g_pMasterServerManager->AuthenticateWithOwnServer(g_pLocalPlayerUserID, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnClientAuthToken);
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSCompleteAuthWithLocalServer, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	// literally just set serverfilter
+	// note: this assumes we have no authdata other than our own
+	if (g_pServerAuthentication->m_RemoteAuthenticationData.size())
+		g_pCVar->FindVar("serverfilter")->SetValue(g_pServerAuthentication->m_RemoteAuthenticationData.begin()->first.c_str());
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("string", NSGetAuthFailReason, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sAuthFailureReason.c_str(), -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("array<ServerInfo>", NSGetGameServers, "", "", ScriptContext::UI)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->newarray(sqvm, 0);
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < g_pMasterServerManager->m_vRemoteServers.size(); i++)
+	{
+		const RemoteServerInfo& remoteServer = g_pMasterServerManager->m_vRemoteServers[i];
+
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushnewstructinstance(sqvm, 11);
+
+		// index
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, i);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 0);
+
+		// id
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, remoteServer.id, -1);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 1);
+
+		// name
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, remoteServer.name, -1);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 2);
+
+		// description
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, remoteServer.description.c_str(), -1);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 3);
+
+		// map
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, remoteServer.map, -1);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 4);
+
+		// playlist
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, remoteServer.playlist, -1);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 5);
+
+		// playerCount
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, remoteServer.playerCount);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 6);
+
+		// maxPlayerCount
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, remoteServer.maxPlayers);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 7);
+
+		// requiresPassword
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, remoteServer.requiresPassword);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 8);
+
+		// region
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, remoteServer.region, -1);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 9);
+
+		// requiredMods
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->newarray(sqvm);
+		for (const RemoteModInfo& mod : remoteServer.requiredMods)
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushnewstructinstance(sqvm, 2);
+
+			// name
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, mod.Name.c_str(), -1);
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 0);
+
+			// version
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, mod.Version.c_str(), -1);
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 1);
+
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(sqvm, -2);
+		}
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->sealstructslot(sqvm, 10);
+
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(sqvm, -2);
+	}
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/client/scriptservertoclientstringcommand.cpp b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptservertoclientstringcommand.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a3a81c8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/client/scriptservertoclientstringcommand.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+
+void ConCommand_ns_script_servertoclientstringcommand(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	if (g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->m_pSQVM)
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->Call("NSClientCodeCallback_RecievedServerToClientStringCommand", arg.ArgS());
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_CLIENT_RELIESON("client.dll", ScriptServerToClientStringCommand, ClientSquirrel, (CModule module))
+{
+	RegisterConCommand(
+		"ns_script_servertoclientstringcommand",
+		ConCommand_ns_script_servertoclientstringcommand,
+		"",
+		FCVAR_CLIENTDLL | FCVAR_SERVER_CAN_EXECUTE);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/scriptdatatables.cpp b/primedev/scripts/scriptdatatables.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..87a26dca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/scriptdatatables.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,909 @@
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "core/filesystem/rpakfilesystem.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+#include "core/filesystem/filesystem.h"
+#include "core/math/vector.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <map>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+const uint64_t USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE = 0xFFF7FFF700000004;
+const uint64_t USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM = 0xFFFCFFFC12345678;
+
+enum class DatatableType : int
+{
+	BOOL = 0,
+	INT,
+	FLOAT,
+	VECTOR,
+	STRING,
+	ASSET,
+	UNK_STRING // unknown but deffo a string type
+};
+
+struct ColumnInfo
+{
+	char* name;
+	DatatableType type;
+	int offset;
+};
+
+struct Datatable
+{
+	int numColumns;
+	int numRows;
+	ColumnInfo* columnInfo;
+	char* data; // actually data pointer
+	int rowInfo;
+};
+
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_prefer_datatable_from_disk;
+
+template <ScriptContext context> Datatable* (*SQ_GetDatatableInternal)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm);
+
+struct CSVData
+{
+	std::string m_sAssetName;
+	std::string m_sCSVString;
+	char* m_pDataBuf;
+	size_t m_nDataBufSize;
+
+	std::vector<char*> columns;
+	std::vector<std::vector<char*>> dataPointers;
+};
+
+std::unordered_map<std::string, CSVData> CSVCache;
+
+Vector3 StringToVector(char* pString)
+{
+	Vector3 vRet;
+
+	int length = 0;
+	while (pString[length])
+	{
+		if ((pString[length] == '<') || (pString[length] == '>'))
+			pString[length] = '\0';
+		length++;
+	}
+
+	int startOfFloat = 1;
+	int currentIndex = 1;
+
+	while (pString[currentIndex] && (pString[currentIndex] != ','))
+		currentIndex++;
+	pString[currentIndex] = '\0';
+	vRet.x = std::stof(&pString[startOfFloat]);
+	startOfFloat = ++currentIndex;
+
+	while (pString[currentIndex] && (pString[currentIndex] != ','))
+		currentIndex++;
+	pString[currentIndex] = '\0';
+	vRet.y = std::stof(&pString[startOfFloat]);
+	startOfFloat = ++currentIndex;
+
+	while (pString[currentIndex] && (pString[currentIndex] != ','))
+		currentIndex++;
+	pString[currentIndex] = '\0';
+	vRet.z = std::stof(&pString[startOfFloat]);
+	startOfFloat = ++currentIndex;
+
+	return vRet;
+}
+
+// var function GetDataTable( asset path )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTable, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	const char* pAssetName;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getasset(sqvm, 2, &pAssetName);
+
+	if (strncmp(pAssetName, "datatable/", 10))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, fmt::format("Asset \"{}\" doesn't start with \"datatable/\"", pAssetName).c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+	else if (!Cvar_ns_prefer_datatable_from_disk->GetBool() && g_pPakLoadManager->LoadFile(pAssetName))
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTable"](sqvm);
+	// either we prefer disk datatables, or we're loading a datatable that wasn't found in rpak
+	else
+	{
+		std::string sAssetPath(fmt::format("scripts/{}", pAssetName));
+
+		// first, check the cache
+		if (CSVCache.find(pAssetName) != CSVCache.end())
+		{
+			CSVData** pUserdata = g_pSquirrel<context>->template createuserdata<CSVData*>(sqvm, sizeof(CSVData*));
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->setuserdatatypeid(sqvm, -1, USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM);
+			*pUserdata = &CSVCache[pAssetName];
+
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+
+		// check files on disk
+		// we don't use .rpak as the extension for on-disk datatables, so we need to replace .rpak with .csv in the filename we're reading
+		fs::path diskAssetPath("scripts");
+		if (fs::path(pAssetName).extension() == ".rpak")
+			diskAssetPath /= fs::path(pAssetName).remove_filename() / (fs::path(pAssetName).stem().string() + ".csv");
+		else
+			diskAssetPath /= fs::path(pAssetName);
+
+		std::string sDiskAssetPath(diskAssetPath.string());
+		if ((*g_pFilesystem)->m_vtable2->FileExists(&(*g_pFilesystem)->m_vtable2, sDiskAssetPath.c_str(), "GAME"))
+		{
+			std::string sTableCSV = ReadVPKFile(sDiskAssetPath.c_str());
+			if (!sTableCSV.size())
+			{
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, fmt::format("Datatable \"{}\" is empty", pAssetName).c_str());
+				return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+			}
+
+			// somewhat shit, but ensure we end with a newline to make parsing easier
+			if (sTableCSV[sTableCSV.length() - 1] != '\n')
+				sTableCSV += '\n';
+
+			CSVData csv;
+			csv.m_sAssetName = pAssetName;
+			csv.m_sCSVString = sTableCSV;
+			csv.m_nDataBufSize = sTableCSV.size();
+			csv.m_pDataBuf = new char[csv.m_nDataBufSize];
+			memcpy(csv.m_pDataBuf, &sTableCSV[0], csv.m_nDataBufSize);
+
+			// parse the csv
+			// csvs are essentially comma and newline-deliniated sets of strings for parsing, only thing we need to worry about is quoted
+			// entries when we parse an element of the csv, rather than allocating an entry for it, we just convert that element to a
+			// null-terminated string i.e., store the ptr to the first char of it, then make the comma that delinates it a nullchar
+
+			bool bHasColumns = false;
+			bool bInQuotes = false;
+
+			std::vector<char*> vCurrentRow;
+			char* pElemStart = csv.m_pDataBuf;
+			char* pElemEnd = nullptr;
+
+			for (int i = 0; i < csv.m_nDataBufSize; i++)
+			{
+				if (csv.m_pDataBuf[i] == '\r' && csv.m_pDataBuf[i + 1] == '\n')
+				{
+					if (!pElemEnd)
+						pElemEnd = csv.m_pDataBuf + i;
+
+					continue; // next iteration can handle the \n
+				}
+
+				// newline, end of a row
+				if (csv.m_pDataBuf[i] == '\n')
+				{
+					// shouldn't have newline in string
+					if (bInQuotes)
+					{
+						g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, "Unexpected \\n in string");
+						return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+					}
+
+					// push last entry to current row
+					if (pElemEnd)
+						*pElemEnd = '\0';
+					else
+						csv.m_pDataBuf[i] = '\0';
+
+					vCurrentRow.push_back(pElemStart);
+
+					// newline, push last line to csv data and go from there
+					if (!bHasColumns)
+					{
+						bHasColumns = true;
+						csv.columns = vCurrentRow;
+					}
+					else
+						csv.dataPointers.push_back(vCurrentRow);
+
+					vCurrentRow.clear();
+					// put start of current element at char after newline
+					pElemStart = csv.m_pDataBuf + i + 1;
+					pElemEnd = nullptr;
+				}
+				// we're starting or ending a quoted string
+				else if (csv.m_pDataBuf[i] == '"')
+				{
+					// start quoted string
+					if (!bInQuotes)
+					{
+						// shouldn't have quoted strings in column names
+						if (!bHasColumns)
+						{
+							g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, "Unexpected \" in column name");
+							return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+						}
+
+						bInQuotes = true;
+						// put start of current element at char after string begin
+						pElemStart = csv.m_pDataBuf + i + 1;
+					}
+					// end quoted string
+					else
+					{
+						pElemEnd = csv.m_pDataBuf + i;
+						bInQuotes = false;
+					}
+				}
+				// don't parse commas in quotes
+				else if (bInQuotes)
+				{
+					continue;
+				}
+				// comma, push new entry to current row
+				else if (csv.m_pDataBuf[i] == ',')
+				{
+					if (pElemEnd)
+						*pElemEnd = '\0';
+					else
+						csv.m_pDataBuf[i] = '\0';
+
+					vCurrentRow.push_back(pElemStart);
+					// put start of next element at char after comma
+					pElemStart = csv.m_pDataBuf + i + 1;
+					pElemEnd = nullptr;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// add to cache and return
+			CSVData** pUserdata = g_pSquirrel<context>->template createuserdata<CSVData*>(sqvm, sizeof(CSVData*));
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->setuserdatatypeid(sqvm, -1, USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM);
+			CSVCache[pAssetName] = csv;
+			*pUserdata = &CSVCache[pAssetName];
+
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+		// the file doesn't exist on disk, check rpak if we haven't already
+		else if (Cvar_ns_prefer_datatable_from_disk->GetBool() && g_pPakLoadManager->LoadFile(pAssetName))
+			return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTable"](sqvm);
+		// the file doesn't exist at all, error
+		else
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, fmt::format("Datatable {} not found", pAssetName).c_str());
+			return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableColumnByName( var datatable, string columnName )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableColumnByName, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableColumnByName"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	const char* pColumnName = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < csv->columns.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if (!strcmp(csv->columns[i], pColumnName))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, i);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// column not found
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableRowCount( var datatable )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableRowCount, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDatatableRowCount"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, csv->dataPointers.size());
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// string function GetDataTableString( var datatable, int row, int col )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableString, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableString"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	const int nRow = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 3);
+	if (nRow >= csv->dataPointers.size() || nCol >= csv->dataPointers[nRow].size())
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"row {} and col {} are outside of range row {} and col {}", nRow, nCol, csv->dataPointers.size(), csv->columns.size())
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, csv->dataPointers[nRow][nCol], -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// asset function GetDataTableAsset( var datatable, int row, int col )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableAsset, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableAsset"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	const int nRow = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 3);
+	if (nRow >= csv->dataPointers.size() || nCol >= csv->dataPointers[nRow].size())
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"row {} and col {} are outside of range row {} and col {}", nRow, nCol, csv->dataPointers.size(), csv->columns.size())
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushasset(sqvm, csv->dataPointers[nRow][nCol], -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableInt( var datatable, int row, int col )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableInt, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableInt"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	const int nRow = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 3);
+	if (nRow >= csv->dataPointers.size() || nCol >= csv->dataPointers[nRow].size())
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"row {} and col {} are outside of range row {} and col {}", nRow, nCol, csv->dataPointers.size(), csv->columns.size())
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, std::stoi(csv->dataPointers[nRow][nCol]));
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// float function GetDataTableFloat( var datatable, int row, int col )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableFloat, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableFloat"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	const int nRow = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 3);
+	if (nRow >= csv->dataPointers.size() || nCol >= csv->dataPointers[nRow].size())
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"row {} and col {} are outside of range row {} and col {}", nRow, nCol, csv->dataPointers.size(), csv->columns.size())
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushfloat(sqvm, std::stof(csv->dataPointers[nRow][nCol]));
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// bool function GetDataTableBool( var datatable, int row, int col )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableBool, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableBool"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	const int nRow = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 3);
+	if (nRow >= csv->dataPointers.size() || nCol >= csv->dataPointers[nRow].size())
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"row {} and col {} are outside of range row {} and col {}", nRow, nCol, csv->dataPointers.size(), csv->columns.size())
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, std::stoi(csv->dataPointers[nRow][nCol]));
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// vector function GetDataTableVector( var datatable, int row, int col )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableVector, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableVector"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	const int nRow = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 3);
+	if (nRow >= csv->dataPointers.size() || nCol >= csv->dataPointers[nRow].size())
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(
+			sqvm,
+			fmt::format(
+				"row {} and col {} are outside of range row {} and col {}", nRow, nCol, csv->dataPointers.size(), csv->columns.size())
+				.c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushvector(sqvm, StringToVector(csv->dataPointers[nRow][nCol]));
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableRowMatchingStringValue( var datatable, int col, string value )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableRowMatchingStringValue, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableRowMatchingStringValue"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const char* pStringVal = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 3);
+	for (int i = 0; i < csv->dataPointers.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if (!strcmp(csv->dataPointers[i][nCol], pStringVal))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, i);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableRowMatchingAssetValue( var datatable, int col, asset value )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableMatchingAssetValue, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableRowMatchingAssetValue"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const char* pStringVal;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getasset(sqvm, 3, &pStringVal);
+	for (int i = 0; i < csv->dataPointers.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if (!strcmp(csv->dataPointers[i][nCol], pStringVal))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, i);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableRowMatchingFloatValue( var datatable, int col, float value )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableRowMatchingFloatValue, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableRowMatchingFloatValue"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const float flFloatVal = g_pSquirrel<context>->getfloat(sqvm, 3);
+	for (int i = 0; i < csv->dataPointers.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if (flFloatVal == std::stof(csv->dataPointers[i][nCol]))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, i);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableRowMatchingIntValue( var datatable, int col, int value )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableRowMatchingIntValue, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableRowMatchingIntValue"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const int nIntVal = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 3);
+	for (int i = 0; i < csv->dataPointers.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if (nIntVal == std::stoi(csv->dataPointers[i][nCol]))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, i);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableRowMatchingVectorValue( var datatable, int col, vector value )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableRowMatchingVectorValue, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableRowMatchingVectorValue"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const Vector3 vVectorVal = g_pSquirrel<context>->getvector(sqvm, 3);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < csv->dataPointers.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if (vVectorVal == StringToVector(csv->dataPointers[i][nCol]))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, i);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableRowGreaterThanOrEqualToIntValue( var datatable, int col, int value )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableRowGreaterThanOrEqualToIntValue, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableRowGreaterThanOrEqualToIntValue"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const int nIntVal = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 3);
+	for (int i = 0; i < csv->dataPointers.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if (nIntVal >= std::stoi(csv->dataPointers[i][nCol]))
+		{
+			spdlog::info("datatable not loaded");
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, 1);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableRowLessThanOrEqualToIntValue( var datatable, int col, int value )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableRowLessThanOrEqualToIntValue, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableRowLessThanOrEqualToIntValue"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const int nIntVal = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 3);
+	for (int i = 0; i < csv->dataPointers.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if (nIntVal <= std::stoi(csv->dataPointers[i][nCol]))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, i);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableRowGreaterThanOrEqualToFloatValue( var datatable, int col, float value )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableRowGreaterThanOrEqualToFloatValue, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableRowGreaterThanOrEqualToFloatValue"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const float flFloatVal = g_pSquirrel<context>->getfloat(sqvm, 3);
+	for (int i = 0; i < csv->dataPointers.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if (flFloatVal >= std::stof(csv->dataPointers[i][nCol]))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, i);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// int function GetDataTableRowLessThanOrEqualToFloatValue( var datatable, int col, float value )
+REPLACE_SQFUNC(GetDataTableRowLessThanOrEqualToFloatValue, (ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER))
+{
+	CSVData** pData;
+	uint64_t typeId;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->getuserdata(sqvm, 2, &pData, &typeId);
+
+	if (typeId != USERDATA_TYPE_DATATABLE_CUSTOM)
+		return g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals["GetDataTableRowLessThanOrEqualToFloatValue"](sqvm);
+
+	CSVData* csv = *pData;
+	int nCol = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const float flFloatVal = g_pSquirrel<context>->getfloat(sqvm, 3);
+	for (int i = 0; i < csv->dataPointers.size(); i++)
+	{
+		if (flFloatVal <= std::stof(csv->dataPointers[i][nCol]))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, i);
+			return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+std::string DataTableToString(Datatable* datatable)
+{
+	std::string sCSVString;
+
+	// write columns
+	bool bShouldComma = false;
+	for (int i = 0; i < datatable->numColumns; i++)
+	{
+		if (bShouldComma)
+			sCSVString += ',';
+		else
+			bShouldComma = true;
+
+		sCSVString += datatable->columnInfo[i].name;
+	}
+
+	// write rows
+	for (int row = 0; row < datatable->numRows; row++)
+	{
+		sCSVString += '\n';
+
+		bool bShouldComma = false;
+		for (int col = 0; col < datatable->numColumns; col++)
+		{
+			if (bShouldComma)
+				sCSVString += ',';
+			else
+				bShouldComma = true;
+
+			// output typed data
+			ColumnInfo column = datatable->columnInfo[col];
+			const void* pUntypedVal = datatable->data + column.offset + row * datatable->rowInfo;
+			switch (column.type)
+			{
+			case DatatableType::BOOL:
+			{
+				sCSVString += *(bool*)pUntypedVal ? '1' : '0';
+				break;
+			}
+
+			case DatatableType::INT:
+			{
+				sCSVString += std::to_string(*(int*)pUntypedVal);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			case DatatableType::FLOAT:
+			{
+				sCSVString += std::to_string(*(float*)pUntypedVal);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			case DatatableType::VECTOR:
+			{
+				Vector3* pVector = (Vector3*)(pUntypedVal);
+				sCSVString += fmt::format("<{},{},{}>", pVector->x, pVector->y, pVector->z);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			case DatatableType::STRING:
+			case DatatableType::ASSET:
+			case DatatableType::UNK_STRING:
+			{
+				sCSVString += fmt::format("\"{}\"", *(char**)pUntypedVal);
+				break;
+			}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sCSVString;
+}
+
+void DumpDatatable(const char* pDatatablePath)
+{
+	Datatable* pDatatable = (Datatable*)g_pPakLoadManager->LoadFile(pDatatablePath);
+	if (!pDatatable)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("couldn't load datatable {} (rpak containing it may not be loaded?)", pDatatablePath);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	std::string sOutputPath(fmt::format("{}/scripts/datatable/{}.csv", g_pModName, fs::path(pDatatablePath).stem().string()));
+	std::string sDatatableContents(DataTableToString(pDatatable));
+
+	fs::create_directories(fs::path(sOutputPath).remove_filename());
+	std::ofstream outputStream(sOutputPath);
+	outputStream.write(sDatatableContents.c_str(), sDatatableContents.size());
+	outputStream.close();
+
+	spdlog::info("dumped datatable {} {} to {}", pDatatablePath, (void*)pDatatable, sOutputPath);
+}
+
+void ConCommand_dump_datatable(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	if (args.ArgC() < 2)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("usage: dump_datatable datatable/tablename.rpak");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	DumpDatatable(args.Arg(1));
+}
+
+void ConCommand_dump_datatables(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	// likely not a comprehensive list, might be missing a couple?
+	static const std::vector<const char*> VANILLA_DATATABLE_PATHS = {
+		"datatable/burn_meter_rewards.rpak",
+		"datatable/burn_meter_store.rpak",
+		"datatable/calling_cards.rpak",
+		"datatable/callsign_icons.rpak",
+		"datatable/camo_skins.rpak",
+		"datatable/default_pilot_loadouts.rpak",
+		"datatable/default_titan_loadouts.rpak",
+		"datatable/faction_leaders.rpak",
+		"datatable/fd_awards.rpak",
+		"datatable/features_mp.rpak",
+		"datatable/non_loadout_weapons.rpak",
+		"datatable/pilot_abilities.rpak",
+		"datatable/pilot_executions.rpak",
+		"datatable/pilot_passives.rpak",
+		"datatable/pilot_properties.rpak",
+		"datatable/pilot_weapons.rpak",
+		"datatable/pilot_weapon_features.rpak",
+		"datatable/pilot_weapon_mods.rpak",
+		"datatable/pilot_weapon_mods_common.rpak",
+		"datatable/playlist_items.rpak",
+		"datatable/titans_mp.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_abilities.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_executions.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_fd_upgrades.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_nose_art.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_passives.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_primary_mods.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_primary_mods_common.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_primary_weapons.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_properties.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_skins.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_voices.rpak",
+		"datatable/unlocks_faction_level.rpak",
+		"datatable/unlocks_fd_titan_level.rpak",
+		"datatable/unlocks_player_level.rpak",
+		"datatable/unlocks_random.rpak",
+		"datatable/unlocks_titan_level.rpak",
+		"datatable/unlocks_weapon_level_pilot.rpak",
+		"datatable/weapon_skins.rpak",
+		"datatable/xp_per_faction_level.rpak",
+		"datatable/xp_per_fd_titan_level.rpak",
+		"datatable/xp_per_player_level.rpak",
+		"datatable/xp_per_titan_level.rpak",
+		"datatable/xp_per_weapon_level.rpak",
+		"datatable/faction_leaders_dropship_anims.rpak",
+		"datatable/score_events.rpak",
+		"datatable/startpoints.rpak",
+		"datatable/sp_levels.rpak",
+		"datatable/community_entries.rpak",
+		"datatable/spotlight_images.rpak",
+		"datatable/death_hints_mp.rpak",
+		"datatable/flightpath_assets.rpak",
+		"datatable/earn_meter_mp.rpak",
+		"datatable/battle_chatter_voices.rpak",
+		"datatable/battle_chatter.rpak",
+		"datatable/titan_os_conversations.rpak",
+		"datatable/faction_dialogue.rpak",
+		"datatable/grunt_chatter_mp.rpak",
+		"datatable/spectre_chatter_mp.rpak",
+		"datatable/pain_death_sounds.rpak",
+		"datatable/caller_ids_mp.rpak"};
+
+	for (const char* datatable : VANILLA_DATATABLE_PATHS)
+		DumpDatatable(datatable);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("server.dll", ServerScriptDatatables, ServerSquirrel, (CModule module))
+{
+	SQ_GetDatatableInternal<ScriptContext::SERVER> = module.Offset(0x1250f0).RCast<Datatable* (*)(HSquirrelVM*)>();
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("client.dll", ClientScriptDatatables, ClientSquirrel, (CModule module))
+{
+	SQ_GetDatatableInternal<ScriptContext::CLIENT> = module.Offset(0x1C9070).RCast<Datatable* (*)(HSquirrelVM*)>();
+	SQ_GetDatatableInternal<ScriptContext::UI> = SQ_GetDatatableInternal<ScriptContext::CLIENT>;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", SharedScriptDataTables, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	Cvar_ns_prefer_datatable_from_disk = new ConVar(
+		"ns_prefer_datatable_from_disk",
+		IsDedicatedServer() && CommandLine()->CheckParm("-nopakdedi") ? "1" : "0",
+		FCVAR_NONE,
+		"whether to prefer loading datatables from disk, rather than rpak");
+
+	RegisterConCommand("dump_datatables", ConCommand_dump_datatables, "dumps all datatables from a hardcoded list", FCVAR_NONE);
+	RegisterConCommand("dump_datatable", ConCommand_dump_datatable, "dump a datatable", FCVAR_NONE);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/scripthttprequesthandler.cpp b/primedev/scripts/scripthttprequesthandler.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa75127a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/scripthttprequesthandler.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+#include "scripthttprequesthandler.h"
+#include "util/version.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+
+HttpRequestHandler* g_httpRequestHandler;
+
+bool IsHttpDisabled()
+{
+	const static bool bIsHttpDisabled = CommandLine()->FindParm("-disablehttprequests");
+	return bIsHttpDisabled;
+}
+
+bool IsLocalHttpAllowed()
+{
+	const static bool bIsLocalHttpAllowed = CommandLine()->FindParm("-allowlocalhttp");
+	return bIsLocalHttpAllowed;
+}
+
+bool DisableHttpSsl()
+{
+	const static bool bDisableHttpSsl = CommandLine()->FindParm("-disablehttpssl");
+	return bDisableHttpSsl;
+}
+
+HttpRequestHandler::HttpRequestHandler()
+{
+	// Cache the launch parameters as early as possible in order to avoid possible exploits that change them at runtime.
+	IsHttpDisabled();
+	IsLocalHttpAllowed();
+	DisableHttpSsl();
+}
+
+void HttpRequestHandler::StartHttpRequestHandler()
+{
+	if (IsRunning())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("%s was called while IsRunning() is true!", __FUNCTION__);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_bIsHttpRequestHandlerRunning = true;
+	spdlog::info("HttpRequestHandler started.");
+}
+
+void HttpRequestHandler::StopHttpRequestHandler()
+{
+	if (!IsRunning())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("%s was called while IsRunning() is false", __FUNCTION__);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	m_bIsHttpRequestHandlerRunning = false;
+	spdlog::info("HttpRequestHandler stopped.");
+}
+
+bool IsHttpDestinationHostAllowed(const std::string& host, std::string& outHostname, std::string& outAddress, std::string& outPort)
+{
+	CURLU* url = curl_url();
+	if (!url)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed to call curl_url() for http request.");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (curl_url_set(url, CURLUPART_URL, host.c_str(), CURLU_DEFAULT_SCHEME) != CURLUE_OK)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed to parse destination URL for http request.");
+
+		curl_url_cleanup(url);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	char* urlHostname = nullptr;
+	if (curl_url_get(url, CURLUPART_HOST, &urlHostname, 0) != CURLUE_OK)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed to parse hostname from destination URL for http request.");
+
+		curl_url_cleanup(url);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	char* urlScheme = nullptr;
+	if (curl_url_get(url, CURLUPART_SCHEME, &urlScheme, CURLU_DEFAULT_SCHEME) != CURLUE_OK)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed to parse scheme from destination URL for http request.");
+
+		curl_url_cleanup(url);
+		curl_free(urlHostname);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	char* urlPort = nullptr;
+	if (curl_url_get(url, CURLUPART_PORT, &urlPort, CURLU_DEFAULT_PORT) != CURLUE_OK)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed to parse port from destination URL for http request.");
+
+		curl_url_cleanup(url);
+		curl_free(urlHostname);
+		curl_free(urlScheme);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Resolve the hostname into an address.
+	addrinfo* result;
+	addrinfo hints;
+	std::memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(addrinfo));
+	hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+
+	if (getaddrinfo(urlHostname, urlScheme, &hints, &result) != 0)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Failed to resolve http request destination {} using getaddrinfo().", urlHostname);
+
+		curl_url_cleanup(url);
+		curl_free(urlHostname);
+		curl_free(urlScheme);
+		curl_free(urlPort);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	bool bFoundIPv6 = false;
+	sockaddr_in* sockaddr_ipv4 = nullptr;
+	for (addrinfo* info = result; info; info = info->ai_next)
+	{
+		if (info->ai_family == AF_INET)
+		{
+			sockaddr_ipv4 = (sockaddr_in*)info->ai_addr;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		bFoundIPv6 = bFoundIPv6 || info->ai_family == AF_INET6;
+	}
+
+	if (sockaddr_ipv4 == nullptr)
+	{
+		if (bFoundIPv6)
+		{
+			spdlog::error("Only IPv4 destinations are supported for HTTP requests. To allow IPv6, launch the game using -allowlocalhttp.");
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			spdlog::error("Failed to resolve http request destination {} into a valid IPv4 address.", urlHostname);
+		}
+
+		curl_free(urlHostname);
+		curl_free(urlScheme);
+		curl_free(urlPort);
+		curl_url_cleanup(url);
+
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Fast checks for private ranges of IPv4.
+	// clang-format off
+	{
+		auto addrBytes = sockaddr_ipv4->sin_addr.S_un.S_un_b;
+
+		if (addrBytes.s_b1 == 10														// 10.0.0.0			- 10.255.255.255		(Class A Private)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 172 && addrBytes.s_b2 >= 16 && addrBytes.s_b2 <= 31	// 172.16.0.0		- 172.31.255.255		(Class B Private)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 192 && addrBytes.s_b2 == 168							// 192.168.0.0		- 192.168.255.255		(Class C Private)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 192 && addrBytes.s_b2 == 0 && addrBytes.s_b3 == 0		// 192.0.0.0		- 192.0.0.255			(IETF Assignment)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 192 && addrBytes.s_b2 == 0 && addrBytes.s_b3 == 2		// 192.0.2.0		- 192.0.2.255			(TEST-NET-1)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 192 && addrBytes.s_b2 == 88 && addrBytes.s_b3 == 99	// 192.88.99.0		- 192.88.99.255			(IPv4-IPv6 Relay)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 192 && addrBytes.s_b2 >= 18 &&	addrBytes.s_b2 <= 19	// 192.18.0.0		- 192.19.255.255		(Internet Benchmark)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 192 && addrBytes.s_b2 == 51 && addrBytes.s_b3 == 100	// 192.51.100.0		- 192.51.100.255		(TEST-NET-2)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 203 && addrBytes.s_b2 == 0 && addrBytes.s_b3 == 113	// 203.0.113.0		- 203.0.113.255			(TEST-NET-3)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 169 && addrBytes.s_b2 == 254							// 169.254.00		- 169.254.255.255		(Link-local/APIPA)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 127													// 127.0.0.0		- 127.255.255.255		(Loopback)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 0														// 0.0.0.0			- 0.255.255.255			(Current network)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 100 && addrBytes.s_b2 >= 64 && addrBytes.s_b2 <= 127	// 100.64.0.0		- 100.127.255.255		(Shared address space)
+			|| sockaddr_ipv4->sin_addr.S_un.S_addr == 0xFFFFFFFF						// 255.255.255.255							(Broadcast)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 >= 224 && addrBytes.s_b2 <= 239							// 224.0.0.0		- 239.255.255.255		(Multicast)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 == 233 && addrBytes.s_b2 == 252 && addrBytes.s_b3 == 0	// 233.252.0.0		- 233.252.0.255			(MCAST-TEST-NET)
+			|| addrBytes.s_b1 >= 240 && addrBytes.s_b4 <= 254)							// 240.0.0.0		- 255.255.255.254		(Future Use Class E)
+		{
+			curl_free(urlHostname);
+			curl_free(urlScheme);
+			curl_free(urlPort);
+			curl_url_cleanup(url);
+
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// clang-format on
+
+	char resolvedStr[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
+	inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sockaddr_ipv4->sin_addr, resolvedStr, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
+
+	// Use the resolved address as the new request host.
+	outHostname = urlHostname;
+	outAddress = resolvedStr;
+	outPort = urlPort;
+
+	freeaddrinfo(result);
+
+	curl_free(urlHostname);
+	curl_free(urlScheme);
+	curl_free(urlPort);
+	curl_url_cleanup(url);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+size_t HttpCurlWriteToStringBufferCallback(char* contents, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void* userp)
+{
+	((std::string*)userp)->append((char*)contents, size * nmemb);
+	return size * nmemb;
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> int HttpRequestHandler::MakeHttpRequest(const HttpRequest& requestParameters)
+{
+	if (!IsRunning())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("%s was called while IsRunning() is false!", __FUNCTION__);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (IsHttpDisabled())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("NS_InternalMakeHttpRequest called while the game is running with -disablehttprequests."
+					 " Please check if requests are allowed using NSIsHttpEnabled() first.");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	bool bAllowLocalHttp = IsLocalHttpAllowed();
+
+	// This handle will be returned to Squirrel so it can wait for the response and assign a callback for it.
+	int handle = ++m_iLastRequestHandle;
+
+	std::thread requestThread(
+		[this, handle, requestParameters, bAllowLocalHttp]()
+		{
+			std::string hostname, resolvedAddress, resolvedPort;
+
+			if (!bAllowLocalHttp)
+			{
+				if (!IsHttpDestinationHostAllowed(requestParameters.baseUrl, hostname, resolvedAddress, resolvedPort))
+				{
+					spdlog::warn(
+						"HttpRequestHandler::MakeHttpRequest attempted to make a request to a private network. This is only allowed when "
+						"running the game with -allowlocalhttp.");
+					g_pSquirrel<context>->AsyncCall(
+						"NSHandleFailedHttpRequest",
+						handle,
+						(int)0,
+						"Cannot make HTTP requests to private network hosts without -allowlocalhttp. Check your console for more "
+						"information.");
+					return;
+				}
+			}
+
+			CURL* curl = curl_easy_init();
+			if (!curl)
+			{
+				spdlog::error("HttpRequestHandler::MakeHttpRequest failed to init libcurl for request.");
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->AsyncCall(
+					"NSHandleFailedHttpRequest", handle, static_cast<int>(CURLE_FAILED_INIT), curl_easy_strerror(CURLE_FAILED_INIT));
+				return;
+			}
+
+			// HEAD has no body.
+			if (requestParameters.method == HttpRequestMethod::HRM_HEAD)
+			{
+				curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NOBODY, 1L);
+			}
+
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, HttpRequestMethod::ToString(requestParameters.method).c_str());
+
+			// Only resolve to IPv4 if we don't allow private network requests.
+			curl_slist* host = nullptr;
+			if (!bAllowLocalHttp)
+			{
+				curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_IPRESOLVE, CURL_IPRESOLVE_V4);
+				host = curl_slist_append(host, fmt::format("{}:{}:{}", hostname, resolvedPort, resolvedAddress).c_str());
+				curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_RESOLVE, host);
+			}
+
+			// Ensure we only allow HTTP or HTTPS.
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS, CURLPROTO_HTTP | CURLPROTO_HTTPS);
+
+			// Allow redirects
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS, 3L);
+
+			// Check if the url already contains a query.
+			// If so, we'll know to append with & instead of start with ?
+			std::string queryUrl = requestParameters.baseUrl;
+			bool bUrlContainsQuery = false;
+
+			// If this fails, just ignore the parsing and trust what the user wants to query.
+			// Probably will fail but handling it here would be annoying.
+			CURLU* curlUrl = curl_url();
+			if (curlUrl)
+			{
+				if (curl_url_set(curlUrl, CURLUPART_URL, queryUrl.c_str(), CURLU_DEFAULT_SCHEME) == CURLUE_OK)
+				{
+					char* currentQuery;
+					if (curl_url_get(curlUrl, CURLUPART_QUERY, &currentQuery, 0) == CURLUE_OK)
+					{
+						if (currentQuery && std::strlen(currentQuery) != 0)
+						{
+							bUrlContainsQuery = true;
+						}
+					}
+
+					curl_free(currentQuery);
+				}
+
+				curl_url_cleanup(curlUrl);
+			}
+
+			// GET requests, or POST-like requests with an empty body, can have query parameters.
+			// Append them to the base url.
+			if (HttpRequestMethod::CanHaveQueryParameters(requestParameters.method) &&
+					!HttpRequestMethod::UsesCurlPostOptions(requestParameters.method) ||
+				requestParameters.body.empty())
+			{
+				bool isFirstValue = true;
+				for (const auto& kv : requestParameters.queryParameters)
+				{
+					char* key = curl_easy_escape(curl, kv.first.c_str(), kv.first.length());
+
+					for (const std::string& queryValue : kv.second)
+					{
+						char* value = curl_easy_escape(curl, queryValue.c_str(), queryValue.length());
+
+						if (isFirstValue && !bUrlContainsQuery)
+						{
+							queryUrl.append(fmt::format("?{}={}", key, value));
+							isFirstValue = false;
+						}
+						else
+						{
+							queryUrl.append(fmt::format("&{}={}", key, value));
+						}
+
+						curl_free(value);
+					}
+
+					curl_free(key);
+				}
+			}
+
+			// If this method uses POST-like curl options, set those and set the body.
+			// The body won't be sent if it's empty anyway, meaning the query parameters above, if any, would be.
+			if (HttpRequestMethod::UsesCurlPostOptions(requestParameters.method))
+			{
+				// Grab the body and set it as a POST field
+				curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POST, 1L);
+
+				curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, requestParameters.body.length());
+				curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COPYPOSTFIELDS, requestParameters.body.c_str());
+			}
+
+			// Set the full URL for this http request.
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, queryUrl.c_str());
+
+			std::string bodyBuffer;
+			std::string headerBuffer;
+
+			// Set up buffers to write the response headers and body.
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, HttpCurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &bodyBuffer);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, HttpCurlWriteToStringBufferCallback);
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, &headerBuffer);
+
+			// Add all the headers for the request.
+			curl_slist* headers = nullptr;
+
+			// Content-Type header for POST-like requests.
+			if (HttpRequestMethod::UsesCurlPostOptions(requestParameters.method) && !requestParameters.body.empty())
+			{
+				headers = curl_slist_append(headers, fmt::format("Content-Type: {}", requestParameters.contentType).c_str());
+			}
+
+			for (const auto& kv : requestParameters.headers)
+			{
+				for (const std::string& headerValue : kv.second)
+				{
+					headers = curl_slist_append(headers, fmt::format("{}: {}", kv.first, headerValue).c_str());
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (headers != nullptr)
+			{
+				curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);
+			}
+
+			// Disable SSL checks if requested by the user.
+			if (DisableHttpSsl())
+			{
+				curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYHOST, 0L);
+				curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYSTATUS, 0L);
+			}
+
+			// Enforce the Northstar user agent, unless an override was specified.
+			if (requestParameters.userAgent.empty())
+			{
+				curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, &NSUserAgent);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_USERAGENT, requestParameters.userAgent.c_str());
+			}
+
+			// Set the timeout for this request. Max 60 seconds so mods can't just spin up native threads all the time.
+			curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, std::clamp<long>(requestParameters.timeout, 1, 60));
+
+			CURLcode result = curl_easy_perform(curl);
+			if (IsRunning())
+			{
+				if (result == CURLE_OK)
+				{
+					// While the curl request is OK, it could return a non success code.
+					// Squirrel side will handle firing the correct callback.
+					long httpCode = 0;
+					curl_easy_getinfo(curl, CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &httpCode);
+					g_pSquirrel<context>->AsyncCall(
+						"NSHandleSuccessfulHttpRequest", handle, static_cast<int>(httpCode), bodyBuffer, headerBuffer);
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					// Pass CURL result code & error.
+					spdlog::error(
+						"curl_easy_perform() failed with code {}, error: {}", static_cast<int>(result), curl_easy_strerror(result));
+
+					// If it's an SSL issue, tell the user they may disable SSL checks using -disablehttpssl.
+					if (result == CURLE_PEER_FAILED_VERIFICATION || result == CURLE_SSL_CERTPROBLEM ||
+						result == CURLE_SSL_INVALIDCERTSTATUS)
+					{
+						spdlog::error("You can try disabling SSL verifications for this issue using the -disablehttpssl launch argument. "
+									  "Keep in mind this is potentially dangerous!");
+					}
+
+					g_pSquirrel<context>->AsyncCall(
+						"NSHandleFailedHttpRequest", handle, static_cast<int>(result), curl_easy_strerror(result));
+				}
+			}
+
+			curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
+			curl_slist_free_all(headers);
+			curl_slist_free_all(host);
+		});
+
+	requestThread.detach();
+	return handle;
+}
+
+// int NS_InternalMakeHttpRequest(int method, string baseUrl, table<string, string> headers, table<string, string> queryParams,
+//	string contentType, string body, int timeout, string userAgent)
+template <ScriptContext context> SQRESULT SQ_InternalMakeHttpRequest(HSquirrelVM* sqvm)
+{
+	if (!g_httpRequestHandler || !g_httpRequestHandler->IsRunning())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("NS_InternalMakeHttpRequest called while the http request handler isn't running.");
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+
+	if (IsHttpDisabled())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("NS_InternalMakeHttpRequest called while the game is running with -disablehttprequests."
+					 " Please check if requests are allowed using NSIsHttpEnabled() first.");
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, -1);
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+
+	HttpRequest request;
+	request.method = static_cast<HttpRequestMethod::Type>(g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 1));
+	request.baseUrl = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+
+	// Read the tables for headers and query parameters.
+	SQTable* headerTable = sqvm->_stackOfCurrentFunction[3]._VAL.asTable;
+	for (int idx = 0; idx < headerTable->_numOfNodes; ++idx)
+	{
+		tableNode* node = &headerTable->_nodes[idx];
+
+		if (node->key._Type == OT_STRING && node->val._Type == OT_ARRAY)
+		{
+			SQArray* valueArray = node->val._VAL.asArray;
+			std::vector<std::string> headerValues;
+
+			for (int vIdx = 0; vIdx < valueArray->_usedSlots; ++vIdx)
+			{
+				if (valueArray->_values[vIdx]._Type == OT_STRING)
+				{
+					headerValues.push_back(valueArray->_values[vIdx]._VAL.asString->_val);
+				}
+			}
+
+			request.headers[node->key._VAL.asString->_val] = headerValues;
+		}
+	}
+
+	SQTable* queryTable = sqvm->_stackOfCurrentFunction[4]._VAL.asTable;
+	for (int idx = 0; idx < queryTable->_numOfNodes; ++idx)
+	{
+		tableNode* node = &queryTable->_nodes[idx];
+
+		if (node->key._Type == OT_STRING && node->val._Type == OT_ARRAY)
+		{
+			SQArray* valueArray = node->val._VAL.asArray;
+			std::vector<std::string> queryValues;
+
+			for (int vIdx = 0; vIdx < valueArray->_usedSlots; ++vIdx)
+			{
+				if (valueArray->_values[vIdx]._Type == OT_STRING)
+				{
+					queryValues.push_back(valueArray->_values[vIdx]._VAL.asString->_val);
+				}
+			}
+
+			request.queryParameters[node->key._VAL.asString->_val] = queryValues;
+		}
+	}
+
+	request.contentType = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 5);
+	request.body = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 6);
+	request.timeout = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 7);
+	request.userAgent = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 8);
+
+	int handle = g_httpRequestHandler->MakeHttpRequest<context>(request);
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, handle);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// bool NSIsHttpEnabled()
+template <ScriptContext context> SQRESULT SQ_IsHttpEnabled(HSquirrelVM* sqvm)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, !IsHttpDisabled());
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// bool NSIsLocalHttpAllowed()
+template <ScriptContext context> SQRESULT SQ_IsLocalHttpAllowed(HSquirrelVM* sqvm)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, IsLocalHttpAllowed());
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void HttpRequestHandler::RegisterSQFuncs()
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->AddFuncRegistration(
+		"int",
+		"NS_InternalMakeHttpRequest",
+		"int method, string baseUrl, table<string, array<string> > headers, table<string, array<string> > queryParams, string contentType, "
+		"string body, "
+		"int timeout, string userAgent",
+		"[Internal use only] Passes the HttpRequest struct fields to be reconstructed in native and used for an http request",
+		SQ_InternalMakeHttpRequest<context>);
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->AddFuncRegistration(
+		"bool",
+		"NSIsHttpEnabled",
+		"",
+		"Whether or not HTTP requests are enabled. You can opt-out by starting the game with -disablehttprequests.",
+		SQ_IsHttpEnabled<context>);
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->AddFuncRegistration(
+		"bool",
+		"NSIsLocalHttpAllowed",
+		"",
+		"Whether or not HTTP requests can be made to a private network address. You can enable this by starting the game with "
+		"-allowlocalhttp.",
+		SQ_IsLocalHttpAllowed<context>);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("client.dll", HttpRequestHandler_ClientInit, ClientSquirrel, (CModule module))
+{
+	g_httpRequestHandler->RegisterSQFuncs<ScriptContext::CLIENT>();
+	g_httpRequestHandler->RegisterSQFuncs<ScriptContext::UI>();
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("server.dll", HttpRequestHandler_ServerInit, ServerSquirrel, (CModule module))
+{
+	g_httpRequestHandler->RegisterSQFuncs<ScriptContext::SERVER>();
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", HttpRequestHandler_Init, (CModule module))
+{
+	g_httpRequestHandler = new HttpRequestHandler;
+	g_httpRequestHandler->StartHttpRequestHandler();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/scripthttprequesthandler.h b/primedev/scripts/scripthttprequesthandler.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f3921f4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/scripthttprequesthandler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#pragma once
+
+enum class ScriptContext;
+
+// These definitions below should match on the Squirrel side so we can easily pass them along through a function.
+
+/**
+ * Allowed methods for an HttpRequest.
+ */
+namespace HttpRequestMethod
+{
+	enum Type
+	{
+		HRM_GET = 0,
+		HRM_POST = 1,
+		HRM_HEAD = 2,
+		HRM_PUT = 3,
+		HRM_DELETE = 4,
+		HRM_PATCH = 5,
+		HRM_OPTIONS = 6,
+	};
+
+	/** Returns the HTTP string representation of the given method. */
+	inline std::string ToString(HttpRequestMethod::Type method)
+	{
+		switch (method)
+		{
+		case HttpRequestMethod::HRM_GET:
+			return "GET";
+		case HttpRequestMethod::HRM_POST:
+			return "POST";
+		case HttpRequestMethod::HRM_HEAD:
+			return "HEAD";
+		case HttpRequestMethod::HRM_PUT:
+			return "PUT";
+		case HttpRequestMethod::HRM_DELETE:
+			return "DELETE";
+		case HttpRequestMethod::HRM_PATCH:
+			return "PATCH";
+		case HttpRequestMethod::HRM_OPTIONS:
+			return "OPTIONS";
+		default:
+			return "INVALID";
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** Whether or not the given method should be treated like a POST for curlopts. */
+	bool UsesCurlPostOptions(HttpRequestMethod::Type method)
+	{
+		switch (method)
+		{
+		case HttpRequestMethod::HRM_POST:
+		case HttpRequestMethod::HRM_PUT:
+		case HttpRequestMethod::HRM_DELETE:
+		case HttpRequestMethod::HRM_PATCH:
+			return true;
+		default:
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/** Whether or not the given http request method can have query parameters in the URL. */
+	bool CanHaveQueryParameters(HttpRequestMethod::Type method)
+	{
+		return method == HttpRequestMethod::HRM_GET || UsesCurlPostOptions(method);
+	}
+}; // namespace HttpRequestMethod
+
+/** Contains data about an http request that has been queued. */
+struct HttpRequest
+{
+	/** Method used for this http request. */
+	HttpRequestMethod::Type method;
+
+	/** Base URL of this http request. */
+	std::string baseUrl;
+
+	/** Headers used for this http request. Some may get overridden or ignored. */
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> headers;
+
+	/** Query parameters for this http request. */
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> queryParameters;
+
+	/** The content type of this http request. Defaults to text/plain & UTF-8 charset. */
+	std::string contentType = "text/plain; charset=utf-8";
+
+	/** The body of this http request. If set, will override queryParameters.*/
+	std::string body;
+
+	/** The timeout for the http request, in seconds. Must be between 1 and 60. */
+	int timeout;
+
+	/** If set, the override to use for the User-Agent header. */
+	std::string userAgent;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Handles making HTTP requests and sending the responses back to Squirrel.
+ */
+class HttpRequestHandler
+{
+public:
+	HttpRequestHandler();
+
+	// Start/Stop the HTTP request handler. Right now this doesn't do much.
+	void StartHttpRequestHandler();
+	void StopHttpRequestHandler();
+
+	// Whether or not this http request handler is currently running.
+	bool IsRunning() const
+	{
+		return m_bIsHttpRequestHandlerRunning;
+	}
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new thread to execute an HTTP request.
+	 * @param requestParameters The parameters to use for this http request.
+	 * @returns The handle for the http request being sent, or -1 if the request failed.
+	 */
+	template <ScriptContext context> int MakeHttpRequest(const HttpRequest& requestParameters);
+
+	/** Registers the HTTP request Squirrel functions for the given script context. */
+	template <ScriptContext context> void RegisterSQFuncs();
+
+private:
+	int m_iLastRequestHandle = 0;
+	std::atomic_bool m_bIsHttpRequestHandlerRunning = false;
+};
+
+extern HttpRequestHandler* g_httpRequestHandler;
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/scriptjson.cpp b/primedev/scripts/scriptjson.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..06bda6f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/scriptjson.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,250 @@
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+
+#include "rapidjson/error/en.h"
+#include "rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "rapidjson/writer.h"
+#include "rapidjson/stringbuffer.h"
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#undef GetObject // fuck microsoft developers
+#endif
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void
+DecodeJsonArray(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>>* arr)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->newarray(sqvm, 0);
+
+	for (auto& itr : arr->GetArray())
+	{
+		switch (itr.GetType())
+		{
+		case rapidjson::kObjectType:
+			DecodeJsonTable<context>(sqvm, &itr);
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(sqvm, -2);
+			break;
+		case rapidjson::kArrayType:
+			DecodeJsonArray<context>(sqvm, &itr);
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(sqvm, -2);
+			break;
+		case rapidjson::kStringType:
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, itr.GetString(), -1);
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(sqvm, -2);
+			break;
+		case rapidjson::kTrueType:
+		case rapidjson::kFalseType:
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, itr.GetBool());
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(sqvm, -2);
+			break;
+		case rapidjson::kNumberType:
+			if (itr.IsDouble() || itr.IsFloat())
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->pushfloat(sqvm, itr.GetFloat());
+			else
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, itr.GetInt());
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(sqvm, -2);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void
+DecodeJsonTable(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>>* obj)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->newtable(sqvm);
+
+	for (auto itr = obj->MemberBegin(); itr != obj->MemberEnd(); itr++)
+	{
+		switch (itr->value.GetType())
+		{
+		case rapidjson::kObjectType:
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, itr->name.GetString(), -1);
+			DecodeJsonTable<context>(
+				sqvm, (rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>>*)&itr->value);
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->newslot(sqvm, -3, false);
+			break;
+		case rapidjson::kArrayType:
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, itr->name.GetString(), -1);
+			DecodeJsonArray<context>(
+				sqvm, (rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>>*)&itr->value);
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->newslot(sqvm, -3, false);
+			break;
+		case rapidjson::kStringType:
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, itr->name.GetString(), -1);
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, itr->value.GetString(), -1);
+
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->newslot(sqvm, -3, false);
+			break;
+		case rapidjson::kTrueType:
+		case rapidjson::kFalseType:
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, itr->name.GetString(), -1);
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, itr->value.GetBool());
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->newslot(sqvm, -3, false);
+			break;
+		case rapidjson::kNumberType:
+			if (itr->value.IsDouble() || itr->value.IsFloat())
+			{
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, itr->name.GetString(), -1);
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->pushfloat(sqvm, itr->value.GetFloat());
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, itr->name.GetString(), -1);
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(sqvm, itr->value.GetInt());
+			}
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->newslot(sqvm, -3, false);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void EncodeJSONTable(
+	SQTable* table,
+	rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>>* obj,
+	rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>& allocator)
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < table->_numOfNodes; i++)
+	{
+		tableNode* node = &table->_nodes[i];
+		if (node->key._Type == OT_STRING)
+		{
+			rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>> newObj(rapidjson::kObjectType);
+			rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>> newArray(rapidjson::kArrayType);
+
+			switch (node->val._Type)
+			{
+			case OT_STRING:
+				obj->AddMember(
+					rapidjson::StringRef(node->key._VAL.asString->_val), rapidjson::StringRef(node->val._VAL.asString->_val), allocator);
+				break;
+			case OT_INTEGER:
+				obj->AddMember(rapidjson::StringRef(node->key._VAL.asString->_val), node->val._VAL.asInteger, allocator);
+				break;
+			case OT_FLOAT:
+				obj->AddMember(rapidjson::StringRef(node->key._VAL.asString->_val), node->val._VAL.asFloat, allocator);
+				break;
+			case OT_BOOL:
+				if (node->val._VAL.asInteger)
+				{
+					obj->AddMember(rapidjson::StringRef(node->key._VAL.asString->_val), true, allocator);
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					obj->AddMember(rapidjson::StringRef(node->key._VAL.asString->_val), false, allocator);
+				}
+				break;
+			case OT_TABLE:
+				EncodeJSONTable<context>(node->val._VAL.asTable, &newObj, allocator);
+				obj->AddMember(rapidjson::StringRef(node->key._VAL.asString->_val), newObj, allocator);
+				break;
+			case OT_ARRAY:
+				EncodeJSONArray<context>(node->val._VAL.asArray, &newArray, allocator);
+				obj->AddMember(rapidjson::StringRef(node->key._VAL.asString->_val), newArray, allocator);
+				break;
+			default:
+				spdlog::warn("SQ_EncodeJSON: squirrel type {} not supported", SQTypeNameFromID(node->val._Type));
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void EncodeJSONArray(
+	SQArray* arr,
+	rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>>* obj,
+	rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>& allocator)
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < arr->_usedSlots; i++)
+	{
+		SQObject* node = &arr->_values[i];
+
+		rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>> newObj(rapidjson::kObjectType);
+		rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>> newArray(rapidjson::kArrayType);
+
+		switch (node->_Type)
+		{
+		case OT_STRING:
+			obj->PushBack(rapidjson::StringRef(node->_VAL.asString->_val), allocator);
+			break;
+		case OT_INTEGER:
+			obj->PushBack(node->_VAL.asInteger, allocator);
+			break;
+		case OT_FLOAT:
+			obj->PushBack(node->_VAL.asFloat, allocator);
+			break;
+		case OT_BOOL:
+			if (node->_VAL.asInteger)
+				obj->PushBack(rapidjson::StringRef("true"), allocator);
+			else
+				obj->PushBack(rapidjson::StringRef("false"), allocator);
+			break;
+		case OT_TABLE:
+			EncodeJSONTable<context>(node->_VAL.asTable, &newObj, allocator);
+			obj->PushBack(newObj, allocator);
+			break;
+		case OT_ARRAY:
+			EncodeJSONArray<context>(node->_VAL.asArray, &newArray, allocator);
+			obj->PushBack(newArray, allocator);
+			break;
+		default:
+			spdlog::info("SQ encode Json type {} not supported", SQTypeNameFromID(node->_Type));
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC(
+	"table",
+	DecodeJSON,
+	"string json, bool fatalParseErrors = false",
+	"converts a json string to a squirrel table",
+	ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	const char* pJson = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1);
+	const bool bFatalParseErrors = g_pSquirrel<context>->getbool(sqvm, 2);
+
+	rapidjson_document doc;
+	doc.Parse(pJson);
+	if (doc.HasParseError())
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->newtable(sqvm);
+
+		std::string sErrorString = fmt::format(
+			"Failed parsing json file: encountered parse error \"{}\" at offset {}",
+			GetParseError_En(doc.GetParseError()),
+			doc.GetErrorOffset());
+
+		if (bFatalParseErrors)
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, sErrorString.c_str());
+			return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+		}
+
+		spdlog::warn(sErrorString);
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+
+	DecodeJsonTable<context>(sqvm, (rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>>*)&doc);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC(
+	"string",
+	EncodeJSON,
+	"table data",
+	"converts a squirrel table to a json string",
+	ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	rapidjson_document doc;
+	doc.SetObject();
+
+	// temp until this is just the func parameter type
+	HSquirrelVM* vm = (HSquirrelVM*)sqvm;
+	SQTable* table = vm->_stackOfCurrentFunction[1]._VAL.asTable;
+	EncodeJSONTable<context>(table, &doc, doc.GetAllocator());
+
+	rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;
+	rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer);
+	doc.Accept(writer);
+	const char* pJsonString = buffer.GetString();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, pJsonString, -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/scriptjson.h b/primedev/scripts/scriptjson.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b747106b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/scriptjson.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "rapidjson/writer.h"
+#include "rapidjson/stringbuffer.h"
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void EncodeJSONTable(
+	SQTable* table,
+	rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>>* obj,
+	rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>& allocator);
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void
+DecodeJsonTable(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, rapidjson::GenericValue<rapidjson::UTF8<char>, rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<SourceAllocator>>* obj);
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/scriptutility.cpp b/primedev/scripts/scriptutility.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4b92fa02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/scriptutility.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "client/r2client.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+
+// asset function StringToAsset( string assetName )
+ADD_SQFUNC(
+	"asset",
+	StringToAsset,
+	"string assetName",
+	"converts a given string to an asset",
+	ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushasset(sqvm, g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 1), -1);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// string function NSGetLocalPlayerUID()
+ADD_SQFUNC(
+	"string", NSGetLocalPlayerUID, "", "Returns the local player's uid.", ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	if (g_pLocalPlayerUserID)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, g_pLocalPlayerUserID);
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/server/miscserverfixes.cpp b/primedev/scripts/server/miscserverfixes.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..48c2c111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/server/miscserverfixes.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("server.dll", MiscServerFixes, (CModule module))
+{
+	// nop out call to VGUI shutdown since it crashes the game when quitting from the console
+	module.Offset(0x154A96).NOP(5);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/server/miscserverscript.cpp b/primedev/scripts/server/miscserverscript.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed6e4800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/server/miscserverscript.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "server/auth/serverauthentication.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+#include "client/r2client.h"
+#include "server/r2server.h"
+
+#include <filesystem>
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSEarlyWritePlayerPersistenceForLeave, "entity player", "", ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	const CBasePlayer* pPlayer = g_pSquirrel<context>->template getentity<CBasePlayer>(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!pPlayer)
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("NSEarlyWritePlayerPersistenceForLeave got null player");
+
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, false);
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+
+	CBaseClient* pClient = &g_pClientArray[pPlayer->m_nPlayerIndex - 1];
+	if (g_pServerAuthentication->m_PlayerAuthenticationData.find(pClient) == g_pServerAuthentication->m_PlayerAuthenticationData.end())
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, false);
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+
+	g_pServerAuthentication->m_PlayerAuthenticationData[pClient].needPersistenceWriteOnLeave = false;
+	g_pServerAuthentication->WritePersistentData(pClient);
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSIsWritingPlayerPersistence, "", "", ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, g_pMasterServerManager->m_bSavingPersistentData);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSIsPlayerLocalPlayer, "entity player", "", ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	const CBasePlayer* pPlayer = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->template getentity<CBasePlayer>(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!pPlayer)
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("NSIsPlayerLocalPlayer got null player");
+
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, false);
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+
+	CBaseClient* pClient = &g_pClientArray[pPlayer->m_nPlayerIndex - 1];
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, !strcmp(g_pLocalPlayerUserID, pClient->m_UID));
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", NSIsDedicated, "", "", ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, IsDedicatedServer());
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC(
+	"bool",
+	NSDisconnectPlayer,
+	"entity player, string reason",
+	"Disconnects the player from the server with the given reason",
+	ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	const CBasePlayer* pPlayer = g_pSquirrel<context>->template getentity<CBasePlayer>(sqvm, 1);
+	const char* reason = g_pSquirrel<context>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+
+	if (!pPlayer)
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Attempted to call NSDisconnectPlayer() with null player.");
+
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, false);
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+
+	// Shouldn't happen but I like sanity checks.
+	CBaseClient* pClient = &g_pClientArray[pPlayer->m_nPlayerIndex - 1];
+	if (!pClient)
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("NSDisconnectPlayer(): player entity has null CBaseClient!");
+
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, false);
+		return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+	}
+
+	if (reason)
+	{
+		CBaseClient__Disconnect(pClient, 1, reason);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		CBaseClient__Disconnect(pClient, 1, "Disconnected by the server.");
+	}
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(sqvm, true);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/scripts/server/scriptuserinfo.cpp b/primedev/scripts/server/scriptuserinfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c53a9d22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/scripts/server/scriptuserinfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "server/r2server.h"
+
+// clang-format off
+ADD_SQFUNC("string", GetUserInfoKVString_Internal, "entity player, string key, string defaultValue = \"\"",
+	"Gets the string value of a given player's userinfo convar by name", ScriptContext::SERVER)
+// clang-format on
+{
+	const CBasePlayer* pPlayer = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->template getentity<CBasePlayer>(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!pPlayer)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->raiseerror(sqvm, "player is null");
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	const char* pKey = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+	const char* pDefaultValue = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getstring(sqvm, 3);
+
+	const char* pResult = g_pClientArray[pPlayer->m_nPlayerIndex - 1].m_ConVars->GetString(pKey, pDefaultValue);
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->pushstring(sqvm, pResult);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+ADD_SQFUNC("asset", GetUserInfoKVAsset_Internal, "entity player, string key, asset defaultValue = $\"\"",
+	"Gets the asset value of a given player's userinfo convar by name", ScriptContext::SERVER)
+// clang-format on
+{
+	const CBasePlayer* pPlayer = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->template getentity<CBasePlayer>(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!pPlayer)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->raiseerror(sqvm, "player is null");
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	const char* pKey = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+	const char* pDefaultValue;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getasset(sqvm, 3, &pDefaultValue);
+
+	const char* pResult = g_pClientArray[pPlayer->m_nPlayerIndex - 1].m_ConVars->GetString(pKey, pDefaultValue);
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->pushasset(sqvm, pResult);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+ADD_SQFUNC("int", GetUserInfoKVInt_Internal, "entity player, string key, int defaultValue = 0",
+	"Gets the int value of a given player's userinfo convar by name", ScriptContext::SERVER)
+// clang-format on
+{
+	const CBasePlayer* pPlayer = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->template getentity<CBasePlayer>(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!pPlayer)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->raiseerror(sqvm, "player is null");
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	const char* pKey = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+	const int iDefaultValue = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getinteger(sqvm, 3);
+
+	const int iResult = g_pClientArray[pPlayer->m_nPlayerIndex - 1].m_ConVars->GetInt(pKey, iDefaultValue);
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->pushinteger(sqvm, iResult);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+ADD_SQFUNC("float", GetUserInfoKVFloat_Internal, "entity player, string key, float defaultValue = 0",
+	"Gets the float value of a given player's userinfo convar by name", ScriptContext::SERVER)
+// clang-format on
+{
+	const CBasePlayer* pPlayer = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getentity<CBasePlayer>(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!pPlayer)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->raiseerror(sqvm, "player is null");
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	const char* pKey = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+	const float flDefaultValue = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getfloat(sqvm, 3);
+
+	const float flResult = g_pClientArray[pPlayer->m_nPlayerIndex - 1].m_ConVars->GetFloat(pKey, flDefaultValue);
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->pushfloat(sqvm, flResult);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+ADD_SQFUNC("bool", GetUserInfoKVBool_Internal, "entity player, string key, bool defaultValue = false",
+	"Gets the bool value of a given player's userinfo convar by name", ScriptContext::SERVER)
+// clang-format on
+{
+	const CBasePlayer* pPlayer = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getentity<CBasePlayer>(sqvm, 1);
+	if (!pPlayer)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->raiseerror(sqvm, "player is null");
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	const char* pKey = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+	const bool bDefaultValue = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getbool(sqvm, 3);
+
+	const bool bResult = g_pClientArray[pPlayer->m_nPlayerIndex - 1].m_ConVars->GetInt(pKey, bDefaultValue);
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->pushbool(sqvm, bResult);
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/server/alltalk.cpp b/primedev/server/alltalk.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..74119309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/alltalk.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+
+size_t __fastcall ShouldAllowAlltalk()
+{
+	// this needs to return a 64 bit integer where 0 = true and 1 = false
+	static ConVar* Cvar_sv_alltalk = g_pCVar->FindVar("sv_alltalk");
+	if (Cvar_sv_alltalk->GetBool())
+		return 0;
+
+	// lobby should default to alltalk, otherwise don't allow it
+	return strcmp(g_pGlobals->m_pMapName, "mp_lobby");
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", ServerAllTalk, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	// replace strcmp function called in CClient::ProcessVoiceData with our own code that calls ShouldAllowAllTalk
+	CMemoryAddress base = module.Offset(0x1085FA);
+
+	base.Patch("48 B8"); // mov rax, 64 bit int
+	// (uint8_t*)&ShouldAllowAlltalk doesn't work for some reason? need to make it a uint64 first
+	uint64_t pShouldAllowAllTalk = reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(ShouldAllowAlltalk);
+	base.Offset(0x2).Patch((uint8_t*)&pShouldAllowAllTalk, 8);
+	base.Offset(0xA).Patch("FF D0"); // call rax
+
+	// nop until compare (test eax, eax)
+	base.Offset(0xC).NOP(0x7);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/server/auth/bansystem.cpp b/primedev/server/auth/bansystem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a45cde93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/auth/bansystem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+#include "bansystem.h"
+#include "serverauthentication.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "server/r2server.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "client/r2client.h"
+#include "config/profile.h"
+
+#include <filesystem>
+
+const char* BANLIST_PATH_SUFFIX = "/banlist.txt";
+const char BANLIST_COMMENT_CHAR = '#';
+
+ServerBanSystem* g_pBanSystem;
+
+void ServerBanSystem::OpenBanlist()
+{
+	std::ifstream banlistStream(GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/banlist.txt");
+
+	if (!banlistStream.fail())
+	{
+		std::string line;
+		while (std::getline(banlistStream, line))
+		{
+			// ignore line if first char is # or line is empty
+			if (line == "" || line.front() == BANLIST_COMMENT_CHAR)
+				continue;
+
+			// remove tabs which shouldnt be there but maybe someone did the funny
+			line.erase(std::remove(line.begin(), line.end(), '\t'), line.end());
+			// remove spaces to allow for spaces before uids
+			line.erase(std::remove(line.begin(), line.end(), ' '), line.end());
+
+			// check if line is empty to allow for newlines in the file
+			if (line == "")
+				continue;
+
+			// for inline comments like: 123123123 #banned for unfunny
+			std::string uid = line.substr(0, line.find(BANLIST_COMMENT_CHAR));
+
+			m_vBannedUids.push_back(strtoull(uid.c_str(), nullptr, 10));
+		}
+
+		banlistStream.close();
+	}
+
+	// open write stream for banlist // dont do this to allow for all time access
+	// m_sBanlistStream.open(GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/banlist.txt", std::ofstream::out | std::ofstream::binary | std::ofstream::app);
+}
+
+void ServerBanSystem::ReloadBanlist()
+{
+	std::ifstream fsBanlist(GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/banlist.txt");
+
+	if (!fsBanlist.fail())
+	{
+		std::string line;
+		// since we wanna use this as the reload func we need to clear the list
+		m_vBannedUids.clear();
+		while (std::getline(fsBanlist, line))
+			m_vBannedUids.push_back(strtoull(line.c_str(), nullptr, 10));
+
+		fsBanlist.close();
+	}
+}
+
+void ServerBanSystem::ClearBanlist()
+{
+	m_vBannedUids.clear();
+
+	// reopen the file, don't provide std::ofstream::app so it clears on open
+	m_sBanlistStream.close();
+	m_sBanlistStream.open(GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/banlist.txt", std::ofstream::out | std::ofstream::binary);
+	m_sBanlistStream.close();
+}
+
+void ServerBanSystem::BanUID(uint64_t uid)
+{
+	// checking if last char is \n to make sure uids arent getting fucked
+	std::ifstream fsBanlist(GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/banlist.txt");
+	std::string content((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(fsBanlist)), (std::istreambuf_iterator<char>()));
+	fsBanlist.close();
+
+	m_sBanlistStream.open(GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/banlist.txt", std::ofstream::out | std::ofstream::binary | std::ofstream::app);
+	if (content.back() != '\n')
+		m_sBanlistStream << std::endl;
+
+	m_vBannedUids.push_back(uid);
+	m_sBanlistStream << std::to_string(uid) << std::endl;
+	m_sBanlistStream.close();
+	spdlog::info("{} was banned", uid);
+}
+
+void ServerBanSystem::UnbanUID(uint64_t uid)
+{
+	auto findResult = std::find(m_vBannedUids.begin(), m_vBannedUids.end(), uid);
+	if (findResult == m_vBannedUids.end())
+		return;
+
+	m_vBannedUids.erase(findResult);
+
+	std::vector<std::string> banlistText;
+	std::ifstream fs_readBanlist(GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/banlist.txt");
+
+	if (!fs_readBanlist.fail())
+	{
+		std::string line;
+		while (std::getline(fs_readBanlist, line))
+		{
+			// support for comments and newlines added in https://github.com/R2Northstar/NorthstarLauncher/pull/227
+
+			std::string modLine = line; // copy the line into a free var that we can fuck with, line will be the original
+
+			// remove tabs which shouldnt be there but maybe someone did the funny
+			modLine.erase(std::remove(modLine.begin(), modLine.end(), '\t'), modLine.end());
+			// remove spaces to allow for spaces before uids
+			modLine.erase(std::remove(modLine.begin(), modLine.end(), ' '), modLine.end());
+
+			// ignore line if first char is # or empty line, just add it
+			if (line.front() == BANLIST_COMMENT_CHAR || modLine == "")
+			{
+				banlistText.push_back(line);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			// for inline comments like: 123123123 #banned for unfunny
+			std::string lineUid = line.substr(0, line.find(BANLIST_COMMENT_CHAR));
+			// have to erase spaces or else inline comments will fuck up the uid finding
+			lineUid.erase(std::remove(lineUid.begin(), lineUid.end(), '\t'), lineUid.end());
+			lineUid.erase(std::remove(lineUid.begin(), lineUid.end(), ' '), lineUid.end());
+
+			// if the uid in the line is the uid we wanna unban
+			if (std::to_string(uid) == lineUid)
+			{
+				// comment the uid out
+				line.insert(0, "# ");
+
+				// add a comment with unban date
+				// not necessary but i feel like this makes it better
+				std::time_t t = std::time(0);
+				std::tm* now = std::localtime(&t);
+
+				std::ostringstream unbanComment;
+
+				//{y}/{m}/{d} {h}:{m}
+				unbanComment << " # unban date: ";
+				unbanComment << now->tm_year + 1900 << "-"; // this lib is so fucking awful
+				unbanComment << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << now->tm_mon + 1 << "-";
+				unbanComment << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << now->tm_mday << " ";
+				unbanComment << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << now->tm_hour << ":";
+				unbanComment << std::setw(2) << std::setfill('0') << now->tm_min;
+
+				line.append(unbanComment.str());
+			}
+
+			banlistText.push_back(line);
+		}
+
+		fs_readBanlist.close();
+	}
+
+	// open write stream for banlist // without append so we clear the file
+	if (m_sBanlistStream.is_open())
+		m_sBanlistStream.close();
+	m_sBanlistStream.open(GetNorthstarPrefix() + "/banlist.txt", std::ofstream::out | std::ofstream::binary);
+
+	for (std::string updatedLine : banlistText)
+		m_sBanlistStream << updatedLine << std::endl;
+
+	m_sBanlistStream.close();
+	spdlog::info("{} was unbanned", uid);
+}
+
+bool ServerBanSystem::IsUIDAllowed(uint64_t uid)
+{
+	uint64_t localPlayerUserID = strtoull(g_pLocalPlayerUserID, nullptr, 10);
+	if (localPlayerUserID == uid)
+		return true;
+
+	ReloadBanlist(); // Reload to have up to date list on join
+	return std::find(m_vBannedUids.begin(), m_vBannedUids.end(), uid) == m_vBannedUids.end();
+}
+
+void ConCommand_ban(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	if (args.ArgC() < 2)
+		return;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < g_pGlobals->m_nMaxClients; i++)
+	{
+		CBaseClient* player = &g_pClientArray[i];
+
+		if (!strcmp(player->m_Name, args.Arg(1)) || !strcmp(player->m_UID, args.Arg(1)))
+		{
+			g_pBanSystem->BanUID(strtoull(player->m_UID, nullptr, 10));
+			CBaseClient__Disconnect(player, 1, "Banned from server");
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void ConCommand_unban(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	if (args.ArgC() < 2)
+		return;
+
+	// assumedly the player being unbanned here wasn't already connected, so don't need to iterate over players or anything
+	g_pBanSystem->UnbanUID(strtoull(args.Arg(1), nullptr, 10));
+}
+
+void ConCommand_clearbanlist(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	g_pBanSystem->ClearBanlist();
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", BanSystem, ConCommand, (CModule module))
+{
+	g_pBanSystem = new ServerBanSystem;
+	g_pBanSystem->OpenBanlist();
+
+	RegisterConCommand("ban", ConCommand_ban, "bans a given player by uid or name", FCVAR_GAMEDLL);
+	RegisterConCommand("unban", ConCommand_unban, "unbans a given player by uid", FCVAR_GAMEDLL);
+	RegisterConCommand("clearbanlist", ConCommand_clearbanlist, "clears all uids on the banlist", FCVAR_GAMEDLL);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/server/auth/bansystem.h b/primedev/server/auth/bansystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d6ac5a4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/auth/bansystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <fstream>
+
+class ServerBanSystem
+{
+private:
+	std::ofstream m_sBanlistStream;
+	std::vector<uint64_t> m_vBannedUids;
+
+public:
+	void OpenBanlist();
+	void ReloadBanlist();
+	void ClearBanlist();
+	void BanUID(uint64_t uid);
+	void UnbanUID(uint64_t uid);
+	bool IsUIDAllowed(uint64_t uid);
+};
+
+extern ServerBanSystem* g_pBanSystem;
diff --git a/primedev/server/auth/serverauthentication.cpp b/primedev/server/auth/serverauthentication.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0d46426f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/auth/serverauthentication.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+#include "serverauthentication.h"
+#include "shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.h"
+#include "core/convar/cvar.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "server/serverpresence.h"
+#include "engine/hoststate.h"
+#include "bansystem.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+#include "config/profile.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "client/r2client.h"
+#include "server/r2server.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// global vars
+ServerAuthenticationManager* g_pServerAuthentication;
+CBaseServer__RejectConnectionType CBaseServer__RejectConnection;
+
+void ServerAuthenticationManager::AddRemotePlayer(std::string token, uint64_t uid, std::string username, std::string pdata)
+{
+	std::string uidS = std::to_string(uid);
+
+	RemoteAuthData newAuthData {};
+	strncpy_s(newAuthData.uid, sizeof(newAuthData.uid), uidS.c_str(), uidS.length());
+	strncpy_s(newAuthData.username, sizeof(newAuthData.username), username.c_str(), username.length());
+	newAuthData.pdata = new char[pdata.length()];
+	newAuthData.pdataSize = pdata.length();
+	memcpy(newAuthData.pdata, pdata.c_str(), newAuthData.pdataSize);
+
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(m_AuthDataMutex);
+	m_RemoteAuthenticationData[token] = newAuthData;
+}
+
+void ServerAuthenticationManager::AddPlayer(CBaseClient* pPlayer, const char* pToken)
+{
+	PlayerAuthenticationData additionalData;
+
+	auto remoteAuthData = m_RemoteAuthenticationData.find(pToken);
+	if (remoteAuthData != m_RemoteAuthenticationData.end())
+		additionalData.pdataSize = remoteAuthData->second.pdataSize;
+	else
+		additionalData.pdataSize = PERSISTENCE_MAX_SIZE;
+
+	additionalData.usingLocalPdata = pPlayer->m_iPersistenceReady == ePersistenceReady::READY_INSECURE;
+
+	m_PlayerAuthenticationData.insert(std::make_pair(pPlayer, additionalData));
+}
+
+void ServerAuthenticationManager::RemovePlayer(CBaseClient* pPlayer)
+{
+	if (m_PlayerAuthenticationData.count(pPlayer))
+		m_PlayerAuthenticationData.erase(pPlayer);
+}
+
+bool ServerAuthenticationManager::VerifyPlayerName(const char* pAuthToken, const char* pName, char pOutVerifiedName[64])
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(m_AuthDataMutex);
+
+	// always use name from masterserver if available
+	// use of strncpy_s here should verify that this is always nullterminated within valid buffer size
+	auto authData = m_RemoteAuthenticationData.find(pAuthToken);
+	if (authData != m_RemoteAuthenticationData.end() && *authData->second.username)
+		strncpy_s(pOutVerifiedName, 64, authData->second.username, 63);
+	else
+		strncpy_s(pOutVerifiedName, 64, pName, 63);
+
+	// now, check that whatever name we have is actually valid
+	// first, make sure it's >1 char
+	if (!*pOutVerifiedName)
+		return false;
+
+	// next, make sure it's within a valid range of ascii characters
+	for (int i = 0; pOutVerifiedName[i]; i++)
+	{
+		if (pOutVerifiedName[i] < 32 || pOutVerifiedName[i] > 126)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool ServerAuthenticationManager::IsDuplicateAccount(CBaseClient* pPlayer, const char* pPlayerUid)
+{
+	if (m_bAllowDuplicateAccounts)
+		return false;
+
+	bool bHasUidPlayer = false;
+	for (int i = 0; i < g_pGlobals->m_nMaxClients; i++)
+		if (&g_pClientArray[i] != pPlayer && !strcmp(pPlayerUid, g_pClientArray[i].m_UID))
+			return true;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+bool ServerAuthenticationManager::CheckAuthentication(CBaseClient* pPlayer, uint64_t iUid, char* pAuthToken)
+{
+	std::string sUid = std::to_string(iUid);
+
+	// check whether this player's authentication is valid but don't actually write anything to the player, we'll do that later
+	// if we don't need auth this is valid
+	if (Cvar_ns_auth_allow_insecure->GetBool())
+		return true;
+
+	// local server that doesn't need auth (probably sp) and local player
+	if (m_bStartingLocalSPGame && !strcmp(sUid.c_str(), g_pLocalPlayerUserID))
+		return true;
+
+	// don't allow duplicate accounts
+	if (IsDuplicateAccount(pPlayer, sUid.c_str()))
+		return false;
+
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(m_AuthDataMutex);
+	auto authData = m_RemoteAuthenticationData.find(pAuthToken);
+	if (authData != m_RemoteAuthenticationData.end() && !strcmp(sUid.c_str(), authData->second.uid))
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+void ServerAuthenticationManager::AuthenticatePlayer(CBaseClient* pPlayer, uint64_t iUid, char* pAuthToken)
+{
+	// for bot players, generate a new uid
+	if (pPlayer->m_bFakePlayer)
+		iUid = 0; // is this a good way of doing things :clueless:
+
+	std::string sUid = std::to_string(iUid);
+
+	// copy uuid
+	strcpy(pPlayer->m_UID, sUid.c_str());
+
+	std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(m_AuthDataMutex);
+	auto authData = m_RemoteAuthenticationData.find(pAuthToken);
+	if (authData != m_RemoteAuthenticationData.end())
+	{
+		// if we're resetting let script handle the reset with InitPersistentData() on connect
+		if (!m_bForceResetLocalPlayerPersistence || strcmp(sUid.c_str(), g_pLocalPlayerUserID))
+		{
+			// copy pdata into buffer
+			memcpy(pPlayer->m_PersistenceBuffer, authData->second.pdata, authData->second.pdataSize);
+		}
+
+		// set persistent data as ready
+		pPlayer->m_iPersistenceReady = ePersistenceReady::READY_REMOTE;
+	}
+	// we probably allow insecure at this point, but make sure not to write anyway if not insecure
+	else if (Cvar_ns_auth_allow_insecure->GetBool() || pPlayer->m_bFakePlayer)
+	{
+		// set persistent data as ready
+		// note: actual placeholder persistent data is populated in script with InitPersistentData()
+		pPlayer->m_iPersistenceReady = ePersistenceReady::READY_INSECURE;
+	}
+}
+
+bool ServerAuthenticationManager::RemovePlayerAuthData(CBaseClient* pPlayer)
+{
+	if (!Cvar_ns_erase_auth_info->GetBool()) // keep auth data forever
+		return false;
+
+	// hack for special case where we're on a local server, so we erase our own newly created auth data on disconnect
+	if (m_bNeedLocalAuthForNewgame && !strcmp(pPlayer->m_UID, g_pLocalPlayerUserID))
+		return false;
+
+	// we don't have our auth token at this point, so lookup authdata by uid
+	for (auto& auth : m_RemoteAuthenticationData)
+	{
+		if (!strcmp(pPlayer->m_UID, auth.second.uid))
+		{
+			// pretty sure this is fine, since we don't iterate after the erase
+			// i think if we iterated after it'd be undefined behaviour tho
+			std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(m_AuthDataMutex);
+
+			delete[] auth.second.pdata;
+			m_RemoteAuthenticationData.erase(auth.first);
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+void ServerAuthenticationManager::WritePersistentData(CBaseClient* pPlayer)
+{
+	if (pPlayer->m_iPersistenceReady == ePersistenceReady::READY_REMOTE)
+	{
+		g_pMasterServerManager->WritePlayerPersistentData(
+			pPlayer->m_UID, (const char*)pPlayer->m_PersistenceBuffer, m_PlayerAuthenticationData[pPlayer].pdataSize);
+	}
+	else if (Cvar_ns_auth_allow_insecure_write->GetBool())
+	{
+		// todo: write pdata to disk here
+	}
+}
+
+// auth hooks
+
+// store these in vars so we can use them in CBaseClient::Connect
+// this is fine because ptrs won't decay by the time we use this, just don't use it outside of calls from cbaseclient::connectclient
+char* pNextPlayerToken;
+uint64_t iNextPlayerUid;
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CBaseServer__ConnectClient, engine.dll + 0x114430,
+void*,, (
+	void* self,
+	void* addr,
+	void* a3,
+	uint32_t a4,
+	uint32_t a5,
+	int32_t a6,
+	void* a7,
+	char* playerName,
+	char* serverFilter,
+	void* a10,
+	char a11,
+	void* a12,
+	char a13,
+	char a14,
+	int64_t uid,
+	uint32_t a16,
+	uint32_t a17))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// auth tokens are sent with serverfilter, can't be accessed from player struct to my knowledge, so have to do this here
+	pNextPlayerToken = serverFilter;
+	iNextPlayerUid = uid;
+
+	return CBaseServer__ConnectClient(self, addr, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, playerName, serverFilter, a10, a11, a12, a13, a14, uid, a16, a17);
+}
+
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_allowuserclantags;
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CBaseClient__Connect, engine.dll + 0x101740,
+bool,, (CBaseClient* self, char* pName, void* pNetChannel, char bFakePlayer, void* a5, char pDisconnectReason[256], void* a7))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	const char* pAuthenticationFailure = nullptr;
+	char pVerifiedName[64];
+
+	if (!bFakePlayer)
+	{
+		if (!g_pServerAuthentication->VerifyPlayerName(pNextPlayerToken, pName, pVerifiedName))
+			pAuthenticationFailure = "Invalid Name.";
+		else if (!g_pBanSystem->IsUIDAllowed(iNextPlayerUid))
+			pAuthenticationFailure = "Banned From server.";
+		else if (!g_pServerAuthentication->CheckAuthentication(self, iNextPlayerUid, pNextPlayerToken))
+			pAuthenticationFailure = "Authentication Failed.";
+	}
+	else // need to copy name for bots still
+		strncpy_s(pVerifiedName, pName, 63);
+
+	if (pAuthenticationFailure)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("{}'s (uid {}) connection was rejected: \"{}\"", pName, iNextPlayerUid, pAuthenticationFailure);
+
+		strncpy_s(pDisconnectReason, 256, pAuthenticationFailure, 255);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// try to actually connect the player
+	if (!CBaseClient__Connect(self, pVerifiedName, pNetChannel, bFakePlayer, a5, pDisconnectReason, a7))
+		return false;
+
+	// we already know this player's authentication data is legit, actually write it to them now
+	g_pServerAuthentication->AuthenticatePlayer(self, iNextPlayerUid, pNextPlayerToken);
+
+	g_pServerAuthentication->AddPlayer(self, pNextPlayerToken);
+	g_pServerLimits->AddPlayer(self);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CBaseClient__ActivatePlayer, engine.dll + 0x100F80,
+void,, (CBaseClient* self))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// if we're authed, write our persistent data
+	// RemovePlayerAuthData returns true if it removed successfully, i.e. on first call only, and we only want to write on >= second call
+	// (since this func is called on map loads)
+	if (self->m_iPersistenceReady >= ePersistenceReady::READY && !g_pServerAuthentication->RemovePlayerAuthData(self))
+	{
+		g_pServerAuthentication->m_bForceResetLocalPlayerPersistence = false;
+		g_pServerAuthentication->WritePersistentData(self);
+		g_pServerPresence->SetPlayerCount(g_pServerAuthentication->m_PlayerAuthenticationData.size());
+	}
+
+	CBaseClient__ActivatePlayer(self);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(_CBaseClient__Disconnect, engine.dll + 0x1012C0,
+void,, (CBaseClient* self, uint32_t unknownButAlways1, const char* pReason, ...))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// have to manually format message because can't pass varargs to original func
+	char buf[1024];
+
+	va_list va;
+	va_start(va, pReason);
+	vsprintf(buf, pReason, va);
+	va_end(va);
+
+	// this reason is used while connecting to a local server, hacky, but just ignore it
+	if (strcmp(pReason, "Connection closing"))
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Player {} disconnected: \"{}\"", self->m_Name, buf);
+
+		// dcing, write persistent data
+		if (g_pServerAuthentication->m_PlayerAuthenticationData[self].needPersistenceWriteOnLeave)
+			g_pServerAuthentication->WritePersistentData(self);
+
+		memset(self->m_PersistenceBuffer, 0, g_pServerAuthentication->m_PlayerAuthenticationData[self].pdataSize);
+		g_pServerAuthentication->RemovePlayerAuthData(self); // won't do anything 99% of the time, but just in case
+
+		g_pServerAuthentication->RemovePlayer(self);
+		g_pServerLimits->RemovePlayer(self);
+	}
+
+	g_pServerPresence->SetPlayerCount(g_pServerAuthentication->m_PlayerAuthenticationData.size());
+
+	_CBaseClient__Disconnect(self, unknownButAlways1, buf);
+}
+
+void ConCommand_ns_resetpersistence(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	if (*g_pServerState == server_state_t::ss_active)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("ns_resetpersistence must be entered from the main menu");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	spdlog::info("resetting persistence on next lobby load...");
+	g_pServerAuthentication->m_bForceResetLocalPlayerPersistence = true;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", ServerAuthentication, (ConCommand, ConVar), (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	g_pServerAuthentication = new ServerAuthenticationManager;
+
+	g_pServerAuthentication->Cvar_ns_erase_auth_info =
+		new ConVar("ns_erase_auth_info", "1", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "Whether auth info should be erased from this server on disconnect or crash");
+	g_pServerAuthentication->Cvar_ns_auth_allow_insecure =
+		new ConVar("ns_auth_allow_insecure", "0", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "Whether this server will allow unauthenicated players to connect");
+	g_pServerAuthentication->Cvar_ns_auth_allow_insecure_write = new ConVar(
+		"ns_auth_allow_insecure_write",
+		"0",
+		FCVAR_GAMEDLL,
+		"Whether the pdata of unauthenticated clients will be written to disk when changed");
+
+	RegisterConCommand(
+		"ns_resetpersistence", ConCommand_ns_resetpersistence, "resets your pdata when you next enter the lobby", FCVAR_NONE);
+
+	// patch to disable kicking based on incorrect serverfilter in connectclient, since we repurpose it for use as an auth token
+	module.Offset(0x114655).Patch("EB");
+
+	// patch to disable fairfight marking players as cheaters and kicking them
+	module.Offset(0x101012).Patch("E9 90 00");
+
+	CBaseServer__RejectConnection = module.Offset(0x1182E0).RCast<CBaseServer__RejectConnectionType>();
+
+	if (CommandLine()->CheckParm("-allowdupeaccounts"))
+	{
+		// patch to allow same of multiple account
+		module.Offset(0x114510).Patch("EB");
+
+		g_pServerAuthentication->m_bAllowDuplicateAccounts = true;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/primedev/server/auth/serverauthentication.h b/primedev/server/auth/serverauthentication.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..996d20e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/auth/serverauthentication.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <string>
+
+struct RemoteAuthData
+{
+	char uid[33];
+	char username[64];
+
+	// pdata
+	char* pdata;
+	size_t pdataSize;
+};
+
+struct PlayerAuthenticationData
+{
+	bool usingLocalPdata;
+	size_t pdataSize;
+	bool needPersistenceWriteOnLeave = true;
+};
+
+typedef int64_t (*CBaseServer__RejectConnectionType)(void* a1, unsigned int a2, void* a3, const char* a4, ...);
+extern CBaseServer__RejectConnectionType CBaseServer__RejectConnection;
+
+class ServerAuthenticationManager
+{
+public:
+	ConVar* Cvar_ns_erase_auth_info;
+	ConVar* Cvar_ns_auth_allow_insecure;
+	ConVar* Cvar_ns_auth_allow_insecure_write;
+
+	std::mutex m_AuthDataMutex;
+	std::unordered_map<std::string, RemoteAuthData> m_RemoteAuthenticationData;
+	std::unordered_map<CBaseClient*, PlayerAuthenticationData> m_PlayerAuthenticationData;
+
+	bool m_bAllowDuplicateAccounts = false;
+	bool m_bNeedLocalAuthForNewgame = false;
+	bool m_bForceResetLocalPlayerPersistence = false;
+	bool m_bStartingLocalSPGame = false;
+
+public:
+	void AddRemotePlayer(std::string token, uint64_t uid, std::string username, std::string pdata);
+
+	void AddPlayer(CBaseClient* pPlayer, const char* pAuthToken);
+	void RemovePlayer(CBaseClient* pPlayer);
+
+	bool VerifyPlayerName(const char* pAuthToken, const char* pName, char pOutVerifiedName[64]);
+	bool IsDuplicateAccount(CBaseClient* pPlayer, const char* pUid);
+	bool CheckAuthentication(CBaseClient* pPlayer, uint64_t iUid, char* pAuthToken);
+
+	void AuthenticatePlayer(CBaseClient* pPlayer, uint64_t iUid, char* pAuthToken);
+	bool RemovePlayerAuthData(CBaseClient* pPlayer);
+	void WritePersistentData(CBaseClient* pPlayer);
+};
+
+extern ServerAuthenticationManager* g_pServerAuthentication;
diff --git a/primedev/server/buildainfile.cpp b/primedev/server/buildainfile.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a7f59961
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/buildainfile.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "engine/hoststate.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+const int AINET_VERSION_NUMBER = 57;
+const int AINET_SCRIPT_VERSION_NUMBER = 21;
+const int PLACEHOLDER_CRC = 0;
+const int MAX_HULLS = 5;
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+struct CAI_NodeLink
+{
+	short srcId;
+	short destId;
+	bool hulls[MAX_HULLS];
+	char unk0;
+	char unk1; // maps => unk0 on disk
+	char unk2[5];
+	int64_t flags;
+};
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+struct CAI_NodeLinkDisk
+{
+	short srcId;
+	short destId;
+	char unk0;
+	bool hulls[MAX_HULLS];
+};
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+struct CAI_Node
+{
+	int index; // not present on disk
+	float x;
+	float y;
+	float z;
+	float hulls[MAX_HULLS];
+	float yaw;
+
+	int unk0; // always 2 in buildainfile, maps directly to unk0 in disk struct
+	int unk1; // maps directly to unk1 in disk struct
+	int unk2[MAX_HULLS]; // maps directly to unk2 in disk struct, despite being ints rather than shorts
+
+	// view server.dll+393672 for context and death wish
+	char unk3[MAX_HULLS]; // hell on earth, should map to unk3 on disk
+	char pad[3]; // aligns next bytes
+	float unk4[MAX_HULLS]; // i have no fucking clue, calculated using some kind of demon hell function float magic
+
+	CAI_NodeLink** links;
+	char unk5[16];
+	int linkcount;
+	int unk11; // bad name lmao
+	short unk6; // should match up to unk4 on disk
+	char unk7[16]; // padding until next bit
+	short unk8; // should match up to unk5 on disk
+	char unk9[8]; // padding until next bit
+	char unk10[8]; // should match up to unk6 on disk
+};
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+// the way CAI_Nodes are represented in on-disk ain files
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+struct CAI_NodeDisk
+{
+	float x;
+	float y;
+	float z;
+	float yaw;
+	float hulls[MAX_HULLS];
+
+	char unk0;
+	int unk1;
+	short unk2[MAX_HULLS];
+	char unk3[MAX_HULLS];
+	short unk4;
+	short unk5;
+	char unk6[8];
+}; // total size of 68 bytes
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+struct UnkNodeStruct0
+{
+	int index;
+	char unk0;
+	char unk1; // maps to unk1 on disk
+	char pad0[2]; // padding to +8
+
+	float x;
+	float y;
+	float z;
+
+	char pad5[4];
+	int* unk2; // maps to unk5 on disk;
+	char pad1[16]; // pad to +48
+	int unkcount0; // maps to unkcount0 on disk
+
+	char pad2[4]; // pad to +56
+	int* unk3;
+	char pad3[16]; // pad to +80
+	int unkcount1;
+
+	char pad4[132];
+	char unk5;
+};
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+int* pUnkStruct0Count;
+UnkNodeStruct0*** pppUnkNodeStruct0s;
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+struct UnkLinkStruct1
+{
+	short unk0;
+	short unk1;
+	int unk2;
+	char unk3;
+	char unk4;
+	char unk5;
+};
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+int* pUnkLinkStruct1Count;
+UnkLinkStruct1*** pppUnkStruct1s;
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+struct CAI_ScriptNode
+{
+	float x;
+	float y;
+	float z;
+	uint64_t scriptdata;
+};
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+struct CAI_Network
+{
+	// +0
+	char unk0[8];
+	// +8
+	int linkcount; // this is uninitialised and never set on ain build, fun!
+	// +12
+	char unk1[124];
+	// +136
+	int zonecount;
+	// +140
+	char unk2[16];
+	// +156
+	int unk5; // unk8 on disk
+	// +160
+	char unk6[4];
+	// +164
+	int hintcount;
+	// +168
+	short hints[2000]; // these probably aren't actually hints, but there's 1 of them per hint so idk
+	// +4168
+	int scriptnodecount;
+	// +4172
+	CAI_ScriptNode scriptnodes[4000];
+	// +84172
+	int nodecount;
+	// +84176
+	CAI_Node** nodes;
+};
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_ai_dumpAINfileFromLoad;
+
+void DumpAINInfo(CAI_Network* aiNetwork)
+{
+	fs::path writePath(fmt::format("{}/maps/graphs", g_pModName));
+	writePath /= g_pGlobals->m_pMapName;
+	writePath += ".ain";
+
+	// dump from memory
+	spdlog::info("writing ain file {}", writePath.string());
+	spdlog::info("");
+	spdlog::info("");
+	spdlog::info("");
+	spdlog::info("");
+	spdlog::info("");
+
+	std::ofstream writeStream(writePath, std::ofstream::binary);
+	spdlog::info("writing ainet version: {}", AINET_VERSION_NUMBER);
+	writeStream.write((char*)&AINET_VERSION_NUMBER, sizeof(int));
+
+	int mapVersion = g_pGlobals->m_nMapVersion;
+	spdlog::info("writing map version: {}", mapVersion);
+	writeStream.write((char*)&mapVersion, sizeof(int));
+	spdlog::info("writing placeholder crc: {}", PLACEHOLDER_CRC);
+	writeStream.write((char*)&PLACEHOLDER_CRC, sizeof(int));
+
+	int calculatedLinkcount = 0;
+
+	// path nodes
+	spdlog::info("writing nodecount: {}", aiNetwork->nodecount);
+	writeStream.write((char*)&aiNetwork->nodecount, sizeof(int));
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < aiNetwork->nodecount; i++)
+	{
+		// construct on-disk node struct
+		CAI_NodeDisk diskNode;
+		diskNode.x = aiNetwork->nodes[i]->x;
+		diskNode.y = aiNetwork->nodes[i]->y;
+		diskNode.z = aiNetwork->nodes[i]->z;
+		diskNode.yaw = aiNetwork->nodes[i]->yaw;
+		memcpy(diskNode.hulls, aiNetwork->nodes[i]->hulls, sizeof(diskNode.hulls));
+		diskNode.unk0 = (char)aiNetwork->nodes[i]->unk0;
+		diskNode.unk1 = aiNetwork->nodes[i]->unk1;
+
+		for (int j = 0; j < MAX_HULLS; j++)
+		{
+			diskNode.unk2[j] = (short)aiNetwork->nodes[i]->unk2[j];
+			spdlog::info((short)aiNetwork->nodes[i]->unk2[j]);
+		}
+
+		memcpy(diskNode.unk3, aiNetwork->nodes[i]->unk3, sizeof(diskNode.unk3));
+		diskNode.unk4 = aiNetwork->nodes[i]->unk6;
+		diskNode.unk5 =
+			-1; // aiNetwork->nodes[i]->unk8; // this field is wrong, however, it's always -1 in vanilla navmeshes anyway, so no biggie
+		memcpy(diskNode.unk6, aiNetwork->nodes[i]->unk10, sizeof(diskNode.unk6));
+
+		spdlog::info("writing node {} from {} to {:x}", aiNetwork->nodes[i]->index, (void*)aiNetwork->nodes[i], writeStream.tellp());
+		writeStream.write((char*)&diskNode, sizeof(CAI_NodeDisk));
+
+		calculatedLinkcount += aiNetwork->nodes[i]->linkcount;
+	}
+
+	// links
+	spdlog::info("linkcount: {}", aiNetwork->linkcount);
+	spdlog::info("calculated total linkcount: {}", calculatedLinkcount);
+
+	calculatedLinkcount /= 2;
+	if (Cvar_ns_ai_dumpAINfileFromLoad->GetBool())
+	{
+		if (aiNetwork->linkcount == calculatedLinkcount)
+			spdlog::info("caculated linkcount is normal!");
+		else
+			spdlog::warn("calculated linkcount has weird value! this is expected on build!");
+	}
+
+	spdlog::info("writing linkcount: {}", calculatedLinkcount);
+	writeStream.write((char*)&calculatedLinkcount, sizeof(int));
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < aiNetwork->nodecount; i++)
+	{
+		for (int j = 0; j < aiNetwork->nodes[i]->linkcount; j++)
+		{
+			// skip links that don't originate from current node
+			if (aiNetwork->nodes[i]->links[j]->srcId != aiNetwork->nodes[i]->index)
+				continue;
+
+			CAI_NodeLinkDisk diskLink;
+			diskLink.srcId = aiNetwork->nodes[i]->links[j]->srcId;
+			diskLink.destId = aiNetwork->nodes[i]->links[j]->destId;
+			diskLink.unk0 = aiNetwork->nodes[i]->links[j]->unk1;
+			memcpy(diskLink.hulls, aiNetwork->nodes[i]->links[j]->hulls, sizeof(diskLink.hulls));
+
+			spdlog::info("writing link {} => {} to {:x}", diskLink.srcId, diskLink.destId, writeStream.tellp());
+			writeStream.write((char*)&diskLink, sizeof(CAI_NodeLinkDisk));
+		}
+	}
+
+	// don't know what this is, it's likely a block from tf1 that got deprecated? should just be 1 int per node
+	spdlog::info("writing {:x} bytes for unknown block at {:x}", aiNetwork->nodecount * sizeof(uint32_t), writeStream.tellp());
+	uint32_t* unkNodeBlock = new uint32_t[aiNetwork->nodecount];
+	memset(unkNodeBlock, 0, aiNetwork->nodecount * sizeof(uint32_t));
+	writeStream.write((char*)unkNodeBlock, aiNetwork->nodecount * sizeof(uint32_t));
+	delete[] unkNodeBlock;
+
+	// TODO: this is traverse nodes i think? these aren't used in tf2 ains so we can get away with just writing count=0 and skipping
+	// but ideally should actually dump these
+	spdlog::info("writing {} traversal nodes at {:x}...", 0, writeStream.tellp());
+	short traverseNodeCount = 0;
+	writeStream.write((char*)&traverseNodeCount, sizeof(short));
+	// only write count since count=0 means we don't have to actually do anything here
+
+	// TODO: ideally these should be actually dumped, but they're always 0 in tf2 from what i can tell
+	spdlog::info("writing {} bytes for unknown hull block at {:x}", MAX_HULLS * 8, writeStream.tellp());
+	char* unkHullBlock = new char[MAX_HULLS * 8];
+	memset(unkHullBlock, 0, MAX_HULLS * 8);
+	writeStream.write(unkHullBlock, MAX_HULLS * 8);
+	delete[] unkHullBlock;
+
+	// unknown struct that's seemingly node-related
+	spdlog::info("writing {} unknown node structs at {:x}", *pUnkStruct0Count, writeStream.tellp());
+	writeStream.write((char*)pUnkStruct0Count, sizeof(*pUnkStruct0Count));
+	for (int i = 0; i < *pUnkStruct0Count; i++)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("writing unknown node struct {} at {:x}", i, writeStream.tellp());
+		UnkNodeStruct0* nodeStruct = (*pppUnkNodeStruct0s)[i];
+
+		writeStream.write((char*)&nodeStruct->index, sizeof(nodeStruct->index));
+		writeStream.write((char*)&nodeStruct->unk1, sizeof(nodeStruct->unk1));
+
+		writeStream.write((char*)&nodeStruct->x, sizeof(nodeStruct->x));
+		writeStream.write((char*)&nodeStruct->y, sizeof(nodeStruct->y));
+		writeStream.write((char*)&nodeStruct->z, sizeof(nodeStruct->z));
+
+		writeStream.write((char*)&nodeStruct->unkcount0, sizeof(nodeStruct->unkcount0));
+		for (int j = 0; j < nodeStruct->unkcount0; j++)
+		{
+			short unk2Short = (short)nodeStruct->unk2[j];
+			writeStream.write((char*)&unk2Short, sizeof(unk2Short));
+		}
+
+		writeStream.write((char*)&nodeStruct->unkcount1, sizeof(nodeStruct->unkcount1));
+		for (int j = 0; j < nodeStruct->unkcount1; j++)
+		{
+			short unk3Short = (short)nodeStruct->unk3[j];
+			writeStream.write((char*)&unk3Short, sizeof(unk3Short));
+		}
+
+		writeStream.write((char*)&nodeStruct->unk5, sizeof(nodeStruct->unk5));
+	}
+
+	// unknown struct that's seemingly link-related
+	spdlog::info("writing {} unknown link structs at {:x}", *pUnkLinkStruct1Count, writeStream.tellp());
+	writeStream.write((char*)pUnkLinkStruct1Count, sizeof(*pUnkLinkStruct1Count));
+	for (int i = 0; i < *pUnkLinkStruct1Count; i++)
+	{
+		// disk and memory structs are literally identical here so just directly write
+		spdlog::info("writing unknown link struct {} at {:x}", i, writeStream.tellp());
+		writeStream.write((char*)(*pppUnkStruct1s)[i], sizeof(*(*pppUnkStruct1s)[i]));
+	}
+
+	// some weird int idk what this is used for
+	writeStream.write((char*)&aiNetwork->unk5, sizeof(aiNetwork->unk5));
+
+	// tf2-exclusive stuff past this point, i.e. ain v57 only
+	spdlog::info("writing {} script nodes at {:x}", aiNetwork->scriptnodecount, writeStream.tellp());
+	writeStream.write((char*)&aiNetwork->scriptnodecount, sizeof(aiNetwork->scriptnodecount));
+	for (int i = 0; i < aiNetwork->scriptnodecount; i++)
+	{
+		// disk and memory structs are literally identical here so just directly write
+		spdlog::info("writing script node {} at {:x}", i, writeStream.tellp());
+		writeStream.write((char*)&aiNetwork->scriptnodes[i], sizeof(aiNetwork->scriptnodes[i]));
+	}
+
+	spdlog::info("writing {} hints at {:x}", aiNetwork->hintcount, writeStream.tellp());
+	writeStream.write((char*)&aiNetwork->hintcount, sizeof(aiNetwork->hintcount));
+	for (int i = 0; i < aiNetwork->hintcount; i++)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("writing hint data {} at {:x}", i, writeStream.tellp());
+		writeStream.write((char*)&aiNetwork->hints[i], sizeof(aiNetwork->hints[i]));
+	}
+
+	writeStream.close();
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CAI_NetworkBuilder__Build, server.dll + 0x385E20,
+void, __fastcall, (void* builder, CAI_Network* aiNetwork, void* unknown))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	CAI_NetworkBuilder__Build(builder, aiNetwork, unknown);
+
+	DumpAINInfo(aiNetwork);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(LoadAINFile, server.dll + 0x3933A0,
+void, __fastcall, (void* aimanager, void* buf, const char* filename))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	LoadAINFile(aimanager, buf, filename);
+
+	if (Cvar_ns_ai_dumpAINfileFromLoad->GetBool())
+	{
+		spdlog::info("running DumpAINInfo for loaded file {}", filename);
+		DumpAINInfo(*(CAI_Network**)((char*)aimanager + 2536));
+	}
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("server.dll", BuildAINFile, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	Cvar_ns_ai_dumpAINfileFromLoad = new ConVar(
+		"ns_ai_dumpAINfileFromLoad", "0", FCVAR_NONE, "For debugging: whether we should dump ain data for ains loaded from disk");
+
+	pUnkStruct0Count = module.Offset(0x1063BF8).RCast<int*>();
+	pppUnkNodeStruct0s = module.Offset(0x1063BE0).RCast<UnkNodeStruct0***>();
+	pUnkLinkStruct1Count = module.Offset(0x1063AA8).RCast<int*>();
+	pppUnkStruct1s = module.Offset(0x1063A90).RCast<UnkLinkStruct1***>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/server/r2server.cpp b/primedev/server/r2server.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c52f396e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/r2server.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "r2server.h"
+
+CBaseEntity* (*Server_GetEntityByIndex)(int index);
+CBasePlayer*(__fastcall* UTIL_PlayerByIndex)(int playerIndex);
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("server.dll", R2GameServer, (CModule module))
+{
+	Server_GetEntityByIndex = module.Offset(0xFB820).RCast<CBaseEntity* (*)(int)>();
+	UTIL_PlayerByIndex = module.Offset(0x26AA10).RCast<CBasePlayer*(__fastcall*)(int)>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/server/r2server.h b/primedev/server/r2server.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c40cdc1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/r2server.h
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "core/math/vector.h"
+
+// server entity stuff
+class CBaseEntity;
+extern CBaseEntity* (*Server_GetEntityByIndex)(int index);
+
+// clang-format off
+OFFSET_STRUCT(CBasePlayer)
+{
+	FIELD(0x58, uint32_t m_nPlayerIndex)
+
+	FIELD(0x23E8, bool m_grappleActive)
+	FIELD(0x1D08, uint32_t m_platformUserId)
+	FIELD(0x1D10, int32_t m_classModsActive)
+	FIELD(0x1D8C, int32_t m_posClassModsActive)
+	FIELD(0x1DCC, bool m_passives)
+	FIELD(0x4948, int32_t m_selectedOffhand)
+	FIELD(0x1358, int32_t m_selectedOffhandPendingHybridAction)
+	FIELD(0x1E88, int32_t m_playerFlags)
+	FIELD(0x26A8, int32_t m_lastUCmdSimulationTicks)
+	FIELD(0x26AC, float m_lastUCmdSimulationRemainderTime)
+	FIELD(0x1F04, int32_t m_remoteTurret)
+	FIELD(0x414, int32_t m_hGroundEntity)
+	FIELD(0x13B8, int32_t m_titanSoul)
+	FIELD(0x2054, int32_t m_petTitan)
+	FIELD(0x4D4, int32_t m_iHealth)
+	FIELD(0x4D0, int32_t m_iMaxHealth)
+	FIELD(0x4F1, int32_t m_lifeState)
+	FIELD(0x50C, float m_flMaxspeed)
+	FIELD(0x298, int32_t m_fFlags)
+	FIELD(0x1F64, int32_t m_iObserverMode)
+	FIELD(0x1F6C, int32_t m_hObserverTarget)
+	FIELD(0x2098, int32_t m_hViewModel)
+	FIELD(0x27E4, int32_t m_ubEFNointerpParity)
+	FIELD(0x1FA4, int32_t m_activeBurnCardIndex)
+	FIELD(0x1B68, int32_t m_hColorCorrectionCtrl)
+	FIELD(0x19E0, int32_t m_PlayerFog__m_hCtrl)
+	FIELD(0x26BC, bool m_bShouldDrawPlayerWhileUsingViewEntity)
+	FIELD(0x2848, char m_title[32])
+	FIELD(0x2964, bool m_useCredit)
+	FIELD(0x1F40, float m_damageImpulseNoDecelEndTime)
+	FIELD(0x1E8C, bool m_hasMic)
+	FIELD(0x1E8D, bool m_inPartyChat)
+	FIELD(0x1E90, float m_playerMoveSpeedScale)
+	FIELD(0x1F58, float m_flDeathTime)
+	FIELD(0x25A8, bool m_iSpawnParity)
+	FIELD(0x102284, Vector3 m_upDir)
+	FIELD(0x259C, float m_lastDodgeTime)
+	FIELD(0x22E0, bool m_wallHanging)
+	FIELD(0x22EC, int32_t m_traversalType)
+	FIELD(0x22F0, int32_t m_traversalState)
+	FIELD(0x2328, Vector3 m_traversalRefPos)
+	FIELD(0x231C, Vector3 m_traversalForwardDir)
+	FIELD(0x2354, float m_traversalYawDelta)
+	FIELD(0x2358, int32_t m_traversalYawPoseParameter)
+	FIELD(0x2050, int32_t m_grappleHook)
+	FIELD(0x27C0, int32_t m_autoSprintForced)
+	FIELD(0x27C4, bool m_fIsSprinting)
+	FIELD(0x27CC, float m_sprintStartedTime)
+	FIELD(0x27D0, float m_sprintStartedFrac)
+	FIELD(0x27D4, float m_sprintEndedTime)
+	FIELD(0x27D8, float m_sprintEndedFrac)
+	FIELD(0x27DC, float m_stickySprintStartTime)
+	FIELD(0x2998, float m_smartAmmoPreviousHighestLockOnMeFractionValue)
+	FIELD(0x23FC, int32_t m_activeZipline)
+	FIELD(0x2400, bool m_ziplineReverse)
+	FIELD(0x2410, int32_t m_ziplineState)
+	FIELD(0x2250, int32_t m_duckState)
+	FIELD(0x2254, Vector3 m_StandHullMin)
+	FIELD(0x2260, Vector3 m_StandHullMax)
+	FIELD(0x226C, Vector3 m_DuckHullMin)
+	FIELD(0x2278, Vector3 m_DuckHullMax)
+	FIELD(0x205C, int32_t m_xp)
+	FIELD(0x2060, int32_t m_generation)
+	FIELD(0x2064, int32_t m_rank)
+	FIELD(0x2068, int32_t m_serverForceIncreasePlayerListGenerationParity)
+	FIELD(0x206C, bool m_isPlayingRanked)
+	FIELD(0x2070, float m_skill_mu)
+	FIELD(0x1E80, int32_t m_titanSoulBeingRodeoed)
+	FIELD(0x1E84, int32_t m_entitySyncingWithMe)
+	FIELD(0x2078, float m_nextTitanRespawnAvailable)
+	FIELD(0x1C90, bool m_hasBadReputation)
+	FIELD(0x1C91, char m_communityName[64])
+	FIELD(0x1CD1, char m_communityClanTag[16])
+	FIELD(0x1CE1, char m_factionName[16])
+	FIELD(0x1CF1, char m_hardwareIcon[16])
+	FIELD(0x1D01, bool m_happyHourActive)
+	FIELD(0x1EF4, int32_t m_gestureAutoKillBitfield)
+	FIELD(0x2EA8, int32_t m_pilotClassIndex)
+	FIELD(0x100490, Vector3 m_vecAbsOrigin)
+	FIELD(0x25BE, bool m_isPerformingBoostAction)
+	FIELD(0x240C, bool m_ziplineValid3pWeaponLayerAnim)
+	FIELD(0x345C, int32_t m_playerScriptNetDataGlobal)
+	FIELD(0x1598, int32_t m_bZooming)
+	FIELD(0x1599, bool m_zoomToggleOn)
+	FIELD(0x159C, float m_zoomBaseFrac)
+	FIELD(0x15A0, float m_zoomBaseTime)
+	FIELD(0x15A4, float m_zoomFullStartTime)
+	FIELD(0xA04, int32_t m_camoIndex)
+	FIELD(0xA08, int32_t m_decalIndex)
+};
+// clang-format on
+
+extern CBasePlayer*(__fastcall* UTIL_PlayerByIndex)(int playerIndex);
diff --git a/primedev/server/serverchathooks.cpp b/primedev/server/serverchathooks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3ac4776
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/serverchathooks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+#include "serverchathooks.h"
+#include "shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "server/r2server.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include <rapidjson/document.h>
+#include <rapidjson/stringbuffer.h>
+#include <rapidjson/writer.h>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+class CServerGameDLL;
+
+class CRecipientFilter
+{
+	char unknown[58];
+};
+
+CServerGameDLL* g_pServerGameDLL;
+
+void(__fastcall* CServerGameDLL__OnReceivedSayTextMessage)(
+	CServerGameDLL* self, unsigned int senderPlayerId, const char* text, int channelId);
+
+void(__fastcall* CRecipientFilter__Construct)(CRecipientFilter* self);
+void(__fastcall* CRecipientFilter__Destruct)(CRecipientFilter* self);
+void(__fastcall* CRecipientFilter__AddAllPlayers)(CRecipientFilter* self);
+void(__fastcall* CRecipientFilter__AddRecipient)(CRecipientFilter* self, const CBasePlayer* player);
+void(__fastcall* CRecipientFilter__MakeReliable)(CRecipientFilter* self);
+
+void(__fastcall* UserMessageBegin)(CRecipientFilter* filter, const char* messagename);
+void(__fastcall* MessageEnd)();
+void(__fastcall* MessageWriteByte)(int iValue);
+void(__fastcall* MessageWriteString)(const char* sz);
+void(__fastcall* MessageWriteBool)(bool bValue);
+
+bool bShouldCallSayTextHook = false;
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(_CServerGameDLL__OnReceivedSayTextMessage, server.dll + 0x1595C0,
+void, __fastcall, (CServerGameDLL* self, unsigned int senderPlayerId, const char* text, bool isTeam))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	RemoveAsciiControlSequences(const_cast<char*>(text), true);
+
+	// MiniHook doesn't allow calling the base function outside of anywhere but the hook function.
+	// To allow bypassing the hook, isSkippingHook can be set.
+	if (bShouldCallSayTextHook)
+	{
+		bShouldCallSayTextHook = false;
+		_CServerGameDLL__OnReceivedSayTextMessage(self, senderPlayerId, text, isTeam);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// check chat ratelimits
+	if (!g_pServerLimits->CheckChatLimits(&g_pClientArray[senderPlayerId - 1]))
+		return;
+
+	SQRESULT result = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->Call(
+		"CServerGameDLL_ProcessMessageStartThread", static_cast<int>(senderPlayerId) - 1, text, isTeam);
+
+	if (result == SQRESULT_ERROR)
+		_CServerGameDLL__OnReceivedSayTextMessage(self, senderPlayerId, text, isTeam);
+}
+
+void ChatSendMessage(unsigned int playerIndex, const char* text, bool isTeam)
+{
+	bShouldCallSayTextHook = true;
+	CServerGameDLL__OnReceivedSayTextMessage(
+		g_pServerGameDLL,
+		// Ensure the first bit isn't set, since this indicates a custom message
+		(playerIndex + 1) & CUSTOM_MESSAGE_INDEX_MASK,
+		text,
+		isTeam);
+}
+
+void ChatBroadcastMessage(int fromPlayerIndex, int toPlayerIndex, const char* text, bool isTeam, bool isDead, CustomMessageType messageType)
+{
+	CBasePlayer* toPlayer = NULL;
+	if (toPlayerIndex >= 0)
+	{
+		toPlayer = UTIL_PlayerByIndex(toPlayerIndex + 1);
+		if (toPlayer == NULL)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	// Build a new string where the first byte is the message type
+	char sendText[256];
+	sendText[0] = (char)messageType;
+	strncpy_s(sendText + 1, 255, text, 254);
+
+	// Anonymous custom messages use playerId=0, non-anonymous ones use a player ID with the first bit set
+	unsigned int fromPlayerId = fromPlayerIndex < 0 ? 0 : ((fromPlayerIndex + 1) | CUSTOM_MESSAGE_INDEX_BIT);
+
+	CRecipientFilter filter;
+	CRecipientFilter__Construct(&filter);
+	if (toPlayer == NULL)
+	{
+		CRecipientFilter__AddAllPlayers(&filter);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		CRecipientFilter__AddRecipient(&filter, toPlayer);
+	}
+	CRecipientFilter__MakeReliable(&filter);
+
+	UserMessageBegin(&filter, "SayText");
+	MessageWriteByte(fromPlayerId);
+	MessageWriteString(sendText);
+	MessageWriteBool(isTeam);
+	MessageWriteBool(isDead);
+	MessageEnd();
+
+	CRecipientFilter__Destruct(&filter);
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC("void", NSSendMessage, "int playerIndex, string text, bool isTeam", "", ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	int playerIndex = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+	const char* text = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getstring(sqvm, 2);
+	bool isTeam = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getbool(sqvm, 3);
+
+	ChatSendMessage(playerIndex, text, isTeam);
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC(
+	"void",
+	NSBroadcastMessage,
+	"int fromPlayerIndex, int toPlayerIndex, string text, bool isTeam, bool isDead, int messageType",
+	"",
+	ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	int fromPlayerIndex = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+	int toPlayerIndex = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	const char* text = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getstring(sqvm, 3);
+	bool isTeam = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getbool(sqvm, 4);
+	bool isDead = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getbool(sqvm, 5);
+	int messageType = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->getinteger(sqvm, 6);
+
+	if (messageType < 1)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->raiseerror(sqvm, fmt::format("Invalid message type {}", messageType).c_str());
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	ChatBroadcastMessage(fromPlayerIndex, toPlayerIndex, text, isTeam, isDead, (CustomMessageType)messageType);
+
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", EngineServerChatHooks, (CModule module))
+{
+	g_pServerGameDLL = module.Offset(0x13F0AA98).RCast<CServerGameDLL*>();
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("server.dll", ServerChatHooks, ServerSquirrel, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(server.dll)
+
+	CServerGameDLL__OnReceivedSayTextMessage =
+		module.Offset(0x1595C0).RCast<void(__fastcall*)(CServerGameDLL*, unsigned int, const char*, int)>();
+	CRecipientFilter__Construct = module.Offset(0x1E9440).RCast<void(__fastcall*)(CRecipientFilter*)>();
+	CRecipientFilter__Destruct = module.Offset(0x1E9700).RCast<void(__fastcall*)(CRecipientFilter*)>();
+	CRecipientFilter__AddAllPlayers = module.Offset(0x1E9940).RCast<void(__fastcall*)(CRecipientFilter*)>();
+	CRecipientFilter__AddRecipient = module.Offset(0x1E9B30).RCast<void(__fastcall*)(CRecipientFilter*, const CBasePlayer*)>();
+	CRecipientFilter__MakeReliable = module.Offset(0x1EA4E0).RCast<void(__fastcall*)(CRecipientFilter*)>();
+
+	UserMessageBegin = module.Offset(0x15C520).RCast<void(__fastcall*)(CRecipientFilter*, const char*)>();
+	MessageEnd = module.Offset(0x158880).RCast<void(__fastcall*)()>();
+	MessageWriteByte = module.Offset(0x158A90).RCast<void(__fastcall*)(int)>();
+	MessageWriteString = module.Offset(0x158D00).RCast<void(__fastcall*)(const char*)>();
+	MessageWriteBool = module.Offset(0x158A00).RCast<void(__fastcall*)(bool)>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/server/serverchathooks.h b/primedev/server/serverchathooks.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d033e769
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/serverchathooks.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <rapidjson/document.h>
+#include <rapidjson/stringbuffer.h>
+
+enum class CustomMessageType : char
+{
+	Chat = 1,
+	Whisper = 2
+};
+
+constexpr unsigned char CUSTOM_MESSAGE_INDEX_BIT = 0b10000000;
+constexpr unsigned char CUSTOM_MESSAGE_INDEX_MASK = (unsigned char)~CUSTOM_MESSAGE_INDEX_BIT;
+
+// Send a vanilla chat message as if it was from the player.
+void ChatSendMessage(unsigned int playerIndex, const char* text, bool isteam);
+
+// Send a custom message.
+//   fromPlayerIndex: set to -1 for a [SERVER] message, or another value to send from a specific player
+//   toPlayerIndex: set to -1 to send to all players, or another value to send to a single player
+//   isTeam: display a [TEAM] badge
+//   isDead: display a [DEAD] badge
+//   messageType: send a specific message type
+void ChatBroadcastMessage(
+	int fromPlayerIndex, int toPlayerIndex, const char* text, bool isTeam, bool isDead, CustomMessageType messageType);
diff --git a/primedev/server/servernethooks.cpp b/primedev/server/servernethooks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..148b735f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/servernethooks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <bcrypt.h>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+static ConVar* Cvar_net_debug_atlas_packet;
+static ConVar* Cvar_net_debug_atlas_packet_insecure;
+
+static BCRYPT_ALG_HANDLE HMACSHA256;
+constexpr size_t HMACSHA256_LEN = 256 / 8;
+
+static bool InitHMACSHA256()
+{
+	NTSTATUS status;
+	DWORD hashLength = 0;
+	ULONG hashLengthSz = 0;
+
+	if ((status = BCryptOpenAlgorithmProvider(&HMACSHA256, BCRYPT_SHA256_ALGORITHM, NULL, BCRYPT_ALG_HANDLE_HMAC_FLAG)))
+	{
+		spdlog::error("failed to initialize HMAC-SHA256: BCryptOpenAlgorithmProvider: error 0x{:08X}", (ULONG)status);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if ((status = BCryptGetProperty(HMACSHA256, BCRYPT_HASH_LENGTH, (PUCHAR)&hashLength, sizeof(hashLength), &hashLengthSz, 0)))
+	{
+		spdlog::error("failed to initialize HMAC-SHA256: BCryptGetProperty(BCRYPT_HASH_LENGTH): error 0x{:08X}", (ULONG)status);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (hashLength != HMACSHA256_LEN)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("failed to initialize HMAC-SHA256: BCryptGetProperty(BCRYPT_HASH_LENGTH): unexpected value {}", hashLength);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+// compare the HMAC-SHA256(data, key) against sig (note: all strings are treated as raw binary data)
+static bool VerifyHMACSHA256(std::string key, std::string sig, std::string data)
+{
+	uint8_t invalid = 1;
+	char hash[HMACSHA256_LEN];
+
+	NTSTATUS status;
+	BCRYPT_HASH_HANDLE h = NULL;
+
+	if ((status = BCryptCreateHash(HMACSHA256, &h, NULL, 0, (PUCHAR)key.c_str(), (ULONG)key.length(), 0)))
+	{
+		spdlog::error("failed to verify HMAC-SHA256: BCryptCreateHash: error 0x{:08X}", (ULONG)status);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if ((status = BCryptHashData(h, (PUCHAR)data.c_str(), (ULONG)data.length(), 0)))
+	{
+		spdlog::error("failed to verify HMAC-SHA256: BCryptHashData: error 0x{:08X}", (ULONG)status);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if ((status = BCryptFinishHash(h, (PUCHAR)&hash, (ULONG)sizeof(hash), 0)))
+	{
+		spdlog::error("failed to verify HMAC-SHA256: BCryptFinishHash: error 0x{:08X}", (ULONG)status);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	// constant-time compare
+	if (sig.length() == sizeof(hash))
+	{
+		invalid = 0;
+		for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(hash); i++)
+			invalid |= (uint8_t)(sig[i]) ^ (uint8_t)(hash[i]);
+	}
+
+cleanup:
+	if (h)
+		BCryptDestroyHash(h);
+	return !invalid;
+}
+
+// v1 HMACSHA256-signed masterserver request (HMAC-SHA256(JSONData, MasterServerToken) + JSONData)
+static void ProcessAtlasConnectionlessPacketSigreq1(netpacket_t* packet, bool dbg, std::string pType, std::string pData)
+{
+	if (pData.length() < HMACSHA256_LEN)
+	{
+		if (dbg)
+			spdlog::warn("ignoring Atlas connectionless packet (size={} type={}): invalid: too short for signature", packet->size, pType);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	std::string pSig; // is binary data, not actually an ASCII string
+	pSig = pData.substr(0, HMACSHA256_LEN);
+	pData = pData.substr(HMACSHA256_LEN);
+
+	if (!g_pMasterServerManager || !g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerAuthToken[0])
+	{
+		if (dbg)
+			spdlog::warn(
+				"ignoring Atlas connectionless packet (size={} type={}): invalid (data={}): no masterserver token yet",
+				packet->size,
+				pType,
+				pData);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!VerifyHMACSHA256(std::string(g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerAuthToken), pSig, pData))
+	{
+		if (!Cvar_net_debug_atlas_packet_insecure->GetBool())
+		{
+			if (dbg)
+				spdlog::warn(
+					"ignoring Atlas connectionless packet (size={} type={}): invalid: invalid signature (key={})",
+					packet->size,
+					pType,
+					std::string(g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnServerAuthToken));
+			return;
+		}
+		spdlog::warn(
+			"processing Atlas connectionless packet (size={} type={}) with invalid signature due to net_debug_atlas_packet_insecure",
+			packet->size,
+			pType);
+	}
+
+	if (dbg)
+		spdlog::info("got Atlas connectionless packet (size={} type={} data={})", packet->size, pType, pData);
+
+	std::thread t(&MasterServerManager::ProcessConnectionlessPacketSigreq1, g_pMasterServerManager, pData);
+	t.detach();
+
+	return;
+}
+
+static void ProcessAtlasConnectionlessPacket(netpacket_t* packet)
+{
+	bool dbg = Cvar_net_debug_atlas_packet->GetBool();
+
+	// extract kind, null-terminated type, data
+	std::string pType, pData;
+	for (int i = 5; i < packet->size; i++)
+	{
+		if (packet->data[i] == '\x00')
+		{
+			pType.assign((char*)(&packet->data[5]), (size_t)(i - 5));
+			if (i + 1 < packet->size)
+				pData.assign((char*)(&packet->data[i + 1]), (size_t)(packet->size - i - 1));
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// note: all Atlas connectionless packets should be idempotent so multiple attempts can be made to mitigate packet loss
+	// note: all long-running Atlas connectionless packet handlers should be started in a new thread (with copies of the data) to avoid
+	// blocking networking
+
+	// v1 HMACSHA256-signed masterserver request
+	if (pType == "sigreq1")
+	{
+		ProcessAtlasConnectionlessPacketSigreq1(packet, dbg, pType, pData);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (dbg)
+		spdlog::warn("ignoring Atlas connectionless packet (size={} type={}): unknown type", packet->size, pType);
+	return;
+}
+
+AUTOHOOK(ProcessConnectionlessPacket, engine.dll + 0x117800, bool, , (void* a1, netpacket_t* packet))
+{
+	// packet->data consists of 0xFFFFFFFF (int32 -1) to indicate packets aren't split, followed by a header consisting of a single
+	// character, which is used to uniquely identify the packet kind. Most kinds follow this with a null-terminated string payload
+	// then an arbitrary amoount of data.
+
+	// T (no rate limits since we authenticate packets before doing anything expensive)
+	if (4 < packet->size && packet->data[4] == 'T')
+	{
+		ProcessAtlasConnectionlessPacket(packet);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// check rate limits for the original unconnected packets
+	if (!g_pServerLimits->CheckConnectionlessPacketLimits(packet))
+		return false;
+
+	// A, H, I, N
+	return ProcessConnectionlessPacket(a1, packet);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", ServerNetHooks, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(engine.dll)
+
+	if (!InitHMACSHA256())
+		throw std::runtime_error("failed to initialize bcrypt");
+
+	if (!VerifyHMACSHA256(
+			"test",
+			"\x88\xcd\x21\x08\xb5\x34\x7d\x97\x3c\xf3\x9c\xdf\x90\x53\xd7\xdd\x42\x70\x48\x76\xd8\xc9\xa9\xbd\x8e\x2d\x16\x82\x59\xd3\xdd"
+			"\xf7",
+			"test"))
+		throw std::runtime_error("bcrypt HMAC-SHA256 is broken");
+
+	Cvar_net_debug_atlas_packet = new ConVar(
+		"net_debug_atlas_packet",
+		"0",
+		FCVAR_NONE,
+		"Whether to log detailed debugging information for Atlas connectionless packets (warning: this allows unlimited amounts of "
+		"arbitrary data to be logged)");
+
+	Cvar_net_debug_atlas_packet_insecure = new ConVar(
+		"net_debug_atlas_packet_insecure",
+		"0",
+		FCVAR_NONE,
+		"Whether to disable signature verification for Atlas connectionless packets (DANGEROUS: this allows anyone to impersonate Atlas)");
+}
diff --git a/primedev/server/serverpresence.cpp b/primedev/server/serverpresence.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..159b9f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/serverpresence.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+#include "serverpresence.h"
+#include "shared/playlist.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+
+#include <regex>
+
+ServerPresenceManager* g_pServerPresence;
+
+ConVar* Cvar_hostname;
+
+// Convert a hex digit char to integer.
+inline int hctod(char c)
+{
+	if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+	{
+		return c - 'A' + 10;
+	}
+	else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+	{
+		return c - 'a' + 10;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return c - '0';
+	}
+}
+
+// This function interprets all 4-hexadecimal-digit unicode codepoint characters like \u4E2D to UTF-8 encoding.
+std::string UnescapeUnicode(const std::string& str)
+{
+	std::string result;
+
+	std::regex r("\\\\u([a-f\\d]{4})", std::regex::icase);
+	auto matches_begin = std::sregex_iterator(str.begin(), str.end(), r);
+	auto matches_end = std::sregex_iterator();
+	std::smatch last_match;
+
+	for (std::sregex_iterator i = matches_begin; i != matches_end; ++i)
+	{
+		last_match = *i;
+		result.append(last_match.prefix());
+		unsigned int cp = 0;
+		for (int i = 2; i <= 5; ++i)
+		{
+			cp *= 16;
+			cp += hctod(last_match.str()[i]);
+		}
+		if (cp <= 0x7F)
+		{
+			result.push_back(cp);
+		}
+		else if (cp <= 0x7FF)
+		{
+			result.push_back((cp >> 6) | 0b11000000 & (~(1 << 5)));
+			result.push_back(cp & ((1 << 6) - 1) | 0b10000000 & (~(1 << 6)));
+		}
+		else if (cp <= 0xFFFF)
+		{
+			result.push_back((cp >> 12) | 0b11100000 & (~(1 << 4)));
+			result.push_back((cp >> 6) & ((1 << 6) - 1) | 0b10000000 & (~(1 << 6)));
+			result.push_back(cp & ((1 << 6) - 1) | 0b10000000 & (~(1 << 6)));
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!last_match.ready())
+		return str;
+	else
+		result.append(last_match.suffix());
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::CreateConVars()
+{
+	// clang-format off
+	// register convars
+	Cvar_ns_server_presence_update_rate = new ConVar(
+		"ns_server_presence_update_rate", "5000", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "How often we update our server's presence on server lists in ms");
+
+	Cvar_ns_server_name = new ConVar("ns_server_name", "Unnamed Northstar Server", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "This server's name", false, 0, false, 0, [](ConVar* cvar, const char* pOldValue, float flOldValue) {
+			g_pServerPresence->SetName(UnescapeUnicode(g_pServerPresence->Cvar_ns_server_name->GetString()));
+
+			// update engine hostname cvar
+			Cvar_hostname->SetValue(g_pServerPresence->Cvar_ns_server_name->GetString());
+		});
+
+	Cvar_ns_server_desc = new ConVar("ns_server_desc", "Default server description", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "This server's description", false, 0, false, 0, [](ConVar* cvar, const char* pOldValue, float flOldValue) {
+			g_pServerPresence->SetDescription(UnescapeUnicode(g_pServerPresence->Cvar_ns_server_desc->GetString()));
+		});
+
+	Cvar_ns_server_password = new ConVar("ns_server_password", "", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "This server's password", false, 0, false, 0, [](ConVar* cvar, const char* pOldValue, float flOldValue) {
+			g_pServerPresence->SetPassword(g_pServerPresence->Cvar_ns_server_password->GetString());
+		});
+
+	Cvar_ns_report_server_to_masterserver = new ConVar("ns_report_server_to_masterserver", "1", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "Whether we should report this server to the masterserver");
+	Cvar_ns_report_sp_server_to_masterserver = new ConVar("ns_report_sp_server_to_masterserver", "0", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "Whether we should report this server to the masterserver, when started in singleplayer");
+	// clang-format on
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::AddPresenceReporter(ServerPresenceReporter* reporter)
+{
+	m_vPresenceReporters.push_back(reporter);
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::CreatePresence()
+{
+	// reset presence fields that rely on runtime server state
+	// these being: port, map/playlist name, and playercount/maxplayers
+	m_ServerPresence.m_iPort = 0;
+
+	m_ServerPresence.m_iPlayerCount = 0; // this should actually be 0 at this point, so shouldn't need updating later
+	m_ServerPresence.m_iMaxPlayers = 0;
+
+	memset(m_ServerPresence.m_MapName, 0, sizeof(m_ServerPresence.m_MapName));
+	memset(m_ServerPresence.m_PlaylistName, 0, sizeof(m_ServerPresence.m_PlaylistName));
+	m_ServerPresence.m_bIsSingleplayerServer = false;
+
+	m_bHasPresence = true;
+	m_bFirstPresenceUpdate = true;
+
+	// code that's calling this should set up the reset fields at this point
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::DestroyPresence()
+{
+	m_bHasPresence = false;
+
+	for (ServerPresenceReporter* reporter : m_vPresenceReporters)
+		reporter->DestroyPresence(&m_ServerPresence);
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::RunFrame(double flCurrentTime)
+{
+	if (!m_bHasPresence || !Cvar_ns_report_server_to_masterserver->GetBool()) // don't run until we actually have server presence
+		return;
+
+	// don't run if we're sp and don't want to report sp
+	if (m_ServerPresence.m_bIsSingleplayerServer && !Cvar_ns_report_sp_server_to_masterserver->GetBool())
+		return;
+
+	// Call RunFrame() so that reporters can, for example, handle std::future results as soon as they arrive.
+	for (ServerPresenceReporter* reporter : m_vPresenceReporters)
+		reporter->RunFrame(flCurrentTime, &m_ServerPresence);
+
+	// run on a specified delay
+	if ((flCurrentTime - m_flLastPresenceUpdate) * 1000 < Cvar_ns_server_presence_update_rate->GetFloat())
+		return;
+
+	// is this the first frame we're updating this presence?
+	if (m_bFirstPresenceUpdate)
+	{
+		// let reporters setup/clear any state
+		for (ServerPresenceReporter* reporter : m_vPresenceReporters)
+			reporter->CreatePresence(&m_ServerPresence);
+
+		m_bFirstPresenceUpdate = false;
+	}
+
+	m_flLastPresenceUpdate = flCurrentTime;
+
+	for (ServerPresenceReporter* reporter : m_vPresenceReporters)
+		reporter->ReportPresence(&m_ServerPresence);
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::SetPort(const int iPort)
+{
+	// update port
+	m_ServerPresence.m_iPort = iPort;
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::SetName(const std::string sServerNameUnicode)
+{
+	// update name
+	m_ServerPresence.m_sServerName = sServerNameUnicode;
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::SetDescription(const std::string sServerDescUnicode)
+{
+	// update desc
+	m_ServerPresence.m_sServerDesc = sServerDescUnicode;
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::SetPassword(const char* pPassword)
+{
+	// update password
+	strncpy_s(m_ServerPresence.m_Password, sizeof(m_ServerPresence.m_Password), pPassword, sizeof(m_ServerPresence.m_Password) - 1);
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::SetMap(const char* pMapName, bool isInitialising)
+{
+	// if the server is initialising (i.e. this is first map) on sp, set the server to sp
+	if (isInitialising)
+		m_ServerPresence.m_bIsSingleplayerServer = !strncmp(pMapName, "sp_", 3);
+
+	// update map
+	strncpy_s(m_ServerPresence.m_MapName, sizeof(m_ServerPresence.m_MapName), pMapName, sizeof(m_ServerPresence.m_MapName) - 1);
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::SetPlaylist(const char* pPlaylistName)
+{
+	// update playlist
+	strncpy_s(
+		m_ServerPresence.m_PlaylistName,
+		sizeof(m_ServerPresence.m_PlaylistName),
+		pPlaylistName,
+		sizeof(m_ServerPresence.m_PlaylistName) - 1);
+
+	// update maxplayers
+	const char* pMaxPlayers = R2::GetCurrentPlaylistVar("max_players", true);
+
+	// can be null in some situations, so default 6
+	if (pMaxPlayers)
+		m_ServerPresence.m_iMaxPlayers = std::stoi(pMaxPlayers);
+	else
+		m_ServerPresence.m_iMaxPlayers = 6;
+}
+
+void ServerPresenceManager::SetPlayerCount(const int iPlayerCount)
+{
+	m_ServerPresence.m_iPlayerCount = iPlayerCount;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", ServerPresence, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	g_pServerPresence->CreateConVars();
+	Cvar_hostname = module.Offset(0x1315BAE8).Deref().RCast<ConVar*>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/server/serverpresence.h b/primedev/server/serverpresence.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c644cc37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/server/serverpresence.h
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+
+struct ServerPresence
+{
+public:
+	int m_iPort;
+
+	std::string m_sServerId;
+
+	std::string m_sServerName;
+	std::string m_sServerDesc;
+	char m_Password[256]; // probably bigger than will ever be used in practice, lol
+
+	char m_MapName[32];
+	char m_PlaylistName[64];
+	bool m_bIsSingleplayerServer; // whether the server started in sp
+
+	int m_iPlayerCount;
+	int m_iMaxPlayers;
+
+	ServerPresence()
+	{
+		memset(this, 0, sizeof(this));
+	}
+
+	ServerPresence(const ServerPresence* obj)
+	{
+		m_iPort = obj->m_iPort;
+
+		m_sServerId = obj->m_sServerId;
+
+		m_sServerName = obj->m_sServerName;
+		m_sServerDesc = obj->m_sServerDesc;
+		memcpy(m_Password, obj->m_Password, sizeof(m_Password));
+
+		memcpy(m_MapName, obj->m_MapName, sizeof(m_MapName));
+		memcpy(m_PlaylistName, obj->m_PlaylistName, sizeof(m_PlaylistName));
+
+		m_iPlayerCount = obj->m_iPlayerCount;
+		m_iMaxPlayers = obj->m_iMaxPlayers;
+	}
+};
+
+class ServerPresenceReporter
+{
+public:
+	virtual void CreatePresence(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence) {}
+	virtual void ReportPresence(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence) {}
+	virtual void DestroyPresence(const ServerPresence* pServerPresence) {}
+	virtual void RunFrame(double flCurrentTime, const ServerPresence* pServerPresence) {}
+};
+
+class ServerPresenceManager
+{
+private:
+	ServerPresence m_ServerPresence;
+
+	bool m_bHasPresence = false;
+	bool m_bFirstPresenceUpdate = false;
+
+	std::vector<ServerPresenceReporter*> m_vPresenceReporters;
+
+	double m_flLastPresenceUpdate = 0;
+	ConVar* Cvar_ns_server_presence_update_rate;
+
+	ConVar* Cvar_ns_server_name;
+	ConVar* Cvar_ns_server_desc;
+	ConVar* Cvar_ns_server_password;
+
+	ConVar* Cvar_ns_report_server_to_masterserver;
+	ConVar* Cvar_ns_report_sp_server_to_masterserver;
+
+public:
+	void AddPresenceReporter(ServerPresenceReporter* reporter);
+
+	void CreateConVars();
+
+	void CreatePresence();
+	void DestroyPresence();
+	void RunFrame(double flCurrentTime);
+
+	void SetPort(const int iPort);
+
+	void SetName(const std::string sServerNameUnicode);
+	void SetDescription(const std::string sServerDescUnicode);
+	void SetPassword(const char* pPassword);
+
+	void SetMap(const char* pMapName, bool isInitialising = false);
+	void SetPlaylist(const char* pPlaylistName);
+	void SetPlayerCount(const int iPlayerCount);
+};
+
+extern ServerPresenceManager* g_pServerPresence;
diff --git a/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes.cpp b/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8064d5ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,461 @@
+#include "core/convar/cvar.h"
+#include "ns_limits.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "client/r2client.h"
+#include "core/math/vector.h"
+#include "core/vanilla.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_exploitfixes_log;
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_should_log_all_clientcommands;
+
+ConVar* Cvar_sv_cheats;
+
+#define BLOCKED_INFO(s)                                                                                                                    \
+	(                                                                                                                                      \
+		[=]() -> bool                                                                                                                      \
+		{                                                                                                                                  \
+			if (Cvar_ns_exploitfixes_log->GetBool())                                                                                       \
+			{                                                                                                                              \
+				std::stringstream stream;                                                                                                  \
+				stream << "ExploitFixes.cpp: " << BLOCK_PREFIX << s;                                                                       \
+				spdlog::error(stream.str());                                                                                               \
+			}                                                                                                                              \
+			return false;                                                                                                                  \
+		}())
+
+// block bad netmessages
+// Servers can literally request a screenshot from any client, yeah no
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CLC_Screenshot_WriteToBuffer, engine.dll + 0x22AF20, 
+bool, __fastcall, (void* thisptr, void* buffer)) // 48 89 5C 24 ? 57 48 83 EC 20 8B 42 10
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (g_pVanillaCompatibility->GetVanillaCompatibility())
+		return CLC_Screenshot_WriteToBuffer(thisptr, buffer);
+	return false;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CLC_Screenshot_ReadFromBuffer, engine.dll + 0x221F00, 
+bool, __fastcall, (void* thisptr, void* buffer)) // 48 89 5C 24 ? 48 89 6C 24 ? 48 89 74 24 ? 57 48 83 EC 20 48 8B DA 48 8B 52 38
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (g_pVanillaCompatibility->GetVanillaCompatibility())
+		return CLC_Screenshot_ReadFromBuffer(thisptr, buffer);
+	return false;
+}
+
+// This is unused ingame and a big client=>server=>client exploit vector
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(Base_CmdKeyValues_ReadFromBuffer, engine.dll + 0x220040,
+bool, __fastcall, (void* thisptr, void* buffer)) // 40 55 48 81 EC ? ? ? ? 48 8D 6C 24 ? 48 89 5D 70
+// clang-format on
+{
+	return false;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CClient_ProcessSetConVar, engine.dll + 0x75CF0,
+bool, __fastcall, (void* pMsg)) // 48 8B D1 48 8B 49 18 48 8B 01 48 FF 60 10
+// clang-format on
+{
+
+	constexpr int ENTRY_STR_LEN = 260;
+	struct SetConVarEntry
+	{
+		char name[ENTRY_STR_LEN];
+		char val[ENTRY_STR_LEN];
+	};
+
+	struct NET_SetConVar
+	{
+		void* vtable;
+		void* unk1;
+		void* unk2;
+		void* m_pMessageHandler;
+		SetConVarEntry* m_ConVars; // convar entry array
+		void* unk5; // these 2 unks are just vector capacity or whatever
+		void* unk6;
+		int m_ConVars_count; // amount of cvar entries in array (this will not be out of bounds)
+	};
+
+	auto msg = (NET_SetConVar*)pMsg;
+	bool bIsServerFrame = ThreadInServerFrameThread();
+
+	std::string BLOCK_PREFIX =
+		std::string {"NET_SetConVar ("} + (bIsServerFrame ? "server" : "client") + "): Blocked dangerous/invalid msg: ";
+
+	if (bIsServerFrame)
+	{
+		constexpr int SETCONVAR_SANITY_AMOUNT_LIMIT = 69;
+		if (msg->m_ConVars_count < 1 || msg->m_ConVars_count > SETCONVAR_SANITY_AMOUNT_LIMIT)
+		{
+			return BLOCKED_INFO("Invalid m_ConVars_count (" << msg->m_ConVars_count << ")");
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < msg->m_ConVars_count; i++)
+	{
+		auto entry = msg->m_ConVars + i;
+
+		// Safety check for memory access
+		if (CMemoryAddress(entry).IsMemoryReadable(sizeof(*entry)))
+		{
+			// Find null terminators
+			bool nameValid = false, valValid = false;
+			for (int i = 0; i < ENTRY_STR_LEN; i++)
+			{
+				if (!entry->name[i])
+					nameValid = true;
+				if (!entry->val[i])
+					valValid = true;
+			}
+
+			if (!nameValid || !valValid)
+				return BLOCKED_INFO("Missing null terminators");
+
+			ConVar* pVar = g_pCVar->FindVar(entry->name);
+
+			if (pVar)
+			{
+				memcpy(
+					entry->name,
+					pVar->m_ConCommandBase.m_pszName,
+					strlen(pVar->m_ConCommandBase.m_pszName) + 1); // Force name to match case
+
+				int iFlags = bIsServerFrame ? FCVAR_USERINFO : FCVAR_REPLICATED;
+				if (!pVar->IsFlagSet(iFlags))
+					return BLOCKED_INFO(
+						"Invalid flags (" << std::hex << "0x" << pVar->m_ConCommandBase.m_nFlags << "), var is " << entry->name);
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return BLOCKED_INFO("Unreadable memory at " << (void*)entry); // Not risking that one, they all gotta be readable
+		}
+	}
+
+	return CClient_ProcessSetConVar(msg);
+}
+
+// prevent invalid user CMDs
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CClient_ProcessUsercmds, engine.dll + 0x1040F0,
+bool, __fastcall, (void* thisptr, void* pMsg)) // 40 55 56 48 83 EC 58
+// clang-format on
+{
+	struct CLC_Move
+	{
+		BYTE gap0[24];
+		void* m_pMessageHandler;
+		int m_nBackupCommands;
+		int m_nNewCommands;
+		int m_nLength;
+		// bf_read m_DataIn;
+		// bf_write m_DataOut;
+	};
+
+	auto msg = (CLC_Move*)pMsg;
+
+	const char* BLOCK_PREFIX = "ProcessUserCmds: ";
+
+	if (msg->m_nBackupCommands < 0)
+	{
+		return BLOCKED_INFO("Invalid m_nBackupCommands (" << msg->m_nBackupCommands << ")");
+	}
+
+	if (msg->m_nNewCommands < 0)
+	{
+		return BLOCKED_INFO("Invalid m_nNewCommands (" << msg->m_nNewCommands << ")");
+	}
+
+	if (msg->m_nLength <= 0)
+		return BLOCKED_INFO("Invalid message length (" << msg->m_nLength << ")");
+
+	return CClient_ProcessUsercmds(thisptr, pMsg);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(ReadUsercmd, server.dll + 0x2603F0,
+void, __fastcall, (void* buf, void* pCmd_move, void* pCmd_from)) // 4C 89 44 24 ? 53 55 56 57
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// Let normal usercmd read happen first, it's safe
+	ReadUsercmd(buf, pCmd_move, pCmd_from);
+
+	// Now let's make sure the CMD we read isnt messed up to prevent numerous exploits (including server crashing)
+	struct alignas(4) SV_CUserCmd
+	{
+		DWORD command_number;
+		DWORD tick_count;
+		float command_time;
+		Vector3 worldViewAngles;
+		BYTE gap18[4];
+		Vector3 localViewAngles;
+		Vector3 attackangles;
+		Vector3 move;
+		DWORD buttons;
+		BYTE impulse;
+		short weaponselect;
+		DWORD meleetarget;
+		BYTE gap4C[24];
+		char headoffset;
+		BYTE gap65[11];
+		Vector3 cameraPos;
+		Vector3 cameraAngles;
+		BYTE gap88[4];
+		int tickSomething;
+		DWORD dword90;
+		DWORD predictedServerEventAck;
+		DWORD dword98;
+		float frameTime;
+	};
+
+	auto cmd = (SV_CUserCmd*)pCmd_move;
+	auto fromCmd = (SV_CUserCmd*)pCmd_from;
+
+	std::string BLOCK_PREFIX =
+		"ReadUsercmd (command_number delta: " + std::to_string(cmd->command_number - fromCmd->command_number) + "): ";
+
+	// fix invalid player angles
+	cmd->worldViewAngles.MakeValid();
+	cmd->attackangles.MakeValid();
+	cmd->localViewAngles.MakeValid();
+
+	// Fix invalid camera angles
+	cmd->cameraPos.MakeValid();
+	cmd->cameraAngles.MakeValid();
+
+	// Fix invaid movement vector
+	cmd->move.MakeValid();
+
+	if (cmd->frameTime <= 0 || cmd->tick_count == 0 || cmd->command_time <= 0)
+	{
+		BLOCKED_INFO(
+			"Bogus cmd timing (tick_count: " << cmd->tick_count << ", frameTime: " << cmd->frameTime
+											 << ", commandTime : " << cmd->command_time << ")");
+		goto INVALID_CMD; // No simulation of bogus-timed cmds
+	}
+
+	return;
+
+INVALID_CMD:
+
+	// Fix any gameplay-affecting cmd properties
+	// NOTE: Currently tickcount/frametime is set to 0, this ~shouldn't~ cause any problems
+	cmd->worldViewAngles = cmd->localViewAngles = cmd->attackangles = cmd->cameraAngles = {0, 0, 0};
+	cmd->tick_count = cmd->frameTime = 0;
+	cmd->move = cmd->cameraPos = {0, 0, 0};
+	cmd->buttons = 0;
+	cmd->meleetarget = 0;
+}
+
+// ensure that GetLocalBaseClient().m_bRestrictServerCommands is set correctly, which the return value of this function controls
+// this is IsValveMod in source, but we're making it IsRespawnMod now since valve didn't make this one
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(IsRespawnMod, engine.dll + 0x1C6360,
+bool, __fastcall, (const char* pModName)) // 48 83 EC 28 48 8B 0D ? ? ? ? 48 8D 15 ? ? ? ? E8 ? ? ? ? 85 C0 74 63
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// somewhat temp, store the modname here, since we don't have a proper ptr in engine to it rn
+	int iSize = strlen(pModName);
+	g_pModName = new char[iSize + 1];
+	strcpy(g_pModName, pModName);
+
+	if (g_pVanillaCompatibility->GetVanillaCompatibility())
+		return false;
+
+	return (!strcmp("r2", pModName) || !strcmp("r1", pModName)) && !CommandLine()->CheckParm("-norestrictservercommands");
+}
+
+// ratelimit stringcmds, and prevent remote clients from calling commands that they shouldn't
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CGameClient__ExecuteStringCommand, engine.dll + 0x1022E0,
+bool, __fastcall, (CBaseClient* self, uint32_t unknown, const char* pCommandString))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (Cvar_ns_should_log_all_clientcommands->GetBool())
+		spdlog::info("player {} (UID: {}) sent command: \"{}\"", self->m_Name, self->m_UID, pCommandString);
+
+	if (!g_pServerLimits->CheckStringCommandLimits(self))
+	{
+		CBaseClient__Disconnect(self, 1, "Sent too many stringcmd commands");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// verify the command we're trying to execute is FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS, if it's a concommand
+	char* commandBuf[1040]; // assumedly this is the size of CCommand since we don't have an actual constructor
+	memset(commandBuf, 0, sizeof(commandBuf));
+	CCommand tempCommand = *(CCommand*)&commandBuf;
+
+	if (!CCommand__Tokenize(tempCommand, pCommandString, cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode) || !tempCommand.ArgC())
+		return false;
+
+	ConCommand* command = g_pCVar->FindCommand(tempCommand.Arg(0));
+
+	// if the command doesn't exist pass it on to ExecuteStringCommand for script clientcommands and stuff
+	if (command && !command->IsFlagSet(FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS))
+	{
+		// ensure FCVAR_GAMEDLL concommands without FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS can't be executed by remote clients
+		if (IsDedicatedServer())
+			return false;
+
+		if (strcmp(self->m_UID, g_pLocalPlayerUserID))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	// check for and block abusable legacy portal 2 commands
+	// these aren't actually concommands weirdly enough, they seem to just be hardcoded
+	if (!Cvar_sv_cheats->GetBool())
+	{
+		constexpr const char* blockedCommands[] = {
+			"emit", // Sound-playing exploit (likely for Portal 2 coop devs testing splitscreen sound or something)
+
+			// These both execute a command for every single entity for some reason, nice one valve
+			"pre_go_to_hub",
+			"pre_go_to_calibration",
+
+			"end_movie", // Calls "__MovieFinished" script function, not sure exactly what this does but it certainly isn't needed
+			"load_recent_checkpoint" // This is the instant-respawn exploit, literally just calls RespawnPlayer()
+		};
+
+		int iCmdLength = strlen(tempCommand.Arg(0));
+
+		bool bIsBadCommand = false;
+		for (auto& blockedCommand : blockedCommands)
+		{
+			if (iCmdLength != strlen(blockedCommand))
+				continue;
+
+			for (int i = 0; tempCommand.Arg(0)[i]; i++)
+				if (tolower(tempCommand.Arg(0)[i]) != blockedCommand[i])
+					goto NEXT_COMMAND; // break out of this loop, then go to next command
+
+			// this is a command we need to block
+			return false;
+		NEXT_COMMAND:;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return CGameClient__ExecuteStringCommand(self, unknown, pCommandString);
+}
+
+// prevent clients from crashing servers through overflowing CNetworkStringTableContainer::WriteBaselines
+bool bWasWritingStringTableSuccessful;
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CBaseClient__SendServerInfo, engine.dll + 0x104FB0,
+void, __fastcall, (void* self))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	bWasWritingStringTableSuccessful = true;
+	CBaseClient__SendServerInfo(self);
+	if (!bWasWritingStringTableSuccessful)
+		CBaseClient__Disconnect(
+			self, 1, "Overflowed CNetworkStringTableContainer::WriteBaselines, try restarting your client and reconnecting");
+}
+
+// return null when GetEntByIndex is passed an index >= 0x4000
+// this is called from exactly 1 script clientcommand that can be given an arbitrary index, and going above 0x4000 crashes
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(GetEntByIndex, server.dll + 0x2A8A50,
+void*, __fastcall, (int i))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	const int MAX_ENT_IDX = 0x4000;
+
+	if (i >= MAX_ENT_IDX)
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("GetEntByIndex {} is out of bounds (max {})", i, MAX_ENT_IDX);
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+
+	return GetEntByIndex(i);
+}
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CL_CopyExistingEntity, engine.dll + 0x6F940,
+bool, __fastcall, (void* a1))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	struct CEntityReadInfo
+	{
+		BYTE gap[40];
+		int nNewEntity;
+	};
+
+	CEntityReadInfo* pReadInfo = (CEntityReadInfo*)a1;
+	if (pReadInfo->nNewEntity >= 0x1000 || pReadInfo->nNewEntity < 0)
+	{
+		// Value isn't sanitized in release builds for
+		// every game powered by the Source Engine 1
+		// causing read/write outside of array bounds.
+		// This defect has let to the achievement of a
+		// full-chain RCE exploit. We hook and perform
+		// sanity checks for the value of m_nNewEntity
+		// here to prevent this behavior from happening.
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return CL_CopyExistingEntity(a1);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", EngineExploitFixes, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(engine.dll)
+
+	// allow client/ui to run clientcommands despite restricting servercommands
+	module.Offset(0x4FB65).Patch("EB 11");
+	module.Offset(0x4FBAC).Patch("EB 16");
+
+	// patch to set bWasWritingStringTableSuccessful in CNetworkStringTableContainer::WriteBaselines if it fails
+	{
+		CMemoryAddress writeAddress(&bWasWritingStringTableSuccessful - module.Offset(0x234EDC).m_nAddress);
+
+		CMemoryAddress addr = module.Offset(0x234ED2);
+		addr.Patch("C7 05");
+		addr.Offset(2).Patch((BYTE*)&writeAddress, sizeof(writeAddress));
+
+		addr.Offset(6).Patch("00 00 00 00");
+
+		addr.Offset(10).NOP(5);
+	}
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("server.dll", ServerExploitFixes, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(server.dll)
+
+	// ret at the start of CServerGameClients::ClientCommandKeyValues as it has no benefit and is forwarded to client (i.e. security issue)
+	// this prevents the attack vector of client=>server=>client, however server=>client also has clientside patches
+	module.Offset(0x153920).Patch("C3");
+
+	// Dumb ANTITAMPER patches (they negatively impact performance and security)
+	constexpr const char* ANTITAMPER_EXPORTS[] = {
+		"ANTITAMPER_SPOTCHECK_CODEMARKER",
+		"ANTITAMPER_TESTVALUE_CODEMARKER",
+		"ANTITAMPER_TRIGGER_CODEMARKER",
+	};
+
+	// Prevent these from actually doing anything
+	for (auto exportName : ANTITAMPER_EXPORTS)
+	{
+		CMemoryAddress exportAddr = module.GetExport(exportName);
+		if (exportAddr)
+		{
+			// Just return, none of them have any args or are userpurge
+			exportAddr.Patch("C3");
+			spdlog::info("Patched AntiTamper function export \"{}\"", exportName);
+		}
+	}
+
+	Cvar_ns_exploitfixes_log =
+		new ConVar("ns_exploitfixes_log", "1", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "Whether to log whenever ExploitFixes.cpp blocks/corrects something");
+	Cvar_ns_should_log_all_clientcommands =
+		new ConVar("ns_should_log_all_clientcommands", "0", FCVAR_NONE, "Whether to log all clientcommands");
+
+	Cvar_sv_cheats = g_pCVar->FindVar("sv_cheats");
+}
diff --git a/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes_lzss.cpp b/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes_lzss.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ccb6ac18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes_lzss.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+static constexpr int LZSS_LOOKSHIFT = 4;
+
+struct lzss_header_t
+{
+	unsigned int id;
+	unsigned int actualSize;
+};
+
+// Rewrite of CLZSS::SafeUncompress to fix a vulnerability where malicious compressed payloads could cause the decompressor to try to read
+// out of the bounds of the output buffer.
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CLZSS__SafeDecompress, engine.dll + 0x432A10,
+unsigned int, __fastcall, (void* self, const unsigned char* pInput, unsigned char* pOutput, unsigned int unBufSize))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	unsigned int totalBytes = 0;
+	int getCmdByte = 0;
+	int cmdByte = 0;
+
+	lzss_header_t header = *(lzss_header_t*)pInput;
+
+	if (!pInput || !header.actualSize || header.id != 0x53535A4C || header.actualSize > unBufSize)
+		return 0;
+
+	pInput += sizeof(lzss_header_t);
+
+	for (;;)
+	{
+		if (!getCmdByte)
+			cmdByte = *pInput++;
+
+		getCmdByte = (getCmdByte + 1) & 0x07;
+
+		if (cmdByte & 0x01)
+		{
+			int position = *pInput++ << LZSS_LOOKSHIFT;
+			position |= (*pInput >> LZSS_LOOKSHIFT);
+			position += 1;
+			int count = (*pInput++ & 0x0F) + 1;
+			if (count == 1)
+				break;
+
+			// Ensure reference chunk exists entirely within our buffer
+			if (position > totalBytes)
+				return 0;
+
+			totalBytes += count;
+			if (totalBytes > unBufSize)
+				return 0;
+
+			unsigned char* pSource = pOutput - position;
+			for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+				*pOutput++ = *pSource++;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			totalBytes++;
+			if (totalBytes > unBufSize)
+				return 0;
+
+			*pOutput++ = *pInput++;
+		}
+		cmdByte = cmdByte >> 1;
+	}
+
+	if (totalBytes != header.actualSize)
+		return 0;
+
+	return totalBytes;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", ExploitFixes_LZSS, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+}
diff --git a/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes_utf8parser.cpp b/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes_utf8parser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d97f750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/exploitfixes_utf8parser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+INT64(__fastcall* sub_F1320)(DWORD a1, char* a2);
+
+// Reimplementation of an exploitable UTF decoding function in titanfall
+bool __fastcall CheckUTF8Valid(INT64* a1, DWORD* a2, char* strData)
+{
+	DWORD v3; // eax
+	char* v4; // rbx
+	char v5; // si
+	char* _strData; // rdi
+	char* v7; // rbp
+	char v11; // al
+	DWORD v12; // er9
+	DWORD v13; // ecx
+	DWORD v14; // edx
+	DWORD v15; // er8
+	int v16; // eax
+	DWORD v17; // er9
+	int v18; // eax
+	DWORD v19; // er9
+	DWORD v20; // ecx
+	int v21; // eax
+	int v22; // er9
+	DWORD v23; // edx
+	int v24; // eax
+	int v25; // er9
+	DWORD v26; // er9
+	DWORD v27; // er10
+	DWORD v28; // ecx
+	DWORD v29; // edx
+	DWORD v30; // er8
+	int v31; // eax
+	DWORD v32; // er10
+	int v33; // eax
+	DWORD v34; // er10
+	DWORD v35; // ecx
+	int v36; // eax
+	int v37; // er10
+	DWORD v38; // edx
+	int v39; // eax
+	int v40; // er10
+	DWORD v41; // er10
+	INT64 v43; // r8
+	INT64 v44; // rdx
+	INT64 v45; // rcx
+	INT64 v46; // rax
+	INT64 v47; // rax
+	char v48; // al
+	INT64 v49; // r8
+	INT64 v50; // rdx
+	INT64 v51; // rcx
+	INT64 v52; // rax
+	INT64 v53; // rax
+
+	v3 = a2[2];
+	v4 = (char*)(a1[1] + *a2);
+	v5 = 0;
+	_strData = strData;
+	v7 = &v4[*((UINT16*)a2 + 2)];
+	if (v3 >= 2)
+	{
+		++v4;
+		--v7;
+		if (v3 != 2)
+		{
+			while (1)
+			{
+				if (!CMemoryAddress(v4).IsMemoryReadable(1))
+					return false; // INVALID
+
+				v11 = *v4++; // crash potential
+				if (v11 != 92)
+					goto LABEL_6;
+				v11 = *v4++;
+				if (v11 == 110)
+					break;
+				switch (v11)
+				{
+				case 't':
+					v11 = 9;
+					goto LABEL_6;
+				case 'r':
+					v11 = 13;
+					goto LABEL_6;
+				case 'b':
+					v11 = 8;
+					goto LABEL_6;
+				case 'f':
+					v11 = 12;
+					goto LABEL_6;
+				}
+				if (v11 != 117)
+					goto LABEL_6;
+				v12 = *v4 | 0x20;
+				v13 = v4[1] | 0x20;
+				v14 = v4[2] | 0x20;
+				v15 = v4[3] | 0x20;
+				v16 = 87;
+				if (v12 <= 0x39)
+					v16 = 48;
+				v17 = v12 - v16;
+				v18 = 87;
+				v19 = v17 << 12;
+				if (v13 <= 0x39)
+					v18 = 48;
+				v20 = v13 - v18;
+				v21 = 87;
+				v22 = (v20 << 8) | v19;
+				if (v14 <= 0x39)
+					v21 = 48;
+				v23 = v14 - v21;
+				v24 = 87;
+				v25 = (16 * v23) | v22;
+				if (v15 <= 0x39)
+					v24 = 48;
+				v4 += 4;
+				v26 = (v15 - v24) | v25;
+				if (v26 - 55296 <= 0x7FF)
+				{
+					if (v26 >= 0xDC00)
+						return true;
+					if (*v4 != 92 || v4[1] != 117)
+						return true;
+
+					v27 = v4[2] | 0x20;
+					v28 = v4[3] | 0x20;
+					v29 = v4[4] | 0x20;
+					v30 = v4[5] | 0x20;
+					v31 = 87;
+					if (v27 <= 0x39)
+						v31 = 48;
+					v32 = v27 - v31;
+					v33 = 87;
+					v34 = v32 << 12;
+					if (v28 <= 0x39)
+						v33 = 48;
+					v35 = v28 - v33;
+					v36 = 87;
+					v37 = (v35 << 8) | v34;
+					if (v29 <= 0x39)
+						v36 = 48;
+					v38 = v29 - v36;
+					v39 = 87;
+					v40 = (16 * v38) | v37;
+					if (v30 <= 0x39)
+						v39 = 48;
+					v4 += 6;
+					v41 = ((v30 - v39) | v40) - 56320;
+					if (v41 > 0x3FF)
+						return true;
+					v26 = v41 | ((v26 - 55296) << 10);
+				}
+				_strData += (DWORD)sub_F1320(v26, _strData);
+			LABEL_7:
+				if (v4 == v7)
+					goto LABEL_48;
+			}
+			v11 = 10;
+		LABEL_6:
+			v5 |= v11;
+			*_strData++ = v11;
+			goto LABEL_7;
+		}
+	}
+LABEL_48:
+	return true;
+}
+
+// prevent utf8 parser from crashing when provided bad data, which can be sent through user-controlled openinvites
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(Rson_ParseUTF8, engine.dll + 0xEF670, 
+bool, __fastcall, (INT64* a1, DWORD* a2, char* strData)) // 48 89 5C 24 ? 48 89 6C 24 ? 48 89 74 24 ? 57 41 54 41 55 41 56 41 57 48 83 EC 20 8B 1A
+// clang-format on
+{
+	static void* targetRetAddr = CModule("engine.dll").FindPattern("84 C0 75 2C 49 8B 16");
+
+	// only call if we're parsing utf8 data from the network (i.e. communities), otherwise we get perf issues
+	void* pReturnAddress =
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+		_ReturnAddress()
+#else
+		__builtin_return_address(0)
+#endif
+		;
+
+	if (pReturnAddress == targetRetAddr && !CheckUTF8Valid(a1, a2, strData))
+		return false;
+
+	return Rson_ParseUTF8(a1, a2, strData);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", EngineExploitFixes_UTF8Parser, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	sub_F1320 = module.FindPattern("83 F9 7F 77 08 88 0A").RCast<INT64(__fastcall*)(DWORD, char*)>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.cpp b/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bd855ee4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,298 @@
+#include "ns_limits.h"
+#include "engine/hoststate.h"
+#include "client/r2client.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "server/r2server.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "core/math/vector.h"
+#include "server/auth/serverauthentication.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+ServerLimitsManager* g_pServerLimits;
+
+float (*CEngineServer__GetTimescale)();
+
+// todo: make this work on higher timescales, also possibly disable when sv_cheats is set
+void ServerLimitsManager::RunFrame(double flCurrentTime, float flFrameTime)
+{
+	if (Cvar_sv_antispeedhack_enable->GetBool())
+	{
+		// for each player, set their usercmd processing budget for the frame to the last frametime for the server
+		for (int i = 0; i < g_pGlobals->m_nMaxClients; i++)
+		{
+			CBaseClient* player = &g_pClientArray[i];
+
+			if (m_PlayerLimitData.find(player) != m_PlayerLimitData.end())
+			{
+				PlayerLimitData* pLimitData = &g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData[player];
+				if (pLimitData->flFrameUserCmdBudget < g_pGlobals->m_flTickInterval * Cvar_sv_antispeedhack_maxtickbudget->GetFloat())
+				{
+					pLimitData->flFrameUserCmdBudget += g_pServerLimits->Cvar_sv_antispeedhack_budgetincreasemultiplier->GetFloat() *
+														fmax(flFrameTime, g_pGlobals->m_flFrameTime * CEngineServer__GetTimescale());
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void ServerLimitsManager::AddPlayer(CBaseClient* player)
+{
+	PlayerLimitData limitData;
+	limitData.flFrameUserCmdBudget =
+		g_pGlobals->m_flTickInterval * CEngineServer__GetTimescale() * Cvar_sv_antispeedhack_maxtickbudget->GetFloat();
+
+	m_PlayerLimitData.insert(std::make_pair(player, limitData));
+}
+
+void ServerLimitsManager::RemovePlayer(CBaseClient* player)
+{
+	if (m_PlayerLimitData.find(player) != m_PlayerLimitData.end())
+		m_PlayerLimitData.erase(player);
+}
+
+bool ServerLimitsManager::CheckStringCommandLimits(CBaseClient* player)
+{
+	if (CVar_sv_quota_stringcmdspersecond->GetInt() != -1)
+	{
+		// note: this isn't super perfect, legit clients can trigger it in lobby if they try, mostly good enough tho imo
+		if (Plat_FloatTime() - m_PlayerLimitData[player].lastClientCommandQuotaStart >= 1.0)
+		{
+			// reset quota
+			m_PlayerLimitData[player].lastClientCommandQuotaStart = Plat_FloatTime();
+			m_PlayerLimitData[player].numClientCommandsInQuota = 0;
+		}
+
+		m_PlayerLimitData[player].numClientCommandsInQuota++;
+		if (m_PlayerLimitData[player].numClientCommandsInQuota > CVar_sv_quota_stringcmdspersecond->GetInt())
+		{
+			// too many stringcmds, dc player
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool ServerLimitsManager::CheckChatLimits(CBaseClient* player)
+{
+	if (Plat_FloatTime() - m_PlayerLimitData[player].lastSayTextLimitStart >= 1.0)
+	{
+		m_PlayerLimitData[player].lastSayTextLimitStart = Plat_FloatTime();
+		m_PlayerLimitData[player].sayTextLimitCount = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (m_PlayerLimitData[player].sayTextLimitCount >= Cvar_sv_max_chat_messages_per_sec->GetInt())
+		return false;
+
+	m_PlayerLimitData[player].sayTextLimitCount++;
+	return true;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CNetChan__ProcessMessages, engine.dll + 0x2140A0, 
+char, __fastcall, (void* self, void* buf))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	enum eNetChanLimitMode
+	{
+		NETCHANLIMIT_WARN,
+		NETCHANLIMIT_KICK
+	};
+
+	double startTime = Plat_FloatTime();
+	char ret = CNetChan__ProcessMessages(self, buf);
+
+	// check processing limits, unless we're in a level transition
+	if (g_pHostState->m_iCurrentState == HostState_t::HS_RUN && ThreadInServerFrameThread())
+	{
+		// player that sent the message
+		CBaseClient* sender = *(CBaseClient**)((char*)self + 368);
+
+		// if no sender, return
+		// relatively certain this is fine?
+		if (!sender || !g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData.count(sender))
+			return ret;
+
+		// reset every second
+		if (startTime - g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData[sender].lastNetChanProcessingLimitStart >= 1.0 ||
+			g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData[sender].lastNetChanProcessingLimitStart == -1.0)
+		{
+			g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData[sender].lastNetChanProcessingLimitStart = startTime;
+			g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData[sender].netChanProcessingLimitTime = 0.0;
+		}
+		g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData[sender].netChanProcessingLimitTime += (Plat_FloatTime() * 1000) - (startTime * 1000);
+
+		if (g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData[sender].netChanProcessingLimitTime >=
+			g_pServerLimits->Cvar_net_chan_limit_msec_per_sec->GetInt())
+		{
+			spdlog::warn(
+				"Client {} hit netchan processing limit with {}ms of processing time this second (max is {})",
+				(char*)sender + 0x16,
+				g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData[sender].netChanProcessingLimitTime,
+				g_pServerLimits->Cvar_net_chan_limit_msec_per_sec->GetInt());
+
+			// never kick local player
+			if (g_pServerLimits->Cvar_net_chan_limit_mode->GetInt() != NETCHANLIMIT_WARN && strcmp(g_pLocalPlayerUserID, sender->m_UID))
+			{
+				CBaseClient__Disconnect(sender, 1, "Exceeded net channel processing limit");
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+bool ServerLimitsManager::CheckConnectionlessPacketLimits(netpacket_t* packet)
+{
+	static const ConVar* Cvar_net_data_block_enabled = g_pCVar->FindVar("net_data_block_enabled");
+
+	// don't ratelimit datablock packets as long as datablock is enabled
+	if (packet->adr.type == NA_IP &&
+		(!(packet->data[4] == 'N' && Cvar_net_data_block_enabled->GetBool()) || !Cvar_net_data_block_enabled->GetBool()))
+	{
+		// bad lookup: optimise later tm
+		UnconnectedPlayerLimitData* sendData = nullptr;
+		for (UnconnectedPlayerLimitData& foundSendData : g_pServerLimits->m_UnconnectedPlayerLimitData)
+		{
+			if (!memcmp(packet->adr.ip, foundSendData.ip, 16))
+			{
+				sendData = &foundSendData;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!sendData)
+		{
+			sendData = &g_pServerLimits->m_UnconnectedPlayerLimitData.emplace_back();
+			memcpy(sendData->ip, packet->adr.ip, 16);
+		}
+
+		if (Plat_FloatTime() < sendData->timeoutEnd)
+			return false;
+
+		if (Plat_FloatTime() - sendData->lastQuotaStart >= 1.0)
+		{
+			sendData->lastQuotaStart = Plat_FloatTime();
+			sendData->packetCount = 0;
+		}
+
+		sendData->packetCount++;
+
+		if (sendData->packetCount >= g_pServerLimits->Cvar_sv_querylimit_per_sec->GetInt())
+		{
+			spdlog::warn(
+				"Client went over connectionless ratelimit of {} per sec with packet of type {}",
+				g_pServerLimits->Cvar_sv_querylimit_per_sec->GetInt(),
+				packet->data[4]);
+
+			// timeout for a minute
+			sendData->timeoutEnd = Plat_FloatTime() + 60.0;
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+// this is weird and i'm not sure if it's correct, so not using for now
+/*AUTOHOOK(CBasePlayer__PhysicsSimulate, server.dll + 0x5A6E50, bool, __fastcall, (void* self, int a2, char a3))
+{
+	spdlog::info("CBasePlayer::PhysicsSimulate");
+	return CBasePlayer__PhysicsSimulate(self, a2, a3);
+}*/
+
+struct alignas(4) SV_CUserCmd
+{
+	DWORD command_number;
+	DWORD tick_count;
+	float command_time;
+	Vector3 worldViewAngles;
+	BYTE gap18[4];
+	Vector3 localViewAngles;
+	Vector3 attackangles;
+	Vector3 move;
+	DWORD buttons;
+	BYTE impulse;
+	short weaponselect;
+	DWORD meleetarget;
+	BYTE gap4C[24];
+	char headoffset;
+	BYTE gap65[11];
+	Vector3 cameraPos;
+	Vector3 cameraAngles;
+	BYTE gap88[4];
+	int tickSomething;
+	DWORD dword90;
+	DWORD predictedServerEventAck;
+	DWORD dword98;
+	float frameTime;
+};
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(CPlayerMove__RunCommand, server.dll + 0x5B8100,
+void, __fastcall, (void* self, CBasePlayer* player, SV_CUserCmd* pUserCmd, uint64_t a4))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (g_pServerLimits->Cvar_sv_antispeedhack_enable->GetBool())
+	{
+		CBaseClient* pClient = &g_pClientArray[player->m_nPlayerIndex - 1];
+
+		if (g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData.find(pClient) != g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData.end())
+		{
+			PlayerLimitData* pLimitData = &g_pServerLimits->m_PlayerLimitData[pClient];
+
+			pLimitData->flFrameUserCmdBudget = fmax(0.0, pLimitData->flFrameUserCmdBudget - pUserCmd->frameTime);
+
+			if (pLimitData->flFrameUserCmdBudget <= 0.0)
+			{
+				spdlog::warn("player {} went over usercmd budget ({})", pClient->m_Name, pLimitData->flFrameUserCmdBudget);
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	CPlayerMove__RunCommand(self, player, pUserCmd, a4);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", ServerLimits, ConVar, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(engine.dll)
+
+	g_pServerLimits = new ServerLimitsManager;
+
+	g_pServerLimits->CVar_sv_quota_stringcmdspersecond = new ConVar(
+		"sv_quota_stringcmdspersecond",
+		"60",
+		FCVAR_GAMEDLL,
+		"How many string commands per second clients are allowed to submit, 0 to disallow all string commands, -1 to disable");
+	g_pServerLimits->Cvar_net_chan_limit_mode =
+		new ConVar("net_chan_limit_mode", "0", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "The mode for netchan processing limits: 0 = warn, 1 = kick");
+	g_pServerLimits->Cvar_net_chan_limit_msec_per_sec = new ConVar(
+		"net_chan_limit_msec_per_sec",
+		"100",
+		FCVAR_GAMEDLL,
+		"Netchannel processing is limited to so many milliseconds, abort connection if exceeding budget");
+	g_pServerLimits->Cvar_sv_querylimit_per_sec = new ConVar("sv_querylimit_per_sec", "15", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "");
+	g_pServerLimits->Cvar_sv_max_chat_messages_per_sec = new ConVar("sv_max_chat_messages_per_sec", "5", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "");
+	g_pServerLimits->Cvar_sv_antispeedhack_enable =
+		new ConVar("sv_antispeedhack_enable", "0", FCVAR_NONE, "whether to enable antispeedhack protections");
+	g_pServerLimits->Cvar_sv_antispeedhack_maxtickbudget = new ConVar(
+		"sv_antispeedhack_maxtickbudget",
+		"64",
+		FCVAR_GAMEDLL,
+		"Maximum number of client-issued usercmd ticks that can be replayed in packet loss conditions");
+	g_pServerLimits->Cvar_sv_antispeedhack_budgetincreasemultiplier = new ConVar(
+		"sv_antispeedhack_budgetincreasemultiplier",
+		"1",
+		FCVAR_GAMEDLL,
+		"Increase usercmd processing budget by tickinterval * value per tick");
+
+	CEngineServer__GetTimescale = module.Offset(0x240840).RCast<float (*)()>();
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("server.dll", ServerLimitsServer, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(server.dll)
+}
diff --git a/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.h b/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..546fec6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/exploit_fixes/ns_limits.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+struct PlayerLimitData
+{
+	double lastClientCommandQuotaStart = -1.0;
+	int numClientCommandsInQuota = 0;
+
+	double lastNetChanProcessingLimitStart = -1.0;
+	double netChanProcessingLimitTime = 0.0;
+
+	double lastSayTextLimitStart = -1.0;
+	int sayTextLimitCount = 0;
+
+	float flFrameUserCmdBudget = 0.0;
+};
+
+struct UnconnectedPlayerLimitData
+{
+	char ip[16];
+	double lastQuotaStart = 0.0;
+	int packetCount = 0;
+	double timeoutEnd = -1.0;
+};
+
+class ServerLimitsManager
+{
+public:
+	ConVar* CVar_sv_quota_stringcmdspersecond;
+	ConVar* Cvar_net_chan_limit_mode;
+	ConVar* Cvar_net_chan_limit_msec_per_sec;
+	ConVar* Cvar_sv_querylimit_per_sec;
+	ConVar* Cvar_sv_max_chat_messages_per_sec;
+	ConVar* Cvar_sv_antispeedhack_enable;
+	ConVar* Cvar_sv_antispeedhack_maxtickbudget;
+	ConVar* Cvar_sv_antispeedhack_budgetincreasemultiplier;
+
+	std::unordered_map<CBaseClient*, PlayerLimitData> m_PlayerLimitData;
+	std::vector<UnconnectedPlayerLimitData> m_UnconnectedPlayerLimitData;
+
+public:
+	void RunFrame(double flCurrentTime, float flFrameTime);
+	void AddPlayer(CBaseClient* player);
+	void RemovePlayer(CBaseClient* player);
+	bool CheckStringCommandLimits(CBaseClient* player);
+	bool CheckChatLimits(CBaseClient* player);
+	bool CheckConnectionlessPacketLimits(netpacket_t* packet);
+};
+
+extern ServerLimitsManager* g_pServerLimits;
diff --git a/primedev/shared/keyvalues.cpp b/primedev/shared/keyvalues.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..88753723
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/keyvalues.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1322 @@
+#include "keyvalues.h"
+#include <winnt.h>
+
+// implementation of the ConVar class
+// heavily based on https://github.com/Mauler125/r5sdk/blob/master/r5dev/vpc/keyvalues.cpp
+
+typedef int HKeySymbol;
+#define INVALID_KEY_SYMBOL (-1)
+
+#define MAKE_3_BYTES_FROM_1_AND_2(x1, x2) ((((uint16_t)x2) << 8) | (uint8_t)(x1))
+#define SPLIT_3_BYTES_INTO_1_AND_2(x1, x2, x3)                                                                                             \
+	do                                                                                                                                     \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		x1 = (uint8_t)(x3);                                                                                                                \
+		x2 = (uint16_t)((x3) >> 8);                                                                                                        \
+	} while (0)
+
+struct CKeyValuesSystem
+{
+public:
+	struct __VTable
+	{
+		char pad0[8 * 3]; // 2 methods
+		HKeySymbol (*GetSymbolForString)(CKeyValuesSystem* self, const char* name, bool bCreate);
+		const char* (*GetStringForSymbol)(CKeyValuesSystem* self, HKeySymbol symbol);
+		char pad1[8 * 5];
+		HKeySymbol (*GetSymbolForStringCaseSensitive)(
+			CKeyValuesSystem* self, HKeySymbol& hCaseInsensitiveSymbol, const char* name, bool bCreate);
+	};
+
+	const __VTable* m_pVtable;
+};
+
+int (*V_UTF8ToUnicode)(const char* pUTF8, wchar_t* pwchDest, int cubDestSizeInBytes);
+int (*V_UnicodeToUTF8)(const wchar_t* pUnicode, char* pUTF8, int cubDestSizeInBytes);
+CKeyValuesSystem* (*KeyValuesSystem)();
+
+KeyValues::KeyValues() {} // default constructor for copying and such
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Constructor
+// Input  : *pszSetName -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues::KeyValues(const char* pszSetName)
+{
+	Init();
+	SetName(pszSetName);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Constructor
+// Input  : *pszSetName -
+//			*pszFirstKey -
+//			*pszFirstValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues::KeyValues(const char* pszSsetName, const char* pszFirstKey, const char* pszFirstValue)
+{
+	Init();
+	SetName(pszSsetName);
+	SetString(pszFirstKey, pszFirstValue);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Constructor
+// Input  : *pszSetName -
+//			*pszFirstKey -
+//			*pwszFirstValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues::KeyValues(const char* pszSetName, const char* pszFirstKey, const wchar_t* pwszFirstValue)
+{
+	Init();
+	SetName(pszSetName);
+	SetWString(pszFirstKey, pwszFirstValue);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Constructor
+// Input  : *pszSetName -
+//			*pszFirstKey -
+//			iFirstValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues::KeyValues(const char* pszSetName, const char* pszFirstKey, int iFirstValue)
+{
+	Init();
+	SetName(pszSetName);
+	SetInt(pszFirstKey, iFirstValue);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Constructor
+// Input  : *pszSetName -
+//			*pszFirstKey -
+//			*pszFirstValue -
+//			*pszSecondKey -
+//			*pszSecondValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues::KeyValues(
+	const char* pszSetName, const char* pszFirstKey, const char* pszFirstValue, const char* pszSecondKey, const char* pszSecondValue)
+{
+	Init();
+	SetName(pszSetName);
+	SetString(pszFirstKey, pszFirstValue);
+	SetString(pszSecondKey, pszSecondValue);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Constructor
+// Input  : *pszSetName -
+//			*pszFirstKey -
+//			iFirstValue -
+//			*pszSecondKey -
+//			iSecondValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues::KeyValues(const char* pszSetName, const char* pszFirstKey, int iFirstValue, const char* pszSecondKey, int iSecondValue)
+{
+	Init();
+	SetName(pszSetName);
+	SetInt(pszFirstKey, iFirstValue);
+	SetInt(pszSecondKey, iSecondValue);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Destructor
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues::~KeyValues(void)
+{
+	RemoveEverything();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Initialize member variables
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::Init(void)
+{
+	m_iKeyName = 0;
+	m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive1 = 0;
+	m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive2 = 0;
+	m_iDataType = TYPE_NONE;
+
+	m_pSub = nullptr;
+	m_pPeer = nullptr;
+	m_pChain = nullptr;
+
+	m_sValue = nullptr;
+	m_wsValue = nullptr;
+	m_pValue = nullptr;
+
+	m_bHasEscapeSequences = 0;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Clear out all subkeys, and the current value
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::Clear(void)
+{
+	delete m_pSub;
+	m_pSub = nullptr;
+	m_iDataType = TYPE_NONE;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// for backwards compat - we used to need this to force the free to run from the same DLL
+// as the alloc
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::DeleteThis(void)
+{
+	delete this;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: remove everything
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::RemoveEverything(void)
+{
+	KeyValues* dat;
+	KeyValues* datNext = nullptr;
+	for (dat = m_pSub; dat != nullptr; dat = datNext)
+	{
+		datNext = dat->m_pPeer;
+		dat->m_pPeer = nullptr;
+		delete dat;
+	}
+
+	for (dat = m_pPeer; dat && dat != this; dat = datNext)
+	{
+		datNext = dat->m_pPeer;
+		dat->m_pPeer = nullptr;
+		delete dat;
+	}
+
+	delete[] m_sValue;
+	m_sValue = nullptr;
+	delete[] m_wsValue;
+	m_wsValue = nullptr;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Find a keyValue, create it if it is not found.
+//			Set bCreate to true to create the key if it doesn't already exist
+//			(which ensures a valid pointer will be returned)
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			bCreate -
+// Output : *KeyValues
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues* KeyValues::FindKey(const char* pszKeyName, bool bCreate)
+{
+	assert_msg(this, "Member function called on NULL KeyValues");
+
+	if (!pszKeyName || !*pszKeyName)
+		return this;
+
+	const char* pSubStr = strchr(pszKeyName, '/');
+	const char* pSearchStr = pszKeyName;
+	if (pSubStr && !*(pSubStr + 1))
+	{
+		// if key name is just '/', then use it as a key directly
+		pSearchStr = pSubStr;
+		pSubStr = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	HKeySymbol iSearchStr = KeyValuesSystem()->m_pVtable->GetSymbolForString(KeyValuesSystem(), pSearchStr, bCreate);
+	if (iSearchStr == INVALID_KEY_SYMBOL)
+	{
+		// not found, couldn't possibly be in key value list
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+
+	KeyValues* pLastKVs = nullptr;
+	KeyValues* pCurrentKVs;
+	// find the searchStr in the current peer list
+	for (pCurrentKVs = m_pSub; pCurrentKVs != nullptr; pCurrentKVs = pCurrentKVs->m_pPeer)
+	{
+		pLastKVs = pCurrentKVs; // record the last item looked at (for if we need to append to the end of the list)
+
+		// symbol compare
+		if (pLastKVs->m_iKeyName == (uint32_t)iSearchStr)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	if (!pCurrentKVs && m_pChain)
+		pCurrentKVs = m_pChain->FindKey(pSearchStr, false);
+
+	// make sure a key was found
+	if (!pCurrentKVs)
+	{
+		if (bCreate)
+		{
+			// we need to create a new key
+			pCurrentKVs = new KeyValues(pSearchStr);
+			//			Assert(dat != NULL);
+
+			// insert new key at end of list
+			if (pLastKVs)
+				pLastKVs->m_pPeer = pCurrentKVs;
+			else
+				m_pSub = pCurrentKVs;
+
+			pCurrentKVs->m_pPeer = nullptr;
+
+			// a key graduates to be a submsg as soon as it's m_pSub is set
+			// this should be the only place m_pSub is set
+			m_iDataType = TYPE_NONE;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return nullptr;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// if we've still got a subStr we need to keep looking deeper in the tree
+	if (pSubStr)
+	{
+		// recursively chain down through the paths in the string
+		return pCurrentKVs->FindKey(pSubStr + 1, bCreate);
+	}
+
+	return pCurrentKVs;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Locate last child.  Returns NULL if we have no children
+// Output : *KeyValues
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues* KeyValues::FindLastSubKey(void) const
+{
+	// No children?
+	if (m_pSub == nullptr)
+		return nullptr;
+
+	// Scan for the last one
+	KeyValues* pLastChild = m_pSub;
+	while (pLastChild->m_pPeer)
+		pLastChild = pLastChild->m_pPeer;
+	return pLastChild;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Adds a subkey. Make sure the subkey isn't a child of some other keyvalues
+// Input  : *pSubKey -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::AddSubKey(KeyValues* pSubkey)
+{
+	// Make sure the subkey isn't a child of some other keyvalues
+	assert(pSubkey != nullptr);
+	assert(pSubkey->m_pPeer == nullptr);
+
+	// add into subkey list
+	if (m_pSub == nullptr)
+	{
+		m_pSub = pSubkey;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		KeyValues* pTempDat = m_pSub;
+		while (pTempDat->GetNextKey() != nullptr)
+		{
+			pTempDat = pTempDat->GetNextKey();
+		}
+
+		pTempDat->SetNextKey(pSubkey);
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Remove a subkey from the list
+// Input  : *pSubKey -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::RemoveSubKey(KeyValues* pSubKey)
+{
+	if (!pSubKey)
+		return;
+
+	// check the list pointer
+	if (m_pSub == pSubKey)
+	{
+		m_pSub = pSubKey->m_pPeer;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		// look through the list
+		KeyValues* kv = m_pSub;
+		while (kv->m_pPeer)
+		{
+			if (kv->m_pPeer == pSubKey)
+			{
+				kv->m_pPeer = pSubKey->m_pPeer;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			kv = kv->m_pPeer;
+		}
+	}
+
+	pSubKey->m_pPeer = nullptr;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Insert a subkey at index
+// Input  : nIndex -
+//			*pSubKey -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::InsertSubKey(int nIndex, KeyValues* pSubKey)
+{
+	// Sub key must be valid and not part of another chain
+	assert(pSubKey && pSubKey->m_pPeer == nullptr);
+
+	if (nIndex == 0)
+	{
+		pSubKey->m_pPeer = m_pSub;
+		m_pSub = pSubKey;
+		return;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		int nCurrentIndex = 0;
+		for (KeyValues* pIter = GetFirstSubKey(); pIter != nullptr; pIter = pIter->GetNextKey())
+		{
+			++nCurrentIndex;
+			if (nCurrentIndex == nIndex)
+			{
+				pSubKey->m_pPeer = pIter->m_pPeer;
+				pIter->m_pPeer = pSubKey;
+				return;
+			}
+		}
+		// Index is out of range if we get here
+		assert(0);
+		return;
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Checks if key contains a subkey
+// Input  : *pSubKey -
+// Output : true if contains, false otherwise
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool KeyValues::ContainsSubKey(KeyValues* pSubKey)
+{
+	for (KeyValues* pIter = GetFirstSubKey(); pIter != nullptr; pIter = pIter->GetNextKey())
+	{
+		if (pSubKey == pIter)
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Swaps existing subkey with another
+// Input  : *pExistingSubkey -
+//			*pNewSubKey -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::SwapSubKey(KeyValues* pExistingSubkey, KeyValues* pNewSubKey)
+{
+	assert(pExistingSubkey != nullptr && pNewSubKey != nullptr);
+
+	// Make sure the new sub key isn't a child of some other keyvalues
+	assert(pNewSubKey->m_pPeer == nullptr);
+
+	// Check the list pointer
+	if (m_pSub == pExistingSubkey)
+	{
+		pNewSubKey->m_pPeer = pExistingSubkey->m_pPeer;
+		pExistingSubkey->m_pPeer = nullptr;
+		m_pSub = pNewSubKey;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		// Look through the list
+		KeyValues* kv = m_pSub;
+		while (kv->m_pPeer)
+		{
+			if (kv->m_pPeer == pExistingSubkey)
+			{
+				pNewSubKey->m_pPeer = pExistingSubkey->m_pPeer;
+				pExistingSubkey->m_pPeer = nullptr;
+				kv->m_pPeer = pNewSubKey;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			kv = kv->m_pPeer;
+		}
+		// Existing sub key should always be found, otherwise it's a bug in the calling code.
+		assert(kv->m_pPeer != nullptr);
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Elides subkey
+// Input  : *pSubKey -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::ElideSubKey(KeyValues* pSubKey)
+{
+	// This pointer's "next" pointer needs to be fixed up when we elide the key
+	KeyValues** ppPointerToFix = &m_pSub;
+	for (KeyValues* pKeyIter = m_pSub; pKeyIter != nullptr; ppPointerToFix = &pKeyIter->m_pPeer, pKeyIter = pKeyIter->GetNextKey())
+	{
+		if (pKeyIter == pSubKey)
+		{
+			if (pSubKey->m_pSub == nullptr)
+			{
+				// No children, simply remove the key
+				*ppPointerToFix = pSubKey->m_pPeer;
+				delete pSubKey;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				*ppPointerToFix = pSubKey->m_pSub;
+				// Attach the remainder of this chain to the last child of pSubKey
+				KeyValues* pChildIter = pSubKey->m_pSub;
+				while (pChildIter->m_pPeer != nullptr)
+				{
+					pChildIter = pChildIter->m_pPeer;
+				}
+				// Now points to the last child of pSubKey
+				pChildIter->m_pPeer = pSubKey->m_pPeer;
+				// Detach the node to be elided
+				pSubKey->m_pSub = nullptr;
+				pSubKey->m_pPeer = nullptr;
+				delete pSubKey;
+			}
+			return;
+		}
+	}
+	// Key not found; that's caller error.
+	assert(0);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Check if a keyName has no value assigned to it.
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+// Output : true on success, false otherwise
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool KeyValues::IsEmpty(const char* pszKeyName)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, false);
+	if (!pKey)
+		return true;
+
+	if (pKey->m_iDataType == TYPE_NONE && pKey->m_pSub == nullptr)
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: gets the first true sub key
+// Output : *KeyValues
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues* KeyValues::GetFirstTrueSubKey(void) const
+{
+	assert_msg(this, "Member function called on NULL KeyValues");
+	KeyValues* pRet = this ? m_pSub : nullptr;
+	while (pRet && pRet->m_iDataType != TYPE_NONE)
+		pRet = pRet->m_pPeer;
+
+	return pRet;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: gets the next true sub key
+// Output : *KeyValues
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues* KeyValues::GetNextTrueSubKey(void) const
+{
+	assert_msg(this, "Member function called on NULL KeyValues");
+	KeyValues* pRet = this ? m_pPeer : nullptr;
+	while (pRet && pRet->m_iDataType != TYPE_NONE)
+		pRet = pRet->m_pPeer;
+
+	return pRet;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: gets the first value
+// Output : *KeyValues
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues* KeyValues::GetFirstValue(void) const
+{
+	assert_msg(this, "Member function called on NULL KeyValues");
+	KeyValues* pRet = this ? m_pSub : nullptr;
+	while (pRet && pRet->m_iDataType == TYPE_NONE)
+		pRet = pRet->m_pPeer;
+
+	return pRet;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: gets the next value
+// Output : *KeyValues
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues* KeyValues::GetNextValue(void) const
+{
+	assert_msg(this, "Member function called on NULL KeyValues");
+	KeyValues* pRet = this ? m_pPeer : nullptr;
+	while (pRet && pRet->m_iDataType == TYPE_NONE)
+		pRet = pRet->m_pPeer;
+
+	return pRet;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Return the first subkey in the list
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues* KeyValues::GetFirstSubKey() const
+{
+	assert_msg(this, "Member function called on NULL KeyValues");
+	return this ? m_pSub : nullptr;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Return the next subkey
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues* KeyValues::GetNextKey() const
+{
+	assert_msg(this, "Member function called on NULL KeyValues");
+	return this ? m_pPeer : nullptr;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Get the name of the current key section
+// Output : const char*
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const char* KeyValues::GetName(void) const
+{
+	return KeyValuesSystem()->m_pVtable->GetStringForSymbol(
+		KeyValuesSystem(), MAKE_3_BYTES_FROM_1_AND_2(m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive1, m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive2));
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Get the integer value of a keyName. Default value is returned
+//			if the keyName can't be found.
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			nDefaultValue -
+// Output : int
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+int KeyValues::GetInt(const char* pszKeyName, int iDefaultValue)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, false);
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		switch (pKey->m_iDataType)
+		{
+		case TYPE_STRING:
+			return atoi(pKey->m_sValue);
+		case TYPE_WSTRING:
+			return _wtoi(pKey->m_wsValue);
+		case TYPE_FLOAT:
+			return static_cast<int>(pKey->m_flValue);
+		case TYPE_UINT64:
+			// can't convert, since it would lose data
+			assert(0);
+			return 0;
+		case TYPE_INT:
+		case TYPE_PTR:
+		default:
+			return pKey->m_iValue;
+		};
+	}
+	return iDefaultValue;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Get the integer value of a keyName. Default value is returned
+//			if the keyName can't be found.
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			nDefaultValue -
+// Output : uint64_t
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+uint64_t KeyValues::GetUint64(const char* pszKeyName, uint64_t nDefaultValue)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, false);
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		switch (pKey->m_iDataType)
+		{
+		case TYPE_STRING:
+		{
+			uint64_t uiResult = 0ull;
+			sscanf(pKey->m_sValue, "%lld", &uiResult);
+			return uiResult;
+		}
+		case TYPE_WSTRING:
+		{
+			uint64_t uiResult = 0ull;
+			swscanf(pKey->m_wsValue, L"%lld", &uiResult);
+			return uiResult;
+		}
+		case TYPE_FLOAT:
+			return static_cast<int>(pKey->m_flValue);
+		case TYPE_UINT64:
+			return *reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(pKey->m_sValue);
+		case TYPE_PTR:
+			return static_cast<uint64_t>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(pKey->m_pValue));
+		case TYPE_INT:
+		default:
+			return pKey->m_iValue;
+		};
+	}
+	return nDefaultValue;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Get the pointer value of a keyName. Default value is returned
+//			if the keyName can't be found.
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			pDefaultValue -
+// Output : void*
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void* KeyValues::GetPtr(const char* pszKeyName, void* pDefaultValue)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, false);
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		switch (pKey->m_iDataType)
+		{
+		case TYPE_PTR:
+			return pKey->m_pValue;
+
+		case TYPE_WSTRING:
+		case TYPE_STRING:
+		case TYPE_FLOAT:
+		case TYPE_INT:
+		case TYPE_UINT64:
+		default:
+			return nullptr;
+		};
+	}
+	return pDefaultValue;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Get the float value of a keyName. Default value is returned
+//			if the keyName can't be found.
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			flDefaultValue -
+// Output : float
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+float KeyValues::GetFloat(const char* pszKeyName, float flDefaultValue)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, false);
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		switch (pKey->m_iDataType)
+		{
+		case TYPE_STRING:
+			return static_cast<float>(atof(pKey->m_sValue));
+		case TYPE_WSTRING:
+			return static_cast<float>(_wtof(pKey->m_wsValue)); // no wtof
+		case TYPE_FLOAT:
+			return pKey->m_flValue;
+		case TYPE_INT:
+			return static_cast<float>(pKey->m_iValue);
+		case TYPE_UINT64:
+			return static_cast<float>((*(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(pKey->m_sValue))));
+		case TYPE_PTR:
+		default:
+			return 0.0f;
+		};
+	}
+	return flDefaultValue;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Get the string pointer of a keyName. Default value is returned
+//			if the keyName can't be found.
+// // Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			pszDefaultValue -
+// Output : const char*
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const char* KeyValues::GetString(const char* pszKeyName, const char* pszDefaultValue)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, false);
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		// convert the data to string form then return it
+		char buf[64];
+		switch (pKey->m_iDataType)
+		{
+		case TYPE_FLOAT:
+			snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%f", pKey->m_flValue);
+			SetString(pszKeyName, buf);
+			break;
+		case TYPE_PTR:
+			snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", reinterpret_cast<uint64_t>(pKey->m_pValue));
+			SetString(pszKeyName, buf);
+			break;
+		case TYPE_INT:
+			snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", pKey->m_iValue);
+			SetString(pszKeyName, buf);
+			break;
+		case TYPE_UINT64:
+			snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%lld", *(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(pKey->m_sValue)));
+			SetString(pszKeyName, buf);
+			break;
+		case TYPE_COLOR:
+			snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d %d %d %d", pKey->m_Color[0], pKey->m_Color[1], pKey->m_Color[2], pKey->m_Color[3]);
+			SetString(pszKeyName, buf);
+			break;
+
+		case TYPE_WSTRING:
+		{
+			// convert the string to char *, set it for future use, and return it
+			char wideBuf[512];
+			int result = V_UnicodeToUTF8(pKey->m_wsValue, wideBuf, 512);
+			if (result)
+			{
+				// note: this will copy wideBuf
+				SetString(pszKeyName, wideBuf);
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				return pszDefaultValue;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+		case TYPE_STRING:
+			break;
+		default:
+			return pszDefaultValue;
+		};
+
+		return pKey->m_sValue;
+	}
+	return pszDefaultValue;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Get the wide string pointer of a keyName. Default value is returned
+//			if the keyName can't be found.
+// // Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			pwszDefaultValue -
+// Output : const wchar_t*
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const wchar_t* KeyValues::GetWString(const char* pszKeyName, const wchar_t* pwszDefaultValue)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, false);
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		wchar_t wbuf[64];
+		switch (pKey->m_iDataType)
+		{
+		case TYPE_FLOAT:
+			swprintf(wbuf, ARRAYSIZE(wbuf), L"%f", pKey->m_flValue);
+			SetWString(pszKeyName, wbuf);
+			break;
+		case TYPE_PTR:
+			swprintf(wbuf, ARRAYSIZE(wbuf), L"%lld", static_cast<int64_t>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(pKey->m_pValue)));
+			SetWString(pszKeyName, wbuf);
+			break;
+		case TYPE_INT:
+			swprintf(wbuf, ARRAYSIZE(wbuf), L"%d", pKey->m_iValue);
+			SetWString(pszKeyName, wbuf);
+			break;
+		case TYPE_UINT64:
+		{
+			swprintf(wbuf, ARRAYSIZE(wbuf), L"%lld", *(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(pKey->m_sValue)));
+			SetWString(pszKeyName, wbuf);
+		}
+		break;
+		case TYPE_COLOR:
+			swprintf(wbuf, ARRAYSIZE(wbuf), L"%d %d %d %d", pKey->m_Color[0], pKey->m_Color[1], pKey->m_Color[2], pKey->m_Color[3]);
+			SetWString(pszKeyName, wbuf);
+			break;
+
+		case TYPE_WSTRING:
+			break;
+		case TYPE_STRING:
+		{
+			size_t bufSize = strlen(pKey->m_sValue) + 1;
+			wchar_t* pWBuf = new wchar_t[bufSize];
+			int result = V_UTF8ToUnicode(pKey->m_sValue, pWBuf, static_cast<int>(bufSize * sizeof(wchar_t)));
+			if (result >= 0) // may be a zero length string
+			{
+				SetWString(pszKeyName, pWBuf);
+				delete[] pWBuf;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				delete[] pWBuf;
+				return pwszDefaultValue;
+			}
+
+			break;
+		}
+		default:
+			return pwszDefaultValue;
+		};
+
+		return reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t*>(pKey->m_wsValue);
+	}
+	return pwszDefaultValue;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Gets a color
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			&defaultColor -
+// Output : Color
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Color KeyValues::GetColor(const char* pszKeyName, const Color& defaultColor)
+{
+	Color color = defaultColor;
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, false);
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		if (pKey->m_iDataType == TYPE_COLOR)
+		{
+			color[0] = pKey->m_Color[0];
+			color[1] = pKey->m_Color[1];
+			color[2] = pKey->m_Color[2];
+			color[3] = pKey->m_Color[3];
+		}
+		else if (pKey->m_iDataType == TYPE_FLOAT)
+		{
+			color[0] = static_cast<unsigned char>(pKey->m_flValue);
+		}
+		else if (pKey->m_iDataType == TYPE_INT)
+		{
+			color[0] = static_cast<unsigned char>(pKey->m_iValue);
+		}
+		else if (pKey->m_iDataType == TYPE_STRING)
+		{
+			// parse the colors out of the string
+			float a = 0, b = 0, c = 0, d = 0;
+			sscanf(pKey->m_sValue, "%f %f %f %f", &a, &b, &c, &d);
+			color[0] = static_cast<unsigned char>(a);
+			color[1] = static_cast<unsigned char>(b);
+			color[2] = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+			color[3] = static_cast<unsigned char>(d);
+		}
+	}
+	return color;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Get the data type of the value stored in a keyName
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValuesTypes_t KeyValues::GetDataType(const char* pszKeyName)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, false);
+	if (pKey)
+		return static_cast<KeyValuesTypes_t>(pKey->m_iDataType);
+
+	return TYPE_NONE;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Get the data type of the value stored in this keyName
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValuesTypes_t KeyValues::GetDataType(void) const
+{
+	return static_cast<KeyValuesTypes_t>(m_iDataType);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Set the integer value of a keyName.
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			iValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::SetInt(const char* pszKeyName, int iValue)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, true);
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		pKey->m_iValue = iValue;
+		pKey->m_iDataType = TYPE_INT;
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Set the integer value of a keyName.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::SetUint64(const char* pszKeyName, uint64_t nValue)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, true);
+
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		// delete the old value
+		delete[] pKey->m_sValue;
+		// make sure we're not storing the WSTRING  - as we're converting over to STRING
+		delete[] pKey->m_wsValue;
+		pKey->m_wsValue = nullptr;
+
+		pKey->m_sValue = new char[sizeof(uint64_t)];
+		*(reinterpret_cast<uint64_t*>(pKey->m_sValue)) = nValue;
+		pKey->m_iDataType = TYPE_UINT64;
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Set the float value of a keyName.
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			flValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::SetFloat(const char* pszKeyName, float flValue)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, true);
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		pKey->m_flValue = flValue;
+		pKey->m_iDataType = TYPE_FLOAT;
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Set the name value of a keyName.
+// Input  : *pszSetName -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::SetName(const char* pszSetName)
+{
+	HKeySymbol hCaseSensitiveKeyName = INVALID_KEY_SYMBOL, hCaseInsensitiveKeyName = INVALID_KEY_SYMBOL;
+	hCaseSensitiveKeyName =
+		KeyValuesSystem()->m_pVtable->GetSymbolForStringCaseSensitive(KeyValuesSystem(), hCaseInsensitiveKeyName, pszSetName, false);
+
+	m_iKeyName = hCaseInsensitiveKeyName;
+	SPLIT_3_BYTES_INTO_1_AND_2(m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive1, m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive2, hCaseSensitiveKeyName);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Set the pointer value of a keyName.
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			*pValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::SetPtr(const char* pszKeyName, void* pValue)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, true);
+
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		pKey->m_pValue = pValue;
+		pKey->m_iDataType = TYPE_PTR;
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Set the string value (internal)
+// Input  : *pszValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::SetStringValue(char const* pszValue)
+{
+	// delete the old value
+	delete[] m_sValue;
+	// make sure we're not storing the WSTRING  - as we're converting over to STRING
+	delete[] m_wsValue;
+	m_wsValue = nullptr;
+
+	if (!pszValue)
+	{
+		// ensure a valid value
+		pszValue = "";
+	}
+
+	// allocate memory for the new value and copy it in
+	size_t len = strlen(pszValue);
+	m_sValue = new char[len + 1];
+	memcpy(m_sValue, pszValue, len + 1);
+
+	m_iDataType = TYPE_STRING;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Sets this key's peer to the KeyValues passed in
+// Input  : *pDat -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::SetNextKey(KeyValues* pDat)
+{
+	m_pPeer = pDat;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Set the string value of a keyName.
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			*pszValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::SetString(const char* pszKeyName, const char* pszValue)
+{
+	if (KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, true))
+	{
+		pKey->SetStringValue(pszValue);
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Set the string value of a keyName.
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			*pwszValue -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::SetWString(const char* pszKeyName, const wchar_t* pwszValue)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, true);
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		// delete the old value
+		delete[] pKey->m_wsValue;
+		// make sure we're not storing the STRING  - as we're converting over to WSTRING
+		delete[] pKey->m_sValue;
+		pKey->m_sValue = nullptr;
+
+		if (!pwszValue)
+		{
+			// ensure a valid value
+			pwszValue = L"";
+		}
+
+		// allocate memory for the new value and copy it in
+		size_t len = wcslen(pwszValue);
+		pKey->m_wsValue = new wchar_t[len + 1];
+		memcpy(pKey->m_wsValue, pwszValue, (len + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
+
+		pKey->m_iDataType = TYPE_WSTRING;
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Sets a color
+// Input  : *pszKeyName -
+//			color -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::SetColor(const char* pszKeyName, Color color)
+{
+	KeyValues* pKey = FindKey(pszKeyName, true);
+
+	if (pKey)
+	{
+		pKey->m_iDataType = TYPE_COLOR;
+		pKey->m_Color[0] = color[0];
+		pKey->m_Color[1] = color[1];
+		pKey->m_Color[2] = color[2];
+		pKey->m_Color[3] = color[3];
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+// Input  : &src -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::RecursiveCopyKeyValues(KeyValues& src)
+{
+	// garymcthack - need to check this code for possible buffer overruns.
+
+	m_iKeyName = src.m_iKeyName;
+	m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive1 = src.m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive1;
+	m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive2 = src.m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive2;
+
+	if (!src.m_pSub)
+	{
+		m_iDataType = src.m_iDataType;
+		char buf[256];
+		switch (src.m_iDataType)
+		{
+		case TYPE_NONE:
+			break;
+		case TYPE_STRING:
+			if (src.m_sValue)
+			{
+				size_t len = strlen(src.m_sValue) + 1;
+				m_sValue = new char[len];
+				strncpy(m_sValue, src.m_sValue, len);
+			}
+			break;
+		case TYPE_INT:
+		{
+			m_iValue = src.m_iValue;
+			snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d", m_iValue);
+			size_t len = strlen(buf) + 1;
+			m_sValue = new char[len];
+			strncpy(m_sValue, buf, len);
+		}
+		break;
+		case TYPE_FLOAT:
+		{
+			m_flValue = src.m_flValue;
+			snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%f", m_flValue);
+			size_t len = strlen(buf) + 1;
+			m_sValue = new char[len];
+			strncpy(m_sValue, buf, len);
+		}
+		break;
+		case TYPE_PTR:
+		{
+			m_pValue = src.m_pValue;
+		}
+		break;
+		case TYPE_UINT64:
+		{
+			m_sValue = new char[sizeof(uint64_t)];
+			memcpy(m_sValue, src.m_sValue, sizeof(uint64_t));
+		}
+		break;
+		case TYPE_COLOR:
+		{
+			m_Color[0] = src.m_Color[0];
+			m_Color[1] = src.m_Color[1];
+			m_Color[2] = src.m_Color[2];
+			m_Color[3] = src.m_Color[3];
+		}
+		break;
+
+		default:
+		{
+			// do nothing . .what the heck is this?
+			assert(0);
+		}
+		break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Handle the immediate child
+	if (src.m_pSub)
+	{
+		m_pSub = new KeyValues;
+
+		m_pSub->Init();
+		m_pSub->SetName(nullptr);
+
+		m_pSub->RecursiveCopyKeyValues(*src.m_pSub);
+	}
+
+	// Handle the immediate peer
+	if (src.m_pPeer)
+	{
+		m_pPeer = new KeyValues;
+
+		m_pPeer->Init();
+		m_pPeer->SetName(nullptr);
+
+		m_pPeer->RecursiveCopyKeyValues(*src.m_pPeer);
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Make a new copy of all subkeys, add them all to the passed-in keyvalues
+// Input  : *pParent -
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void KeyValues::CopySubkeys(KeyValues* pParent) const
+{
+	// recursively copy subkeys
+	// Also maintain ordering....
+	KeyValues* pPrev = nullptr;
+	for (KeyValues* pSub = m_pSub; pSub != nullptr; pSub = pSub->m_pPeer)
+	{
+		// take a copy of the subkey
+		KeyValues* pKey = pSub->MakeCopy();
+
+		// add into subkey list
+		if (pPrev)
+		{
+			pPrev->m_pPeer = pKey;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			pParent->m_pSub = pKey;
+		}
+		pKey->m_pPeer = nullptr;
+		pPrev = pKey;
+	}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Makes a copy of the whole key-value pair set
+// Output : KeyValues*
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+KeyValues* KeyValues::MakeCopy(void) const
+{
+	KeyValues* pNewKeyValue = new KeyValues;
+
+	pNewKeyValue->Init();
+	pNewKeyValue->SetName(GetName());
+
+	// copy data
+	pNewKeyValue->m_iDataType = m_iDataType;
+	switch (m_iDataType)
+	{
+	case TYPE_STRING:
+	{
+		if (m_sValue)
+		{
+			size_t len = strlen(m_sValue);
+			assert(!pNewKeyValue->m_sValue);
+			pNewKeyValue->m_sValue = new char[len + 1];
+			memcpy(pNewKeyValue->m_sValue, m_sValue, len + 1);
+		}
+	}
+	break;
+	case TYPE_WSTRING:
+	{
+		if (m_wsValue)
+		{
+			size_t len = wcslen(m_wsValue);
+			pNewKeyValue->m_wsValue = new wchar_t[len + 1];
+			memcpy(pNewKeyValue->m_wsValue, m_wsValue, len + 1 * sizeof(wchar_t));
+		}
+	}
+	break;
+
+	case TYPE_INT:
+		pNewKeyValue->m_iValue = m_iValue;
+		break;
+
+	case TYPE_FLOAT:
+		pNewKeyValue->m_flValue = m_flValue;
+		break;
+
+	case TYPE_PTR:
+		pNewKeyValue->m_pValue = m_pValue;
+		break;
+
+	case TYPE_COLOR:
+		pNewKeyValue->m_Color[0] = m_Color[0];
+		pNewKeyValue->m_Color[1] = m_Color[1];
+		pNewKeyValue->m_Color[2] = m_Color[2];
+		pNewKeyValue->m_Color[3] = m_Color[3];
+		break;
+
+	case TYPE_UINT64:
+		pNewKeyValue->m_sValue = new char[sizeof(uint64_t)];
+		memcpy(pNewKeyValue->m_sValue, m_sValue, sizeof(uint64_t));
+		break;
+	};
+
+	// recursively copy subkeys
+	CopySubkeys(pNewKeyValue);
+	return pNewKeyValue;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("vstdlib.dll", KeyValues, (CModule module))
+{
+	V_UTF8ToUnicode = module.GetExport("V_UTF8ToUnicode").RCast<int (*)(const char*, wchar_t*, int)>();
+	V_UnicodeToUTF8 = module.GetExport("V_UnicodeToUTF8").RCast<int (*)(const wchar_t*, char*, int)>();
+	KeyValuesSystem = module.GetExport("KeyValuesSystem").RCast<CKeyValuesSystem* (*)()>();
+}
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(KeyValues__LoadFromBuffer, engine.dll + 0x426C30,
+char, __fastcall, (KeyValues* self, const char* pResourceName, const char* pBuffer, void* pFileSystem, void* a5, void* a6, int a7))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	static void* pSavedFilesystemPtr = nullptr;
+
+	// this is just to allow playlists to get a valid pFileSystem ptr for kv building, other functions that call this particular overload of
+	// LoadFromBuffer seem to get called on network stuff exclusively not exactly sure what the address wanted here is, so just taking it
+	// from a function call that always happens before playlists is loaded
+
+	// note: would be better if we could serialize this to disk for playlists, as this method breaks saving playlists in demos
+	if (pFileSystem != nullptr)
+		pSavedFilesystemPtr = pFileSystem;
+	if (!pFileSystem && !strcmp(pResourceName, "playlists"))
+		pFileSystem = pSavedFilesystemPtr;
+
+	return KeyValues__LoadFromBuffer(self, pResourceName, pBuffer, pFileSystem, a5, a6, a7);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", EngineKeyValues, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+}
diff --git a/primedev/shared/keyvalues.h b/primedev/shared/keyvalues.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bd62797e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/keyvalues.h
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "core/math/color.h"
+
+enum KeyValuesTypes_t : char
+{
+	TYPE_NONE = 0x0,
+	TYPE_STRING = 0x1,
+	TYPE_INT = 0x2,
+	TYPE_FLOAT = 0x3,
+	TYPE_PTR = 0x4,
+	TYPE_WSTRING = 0x5,
+	TYPE_COLOR = 0x6,
+	TYPE_UINT64 = 0x7,
+	TYPE_COMPILED_INT_BYTE = 0x8,
+	TYPE_COMPILED_INT_0 = 0x9,
+	TYPE_COMPILED_INT_1 = 0xA,
+	TYPE_NUMTYPES = 0xB,
+};
+
+enum MergeKeyValuesOp_t
+{
+	MERGE_KV_ALL,
+	MERGE_KV_UPDATE, // update values are copied into storage, adding new keys to storage or updating existing ones
+	MERGE_KV_DELETE, // update values specify keys that get deleted from storage
+	MERGE_KV_BORROW, // update values only update existing keys in storage, keys in update that do not exist in storage are discarded
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Simple recursive data access class
+//			Used in vgui for message parameters and resource files
+//			Destructor deletes all child KeyValues nodes
+//			Data is stored in key (string names) - (string/int/float)value pairs called nodes.
+//
+//	About KeyValues Text File Format:
+
+//	It has 3 control characters '{', '}' and '"'. Names and values may be quoted or
+//	not. The quote '"' character must not be used within name or values, only for
+//	quoting whole tokens. You may use escape sequences wile parsing and add within a
+//	quoted token a \" to add quotes within your name or token. When using Escape
+//	Sequence the parser must now that by setting KeyValues::UsesEscapeSequences( true ),
+//	which it's off by default. Non-quoted tokens ends with a whitespace, '{', '}' and '"'.
+//	So you may use '{' and '}' within quoted tokens, but not for non-quoted tokens.
+//  An open bracket '{' after a key name indicates a list of subkeys which is finished
+//  with a closing bracket '}'. Subkeys use the same definitions recursively.
+//  Whitespaces are space, return, newline and tabulator. Allowed Escape sequences
+//	are \n, \t, \\, \n and \". The number character '#' is used for macro purposes
+//	(eg #include), don't use it as first character in key names.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class KeyValues
+{
+private:
+	KeyValues(); // for internal use only
+
+public:
+	// Constructors/destructors
+	KeyValues(const char* pszSetName);
+	KeyValues(const char* pszSetName, const char* pszFirstKey, const char* pszFirstValue);
+	KeyValues(const char* pszSetName, const char* pszFirstKey, const wchar_t* pwszFirstValue);
+	KeyValues(const char* pszSetName, const char* pszFirstKey, int iFirstValue);
+	KeyValues(
+		const char* pszSetName, const char* pszFirstKey, const char* pszFirstValue, const char* pszSecondKey, const char* pszSecondValue);
+	KeyValues(const char* pszSetName, const char* pszFirstKey, int iFirstValue, const char* pszSecondKey, int iSecondValue);
+	~KeyValues(void);
+
+	void Init(void);
+	void Clear(void);
+	void DeleteThis(void);
+	void RemoveEverything();
+
+	KeyValues* FindKey(const char* pKeyName, bool bCreate = false);
+	KeyValues* FindLastSubKey(void) const;
+
+	void AddSubKey(KeyValues* pSubkey);
+	void RemoveSubKey(KeyValues* pSubKey);
+	void InsertSubKey(int nIndex, KeyValues* pSubKey);
+	bool ContainsSubKey(KeyValues* pSubKey);
+	void SwapSubKey(KeyValues* pExistingSubkey, KeyValues* pNewSubKey);
+	void ElideSubKey(KeyValues* pSubKey);
+
+	// Data access
+	bool IsEmpty(const char* pszKeyName);
+	KeyValues* GetFirstTrueSubKey(void) const;
+	KeyValues* GetNextTrueSubKey(void) const;
+	KeyValues* GetFirstValue(void) const;
+	KeyValues* GetNextValue(void) const;
+	KeyValues* GetFirstSubKey() const;
+	KeyValues* GetNextKey() const;
+	const char* GetName(void) const;
+	int GetInt(const char* pszKeyName, int iDefaultValue);
+	uint64_t GetUint64(const char* pszKeyName, uint64_t nDefaultValue);
+	void* GetPtr(const char* pszKeyName, void* pDefaultValue);
+	float GetFloat(const char* pszKeyName, float flDefaultValue);
+	const char* GetString(const char* pszKeyName = nullptr, const char* pszDefaultValue = "");
+	const wchar_t* GetWString(const char* pszKeyName = nullptr, const wchar_t* pwszDefaultValue = L"");
+	Color GetColor(const char* pszKeyName, const Color& defaultColor);
+	KeyValuesTypes_t GetDataType(const char* pszKeyName);
+	KeyValuesTypes_t GetDataType(void) const;
+
+	// Key writing
+	void SetInt(const char* pszKeyName, int iValue);
+	void SetUint64(const char* pszKeyName, uint64_t nValue);
+	void SetPtr(const char* pszKeyName, void* pValue);
+	void SetNextKey(KeyValues* pDat);
+	void SetName(const char* pszName);
+	void SetString(const char* pszKeyName, const char* pszValue);
+	void SetWString(const char* pszKeyName, const wchar_t* pwszValue);
+	void SetStringValue(char const* pszValue);
+	void SetColor(const char* pszKeyName, Color color);
+	void SetFloat(const char* pszKeyName, float flValue);
+
+	void RecursiveCopyKeyValues(KeyValues& src);
+	void CopySubkeys(KeyValues* pParent) const;
+	KeyValues* MakeCopy(void) const;
+
+public:
+	uint32_t m_iKeyName : 24; // 0x0000
+	uint32_t m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive1 : 8; // 0x0003
+	char* m_sValue; // 0x0008
+	wchar_t* m_wsValue; // 0x0010
+	union // 0x0018
+	{
+		int m_iValue;
+		float m_flValue;
+		void* m_pValue;
+		unsigned char m_Color[4];
+	};
+	char m_szShortName[8]; // 0x0020
+	char m_iDataType; // 0x0028
+	char m_bHasEscapeSequences; // 0x0029
+	uint16_t m_iKeyNameCaseSensitive2; // 0x002A
+	KeyValues* m_pPeer; // 0x0030
+	KeyValues* m_pSub; // 0x0038
+	KeyValues* m_pChain; // 0x0040
+};
diff --git a/primedev/shared/maxplayers.cpp b/primedev/shared/maxplayers.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..711193d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/maxplayers.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,640 @@
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "maxplayers.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// never set this to anything below 32
+#define NEW_MAX_PLAYERS 64
+// dg note: the theoretical limit is actually 100, 76 works without entity issues, and 64 works without clientside prediction issues.
+
+#define PAD_NUMBER(number, boundary) (((number) + ((boundary)-1)) / (boundary)) * (boundary)
+
+// this is horrible
+constexpr int PlayerResource_Name_Start = 0; // Start of modded allocated space.
+constexpr int PlayerResource_Name_Size = ((NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1) * 8); // const char* m_szName[MAX_PLAYERS + 1];
+
+constexpr int PlayerResource_Ping_Start = PlayerResource_Name_Start + PlayerResource_Name_Size;
+constexpr int PlayerResource_Ping_Size = ((NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1) * 4); // int m_iPing[MAX_PLAYERS + 1];
+
+constexpr int PlayerResource_Team_Start = PlayerResource_Ping_Start + PlayerResource_Ping_Size;
+constexpr int PlayerResource_Team_Size = ((NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1) * 4); // int m_iTeam[MAX_PLAYERS + 1];
+
+constexpr int PlayerResource_PRHealth_Start = PlayerResource_Team_Start + PlayerResource_Team_Size;
+constexpr int PlayerResource_PRHealth_Size = ((NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1) * 4); // int m_iPRHealth[MAX_PLAYERS + 1];
+
+constexpr int PlayerResource_Connected_Start = PlayerResource_PRHealth_Start + PlayerResource_PRHealth_Size;
+constexpr int PlayerResource_Connected_Size = ((NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1) * 4); // int (used as a bool) m_bConnected[MAX_PLAYERS + 1];
+
+constexpr int PlayerResource_Alive_Start = PlayerResource_Connected_Start + PlayerResource_Connected_Size;
+constexpr int PlayerResource_Alive_Size = ((NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1) * 4); // int (used as a bool) m_bAlive[MAX_PLAYERS + 1];
+
+constexpr int PlayerResource_BoolStats_Start = PlayerResource_Alive_Start + PlayerResource_Alive_Size;
+constexpr int PlayerResource_BoolStats_Size = ((NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1) * 4); // int (used as a bool idk) m_boolStats[MAX_PLAYERS + 1];
+
+constexpr int PlayerResource_KillStats_Start = PlayerResource_BoolStats_Start + PlayerResource_BoolStats_Size;
+constexpr int PlayerResource_KillStats_Length = PAD_NUMBER((NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1) * 6, 4);
+constexpr int PlayerResource_KillStats_Size = (PlayerResource_KillStats_Length * 6); // int m_killStats[MAX_PLAYERS + 1][6];
+
+constexpr int PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Start = PlayerResource_KillStats_Start + PlayerResource_KillStats_Size;
+constexpr int PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Length = PAD_NUMBER((NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1) * 5, 4);
+constexpr int PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Size = (PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Length * 4); // int m_scoreStats[MAX_PLAYERS + 1][5];
+
+// must be the usage of the last field to account for any possible paddings
+constexpr int PlayerResource_TotalSize = PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Start + PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Size;
+
+constexpr int Team_PlayerArray_AddedLength = NEW_MAX_PLAYERS - 32;
+constexpr int Team_PlayerArray_AddedSize = PAD_NUMBER(Team_PlayerArray_AddedLength * 8, 4);
+constexpr int Team_AddedSize = Team_PlayerArray_AddedSize;
+
+bool MaxPlayersIncreaseEnabled()
+{
+	static bool bMaxPlayersIncreaseEnabled = CommandLine()->CheckParm("-experimentalmaxplayersincrease");
+	return bMaxPlayersIncreaseEnabled;
+}
+
+int GetMaxPlayers()
+{
+	if (MaxPlayersIncreaseEnabled())
+		return NEW_MAX_PLAYERS;
+
+	return 32;
+}
+
+template <class T> void ChangeOffset(CMemoryAddress addr, unsigned int offset)
+{
+	addr.Patch((BYTE*)&offset, sizeof(T));
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(StringTables_CreateStringTable, engine.dll + 0x22E220,
+void*,, (void* thisptr, const char* name, int maxentries, int userdatafixedsize, int userdatanetworkbits, int flags))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// Change the amount of entries to account for a bigger player amount
+	if (!strcmp(name, "userinfo"))
+	{
+		int maxPlayersPowerOf2 = 1;
+		while (maxPlayersPowerOf2 < NEW_MAX_PLAYERS)
+			maxPlayersPowerOf2 <<= 1;
+
+		maxentries = maxPlayersPowerOf2;
+	}
+
+	return StringTables_CreateStringTable(thisptr, name, maxentries, userdatafixedsize, userdatanetworkbits, flags);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", MaxPlayersOverride_Engine, (CModule module))
+{
+	if (!MaxPlayersIncreaseEnabled())
+		return;
+
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(engine.dll)
+
+	// patch GetPlayerLimits to ignore the boundary limit
+	module.Offset(0x116458).Patch("0xEB"); // jle => jmp
+
+	// patch ED_Alloc to change nFirstIndex
+	ChangeOffset<int>(module.Offset(0x18F46C + 1), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 8 + 1); // original: 41 (sv.GetMaxClients() + 1)
+
+	// patch CGameServer::SpawnServer to change GetMaxClients inline
+	ChangeOffset<int>(module.Offset(0x119543 + 2), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 8 + 1); // original: 41 (sv.GetMaxClients() + 1)
+
+	// patch CGameServer::SpawnServer to change for loop
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned char>(module.Offset(0x11957F + 2), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS); // original: 32
+
+	// patch CGameServer::SpawnServer to change for loop (there are two)
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned char>(module.Offset(0x119586 + 2), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1); // original: 33 (32 + 1)
+
+	// patch max players somewhere in CClientState
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned char>(module.Offset(0x1A162C + 2), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS - 1); // original: 31 (32 - 1)
+
+	// patch max players in userinfo stringtable creation
+	/*{
+		int maxPlayersPowerOf2 = 1;
+		while (maxPlayersPowerOf2 < NEW_MAX_PLAYERS)
+			maxPlayersPowerOf2 <<= 1;
+		ChangeOffset<unsigned char>((char*)baseAddress + 0x114B79 + 3, maxPlayersPowerOf2); // original: 32
+	}*/
+	// this is not supposed to work at all but it does on 64 players (how)
+	// proper fix below
+
+	// patch max players in userinfo stringtable creation loop
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned char>(module.Offset(0x114C48 + 2), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS); // original: 32
+
+	// do not load prebaked SendTable message list
+	module.Offset(0x75859).Patch("EB"); // jnz -> jmp
+}
+
+typedef void (*RunUserCmds_Type)(bool a1, float a2);
+RunUserCmds_Type RunUserCmds_Original;
+
+HMODULE serverBase = 0;
+auto RandomIntZeroMax = (__int64(__fastcall*)())0;
+
+// lazy rebuild
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(RunUserCmds, server.dll + 0x483D10,
+void,, (bool a1, float a2))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	unsigned char v3; // bl
+	int v5; // er14
+	int i; // edi
+	__int64 v7; // rax
+	DWORD* v8; // rbx
+	int v9; // edi
+	__int64* v10; // rsi
+	__int64 v11; // rax
+	int v12; // er12
+	__int64 v13; // rdi
+	int v14; // ebx
+	int v15; // eax
+	__int64 v16; // r8
+	int v17; // edx
+	char v18; // r15
+	char v19; // bp
+	int v20; // esi
+	__int64* v21; // rdi
+	__int64 v22; // rcx
+	bool v23; // al
+	__int64 v24; // rax
+	__int64 v25[NEW_MAX_PLAYERS]; // [rsp+20h] [rbp-138h] BYREF
+
+	uintptr_t base = (__int64)serverBase;
+	auto g_pGlobals = *(__int64*)(base + 0xBFBE08);
+	__int64 globals = g_pGlobals;
+
+	auto g_pEngineServer = *(__int64*)(base + 0xBFBD98);
+
+	auto qword_1814D9648 = *(__int64*)(base + 0x14D9648);
+	auto qword_1814DA408 = *(__int64*)(base + 0x14DA408);
+	auto qword_1812107E8 = *(__int64*)(base + 0x12107E8);
+	auto qword_1812105A8 = *(__int64*)(base + 0x12105A8);
+
+	auto UTIL_PlayerByIndex = (__int64(__fastcall*)(int index))(base + 0x26AA10);
+	auto sub_180485590 = (void(__fastcall*)(__int64))(base + 0x485590);
+	auto sub_18058CD80 = (void(__fastcall*)(__int64))(base + 0x58CD80);
+	auto sub_1805A6D90 = (void(__fastcall*)(__int64))(base + 0x5A6D90);
+	auto sub_1805A6E50 = (bool(__fastcall*)(__int64, int, char))(base + 0x5A6E50);
+	auto sub_1805A6C20 = (void(__fastcall*)(__int64))(base + 0x5A6C20);
+
+	v3 = *(unsigned char*)(g_pGlobals + 73);
+	if (*(DWORD*)(qword_1814D9648 + 92) &&
+		((*(unsigned __int8(__fastcall**)(__int64))(*(__int64*)g_pEngineServer + 32))(g_pEngineServer) ||
+		 !*(DWORD*)(qword_1814DA408 + 92)) &&
+		v3)
+	{
+		globals = g_pGlobals;
+		v5 = 1;
+		for (i = 1; i <= *(DWORD*)(g_pGlobals + 52); ++i)
+		{
+			v7 = UTIL_PlayerByIndex(i);
+			v8 = (DWORD*)v7;
+			if (v7)
+			{
+				*(__int64*)(base + 0x1210420) = v7;
+				*(float*)(g_pGlobals + 16) = a2;
+				if (!a1)
+					sub_18058CD80(v7);
+				sub_1805A6D90((__int64)v8);
+			}
+			globals = g_pGlobals;
+		}
+		memset(v25, 0, sizeof(v25));
+		v9 = 0;
+		if (*(int*)(globals + 52) > 0)
+		{
+			v10 = v25;
+			do
+			{
+				v11 = UTIL_PlayerByIndex(++v9);
+				globals = g_pGlobals;
+				*v10++ = v11;
+			} while (v9 < *(DWORD*)(globals + 52));
+		}
+		v12 = *(DWORD*)(qword_1812107E8 + 92);
+		if (*(DWORD*)(qword_1812105A8 + 92))
+		{
+			v13 = *(DWORD*)(globals + 52) - 1;
+			if (v13 >= 1)
+			{
+				v14 = *(DWORD*)(globals + 52);
+				do
+				{
+					v15 = RandomIntZeroMax();
+					v16 = v25[v13--];
+					v17 = v15 % v14--;
+					v25[v13 + 1] = v25[v17];
+					v25[v17] = v16;
+				} while (v13 >= 1);
+				globals = g_pGlobals;
+			}
+		}
+		v18 = 1;
+		do
+		{
+			v19 = 0;
+			v20 = 0;
+			if (*(int*)(globals + 52) > 0)
+			{
+				v21 = v25;
+				do
+				{
+					v22 = *v21;
+					if (*v21)
+					{
+						*(__int64*)(base + 0x1210420) = *v21;
+						*(float*)(globals + 16) = a2;
+						v23 = sub_1805A6E50(v22, v12, v18);
+						globals = g_pGlobals;
+						if (v23)
+							v19 = 1;
+						else
+							*v21 = 0;
+					}
+					++v20;
+					++v21;
+				} while (v20 < *(DWORD*)(globals + 52));
+			}
+			v18 = 0;
+		} while (v19);
+		if (*(int*)(globals + 52) >= 1)
+		{
+			do
+			{
+				v24 = UTIL_PlayerByIndex(v5);
+				if (v24)
+				{
+					*(__int64*)(base + 0x1210420) = v24;
+					*(float*)(g_pGlobals + 16) = a2;
+					sub_1805A6C20(v24);
+				}
+				++v5;
+			} while (v5 <= *(DWORD*)(g_pGlobals + 52));
+		}
+		sub_180485590(*(__int64*)(base + 0xB7B2D8));
+	}
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(SendPropArray2, server.dll + 0x12B130,
+__int64,, (__int64 recvProp, int elements, int flags, const char* name, __int64 proxyFn, unsigned char unk1))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// Change the amount of elements to account for a bigger player amount
+	if (!strcmp(name, "\"player_array\""))
+		elements = NEW_MAX_PLAYERS;
+
+	return SendPropArray2(recvProp, elements, flags, name, proxyFn, unk1);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("server.dll", MaxPlayersOverride_Server, (CModule module))
+{
+	if (!MaxPlayersIncreaseEnabled())
+		return;
+
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(server.dll)
+
+	// get required data
+	serverBase = (HMODULE)module.m_nAddress;
+	RandomIntZeroMax = (decltype(RandomIntZeroMax))(GetProcAddress(GetModuleHandleA("vstdlib.dll"), "RandomIntZeroMax"));
+
+	// patch max players amount
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned char>(module.Offset(0x9A44D + 3), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS); // 0x20 (32) => 0x80 (128)
+
+	// patch SpawnGlobalNonRewinding to change forced edict index
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned char>(module.Offset(0x2BC403 + 2), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1); // original: 33 (32 + 1)
+
+	constexpr int CPlayerResource_OriginalSize = 4776;
+	constexpr int CPlayerResource_AddedSize = PlayerResource_TotalSize;
+	constexpr int CPlayerResource_ModifiedSize = CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + CPlayerResource_AddedSize;
+
+	// CPlayerResource class allocation function - allocate a bigger amount to fit all new max player data
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C560A + 1), CPlayerResource_ModifiedSize);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_iPing SendProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C5059 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Ping_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C50A8 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Ping_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C50E2 + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_iPing DataMap
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xB94598), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Ping_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB9459C), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB945C0), PlayerResource_Ping_Size);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_iTeam SendProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C5110 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Team_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C519C + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Team_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C517E + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_iTeam DataMap
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xB94600), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Team_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB94604), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB94628), PlayerResource_Team_Size);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_iPRHealth SendProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C51C0 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_PRHealth_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C5204 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_PRHealth_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C523E + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_iPRHealth DataMap
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xB94668), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_PRHealth_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB9466C), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB94690), PlayerResource_PRHealth_Size);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_bConnected SendProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C526C + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C52B4 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C52EE + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_bConnected DataMap
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xB946D0), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB946D4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB946F8), PlayerResource_Connected_Size);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_bAlive SendProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C5321 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Alive_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C5364 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Alive_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C539E + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_bAlive DataMap
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xB94738), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Alive_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB9473C), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB94760), PlayerResource_Alive_Size);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_boolStats SendProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C53CC + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_BoolStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C5414 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_BoolStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C544E + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_boolStats DataMap
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xB947A0), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_BoolStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB947A4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB947C8), PlayerResource_BoolStats_Size);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_killStats SendProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C547C + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_KillStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C54E2 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_KillStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C54FE + 4), PlayerResource_KillStats_Length);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_killStats DataMap
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xB94808), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_KillStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB9480C), PlayerResource_KillStats_Length);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB94830), PlayerResource_KillStats_Size);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_scoreStats SendProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C5528 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C5576 + 2), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C5584 + 4), PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Length);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_scoreStats DataMap
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xB94870), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB94874), PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Length);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xB94898), PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Size);
+
+	// CPlayerResource::UpdatePlayerData - m_bConnected
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C66EE + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C672E + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+
+	// CPlayerResource::UpdatePlayerData - m_iPing
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C6394 + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Ping_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C63DB + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Ping_Start);
+
+	// CPlayerResource::UpdatePlayerData - m_iTeam
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C63FD + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Team_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C6442 + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Team_Start);
+
+	// CPlayerResource::UpdatePlayerData - m_iPRHealth
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C645B + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_PRHealth_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C64A0 + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_PRHealth_Start);
+
+	// CPlayerResource::UpdatePlayerData - m_bConnected
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C64AA + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C64F0 + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+
+	// CPlayerResource::UpdatePlayerData - m_bAlive
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C650A + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Alive_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C654F + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Alive_Start);
+
+	// CPlayerResource::UpdatePlayerData - m_boolStats
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C6557 + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_BoolStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C65A5 + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_BoolStats_Start);
+
+	// CPlayerResource::UpdatePlayerData - m_scoreStats
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C65C2 + 3), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C65E3 + 4), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Start);
+
+	// CPlayerResource::UpdatePlayerData - m_killStats
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C6654 + 3), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_KillStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x5C665B + 3), CPlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_KillStats_Start);
+
+	*module.Offset(0x14E7390).RCast<DWORD*>() = 0;
+	auto DT_PlayerResource_Construct = module.Offset(0x5C4FE0).RCast<__int64(__fastcall*)()>();
+	DT_PlayerResource_Construct();
+
+	constexpr int CTeam_OriginalSize = 3336;
+	constexpr int CTeam_AddedSize = Team_AddedSize;
+	constexpr int CTeam_ModifiedSize = CTeam_OriginalSize + CTeam_AddedSize;
+
+	// CTeam class allocation function - allocate a bigger amount to fit all new team player data
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x23924A + 1), CTeam_ModifiedSize);
+
+	// CTeam::CTeam - increase memset length to clean newly allocated data
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x2395AE + 2), 256 + CTeam_AddedSize);
+
+	*module.Offset(0xC945A0).RCast<DWORD*>() = 0;
+	auto DT_Team_Construct = module.Offset(0x238F50).RCast<__int64(__fastcall*)()>();
+	DT_Team_Construct();
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(RecvPropArray2, client.dll + 0x1CEDA0,
+__int64,, (__int64 recvProp, int elements, int flags, const char* name, __int64 proxyFn))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// Change the amount of elements to account for a bigger player amount
+	if (!strcmp(name, "\"player_array\""))
+		elements = NEW_MAX_PLAYERS;
+
+	return RecvPropArray2(recvProp, elements, flags, name, proxyFn);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("client.dll", MaxPlayersOverride_Client, (CModule module))
+{
+	if (!MaxPlayersIncreaseEnabled())
+		return;
+
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(client.dll)
+
+	constexpr int C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize = 5768;
+	constexpr int C_PlayerResource_AddedSize = PlayerResource_TotalSize;
+	constexpr int C_PlayerResource_ModifiedSize = C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + C_PlayerResource_AddedSize;
+
+	// C_PlayerResource class allocation function - allocate a bigger amount to fit all new max player data
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164C41 + 1), C_PlayerResource_ModifiedSize);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::C_PlayerResource - change loop end value
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned char>(module.Offset(0x1640C4 + 2), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS - 32);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::C_PlayerResource - change m_szName address
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(
+		module.Offset(0x1640D0 + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start); // appended to the end of the class
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::C_PlayerResource - change m_szName address
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(
+		module.Offset(0x1640D0 + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start); // appended to the end of the class
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::C_PlayerResource - increase memset length to clean newly allocated data
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1640D0 + 3), 2244 + C_PlayerResource_AddedSize);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::UpdatePlayerName - change m_szName address
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x16431F + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName - change m_szName address 1
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1645B1 + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName - change m_szName address 2
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1645C0 + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName - change m_szName address 3
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1645DD + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName internal func - change m_szName address 1
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164B71 + 4), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName internal func - change m_szName address 2
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164B9B + 4), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName2 (?) - change m_szName address 1
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164641 + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName2 (?) - change m_szName address 2
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164650 + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName2 (?) - change m_szName address 3
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x16466D + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName internal func - change m_szName2 (?) address 1
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164BA3 + 4), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName internal func - change m_szName2 (?) address 2
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164BCE + 4), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName internal func - change m_szName2 (?) address 3
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164BE7 + 4), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::m_szName
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xc350f8), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Name_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xc350f8 + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource size
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163415 + 6), C_PlayerResource_ModifiedSize);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_iPing RecvProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163492 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Ping_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1634D6 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Ping_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163515 + 5), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::m_iPing
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xc35170), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Ping_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xc35170 + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_iTeam RecvProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163549 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Team_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1635C8 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Team_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1635AD + 5), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::m_iTeam
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xc351e8), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Team_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xc351e8 + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_iPRHealth RecvProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1635F9 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_PRHealth_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163625 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_PRHealth_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163675 + 5), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::m_iPRHealth
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xc35260), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_PRHealth_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xc35260 + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_bConnected RecvProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1636A9 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1636D5 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163725 + 5), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::m_bConnected
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xc352d8), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xc352d8 + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_bAlive RecvProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163759 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Alive_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163785 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Alive_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1637D5 + 5), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::m_bAlive
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xc35350), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Alive_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xc35350 + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_boolStats RecvProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163809 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_BoolStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163835 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_BoolStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163885 + 5), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::m_boolStats
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xc353c8), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_BoolStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xc353c8 + 4), NEW_MAX_PLAYERS + 1);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_killStats RecvProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1638B3 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_KillStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1638E5 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_KillStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163935 + 5), PlayerResource_KillStats_Length);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::m_killStats
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xc35440), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_KillStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xc35440 + 4), PlayerResource_KillStats_Length);
+
+	// DT_PlayerResource::m_scoreStats RecvProp
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163969 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x163995 + 2), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1639E5 + 5), PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Length);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::m_scoreStats
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xc354b8), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Start);
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned short>(module.Offset(0xc354b8 + 4), PlayerResource_ScoreStats_Length);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName - change m_bConnected address
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164599 + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName2 (?) - change m_bConnected address
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164629 + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+
+	// C_PlayerResource::GetPlayerName internal func - change m_bConnected address
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164B13 + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+
+	// Some other get name func (that seems to be unused) - change m_bConnected address
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164860 + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+
+	// Some other get name func 2 (that seems to be unused too) - change m_bConnected address
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x164834 + 3), C_PlayerResource_OriginalSize + PlayerResource_Connected_Start);
+
+	*module.Offset(0xC35068).RCast<DWORD*>() = 0;
+	auto DT_PlayerResource_Construct = module.Offset(0x163400).RCast<__int64(__fastcall*)()>();
+	DT_PlayerResource_Construct();
+
+	constexpr int C_Team_OriginalSize = 3200;
+	constexpr int C_Team_AddedSize = Team_AddedSize;
+	constexpr int C_Team_ModifiedSize = C_Team_OriginalSize + C_Team_AddedSize;
+
+	// C_Team class allocation function - allocate a bigger amount to fit all new team player data
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x182321 + 1), C_Team_ModifiedSize);
+
+	// C_Team::C_Team - increase memset length to clean newly allocated data
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0x1804A2 + 2), 256 + C_Team_AddedSize);
+
+	// DT_Team size
+	ChangeOffset<unsigned int>(module.Offset(0xC3AA0C), C_Team_ModifiedSize);
+
+	*module.Offset(0xC3AFF8).RCast<DWORD*>() = 0;
+	auto DT_Team_Construct = module.Offset(0x17F950).RCast<__int64(__fastcall*)()>();
+	DT_Team_Construct();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/shared/maxplayers.h b/primedev/shared/maxplayers.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40a3ac58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/maxplayers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+int GetMaxPlayers();
diff --git a/primedev/shared/misccommands.cpp b/primedev/shared/misccommands.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..15da6767
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/misccommands.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+#include "misccommands.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "shared/playlist.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "client/r2client.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "engine/hoststate.h"
+#include "masterserver/masterserver.h"
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "server/auth/serverauthentication.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+
+void ConCommand_force_newgame(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	if (arg.ArgC() < 2)
+		return;
+
+	g_pHostState->m_iNextState = HostState_t::HS_NEW_GAME;
+	strncpy(g_pHostState->m_levelName, arg.Arg(1), sizeof(g_pHostState->m_levelName));
+}
+
+void ConCommand_ns_start_reauth_and_leave_to_lobby(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	// hack for special case where we're on a local server, so we erase our own newly created auth data on disconnect
+	g_pMasterServerManager->m_bNewgameAfterSelfAuth = true;
+	g_pMasterServerManager->AuthenticateWithOwnServer(g_pLocalPlayerUserID, g_pMasterServerManager->m_sOwnClientAuthToken);
+}
+
+void ConCommand_ns_end_reauth_and_leave_to_lobby(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	if (g_pServerAuthentication->m_RemoteAuthenticationData.size())
+		g_pCVar->FindVar("serverfilter")->SetValue(g_pServerAuthentication->m_RemoteAuthenticationData.begin()->first.c_str());
+
+	// weird way of checking, but check if client script vm is initialised, mainly just to allow players to cancel this
+	if (g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->m_pSQVM)
+	{
+		g_pServerAuthentication->m_bNeedLocalAuthForNewgame = true;
+
+		// this won't set playlist correctly on remote clients, don't think they can set playlist until they've left which sorta
+		// fucks things should maybe set this in HostState_NewGame?
+		R2::SetCurrentPlaylist("tdm");
+		strcpy(g_pHostState->m_levelName, "mp_lobby");
+		g_pHostState->m_iNextState = HostState_t::HS_NEW_GAME;
+	}
+}
+
+void ConCommand_cvar_setdefaultvalue(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	if (arg.ArgC() < 3)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("usage: cvar_setdefaultvalue mp_gamemode tdm");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ConVar* pCvar = g_pCVar->FindVar(arg.Arg(1));
+	if (!pCvar)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("usage: cvar_setdefaultvalue mp_gamemode tdm");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// unfortunately no way for us to not leak memory here, as default value might not be in writeable memory by default
+	int nLen = strlen(arg.Arg(2));
+	char* pBuf = new char[nLen + 1];
+	strncpy_s(pBuf, nLen + 1, arg.Arg(2), nLen);
+
+	pCvar->m_pszDefaultValue = pBuf;
+}
+
+void ConCommand_cvar_setvalueanddefaultvalue(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	if (arg.ArgC() < 3)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("usage: cvar_setvalueanddefaultvalue mp_gamemode tdm");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ConVar* pCvar = g_pCVar->FindVar(arg.Arg(1));
+	if (!pCvar)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("usage: cvar_setvalueanddefaultvalue mp_gamemode tdm");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// unfortunately no way for us to not leak memory here, as default value might not be in writeable memory by default
+	int nLen = strlen(arg.Arg(2));
+	char* pBuf = new char[nLen + 1];
+	strncpy_s(pBuf, nLen + 1, arg.Arg(2), nLen);
+
+	pCvar->m_pszDefaultValue = pBuf;
+	pCvar->SetValue(pCvar->m_pszDefaultValue);
+}
+
+void ConCommand_cvar_reset(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	if (arg.ArgC() < 2)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("usage: cvar_reset mp_gamemode");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ConVar* pCvar = g_pCVar->FindVar(arg.Arg(1));
+	if (!pCvar)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("usage: cvar_reset mp_gamemode");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// reset cvar
+	pCvar->SetValue(pCvar->m_pszDefaultValue);
+}
+
+void AddMiscConCommands()
+{
+	RegisterConCommand(
+		"force_newgame",
+		ConCommand_force_newgame,
+		"forces a map load through directly setting g_pHostState->m_iNextState to HS_NEW_GAME",
+		FCVAR_NONE);
+
+	RegisterConCommand(
+		"ns_start_reauth_and_leave_to_lobby",
+		ConCommand_ns_start_reauth_and_leave_to_lobby,
+		"called by the server, used to reauth and return the player to lobby when leaving a game",
+		FCVAR_SERVER_CAN_EXECUTE);
+
+	// this is a concommand because we make a deferred call to it from another thread
+	RegisterConCommand("ns_end_reauth_and_leave_to_lobby", ConCommand_ns_end_reauth_and_leave_to_lobby, "", FCVAR_NONE);
+
+	RegisterConCommand(
+		"cvar_setdefaultvalue",
+		ConCommand_cvar_setdefaultvalue,
+		"overwrites the default value of a cvar, for use with script and cvar_reset",
+		FCVAR_NONE);
+	RegisterConCommand(
+		"cvar_setvalueanddefaultvalue",
+		ConCommand_cvar_setvalueanddefaultvalue,
+		"overwrites the current value and default value of a cvar, for use with script and cvar_reset",
+		FCVAR_NONE);
+	RegisterConCommand("cvar_reset", ConCommand_cvar_reset, "resets a cvar's value to its default value", FCVAR_NONE);
+}
+
+// fixes up various cvar flags to have more sane values
+void FixupCvarFlags()
+{
+	if (CommandLine()->CheckParm("-allowdevcvars"))
+	{
+		// strip hidden and devonly cvar flags
+		int iNumCvarsAltered = 0;
+		for (auto& pair : g_pCVar->DumpToMap())
+		{
+			// strip flags
+			int flags = pair.second->GetFlags();
+			if (flags & FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY)
+			{
+				flags &= ~FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY;
+				iNumCvarsAltered++;
+			}
+
+			if (flags & FCVAR_HIDDEN)
+			{
+				flags &= ~FCVAR_HIDDEN;
+				iNumCvarsAltered++;
+			}
+
+			pair.second->m_nFlags = flags;
+		}
+
+		spdlog::info("Removed {} hidden/devonly cvar flags", iNumCvarsAltered);
+	}
+
+	// make all engine client commands FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS
+	// these are usually checked through CGameClient::IsEngineClientCommand, but we get more control over this if we just do it through
+	// cvar flags
+	const char** ppEngineClientCommands = CModule("engine.dll").Offset(0x7C5EF0).RCast<const char**>();
+
+	int i = 0;
+	do
+	{
+		ConCommandBase* pCommand = g_pCVar->FindCommandBase(ppEngineClientCommands[i]);
+		if (pCommand) // not all the commands in this array actually exist in respawn source
+			pCommand->m_nFlags |= FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS;
+	} while (ppEngineClientCommands[++i]);
+
+	// array of cvars and the flags we want to add to them
+	const std::vector<std::tuple<const char*, uint32_t>> CVAR_FIXUP_ADD_FLAGS = {
+		// system commands (i.e. necessary for proper functionality)
+		// servers need to be able to disconnect
+		{"disconnect", FCVAR_SERVER_CAN_EXECUTE},
+
+		// cheat commands
+		{"give", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"give_server", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"givecurrentammo", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"takecurrentammo", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+
+		{"switchclass", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"set", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"_setClassVarServer", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+
+		{"ent_create", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"ent_throw", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"ent_setname", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"ent_teleport", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"ent_remove", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"ent_remove_all", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"ent_fire", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+
+		{"particle_create", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"particle_recreate", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"particle_kill", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+
+		{"test_setteam", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"melee_lunge_ent", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+
+		// fcvars that should be cheats
+		{"net_ignoreAllSnapshots", FCVAR_CHEAT},
+		{"highlight_draw", FCVAR_CHEAT},
+		// these should potentially be replicated rather than cheat, like sv_footsteps is
+		// however they're defined on client, so can't make replicated atm sadly
+		{"cl_footstep_event_max_dist", FCVAR_CHEAT},
+		{"cl_footstep_event_max_dist_titan", FCVAR_CHEAT},
+	};
+
+	// array of cvars and the flags we want to remove from them
+	const std::vector<std::tuple<const char*, uint32_t>> CVAR_FIXUP_REMOVE_FLAGS = {
+		// unsure how this command works, not even sure it's used on retail servers, deffo shouldn't be used on northstar
+		{"migrateme", FCVAR_SERVER_CAN_EXECUTE | FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"recheck", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS}, // we don't need this on northstar servers, it's for communities
+
+		// unsure how these work exactly (rpt system likely somewhat stripped?), removing anyway since they won't be used
+		{"rpt_client_enable", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+		{"rpt_password", FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS},
+
+		// these are devonly by default but should be modifyable
+		// NOTE: not all of these may actually do anything or work properly in practice
+		// network settings
+		{"cl_updaterate_mp", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"cl_updaterate_sp", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"clock_bias_sp", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"clock_bias_mp", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"cl_interpolate", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY}, // super duper ultra fucks anims if changed
+		{"cl_interpolateSoAllAnimsLoop", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"cl_cmdrate", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"cl_cmdbackup", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"rate", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"net_minroutable", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"net_maxroutable", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"net_lerpFields", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"net_ignoreAllSnapshots", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"net_chokeloop", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_unlag", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_maxunlag", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_lagpushticks", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_instancebaselines", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_voiceEcho", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"net_compresspackets", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"net_compresspackets_minsize", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"net_verifyEncryption", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY}, // unsure if functional in retail
+
+		// gameplay settings
+		{"vel_samples", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"vel_sampleFrequency", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_friction", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_stopspeed", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_airaccelerate", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_forceGrapplesToFail", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_maxvelocity", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_footsteps", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		// these 2 are flagged as CHEAT above, could be made REPLICATED later potentially
+		{"cl_footstep_event_max_dist", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"cl_footstep_event_max_dist_titan", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_balanceTeams", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"rodeo_enable", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_forceRodeoToFail", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"player_find_rodeo_target_per_cmd", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY}, // todo test before merge
+		{"hud_takesshots", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY}, // very likely does not work but would be cool if it did
+
+		{"cam_collision", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"cam_idealdelta", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"cam_ideallag", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+
+		// graphics/visual settings
+		{"mat_colorcorrection", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"r_hbaoRadius", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"r_hbaoDepthMax", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"r_hbaoBlurSharpness", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"r_hbaoIntensity", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"r_hbaoBias", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"r_hbaoDistanceLerp", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"r_hbaoBlurRadius", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"r_hbaoExponent", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"r_hbaoDepthFadePctDefault", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"r_drawscreenspaceparticles", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"ui_loadingscreen_fadeout_time", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"ui_loadingscreen_fadein_time", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"ui_loadingscreen_transition_time", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"ui_loadingscreen_mintransition_time", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		// these 2 could be FCVAR_CHEAT, i guess?
+		{"cl_draw_player_model", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"cl_always_draw_3p_player", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"idcolor_neutral", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"idcolor_ally", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"idcolor_ally_cb1", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"idcolor_ally_cb2", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"idcolor_ally_cb3", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"idcolor_enemy", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"idcolor_enemy_cb1", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"idcolor_enemy_cb2", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"idcolor_enemy_cb3", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"playerListPartyColorR", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"playerListPartyColorG", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"playerListPartyColorB", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"playerListUseFriendColor", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"fx_impact_neutral", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"fx_impact_ally", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"fx_impact_enemy", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"hitch_alert_color", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"particles_cull_all", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"particles_cull_dlights", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"map_settings_override", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"highlight_draw", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+
+		// sys/engine settings
+		{"sleep_when_meeting_framerate", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sleep_when_meeting_framerate_headroom_ms", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"not_focus_sleep", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sp_not_focus_pause", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"joy_requireFocus", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+
+		{"host_thread_mode", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"phys_enable_simd_optimizations", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"phys_enable_experimental_optimizations", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+
+		{"community_frame_run", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_single_core_dedi", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"sv_stressbots", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+
+		{"fatal_script_errors", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"fatal_script_errors_client", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"fatal_script_errors_server", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"script_error_on_midgame_load", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY}, // idk what this is
+
+		{"ai_ainRebuildOnMapStart", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+
+		{"save_enable", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+
+		// cheat commands
+		{"switchclass", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"set", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"_setClassVarServer", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+
+		// reparse commands
+		{"aisettings_reparse", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"aisettings_reparse_client", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"damagedefs_reparse", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"damagedefs_reparse_client", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"playerSettings_reparse", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+		{"_playerSettings_reparse_Server", FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY},
+
+	};
+
+	const std::vector<std::tuple<const char*, const char*>> CVAR_FIXUP_DEFAULT_VALUES = {
+		{"sv_stressbots", "0"}, // not currently used but this is probably a bad default if we get bots working
+		{"cl_pred_optimize", "0"} // fixes issues with animation prediction in thirdperson
+	};
+
+	for (auto& fixup : CVAR_FIXUP_ADD_FLAGS)
+	{
+		ConCommandBase* command = g_pCVar->FindCommandBase(std::get<0>(fixup));
+		if (command)
+			command->m_nFlags |= std::get<1>(fixup);
+	}
+
+	for (auto& fixup : CVAR_FIXUP_REMOVE_FLAGS)
+	{
+		ConCommandBase* command = g_pCVar->FindCommandBase(std::get<0>(fixup));
+		if (command)
+			command->m_nFlags &= ~std::get<1>(fixup);
+	}
+
+	for (auto& fixup : CVAR_FIXUP_DEFAULT_VALUES)
+	{
+		ConVar* cvar = g_pCVar->FindVar(std::get<0>(fixup));
+		if (cvar && !strcmp(cvar->GetString(), cvar->m_pszDefaultValue))
+		{
+			cvar->SetValue(std::get<1>(fixup));
+			cvar->m_pszDefaultValue = std::get<1>(fixup);
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/primedev/shared/misccommands.h b/primedev/shared/misccommands.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..07a07fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/misccommands.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+void AddMiscConCommands();
+void FixupCvarFlags();
diff --git a/primedev/shared/playlist.cpp b/primedev/shared/playlist.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b9ad979
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/playlist.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#include "playlist.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+#include "engine/hoststate.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "server/serverpresence.h"
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+// use the R2 namespace for game funcs
+namespace R2
+{
+	DEFINED_VAR_AT(engine.dll + 0x18C640, GetCurrentPlaylistName);
+	DEFINED_VAR_AT(engine.dll + 0x18EB20, SetCurrentPlaylist);
+	DEFINED_VAR_AT(engine.dll + 0x18ED00, SetPlaylistVarOverride);
+	DEFINED_VAR_AT(engine.dll + 0x18C680, GetCurrentPlaylistVar);
+} // namespace R2
+
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_use_clc_SetPlaylistVarOverride;
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(clc_SetPlaylistVarOverride__Process, engine.dll + 0x222180,
+char, __fastcall, (void* a1, void* a2))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	// the private_match playlist on mp_lobby is the only situation where there should be any legitimate sending of this netmessage
+	if (!Cvar_ns_use_clc_SetPlaylistVarOverride->GetBool() || strcmp(R2::GetCurrentPlaylistName(), "private_match") ||
+		strcmp(g_pGlobals->m_pMapName, "mp_lobby"))
+		return 1;
+
+	return clc_SetPlaylistVarOverride__Process(a1, a2);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(SetCurrentPlaylist, engine.dll + 0x18EB20,
+bool, __fastcall, (const char* pPlaylistName))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	bool bSuccess = SetCurrentPlaylist(pPlaylistName);
+
+	if (bSuccess)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Set playlist to {}", R2::GetCurrentPlaylistName());
+		g_pServerPresence->SetPlaylist(R2::GetCurrentPlaylistName());
+	}
+
+	return bSuccess;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(SetPlaylistVarOverride, engine.dll + 0x18ED00,
+void, __fastcall, (const char* pVarName, const char* pValue))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (strlen(pValue) >= 64)
+		return;
+
+	SetPlaylistVarOverride(pVarName, pValue);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(GetCurrentPlaylistVar, engine.dll + 0x18C680,
+const char*, __fastcall, (const char* pVarName, bool bUseOverrides))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	if (!bUseOverrides && !strcmp(pVarName, "max_players"))
+		bUseOverrides = true;
+
+	return GetCurrentPlaylistVar(pVarName, bUseOverrides);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(GetCurrentGamemodeMaxPlayers, engine.dll + 0x18C430,
+int, __fastcall, ())
+// clang-format on
+{
+	const char* pMaxPlayers = R2::GetCurrentPlaylistVar("max_players", 0);
+	if (!pMaxPlayers)
+		return GetCurrentGamemodeMaxPlayers();
+
+	int iMaxPlayers = atoi(pMaxPlayers);
+	return iMaxPlayers;
+}
+
+void ConCommand_playlist(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	if (args.ArgC() < 2)
+		return;
+
+	R2::SetCurrentPlaylist(args.Arg(1));
+}
+
+void ConCommand_setplaylistvaroverride(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	if (args.ArgC() < 3)
+		return;
+
+	for (int i = 1; i < args.ArgC(); i += 2)
+		R2::SetPlaylistVarOverride(args.Arg(i), args.Arg(i + 1));
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("engine.dll", PlaylistHooks, (ConCommand, ConVar), (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	// playlist is the name of the command on respawn servers, but we already use setplaylist so can't get rid of it
+	RegisterConCommand("playlist", ConCommand_playlist, "Sets the current playlist", FCVAR_NONE);
+	RegisterConCommand("setplaylist", ConCommand_playlist, "Sets the current playlist", FCVAR_NONE);
+	RegisterConCommand("setplaylistvaroverrides", ConCommand_setplaylistvaroverride, "sets a playlist var override", FCVAR_NONE);
+
+	// note: clc_SetPlaylistVarOverride is pretty insecure, since it allows for entirely arbitrary playlist var overrides to be sent to the
+	// server, this is somewhat restricted on custom servers to prevent it being done outside of private matches, but ideally it should be
+	// disabled altogether, since the custom menus won't use it anyway this should only really be accepted if you want vanilla client
+	// compatibility
+	Cvar_ns_use_clc_SetPlaylistVarOverride = new ConVar(
+		"ns_use_clc_SetPlaylistVarOverride", "0", FCVAR_GAMEDLL, "Whether the server should accept clc_SetPlaylistVarOverride messages");
+
+	// patch to prevent clc_SetPlaylistVarOverride from being able to crash servers if we reach max overrides due to a call to Error (why is
+	// this possible respawn, wtf) todo: add a warning for this
+	module.Offset(0x18ED8D).Patch("C3");
+
+	// patch to allow setplaylistvaroverride to be called before map init on dedicated and private match launched through the game
+	module.Offset(0x18ED17).NOP(6);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/shared/playlist.h b/primedev/shared/playlist.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e56fdf96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/shared/playlist.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// use the R2 namespace for game funcs
+namespace R2
+{
+	inline const char* (*GetCurrentPlaylistName)();
+	inline void (*SetCurrentPlaylist)(const char* pPlaylistName);
+	inline void (*SetPlaylistVarOverride)(const char* pVarName, const char* pValue);
+	inline const char* (*GetCurrentPlaylistVar)(const char* pVarName, bool bUseOverrides);
+} // namespace R2
diff --git a/primedev/squirrel/squirrel.cpp b/primedev/squirrel/squirrel.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ac9a2ce9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/squirrel/squirrel.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,943 @@
+#include "squirrel.h"
+#include "mods/modsavefiles.h"
+#include "logging/logging.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "plugins/plugin_abi.h"
+#include "plugins/plugins.h"
+#include "ns_version.h"
+#include "core/vanilla.h"
+
+#include <any>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+std::shared_ptr<ColoredLogger> getSquirrelLoggerByContext(ScriptContext context)
+{
+	switch (context)
+	{
+	case ScriptContext::UI:
+		return NS::log::SCRIPT_UI;
+	case ScriptContext::CLIENT:
+		return NS::log::SCRIPT_CL;
+	case ScriptContext::SERVER:
+		return NS::log::SCRIPT_SV;
+	default:
+		throw std::runtime_error("getSquirrelLoggerByContext called with invalid context");
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+}
+
+namespace NS::log
+{
+	template <ScriptContext context> std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> squirrel_logger()
+	{
+		// Switch statements can't be constexpr afaik
+		// clang-format off
+		if constexpr (context == ScriptContext::UI) { return SCRIPT_UI; }
+		if constexpr (context == ScriptContext::CLIENT) { return SCRIPT_CL; }
+		if constexpr (context == ScriptContext::SERVER) { return SCRIPT_SV; }
+		// clang-format on
+	}
+}; // namespace NS::log
+
+const char* GetContextName(ScriptContext context)
+{
+	switch (context)
+	{
+	case ScriptContext::CLIENT:
+		return "CLIENT";
+	case ScriptContext::SERVER:
+		return "SERVER";
+	case ScriptContext::UI:
+		return "UI";
+	default:
+		return "UNKNOWN";
+	}
+}
+
+const char* GetContextName_Short(ScriptContext context)
+{
+	switch (context)
+	{
+	case ScriptContext::CLIENT:
+		return "CL";
+	case ScriptContext::SERVER:
+		return "SV";
+	case ScriptContext::UI:
+		return "UI";
+	default:
+		return "??";
+	}
+}
+
+eSQReturnType SQReturnTypeFromString(const char* pReturnType)
+{
+	static const std::map<std::string, eSQReturnType> sqReturnTypeNameToString = {
+		{"bool", eSQReturnType::Boolean},
+		{"float", eSQReturnType::Float},
+		{"vector", eSQReturnType::Vector},
+		{"int", eSQReturnType::Integer},
+		{"entity", eSQReturnType::Entity},
+		{"string", eSQReturnType::String},
+		{"array", eSQReturnType::Arrays},
+		{"asset", eSQReturnType::Asset},
+		{"table", eSQReturnType::Table}};
+
+	if (sqReturnTypeNameToString.find(pReturnType) != sqReturnTypeNameToString.end())
+		return sqReturnTypeNameToString.at(pReturnType);
+	else
+		return eSQReturnType::Default; // previous default value
+}
+
+ScriptContext ScriptContextFromString(std::string string)
+{
+	if (string == "UI")
+		return ScriptContext::UI;
+	if (string == "CLIENT")
+		return ScriptContext::CLIENT;
+	if (string == "SERVER")
+		return ScriptContext::SERVER;
+	else
+		return ScriptContext::INVALID;
+}
+
+const char* SQTypeNameFromID(int type)
+{
+	switch (type)
+	{
+	case OT_ASSET:
+		return "asset";
+	case OT_INTEGER:
+		return "int";
+	case OT_BOOL:
+		return "bool";
+	case SQOBJECT_NUMERIC:
+		return "float or int";
+	case OT_NULL:
+		return "null";
+	case OT_VECTOR:
+		return "vector";
+	case 0:
+		return "var";
+	case OT_USERDATA:
+		return "userdata";
+	case OT_FLOAT:
+		return "float";
+	case OT_STRING:
+		return "string";
+	case OT_ARRAY:
+		return "array";
+	case 0x8000200:
+		return "function";
+	case 0x8100000:
+		return "structdef";
+	case OT_THREAD:
+		return "thread";
+	case OT_FUNCPROTO:
+		return "function";
+	case OT_CLAAS:
+		return "class";
+	case OT_WEAKREF:
+		return "weakref";
+	case 0x8080000:
+		return "unimplemented function";
+	case 0x8200000:
+		return "struct instance";
+	case OT_TABLE:
+		return "table";
+	case 0xA008000:
+		return "instance";
+	case OT_ENTITY:
+		return "entity";
+	}
+	return "";
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void SquirrelManager<context>::GenerateSquirrelFunctionsStruct(SquirrelFunctions* s)
+{
+	s->RegisterSquirrelFunc = RegisterSquirrelFunc;
+	s->__sq_defconst = __sq_defconst;
+
+	s->__sq_compilebuffer = __sq_compilebuffer;
+	s->__sq_call = __sq_call;
+	s->__sq_raiseerror = __sq_raiseerror;
+	s->__sq_compilefile = __sq_compilefile;
+
+	s->__sq_newarray = __sq_newarray;
+	s->__sq_arrayappend = __sq_arrayappend;
+
+	s->__sq_newtable = __sq_newtable;
+	s->__sq_newslot = __sq_newslot;
+
+	s->__sq_pushroottable = __sq_pushroottable;
+	s->__sq_pushstring = __sq_pushstring;
+	s->__sq_pushinteger = __sq_pushinteger;
+	s->__sq_pushfloat = __sq_pushfloat;
+	s->__sq_pushbool = __sq_pushbool;
+	s->__sq_pushasset = __sq_pushasset;
+	s->__sq_pushvector = __sq_pushvector;
+	s->__sq_pushobject = __sq_pushobject;
+
+	s->__sq_getstring = __sq_getstring;
+	s->__sq_getinteger = __sq_getinteger;
+	s->__sq_getfloat = __sq_getfloat;
+	s->__sq_getbool = __sq_getbool;
+	s->__sq_get = __sq_get;
+	s->__sq_getasset = __sq_getasset;
+	s->__sq_getuserdata = __sq_getuserdata;
+	s->__sq_getvector = __sq_getvector;
+	s->__sq_getthisentity = __sq_getthisentity;
+	s->__sq_getobject = __sq_getobject;
+
+	s->__sq_stackinfos = __sq_stackinfos;
+
+	s->__sq_createuserdata = __sq_createuserdata;
+	s->__sq_setuserdatatypeid = __sq_setuserdatatypeid;
+	s->__sq_getfunction = __sq_getfunction;
+
+	s->__sq_schedule_call_external = AsyncCall_External;
+
+	s->__sq_getentityfrominstance = __sq_getentityfrominstance;
+	s->__sq_GetEntityConstant_CBaseEntity = __sq_GetEntityConstant_CBaseEntity;
+
+	s->__sq_pushnewstructinstance = __sq_pushnewstructinstance;
+	s->__sq_sealstructslot = __sq_sealstructslot;
+}
+
+// Allows for generating squirrelmessages from plugins.
+void AsyncCall_External(ScriptContext context, const char* func_name, SquirrelMessage_External_Pop function, void* userdata)
+{
+	SquirrelMessage message {};
+	message.functionName = func_name;
+	message.isExternal = true;
+	message.externalFunc = function;
+	message.userdata = userdata;
+	switch (context)
+	{
+	case ScriptContext::CLIENT:
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->messageBuffer->push(message);
+		break;
+	case ScriptContext::SERVER:
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->messageBuffer->push(message);
+		break;
+	case ScriptContext::UI:
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->messageBuffer->push(message);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+// needed to define implementations for squirrelmanager outside of squirrel.h without compiler errors
+template class SquirrelManager<ScriptContext::SERVER>;
+template class SquirrelManager<ScriptContext::CLIENT>;
+template class SquirrelManager<ScriptContext::UI>;
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void SquirrelManager<context>::VMCreated(CSquirrelVM* newSqvm)
+{
+	m_pSQVM = newSqvm;
+
+	for (SQFuncRegistration* funcReg : m_funcRegistrations)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Registering {} function {}", GetContextName(context), funcReg->squirrelFuncName);
+		RegisterSquirrelFunc(m_pSQVM, funcReg, 1);
+	}
+
+	for (auto& pair : g_pModManager->m_DependencyConstants)
+	{
+		bool bWasFound = false;
+
+		for (Mod& dependency : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+		{
+			if (!dependency.m_bEnabled)
+				continue;
+
+			if (dependency.Name == pair.second)
+			{
+				bWasFound = true;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		defconst(m_pSQVM, pair.first.c_str(), bWasFound);
+	}
+
+	auto loadedPlugins = &g_pPluginManager->m_vLoadedPlugins;
+	for (const auto& pluginName : g_pModManager->m_PluginDependencyConstants)
+	{
+		auto f = [&](Plugin plugin) -> bool { return plugin.dependencyName == pluginName; };
+		defconst(m_pSQVM, pluginName.c_str(), std::find_if(loadedPlugins->begin(), loadedPlugins->end(), f) != loadedPlugins->end());
+	}
+
+	defconst(m_pSQVM, "MAX_FOLDER_SIZE", GetMaxSaveFolderSize() / 1024);
+
+	// define squirrel constants for northstar(.dll) version
+	constexpr int version[4] {NORTHSTAR_VERSION};
+	defconst(m_pSQVM, "NS_VERSION_MAJOR", version[0]);
+	defconst(m_pSQVM, "NS_VERSION_MINOR", version[1]);
+	defconst(m_pSQVM, "NS_VERSION_PATCH", version[2]);
+	defconst(m_pSQVM, "NS_VERSION_DEV", version[3]);
+
+	// define squirrel constant for if we are in vanilla-compatibility mode
+	defconst(m_pSQVM, "VANILLA", g_pVanillaCompatibility->GetVanillaCompatibility());
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->messageBuffer = new SquirrelMessageBuffer();
+	g_pPluginManager->InformSQVMCreated(context, newSqvm);
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void SquirrelManager<context>::VMDestroyed()
+{
+	// Call all registered mod Destroy callbacks.
+	if (g_pModManager)
+	{
+		NS::log::squirrel_logger<context>()->info("Calling Destroy callbacks for all loaded mods.");
+
+		for (const Mod& loadedMod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+		{
+			for (const ModScript& script : loadedMod.Scripts)
+			{
+				for (const ModScriptCallback& callback : script.Callbacks)
+				{
+					if (callback.Context != context || callback.DestroyCallback.length() == 0)
+					{
+						continue;
+					}
+
+					Call(callback.DestroyCallback.c_str());
+					NS::log::squirrel_logger<context>()->info("Executed Destroy callback {}.", callback.DestroyCallback);
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	g_pPluginManager->InformSQVMDestroyed(context);
+
+	// Discard the previous vm and delete the message buffer.
+	m_pSQVM = nullptr;
+
+	delete g_pSquirrel<context>->messageBuffer;
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->messageBuffer = nullptr;
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void SquirrelManager<context>::ExecuteCode(const char* pCode)
+{
+	if (!m_pSQVM || !m_pSQVM->sqvm)
+	{
+		spdlog::error("Cannot execute code, {} squirrel vm is not initialised", GetContextName(context));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	spdlog::info("Executing {} script code {} ", GetContextName(context), pCode);
+
+	std::string strCode(pCode);
+	CompileBufferState bufferState = CompileBufferState(strCode);
+
+	SQRESULT compileResult = compilebuffer(&bufferState, "console");
+	spdlog::info("sq_compilebuffer returned {}", PrintSQRESULT.at(compileResult));
+
+	if (compileResult != SQRESULT_ERROR)
+	{
+		pushroottable(m_pSQVM->sqvm);
+		SQRESULT callResult = _call(m_pSQVM->sqvm, 0);
+		spdlog::info("sq_call returned {}", PrintSQRESULT.at(callResult));
+	}
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void SquirrelManager<context>::AddFuncRegistration(
+	std::string returnType, std::string name, std::string argTypes, std::string helpText, SQFunction func)
+{
+	SQFuncRegistration* reg = new SQFuncRegistration;
+
+	reg->squirrelFuncName = new char[name.size() + 1];
+	strcpy((char*)reg->squirrelFuncName, name.c_str());
+	reg->cppFuncName = reg->squirrelFuncName;
+
+	reg->helpText = new char[helpText.size() + 1];
+	strcpy((char*)reg->helpText, helpText.c_str());
+
+	reg->returnTypeString = new char[returnType.size() + 1];
+	strcpy((char*)reg->returnTypeString, returnType.c_str());
+	reg->returnType = SQReturnTypeFromString(returnType.c_str());
+
+	reg->argTypes = new char[argTypes.size() + 1];
+	strcpy((char*)reg->argTypes, argTypes.c_str());
+
+	reg->funcPtr = func;
+
+	m_funcRegistrations.push_back(reg);
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> SQRESULT SquirrelManager<context>::setupfunc(const SQChar* funcname)
+{
+	pushroottable(m_pSQVM->sqvm);
+	pushstring(m_pSQVM->sqvm, funcname, -1);
+
+	SQRESULT result = get(m_pSQVM->sqvm, -2);
+	if (result != SQRESULT_ERROR)
+		pushroottable(m_pSQVM->sqvm);
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void SquirrelManager<context>::AddFuncOverride(std::string name, SQFunction func)
+{
+	m_funcOverrides[name] = func;
+}
+
+// hooks
+bool IsUIVM(ScriptContext context, HSquirrelVM* pSqvm)
+{
+	return ScriptContext(pSqvm->sharedState->cSquirrelVM->vmContext) == ScriptContext::UI;
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void* (*sq_compiler_create)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, void* a2, void* a3, SQBool bShouldThrowError);
+template <ScriptContext context> void* __fastcall sq_compiler_createHook(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, void* a2, void* a3, SQBool bShouldThrowError)
+{
+	// store whether errors generated from this compile should be fatal
+	if (IsUIVM(context, sqvm))
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->m_bFatalCompilationErrors = bShouldThrowError;
+	else
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->m_bFatalCompilationErrors = bShouldThrowError;
+
+	return sq_compiler_create<context>(sqvm, a2, a3, bShouldThrowError);
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> SQInteger (*SQPrint)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const char* fmt);
+template <ScriptContext context> SQInteger SQPrintHook(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list va;
+	va_start(va, fmt);
+
+	SQChar buf[1024];
+	int charsWritten = vsnprintf_s(buf, _TRUNCATE, fmt, va);
+
+	if (charsWritten > 0)
+	{
+		if (buf[charsWritten - 1] == '\n')
+			buf[charsWritten - 1] = '\0';
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->logger->info("{}", buf);
+	}
+
+	va_end(va);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> CSquirrelVM* (*CreateNewVM)(void* a1, ScriptContext realContext);
+template <ScriptContext context> CSquirrelVM* __fastcall CreateNewVMHook(void* a1, ScriptContext realContext)
+{
+	CSquirrelVM* sqvm = CreateNewVM<context>(a1, realContext);
+	if (realContext == ScriptContext::UI)
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->VMCreated(sqvm);
+	else
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->VMCreated(sqvm);
+
+	spdlog::info("CreateNewVM {} {}", GetContextName(realContext), (void*)sqvm);
+	return sqvm;
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> bool (*CSquirrelVM_init)(CSquirrelVM* vm, ScriptContext realContext, float time);
+template <ScriptContext context> bool __fastcall CSquirrelVM_initHook(CSquirrelVM* vm, ScriptContext realContext, float time)
+{
+	bool ret = CSquirrelVM_init<context>(vm, realContext, time);
+	for (Mod mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+	{
+		if (mod.m_bEnabled && mod.initScript.size() != 0)
+		{
+			std::string name = mod.initScript.substr(mod.initScript.find_last_of('/') + 1);
+			std::string path = std::string("scripts/vscripts/") + mod.initScript;
+			if (g_pSquirrel<context>->compilefile(vm, path.c_str(), name.c_str(), 0))
+				g_pSquirrel<context>->compilefile(vm, path.c_str(), name.c_str(), 1);
+		}
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void (*DestroyVM)(void* a1, CSquirrelVM* sqvm);
+template <ScriptContext context> void __fastcall DestroyVMHook(void* a1, CSquirrelVM* sqvm)
+{
+	ScriptContext realContext = context; // ui and client use the same function so we use this for prints
+	if (IsUIVM(context, sqvm->sqvm))
+	{
+		realContext = ScriptContext::UI;
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->VMDestroyed();
+		DestroyVM<ScriptContext::CLIENT>(a1, sqvm); // If we pass UI here it crashes
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->VMDestroyed();
+		DestroyVM<context>(a1, sqvm);
+	}
+
+	spdlog::info("DestroyVM {} {}", GetContextName(realContext), (void*)sqvm);
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void (*SQCompileError)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const char* error, const char* file, int line, int column);
+template <ScriptContext context>
+void __fastcall ScriptCompileErrorHook(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const char* error, const char* file, int line, int column)
+{
+	bool bIsFatalError = g_pSquirrel<context>->m_bFatalCompilationErrors;
+	ScriptContext realContext = context; // ui and client use the same function so we use this for prints
+	if (IsUIVM(context, sqvm))
+	{
+		realContext = ScriptContext::UI;
+		bIsFatalError = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->m_bFatalCompilationErrors;
+	}
+
+	auto logger = getSquirrelLoggerByContext(realContext);
+
+	logger->error("COMPILE ERROR {}", error);
+	logger->error("{} line [{}] column [{}]", file, line, column);
+
+	// use disconnect to display an error message for the compile error, but only if the compilation error was fatal
+	// todo, we could get this from sqvm itself probably, rather than hooking sq_compiler_create
+	if (bIsFatalError)
+	{
+		// kill dedicated server if we hit this
+		if (IsDedicatedServer())
+		{
+			logger->error("Exiting dedicated server, compile error is fatal");
+			// flush the logger before we exit so debug things get saved to log file
+			logger->flush();
+			exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			Cbuf_AddText(
+				Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer(),
+				fmt::format("disconnect \"Encountered {} script compilation error, see console for details.\"", GetContextName(realContext))
+					.c_str(),
+				cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode);
+
+			// likely temp: show console so user can see any errors, as error message wont display if ui is dead
+			// maybe we could disable all mods other than the coremods and try a reload before doing this?
+			// could also maybe do some vgui bullshit to show something visually rather than console
+			if (realContext == ScriptContext::UI)
+				Cbuf_AddText(Cbuf_GetCurrentPlayer(), "showconsole", cmd_source_t::kCommandSrcCode);
+		}
+	}
+
+	// dont call the original function since it kills game lol
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> int64_t (*RegisterSquirrelFunction)(CSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQFuncRegistration* funcReg, char unknown);
+template <ScriptContext context>
+int64_t __fastcall RegisterSquirrelFunctionHook(CSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQFuncRegistration* funcReg, char unknown)
+{
+	if (IsUIVM(context, sqvm->sqvm))
+	{
+		if (g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->m_funcOverrides.count(funcReg->squirrelFuncName))
+		{
+			g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->m_funcOriginals[funcReg->squirrelFuncName] = funcReg->funcPtr;
+			funcReg->funcPtr = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->m_funcOverrides[funcReg->squirrelFuncName];
+			spdlog::info("Replacing {} in UI", std::string(funcReg->squirrelFuncName));
+		}
+
+		return g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->RegisterSquirrelFunc(sqvm, funcReg, unknown);
+	}
+
+	if (g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOverrides.find(funcReg->squirrelFuncName) != g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOverrides.end())
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOriginals[funcReg->squirrelFuncName] = funcReg->funcPtr;
+		funcReg->funcPtr = g_pSquirrel<context>->m_funcOverrides[funcReg->squirrelFuncName];
+		spdlog::info("Replacing {} in Client", std::string(funcReg->squirrelFuncName));
+	}
+
+	return g_pSquirrel<context>->RegisterSquirrelFunc(sqvm, funcReg, unknown);
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> bool (*CallScriptInitCallback)(void* sqvm, const char* callback);
+template <ScriptContext context> bool __fastcall CallScriptInitCallbackHook(void* sqvm, const char* callback)
+{
+	ScriptContext realContext = context;
+	bool bShouldCallCustomCallbacks = true;
+
+	if (context == ScriptContext::CLIENT)
+	{
+		if (!strcmp(callback, "UICodeCallback_UIInit"))
+			realContext = ScriptContext::UI;
+		else if (strcmp(callback, "ClientCodeCallback_MapSpawn"))
+			bShouldCallCustomCallbacks = false;
+	}
+	else if (context == ScriptContext::SERVER)
+		bShouldCallCustomCallbacks = !strcmp(callback, "CodeCallback_MapSpawn");
+
+	if (bShouldCallCustomCallbacks)
+	{
+		for (Mod mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+		{
+			if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+				continue;
+
+			for (ModScript script : mod.Scripts)
+			{
+				for (ModScriptCallback modCallback : script.Callbacks)
+				{
+					if (modCallback.Context == realContext && modCallback.BeforeCallback.length())
+					{
+						spdlog::info("Running custom {} script callback \"{}\"", GetContextName(realContext), modCallback.BeforeCallback);
+						CallScriptInitCallback<context>(sqvm, modCallback.BeforeCallback.c_str());
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	spdlog::info("{} CodeCallback {} called", GetContextName(realContext), callback);
+	if (!bShouldCallCustomCallbacks)
+		spdlog::info("Not executing custom callbacks for CodeCallback {}", callback);
+	bool ret = CallScriptInitCallback<context>(sqvm, callback);
+
+	// run after callbacks
+	if (bShouldCallCustomCallbacks)
+	{
+		for (Mod mod : g_pModManager->m_LoadedMods)
+		{
+			if (!mod.m_bEnabled)
+				continue;
+
+			for (ModScript script : mod.Scripts)
+			{
+				for (ModScriptCallback modCallback : script.Callbacks)
+				{
+					if (modCallback.Context == realContext && modCallback.AfterCallback.length())
+					{
+						spdlog::info("Running custom {} script callback \"{}\"", GetContextName(realContext), modCallback.AfterCallback);
+						CallScriptInitCallback<context>(sqvm, modCallback.AfterCallback.c_str());
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void ConCommand_script(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->ExecuteCode(args.ArgS());
+}
+
+// literal class type that wraps a constant expression string
+template <size_t N> struct TemplateStringLiteral
+{
+	constexpr TemplateStringLiteral(const char (&str)[N])
+	{
+		std::copy_n(str, N, value);
+	}
+
+	char value[N];
+};
+
+template <ScriptContext context, TemplateStringLiteral funcName> SQRESULT SQ_StubbedFunc(HSquirrelVM* sqvm)
+{
+	spdlog::info("Blocking call to stubbed function {} in {}", funcName.value, GetContextName(context));
+	return SQRESULT_NULL;
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void StubUnsafeSQFuncs()
+{
+	if (!CommandLine()->CheckParm("-allowunsafesqfuncs"))
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->AddFuncOverride("DevTextBufferWrite", SQ_StubbedFunc<context, "DevTextBufferWrite">);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->AddFuncOverride("DevTextBufferClear", SQ_StubbedFunc<context, "DevTextBufferClear">);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->AddFuncOverride("DevTextBufferDumpToFile", SQ_StubbedFunc<context, "DevTextBufferDumpToFile">);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->AddFuncOverride("Dev_CommandLineAddParam", SQ_StubbedFunc<context, "Dev_CommandLineAddParam">);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->AddFuncOverride("DevP4Checkout", SQ_StubbedFunc<context, "DevP4Checkout">);
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->AddFuncOverride("DevP4Add", SQ_StubbedFunc<context, "DevP4Add">);
+	}
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context> void SquirrelManager<context>::ProcessMessageBuffer()
+{
+	while (std::optional<SquirrelMessage> maybeMessage = messageBuffer->pop())
+	{
+		SquirrelMessage message = maybeMessage.value();
+
+		SQObject functionobj {};
+		int result = sq_getfunction(m_pSQVM->sqvm, message.functionName.c_str(), &functionobj, 0);
+		if (result != 0) // This func returns 0 on success for some reason
+		{
+			NS::log::squirrel_logger<context>()->error(
+				"ProcessMessageBuffer was unable to find function with name '{}'. Is it global?", message.functionName);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		pushobject(m_pSQVM->sqvm, &functionobj); // Push the function object
+		pushroottable(m_pSQVM->sqvm);
+
+		int argsAmount = message.args.size();
+
+		if (message.isExternal && message.externalFunc != NULL)
+		{
+			argsAmount = message.externalFunc(m_pSQVM->sqvm, message.userdata);
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			for (auto& v : message.args)
+			{
+				// Execute lambda to push arg to stack
+				v();
+			}
+		}
+
+		_call(m_pSQVM->sqvm, argsAmount);
+	}
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC(
+	"string",
+	NSGetCurrentModName,
+	"",
+	"Returns the mod name of the script running this function",
+	ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	int depth = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+	if (auto mod = g_pSquirrel<context>->getcallingmod(sqvm, depth); mod == nullptr)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->raiseerror(sqvm, "NSGetModName was called from a non-mod script. This shouldn't be possible");
+		return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, mod->Name.c_str());
+	}
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC(
+	"string",
+	NSGetCallingModName,
+	"int depth = 0",
+	"Returns the mod name of the script running this function",
+	ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	int depth = g_pSquirrel<context>->getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+	if (auto mod = g_pSquirrel<context>->getcallingmod(sqvm, depth); mod == nullptr)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, "Unknown");
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, mod->Name.c_str());
+	}
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("client.dll", ClientSquirrel, ConCommand, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(client.dll)
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_defconst = module.Offset(0x12120).RCast<sq_defconstType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_defconst = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_defconst;
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_compilebuffer = module.Offset(0x3110).RCast<sq_compilebufferType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushroottable = module.Offset(0x5860).RCast<sq_pushroottableType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_compilefile = module.Offset(0xF950).RCast<sq_compilefileType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_compilebuffer = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_compilebuffer;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_pushroottable = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushroottable;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_compilefile = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_compilefile;
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_call = module.Offset(0x8650).RCast<sq_callType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_call = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_call;
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_newarray = module.Offset(0x39F0).RCast<sq_newarrayType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_arrayappend = module.Offset(0x3C70).RCast<sq_arrayappendType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_newarray = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_newarray;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_arrayappend = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_arrayappend;
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_newtable = module.Offset(0x3960).RCast<sq_newtableType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_newslot = module.Offset(0x70B0).RCast<sq_newslotType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_newtable = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_newtable;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_newslot = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_newslot;
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushstring = module.Offset(0x3440).RCast<sq_pushstringType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushinteger = module.Offset(0x36A0).RCast<sq_pushintegerType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushfloat = module.Offset(0x3800).RCast<sq_pushfloatType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushbool = module.Offset(0x3710).RCast<sq_pushboolType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushasset = module.Offset(0x3560).RCast<sq_pushassetType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushvector = module.Offset(0x3780).RCast<sq_pushvectorType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushobject = module.Offset(0x83D0).RCast<sq_pushobjectType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_raiseerror = module.Offset(0x8470).RCast<sq_raiseerrorType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_pushstring = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushstring;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_pushinteger = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushinteger;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_pushfloat = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushfloat;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_pushbool = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushbool;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_pushvector = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushvector;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_pushasset = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushasset;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_pushobject = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushobject;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_raiseerror = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_raiseerror;
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getstring = module.Offset(0x60C0).RCast<sq_getstringType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getinteger = module.Offset(0x60E0).RCast<sq_getintegerType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getfloat = module.Offset(0x6100).RCast<sq_getfloatType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getbool = module.Offset(0x6130).RCast<sq_getboolType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_get = module.Offset(0x7C30).RCast<sq_getType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getasset = module.Offset(0x6010).RCast<sq_getassetType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getuserdata = module.Offset(0x63D0).RCast<sq_getuserdataType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getvector = module.Offset(0x6140).RCast<sq_getvectorType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getthisentity = module.Offset(0x12F80).RCast<sq_getthisentityType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getobject = module.Offset(0x6160).RCast<sq_getobjectType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getstring = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getstring;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getinteger = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getinteger;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getfloat = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getfloat;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getbool = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getbool;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_get = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_get;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getasset = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getasset;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getuserdata = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getuserdata;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getvector = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getvector;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getthisentity = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getthisentity;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getobject = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getobject;
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_createuserdata = module.Offset(0x38D0).RCast<sq_createuserdataType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_setuserdatatypeid = module.Offset(0x6490).RCast<sq_setuserdatatypeidType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_createuserdata = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_createuserdata;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_setuserdatatypeid = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_setuserdatatypeid;
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_GetEntityConstant_CBaseEntity = module.Offset(0x3E49B0).RCast<sq_GetEntityConstantType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getentityfrominstance = module.Offset(0x114F0).RCast<sq_getentityfrominstanceType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_GetEntityConstant_CBaseEntity =
+		g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_GetEntityConstant_CBaseEntity;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getentityfrominstance = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getentityfrominstance;
+
+	// Message buffer stuff
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->messageBuffer = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->messageBuffer;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getfunction = module.Offset(0x572FB0).RCast<sq_getfunctionType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getfunction = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getfunction;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_stackinfos = module.Offset(0x35970).RCast<sq_stackinfosType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_stackinfos = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_stackinfos;
+
+	// Structs
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushnewstructinstance = module.Offset(0x5400).RCast<sq_pushnewstructinstanceType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_sealstructslot = module.Offset(0x5530).RCast<sq_sealstructslotType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_pushnewstructinstance = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_pushnewstructinstance;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_sealstructslot = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_sealstructslot;
+
+	MAKEHOOK(
+		module.Offset(0x108E0),
+		&RegisterSquirrelFunctionHook<ScriptContext::CLIENT>,
+		&g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->RegisterSquirrelFunc);
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->RegisterSquirrelFunc = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->RegisterSquirrelFunc;
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->logger = NS::log::SCRIPT_CL;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->logger = NS::log::SCRIPT_UI;
+
+	// uiscript_reset concommand: don't loop forever if compilation fails
+	module.Offset(0x3C6E4C).NOP(6);
+
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x8AD0), &sq_compiler_createHook<ScriptContext::CLIENT>, &sq_compiler_create<ScriptContext::CLIENT>);
+
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x12B00), &SQPrintHook<ScriptContext::CLIENT>, &SQPrint<ScriptContext::CLIENT>);
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x12BA0), &SQPrintHook<ScriptContext::UI>, &SQPrint<ScriptContext::UI>);
+
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x26130), &CreateNewVMHook<ScriptContext::CLIENT>, &CreateNewVM<ScriptContext::CLIENT>);
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x26E70), &DestroyVMHook<ScriptContext::CLIENT>, &DestroyVM<ScriptContext::CLIENT>);
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x79A50), &ScriptCompileErrorHook<ScriptContext::CLIENT>, &SQCompileError<ScriptContext::CLIENT>);
+
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x10190), &CallScriptInitCallbackHook<ScriptContext::CLIENT>, &CallScriptInitCallback<ScriptContext::CLIENT>);
+
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0xE3B0), &CSquirrelVM_initHook<ScriptContext::CLIENT>, &CSquirrelVM_init<ScriptContext::CLIENT>);
+
+	RegisterConCommand("script_client", ConCommand_script<ScriptContext::CLIENT>, "Executes script code on the client vm", FCVAR_CLIENTDLL);
+	RegisterConCommand("script_ui", ConCommand_script<ScriptContext::UI>, "Executes script code on the ui vm", FCVAR_CLIENTDLL);
+
+	StubUnsafeSQFuncs<ScriptContext::CLIENT>();
+	StubUnsafeSQFuncs<ScriptContext::UI>();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getfunction = module.Offset(0x6CB0).RCast<sq_getfunctionType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->__sq_getfunction = g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->__sq_getfunction;
+
+	SquirrelFunctions s = {};
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->GenerateSquirrelFunctionsStruct(&s);
+	g_pPluginManager->InformSQVMLoad(ScriptContext::CLIENT, &s);
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("server.dll", ServerSquirrel, ConCommand, (CModule module))
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH_MODULE(server.dll)
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_defconst = module.Offset(0x1F550).RCast<sq_defconstType>();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_compilebuffer = module.Offset(0x3110).RCast<sq_compilebufferType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_pushroottable = module.Offset(0x5840).RCast<sq_pushroottableType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_call = module.Offset(0x8620).RCast<sq_callType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_compilefile = module.Offset(0x1CD80).RCast<sq_compilefileType>();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_newarray = module.Offset(0x39F0).RCast<sq_newarrayType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_arrayappend = module.Offset(0x3C70).RCast<sq_arrayappendType>();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_newtable = module.Offset(0x3960).RCast<sq_newtableType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_newslot = module.Offset(0x7080).RCast<sq_newslotType>();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_pushstring = module.Offset(0x3440).RCast<sq_pushstringType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_pushinteger = module.Offset(0x36A0).RCast<sq_pushintegerType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_pushfloat = module.Offset(0x3800).RCast<sq_pushfloatType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_pushbool = module.Offset(0x3710).RCast<sq_pushboolType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_pushasset = module.Offset(0x3560).RCast<sq_pushassetType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_pushvector = module.Offset(0x3780).RCast<sq_pushvectorType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_pushobject = module.Offset(0x83A0).RCast<sq_pushobjectType>();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_raiseerror = module.Offset(0x8440).RCast<sq_raiseerrorType>();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_getstring = module.Offset(0x60A0).RCast<sq_getstringType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_getinteger = module.Offset(0x60C0).RCast<sq_getintegerType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_getfloat = module.Offset(0x60E0).RCast<sq_getfloatType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_getbool = module.Offset(0x6110).RCast<sq_getboolType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_getasset = module.Offset(0x5FF0).RCast<sq_getassetType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_getuserdata = module.Offset(0x63B0).RCast<sq_getuserdataType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_getvector = module.Offset(0x6120).RCast<sq_getvectorType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_get = module.Offset(0x7C00).RCast<sq_getType>();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_getthisentity = module.Offset(0x203B0).RCast<sq_getthisentityType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_getobject = module.Offset(0x6140).RCast<sq_getobjectType>();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_createuserdata = module.Offset(0x38D0).RCast<sq_createuserdataType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_setuserdatatypeid = module.Offset(0x6470).RCast<sq_setuserdatatypeidType>();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_GetEntityConstant_CBaseEntity = module.Offset(0x418AF0).RCast<sq_GetEntityConstantType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_getentityfrominstance = module.Offset(0x1E920).RCast<sq_getentityfrominstanceType>();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->logger = NS::log::SCRIPT_SV;
+	// Message buffer stuff
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_getfunction = module.Offset(0x6C85).RCast<sq_getfunctionType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_stackinfos = module.Offset(0x35920).RCast<sq_stackinfosType>();
+
+	// Structs
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_pushnewstructinstance = module.Offset(0x53e0).RCast<sq_pushnewstructinstanceType>();
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->__sq_sealstructslot = module.Offset(0x5510).RCast<sq_sealstructslotType>();
+
+	MAKEHOOK(
+		module.Offset(0x1DD10),
+		&RegisterSquirrelFunctionHook<ScriptContext::SERVER>,
+		&g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->RegisterSquirrelFunc);
+
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x8AA0), &sq_compiler_createHook<ScriptContext::SERVER>, &sq_compiler_create<ScriptContext::SERVER>);
+
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x1FE90), &SQPrintHook<ScriptContext::SERVER>, &SQPrint<ScriptContext::SERVER>);
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x260E0), &CreateNewVMHook<ScriptContext::SERVER>, &CreateNewVM<ScriptContext::SERVER>);
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x26E20), &DestroyVMHook<ScriptContext::SERVER>, &DestroyVM<ScriptContext::SERVER>);
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x799E0), &ScriptCompileErrorHook<ScriptContext::SERVER>, &SQCompileError<ScriptContext::SERVER>);
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x1D5C0), &CallScriptInitCallbackHook<ScriptContext::SERVER>, &CallScriptInitCallback<ScriptContext::SERVER>);
+	MAKEHOOK(module.Offset(0x1B7E0), &CSquirrelVM_initHook<ScriptContext::SERVER>, &CSquirrelVM_init<ScriptContext::SERVER>);
+	// FCVAR_CHEAT and FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS allows clients to execute this, but since it's unsafe we only allow it when cheats
+	// are enabled for script_client and script_ui, we don't use cheats, so clients can execute them on themselves all they want
+	RegisterConCommand(
+		"script",
+		ConCommand_script<ScriptContext::SERVER>,
+		"Executes script code on the server vm",
+		FCVAR_GAMEDLL | FCVAR_GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS | FCVAR_CHEAT);
+
+	StubUnsafeSQFuncs<ScriptContext::SERVER>();
+
+	SquirrelFunctions s = {};
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->GenerateSquirrelFunctionsStruct(&s);
+	g_pPluginManager->InformSQVMLoad(ScriptContext::SERVER, &s);
+}
+
+void InitialiseSquirrelManagers()
+{
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT> = new SquirrelManager<ScriptContext::CLIENT>;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI> = new SquirrelManager<ScriptContext::UI>;
+	g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER> = new SquirrelManager<ScriptContext::SERVER>;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/squirrel/squirrel.h b/primedev/squirrel/squirrel.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a4932044
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/squirrel/squirrel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "squirrelclasstypes.h"
+#include "squirrelautobind.h"
+#include "core/math/vector.h"
+#include "plugins/plugin_abi.h"
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+
+/*
+	definitions from hell
+	required to function
+*/
+
+template <ScriptContext context, typename T> inline void SqRecurseArgs(FunctionVector& v, T& arg);
+
+template <ScriptContext context, typename T, typename... Args> inline void SqRecurseArgs(FunctionVector& v, T& arg, Args... args);
+
+/*
+	sanity below
+*/
+
+// stolen from ttf2sdk: sqvm types
+typedef float SQFloat;
+typedef long SQInteger;
+typedef unsigned long SQUnsignedInteger;
+typedef char SQChar;
+typedef SQUnsignedInteger SQBool;
+
+static constexpr int operator&(ScriptContext first, ScriptContext second)
+{
+	return first == second;
+}
+
+static constexpr int operator&(int first, ScriptContext second)
+{
+	return first & (1 << static_cast<int>(second));
+}
+
+static constexpr int operator|(ScriptContext first, ScriptContext second)
+{
+	return (1 << static_cast<int>(first)) + (1 << static_cast<int>(second));
+}
+
+static constexpr int operator|(int first, ScriptContext second)
+{
+	return first + (1 << static_cast<int>(second));
+}
+
+const char* GetContextName(ScriptContext context);
+const char* GetContextName_Short(ScriptContext context);
+eSQReturnType SQReturnTypeFromString(const char* pReturnType);
+const char* SQTypeNameFromID(const int iTypeId);
+
+void AsyncCall_External(ScriptContext context, const char* func_name, SquirrelMessage_External_Pop function, void* userdata);
+
+ScriptContext ScriptContextFromString(std::string string);
+
+namespace NS::log
+{
+	template <ScriptContext context> std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> squirrel_logger();
+}; // namespace NS::log
+
+// This base class means that only the templated functions have to be rebuilt for each template instance
+// Cuts down on compile time by ~5 seconds
+class SquirrelManagerBase
+{
+protected:
+	std::vector<SQFuncRegistration*> m_funcRegistrations;
+
+public:
+	CSquirrelVM* m_pSQVM;
+	std::map<std::string, SQFunction> m_funcOverrides = {};
+	std::map<std::string, SQFunction> m_funcOriginals = {};
+
+	bool m_bFatalCompilationErrors = false;
+
+	std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> logger;
+
+#pragma region SQVM funcs
+	RegisterSquirrelFuncType RegisterSquirrelFunc;
+	sq_defconstType __sq_defconst;
+
+	sq_compilebufferType __sq_compilebuffer;
+	sq_callType __sq_call;
+	sq_raiseerrorType __sq_raiseerror;
+	sq_compilefileType __sq_compilefile;
+
+	sq_newarrayType __sq_newarray;
+	sq_arrayappendType __sq_arrayappend;
+
+	sq_newtableType __sq_newtable;
+	sq_newslotType __sq_newslot;
+
+	sq_pushroottableType __sq_pushroottable;
+	sq_pushstringType __sq_pushstring;
+	sq_pushintegerType __sq_pushinteger;
+	sq_pushfloatType __sq_pushfloat;
+	sq_pushboolType __sq_pushbool;
+	sq_pushassetType __sq_pushasset;
+	sq_pushvectorType __sq_pushvector;
+	sq_pushobjectType __sq_pushobject;
+
+	sq_getstringType __sq_getstring;
+	sq_getintegerType __sq_getinteger;
+	sq_getfloatType __sq_getfloat;
+	sq_getboolType __sq_getbool;
+	sq_getType __sq_get;
+	sq_getassetType __sq_getasset;
+	sq_getuserdataType __sq_getuserdata;
+	sq_getvectorType __sq_getvector;
+	sq_getthisentityType __sq_getthisentity;
+	sq_getobjectType __sq_getobject;
+
+	sq_stackinfosType __sq_stackinfos;
+
+	sq_createuserdataType __sq_createuserdata;
+	sq_setuserdatatypeidType __sq_setuserdatatypeid;
+	sq_getfunctionType __sq_getfunction;
+
+	sq_getentityfrominstanceType __sq_getentityfrominstance;
+	sq_GetEntityConstantType __sq_GetEntityConstant_CBaseEntity;
+
+	sq_pushnewstructinstanceType __sq_pushnewstructinstance;
+	sq_sealstructslotType __sq_sealstructslot;
+
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region SQVM func wrappers
+	inline void defconst(CSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQChar* pName, int nValue)
+	{
+		__sq_defconst(sqvm, pName, nValue);
+	}
+
+	inline SQRESULT
+	compilebuffer(CompileBufferState* bufferState, const SQChar* bufferName = "unnamedbuffer", const SQBool bShouldThrowError = false)
+	{
+		return __sq_compilebuffer(m_pSQVM->sqvm, bufferState, bufferName, -1, bShouldThrowError);
+	}
+
+	inline SQRESULT _call(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger args)
+	{
+		return __sq_call(sqvm, args + 1, false, false);
+	}
+
+	inline SQInteger raiseerror(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQChar* sError)
+	{
+		return __sq_raiseerror(sqvm, sError);
+	}
+
+	inline bool compilefile(CSquirrelVM* sqvm, const char* path, const char* name, int a4)
+	{
+		return __sq_compilefile(sqvm, path, name, a4);
+	}
+
+	inline void newarray(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger stackpos = 0)
+	{
+		__sq_newarray(sqvm, stackpos);
+	}
+
+	inline SQRESULT arrayappend(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger stackpos)
+	{
+		return __sq_arrayappend(sqvm, stackpos);
+	}
+
+	inline SQRESULT newtable(HSquirrelVM* sqvm)
+	{
+		return __sq_newtable(sqvm);
+	}
+
+	inline SQRESULT newslot(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger idx, SQBool bStatic)
+	{
+		return __sq_newslot(sqvm, idx, bStatic);
+	}
+
+	inline void pushroottable(HSquirrelVM* sqvm)
+	{
+		__sq_pushroottable(sqvm);
+	}
+
+	inline void pushstring(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQChar* sVal, int length = -1)
+	{
+		__sq_pushstring(sqvm, sVal, length);
+	}
+
+	inline void pushinteger(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger iVal)
+	{
+		__sq_pushinteger(sqvm, iVal);
+	}
+
+	inline void pushfloat(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQFloat flVal)
+	{
+		__sq_pushfloat(sqvm, flVal);
+	}
+
+	inline void pushbool(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQBool bVal)
+	{
+		__sq_pushbool(sqvm, bVal);
+	}
+
+	inline void pushasset(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQChar* sVal, int length = -1)
+	{
+		__sq_pushasset(sqvm, sVal, length);
+	}
+
+	inline void pushvector(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const Vector3 pVal)
+	{
+		__sq_pushvector(sqvm, (float*)&pVal);
+	}
+
+	inline void pushobject(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQObject* obj)
+	{
+		__sq_pushobject(sqvm, obj);
+	}
+
+	inline const SQChar* getstring(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger stackpos)
+	{
+		return __sq_getstring(sqvm, stackpos);
+	}
+
+	inline SQInteger getinteger(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger stackpos)
+	{
+		return __sq_getinteger(sqvm, stackpos);
+	}
+
+	inline SQFloat getfloat(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger stackpos)
+	{
+		return __sq_getfloat(sqvm, stackpos);
+	}
+
+	inline SQBool getbool(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger stackpos)
+	{
+		return __sq_getbool(sqvm, stackpos);
+	}
+
+	inline SQRESULT get(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger stackpos)
+	{
+		return __sq_get(sqvm, stackpos);
+	}
+
+	inline Vector3 getvector(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger stackpos)
+	{
+		return *(Vector3*)__sq_getvector(sqvm, stackpos);
+	}
+
+	inline int sq_getfunction(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const char* name, SQObject* returnObj, const char* signature)
+	{
+		return __sq_getfunction(sqvm, name, returnObj, signature);
+	}
+
+	inline SQRESULT getasset(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger stackpos, const char** result)
+	{
+		return __sq_getasset(sqvm, stackpos, result);
+	}
+
+	inline long long sq_stackinfos(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, int level, SQStackInfos& out)
+	{
+		return __sq_stackinfos(sqvm, level, &out, sqvm->_callstacksize);
+	}
+
+	inline Mod* getcallingmod(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, int depth = 0)
+	{
+		SQStackInfos stackInfo {};
+		if (1 + depth >= sqvm->_callstacksize)
+		{
+			return nullptr;
+		}
+		sq_stackinfos(sqvm, 1 + depth, stackInfo);
+		std::string sourceName = stackInfo._sourceName;
+		std::replace(sourceName.begin(), sourceName.end(), '/', '\\');
+		std::string filename = g_pModManager->NormaliseModFilePath(fs::path("scripts\\vscripts\\" + sourceName));
+		if (auto res = g_pModManager->m_ModFiles.find(filename); res != g_pModManager->m_ModFiles.end())
+		{
+			return res->second.m_pOwningMod;
+		}
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+	template <typename T> inline SQRESULT getuserdata(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger stackpos, T* data, uint64_t* typeId)
+	{
+		return __sq_getuserdata(sqvm, stackpos, (void**)data, typeId); // this sometimes crashes idk
+	}
+
+	template <typename T> inline T* createuserdata(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger size)
+	{
+		void* ret = __sq_createuserdata(sqvm, size);
+		memset(ret, 0, size);
+		return (T*)ret;
+	}
+
+	inline SQRESULT setuserdatatypeid(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQInteger stackpos, uint64_t typeId)
+	{
+		return __sq_setuserdatatypeid(sqvm, stackpos, typeId);
+	}
+
+	template <typename T> inline SQBool getthisentity(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, T* ppEntity)
+	{
+		return __sq_getthisentity(sqvm, (void**)ppEntity);
+	}
+
+	template <typename T> inline T* getentity(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iStackPos)
+	{
+		SQObject obj;
+		__sq_getobject(sqvm, iStackPos, &obj);
+
+		// there are entity constants for other types, but seemingly CBaseEntity's is the only one needed
+		return (T*)__sq_getentityfrominstance(m_pSQVM, &obj, __sq_GetEntityConstant_CBaseEntity());
+	}
+
+	inline SQRESULT pushnewstructinstance(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const int fieldCount)
+	{
+		return __sq_pushnewstructinstance(sqvm, fieldCount);
+	}
+
+	inline SQRESULT sealstructslot(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const int fieldIndex)
+	{
+		return __sq_sealstructslot(sqvm, fieldIndex);
+	}
+#pragma endregion
+};
+
+template <ScriptContext context> class SquirrelManager : public virtual SquirrelManagerBase
+{
+public:
+#pragma region MessageBuffer
+	SquirrelMessageBuffer* messageBuffer;
+
+	template <typename... Args> SquirrelMessage AsyncCall(std::string funcname, Args... args)
+	{
+		// This function schedules a call to be executed on the next frame
+		// This is useful for things like threads and plugins, which do not run on the main thread
+		FunctionVector functionVector;
+		SqRecurseArgs<context>(functionVector, args...);
+		SquirrelMessage message = {funcname, functionVector};
+		messageBuffer->push(message);
+		return message;
+	}
+
+	SquirrelMessage AsyncCall(std::string funcname)
+	{
+		// This function schedules a call to be executed on the next frame
+		// This is useful for things like threads and plugins, which do not run on the main thread
+		FunctionVector functionVector = {};
+		SquirrelMessage message = {funcname, functionVector};
+		messageBuffer->push(message);
+		return message;
+	}
+
+	SQRESULT Call(const char* funcname)
+	{
+		// Warning!
+		// This function assumes the squirrel VM is stopped/blocked at the moment of call
+		// Calling this function while the VM is running is likely to result in a crash due to stack destruction
+		// If you want to call into squirrel asynchronously, use `AsyncCall` instead
+
+		if (!m_pSQVM || !m_pSQVM->sqvm)
+		{
+			spdlog::error(
+				"{} was called on context {} while VM was not initialized. This will crash", __FUNCTION__, GetContextName(context));
+		}
+
+		SQObject functionobj {};
+		int result = sq_getfunction(m_pSQVM->sqvm, funcname, &functionobj, 0);
+		if (result != 0) // This func returns 0 on success for some reason
+		{
+			NS::log::squirrel_logger<context>()->error("Call was unable to find function with name '{}'. Is it global?", funcname);
+			return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+		}
+		pushobject(m_pSQVM->sqvm, &functionobj); // Push the function object
+		pushroottable(m_pSQVM->sqvm); // Push root table
+		return _call(m_pSQVM->sqvm, 0);
+	}
+
+	template <typename... Args> SQRESULT Call(const char* funcname, Args... args)
+	{
+		// Warning!
+		// This function assumes the squirrel VM is stopped/blocked at the moment of call
+		// Calling this function while the VM is running is likely to result in a crash due to stack destruction
+		// If you want to call into squirrel asynchronously, use `schedule_call` instead
+		if (!m_pSQVM || !m_pSQVM->sqvm)
+		{
+			spdlog::error(
+				"{} was called on context {} while VM was not initialized. This will crash", __FUNCTION__, GetContextName(context));
+		}
+		SQObject functionobj {};
+		int result = sq_getfunction(m_pSQVM->sqvm, funcname, &functionobj, 0);
+		if (result != 0) // This func returns 0 on success for some reason
+		{
+			NS::log::squirrel_logger<context>()->error("Call was unable to find function with name '{}'. Is it global?", funcname);
+			return SQRESULT_ERROR;
+		}
+		pushobject(m_pSQVM->sqvm, &functionobj); // Push the function object
+		pushroottable(m_pSQVM->sqvm); // Push root table
+
+		FunctionVector functionVector;
+		SqRecurseArgs<context>(functionVector, args...);
+
+		for (auto& v : functionVector)
+		{
+			// Execute lambda to push arg to stack
+			v();
+		}
+
+		return _call(m_pSQVM->sqvm, functionVector.size());
+	}
+
+#pragma endregion
+
+public:
+	SquirrelManager()
+	{
+		m_pSQVM = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	void VMCreated(CSquirrelVM* newSqvm);
+	void VMDestroyed();
+	void ExecuteCode(const char* code);
+	void AddFuncRegistration(std::string returnType, std::string name, std::string argTypes, std::string helpText, SQFunction func);
+	SQRESULT setupfunc(const SQChar* funcname);
+	void AddFuncOverride(std::string name, SQFunction func);
+	void ProcessMessageBuffer();
+	void GenerateSquirrelFunctionsStruct(SquirrelFunctions* s);
+};
+
+template <ScriptContext context> SquirrelManager<context>* g_pSquirrel;
+
+void InitialiseSquirrelManagers();
+
+/*
+	Beware all ye who enter below.
+	This place is not a place of honor... no highly esteemed deed is commemorated here... nothing valued is here.
+	What is here was dangerous and repulsive to us. This message is a warning about danger.
+*/
+
+#pragma region MessageBuffer templates
+
+// Clang-formatting makes this whole thing unreadable
+// clang-format off
+
+#ifndef MessageBufferFuncs
+#define MessageBufferFuncs
+// Bools
+template <ScriptContext context, typename T>
+requires std::convertible_to<T, bool> && (!std::is_floating_point_v<T>) && (!std::convertible_to<T, std::string>) && (!std::convertible_to<T, int>)
+inline VoidFunction SQMessageBufferPushArg(T& arg) {
+	return [arg]{ g_pSquirrel<context>->pushbool(g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM->sqvm, static_cast<bool>(arg)); };
+}
+// Vectors
+template <ScriptContext context>
+inline VoidFunction SQMessageBufferPushArg(Vector3& arg) {
+	return [arg]{ g_pSquirrel<context>->pushvector(g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM->sqvm, arg); };
+}
+// Vectors
+template <ScriptContext context>
+inline VoidFunction SQMessageBufferPushArg(SQObject* arg) {
+	return [arg]{ g_pSquirrel<context>->pushSQObject(g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM->sqvm, arg); };
+}
+// Ints
+template <ScriptContext context, typename T>
+requires std::convertible_to<T, int> && (!std::is_floating_point_v<T>)
+inline VoidFunction SQMessageBufferPushArg(T& arg) {
+	return [arg]{ g_pSquirrel<context>->pushinteger(g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM->sqvm, static_cast<int>(arg)); };
+}
+// Floats
+template <ScriptContext context, typename T>
+requires std::convertible_to<T, float> && (std::is_floating_point_v<T>)
+inline VoidFunction SQMessageBufferPushArg(T& arg) {
+	return [arg]{ g_pSquirrel<context>->pushfloat(g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM->sqvm, static_cast<float>(arg)); };
+}
+// Strings
+template <ScriptContext context, typename T>
+requires (std::convertible_to<T, std::string> || std::is_constructible_v<std::string, T>)
+inline VoidFunction SQMessageBufferPushArg(T& arg) {
+	auto converted = std::string(arg);
+	return [converted]{ g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM->sqvm, converted.c_str(), converted.length()); };
+}
+// Assets
+template <ScriptContext context>
+inline VoidFunction SQMessageBufferPushArg(SquirrelAsset& arg) {
+	return [arg]{ g_pSquirrel<context>->pushasset(g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM->sqvm, arg.path.c_str(), arg.path.length()); };
+}
+// Maps
+template <ScriptContext context, typename T>
+requires is_iterable<T>
+inline VoidFunction SQMessageBufferPushArg(T& arg) {
+	FunctionVector localv = {};
+	localv.push_back([]{g_pSquirrel<context>->newarray(g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM->sqvm, 0);});
+	
+	for (const auto& item : arg) {
+		localv.push_back(SQMessageBufferPushArg<context>(item));
+		localv.push_back([]{g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM->sqvm, -2);});
+	}
+
+	return [localv] { for (auto& func : localv) { func(); } };
+}
+// Vectors
+template <ScriptContext context, typename T>
+requires is_map<T>
+inline VoidFunction SQMessageBufferPushArg(T& map) {
+	FunctionVector localv = {};
+	localv.push_back([]{g_pSquirrel<context>->newtable(g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM->sqvm);});
+	
+	for (const auto& item : map) {
+		localv.push_back(SQMessageBufferPushArg<context>(item.first));
+		localv.push_back(SQMessageBufferPushArg<context>(item.second));
+		localv.push_back([]{g_pSquirrel<context>->newslot(g_pSquirrel<context>->m_pSQVM->sqvm, -3, false);});
+	}
+
+	return [localv]{ for (auto& func : localv) { func(); } };
+}
+
+template <ScriptContext context, typename T>
+inline void SqRecurseArgs(FunctionVector& v, T& arg) {
+	v.push_back(SQMessageBufferPushArg<context>(arg));
+}
+
+// This function is separated from the PushArg function so as to not generate too many template instances
+// This is the main function responsible for unrolling the argument pack
+template <ScriptContext context, typename T, typename... Args>
+inline void SqRecurseArgs(FunctionVector& v, T& arg, Args... args) {
+	v.push_back(SQMessageBufferPushArg<context>(arg));
+	SqRecurseArgs<context>(v, args...);
+}
+
+// clang-format on
+#endif
+
+#pragma endregion
diff --git a/primedev/squirrel/squirrelautobind.cpp b/primedev/squirrel/squirrelautobind.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c15240f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/squirrel/squirrelautobind.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "squirrelautobind.h"
+
+SquirrelAutoBindContainer* g_pSqAutoBindContainer;
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("client.dll", ClientSquirrelAutoBind, ClientSquirrel, (CModule module))
+{
+	spdlog::info("ClientSquirrelAutoBInd AutoBindFuncsVectorsize {}", g_pSqAutoBindContainer->clientSqAutoBindFuncs.size());
+	for (auto& autoBindFunc : g_pSqAutoBindContainer->clientSqAutoBindFuncs)
+	{
+		autoBindFunc();
+	}
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD_RELIESON("server.dll", ServerSquirrelAutoBind, ServerSquirrel, (CModule module))
+{
+	for (auto& autoBindFunc : g_pSqAutoBindContainer->serverSqAutoBindFuncs)
+	{
+		autoBindFunc();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/primedev/squirrel/squirrelautobind.h b/primedev/squirrel/squirrelautobind.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0fc599f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/squirrel/squirrelautobind.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <vector>
+
+typedef void (*SqAutoBindFunc)();
+
+class SquirrelAutoBindContainer
+{
+public:
+	std::vector<std::function<void()>> clientSqAutoBindFuncs;
+	std::vector<std::function<void()>> serverSqAutoBindFuncs;
+};
+
+extern SquirrelAutoBindContainer* g_pSqAutoBindContainer;
+
+class __squirrelautobind;
+
+#define ADD_SQFUNC(returnType, funcName, argTypes, helpText, runOnContext)                                                                 \
+	template <ScriptContext context> SQRESULT CONCAT2(Script_, funcName)(HSquirrelVM * sqvm);                                              \
+	namespace                                                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		__squirrelautobind CONCAT2(__squirrelautobind, __LINE__)(                                                                          \
+			[]()                                                                                                                           \
+			{                                                                                                                              \
+				if constexpr ((runOnContext)&ScriptContext::UI)                                                                            \
+					g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->AddFuncRegistration(                                                                   \
+						returnType, __STR(funcName), argTypes, helpText, CONCAT2(Script_, funcName) < ScriptContext::UI >);                \
+				if constexpr ((runOnContext)&ScriptContext::CLIENT)                                                                        \
+					g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->AddFuncRegistration(                                                               \
+						returnType, __STR(funcName), argTypes, helpText, CONCAT2(Script_, funcName) < ScriptContext::CLIENT >);            \
+			},                                                                                                                             \
+			[]()                                                                                                                           \
+			{                                                                                                                              \
+				if constexpr ((runOnContext)&ScriptContext::SERVER)                                                                        \
+					g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->AddFuncRegistration(                                                               \
+						returnType, __STR(funcName), argTypes, helpText, CONCAT2(Script_, funcName) < ScriptContext::SERVER >);            \
+			});                                                                                                                            \
+	}                                                                                                                                      \
+	template <ScriptContext context> SQRESULT CONCAT2(Script_, funcName)(HSquirrelVM * sqvm)
+
+#define REPLACE_SQFUNC(funcName, runOnContext)                                                                                             \
+	template <ScriptContext context> SQRESULT CONCAT2(Script_, funcName)(HSquirrelVM * sqvm);                                              \
+	namespace                                                                                                                              \
+	{                                                                                                                                      \
+		__squirrelautobind CONCAT2(__squirrelautobind, __LINE__)(                                                                          \
+			[]()                                                                                                                           \
+			{                                                                                                                              \
+				if constexpr ((runOnContext)&ScriptContext::UI)                                                                            \
+					g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::UI>->AddFuncOverride(__STR(funcName), CONCAT2(Script_, funcName) < ScriptContext::UI >);    \
+				if constexpr ((runOnContext)&ScriptContext::CLIENT)                                                                        \
+					g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::CLIENT>->AddFuncOverride(                                                                   \
+						__STR(funcName), CONCAT2(Script_, funcName) < ScriptContext::CLIENT >);                                            \
+			},                                                                                                                             \
+			[]()                                                                                                                           \
+			{                                                                                                                              \
+				if constexpr ((runOnContext)&ScriptContext::SERVER)                                                                        \
+					g_pSquirrel<ScriptContext::SERVER>->AddFuncOverride(                                                                   \
+						__STR(funcName), CONCAT2(Script_, funcName) < ScriptContext::SERVER >);                                            \
+			});                                                                                                                            \
+	}                                                                                                                                      \
+	template <ScriptContext context> SQRESULT CONCAT2(Script_, funcName)(HSquirrelVM * sqvm)
+
+class __squirrelautobind
+{
+public:
+	__squirrelautobind() = delete;
+
+	__squirrelautobind(std::function<void()> clientAutoBindFunc, std::function<void()> serverAutoBindFunc)
+	{
+		// Bit hacky but we can't initialise this normally since this gets run automatically on load
+		if (g_pSqAutoBindContainer == nullptr)
+			g_pSqAutoBindContainer = new SquirrelAutoBindContainer();
+
+		g_pSqAutoBindContainer->clientSqAutoBindFuncs.push_back(clientAutoBindFunc);
+		g_pSqAutoBindContainer->serverSqAutoBindFuncs.push_back(serverAutoBindFunc);
+	}
+};
diff --git a/primedev/squirrel/squirrelclasstypes.h b/primedev/squirrel/squirrelclasstypes.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd777551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/squirrel/squirrelclasstypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "squirreldatatypes.h"
+
+#include <queue>
+
+enum SQRESULT : SQInteger
+{
+	SQRESULT_ERROR = -1,
+	SQRESULT_NULL = 0,
+	SQRESULT_NOTNULL = 1,
+};
+
+typedef SQRESULT (*SQFunction)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm);
+
+enum class eSQReturnType
+{
+	Float = 0x1,
+	Vector = 0x3,
+	Integer = 0x5,
+	Boolean = 0x6,
+	Entity = 0xD,
+	String = 0x21,
+	Default = 0x20,
+	Arrays = 0x25,
+	Asset = 0x28,
+	Table = 0x26,
+};
+
+const std::map<SQRESULT, const char*> PrintSQRESULT = {
+	{SQRESULT::SQRESULT_ERROR, "SQRESULT_ERROR"},
+	{SQRESULT::SQRESULT_NULL, "SQRESULT_NULL"},
+	{SQRESULT::SQRESULT_NOTNULL, "SQRESULT_NOTNULL"}};
+
+struct CompileBufferState
+{
+	const SQChar* buffer;
+	const SQChar* bufferPlusLength;
+	const SQChar* bufferAgain;
+
+	CompileBufferState(const std::string& code)
+	{
+		buffer = code.c_str();
+		bufferPlusLength = code.c_str() + code.size();
+		bufferAgain = code.c_str();
+	}
+};
+
+struct SQFuncRegistration
+{
+	const char* squirrelFuncName;
+	const char* cppFuncName;
+	const char* helpText;
+	const char* returnTypeString;
+	const char* argTypes;
+	uint32_t unknown1;
+	uint32_t devLevel;
+	const char* shortNameMaybe;
+	uint32_t unknown2;
+	eSQReturnType returnType;
+	uint32_t* externalBufferPointer;
+	uint64_t externalBufferSize;
+	uint64_t unknown3;
+	uint64_t unknown4;
+	SQFunction funcPtr;
+
+	SQFuncRegistration()
+	{
+		memset(this, 0, sizeof(SQFuncRegistration));
+		this->returnType = eSQReturnType::Default;
+	}
+};
+
+enum class ScriptContext : int
+{
+	INVALID = -1,
+	SERVER,
+	CLIENT,
+	UI,
+};
+
+typedef std::vector<std::function<void()>> FunctionVector;
+typedef std::function<void()> VoidFunction;
+
+// clang-format off
+template <typename T>
+concept is_map =
+	// Simple maps
+	std::same_as<T, std::map<typename T::key_type, typename T::mapped_type, typename T::key_compare, typename T::allocator_type>> ||
+	std::same_as<T, std::unordered_map<typename T::key_type, typename T::mapped_type, typename T::hasher, typename T::key_equal, typename T::allocator_type>> ||
+
+	// Nested maps
+	std::same_as <
+		std::map<typename T::key_type, typename T::mapped_type, typename T::key_compare, typename T::allocator_type>,
+		std::map<typename T::key_type, typename T::mapped_type, typename T::key_compare, typename T::allocator_type>
+	> ||
+	std::same_as <
+		std::unordered_map<typename T::key_type, typename T::mapped_type, typename T::key_compare, typename T::allocator_type>,
+		std::unordered_map<typename T::key_type, typename T::mapped_type, typename T::key_compare, typename T::allocator_type>
+	> ||
+	std::same_as <
+		std::unordered_map<typename T::key_type, typename T::mapped_type, typename T::key_compare, typename T::allocator_type>,
+		std::map<typename T::key_type, typename T::mapped_type, typename T::key_compare, typename T::allocator_type>
+	> ||
+	std::same_as <
+		std::map<typename T::key_type, typename T::mapped_type, typename T::key_compare, typename T::allocator_type>,
+		std::unordered_map<typename T::key_type, typename T::mapped_type, typename T::key_compare, typename T::allocator_type>
+	>
+;
+
+template<typename T>
+concept is_iterable = requires(std::ranges::range_value_t<T> x)
+{
+    x.begin();          // must have `x.begin()`
+    x.end();            // and `x.end()`
+};
+
+// clang-format on
+
+typedef int (*SquirrelMessage_External_Pop)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, void* userdata);
+typedef void (*sq_schedule_call_externalType)(
+	ScriptContext context, const char* funcname, SquirrelMessage_External_Pop function, void* userdata);
+
+class SquirrelMessage
+{
+public:
+	std::string functionName;
+	FunctionVector args;
+	bool isExternal = false;
+	void* userdata = NULL;
+	SquirrelMessage_External_Pop externalFunc = NULL;
+};
+
+class SquirrelMessageBuffer
+{
+
+private:
+	std::queue<SquirrelMessage> messages = {};
+
+public:
+	std::mutex mutex;
+	std::optional<SquirrelMessage> pop()
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex);
+		if (!messages.empty())
+		{
+			auto message = messages.front();
+			messages.pop();
+			return message;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			return std::nullopt;
+		}
+	}
+
+	void unwind()
+	{
+		auto maybeMessage = this->pop();
+		if (!maybeMessage)
+		{
+			spdlog::error("Plugin tried consuming SquirrelMessage while buffer was empty");
+			return;
+		}
+		auto message = maybeMessage.value();
+		for (auto& v : message.args)
+		{
+			// Execute lambda to push arg to stack
+			v();
+		}
+	}
+
+	void push(SquirrelMessage message)
+	{
+		std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(mutex);
+		messages.push(message);
+	}
+};
+
+// Super simple wrapper class to allow pushing Assets via call
+class SquirrelAsset
+{
+public:
+	std::string path;
+	SquirrelAsset(std::string path) : path(path) {};
+};
+
+#pragma region TypeDefs
+
+// core sqvm funcs
+typedef int64_t (*RegisterSquirrelFuncType)(CSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQFuncRegistration* funcReg, char unknown);
+typedef void (*sq_defconstType)(CSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQChar* name, int value);
+
+typedef SQRESULT (*sq_compilebufferType)(
+	HSquirrelVM* sqvm, CompileBufferState* compileBuffer, const char* file, int a1, SQBool bShouldThrowError);
+typedef SQRESULT (*sq_callType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iArgs, SQBool bShouldReturn, SQBool bThrowError);
+typedef SQInteger (*sq_raiseerrorType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQChar* pError);
+typedef bool (*sq_compilefileType)(CSquirrelVM* sqvm, const char* path, const char* name, int a4);
+
+// sq stack array funcs
+typedef void (*sq_newarrayType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iStackpos);
+typedef SQRESULT (*sq_arrayappendType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iStackpos);
+
+// sq table funcs
+typedef SQRESULT (*sq_newtableType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm);
+typedef SQRESULT (*sq_newslotType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger idx, SQBool bStatic);
+
+// sq stack push funcs
+typedef void (*sq_pushroottableType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm);
+typedef void (*sq_pushstringType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQChar* pStr, SQInteger iLength);
+typedef void (*sq_pushintegerType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger i);
+typedef void (*sq_pushfloatType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQFloat f);
+typedef void (*sq_pushboolType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQBool b);
+typedef void (*sq_pushassetType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQChar* str, SQInteger iLength);
+typedef void (*sq_pushvectorType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const SQFloat* pVec);
+typedef void (*sq_pushobjectType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQObject* pVec);
+
+// sq stack get funcs
+typedef const SQChar* (*sq_getstringType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iStackpos);
+typedef SQInteger (*sq_getintegerType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iStackpos);
+typedef SQFloat (*sq_getfloatType)(HSquirrelVM*, SQInteger iStackpos);
+typedef SQBool (*sq_getboolType)(HSquirrelVM*, SQInteger iStackpos);
+typedef SQRESULT (*sq_getType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iStackpos);
+typedef SQRESULT (*sq_getassetType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iStackpos, const char** pResult);
+typedef SQRESULT (*sq_getuserdataType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iStackpos, void** pData, uint64_t* pTypeId);
+typedef SQFloat* (*sq_getvectorType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iStackpos);
+typedef SQBool (*sq_getthisentityType)(HSquirrelVM*, void** ppEntity);
+typedef void (*sq_getobjectType)(HSquirrelVM*, SQInteger iStackPos, SQObject* pOutObj);
+
+typedef long long (*sq_stackinfosType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, int iLevel, SQStackInfos* pOutObj, int iCallStackSize);
+
+// sq stack userpointer funcs
+typedef void* (*sq_createuserdataType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iSize);
+typedef SQRESULT (*sq_setuserdatatypeidType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQInteger iStackpos, uint64_t iTypeId);
+
+// sq misc entity funcs
+typedef void* (*sq_getentityfrominstanceType)(CSquirrelVM* sqvm, SQObject* pInstance, char** ppEntityConstant);
+typedef char** (*sq_GetEntityConstantType)();
+
+typedef int (*sq_getfunctionType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, const char* name, SQObject* returnObj, const char* signature);
+
+// structs
+typedef SQRESULT (*sq_pushnewstructinstanceType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, int fieldCount);
+typedef SQRESULT (*sq_sealstructslotType)(HSquirrelVM* sqvm, int slotIndex);
+
+#pragma endregion
+
+// These "external" versions of the types are for plugins
+typedef int64_t (*RegisterSquirrelFuncType_External)(ScriptContext context, SQFuncRegistration* funcReg, char unknown);
diff --git a/primedev/squirrel/squirreldatatypes.h b/primedev/squirrel/squirreldatatypes.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..84ab15ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/squirrel/squirreldatatypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+#pragma once
+/*
+   This file has been generated by IDA.
+   It contains local type definitions from
+   the type library 'server.dll'
+*/
+
+struct HSquirrelVM;
+struct CallInfo;
+struct SQTable;
+struct SQString;
+struct SQFunctionProto;
+struct SQClosure;
+struct SQSharedState;
+struct StringTable;
+struct SQStructInstance;
+struct SQStructDef;
+struct SQNativeClosure;
+struct SQArray;
+struct tableNode;
+struct SQUserData;
+struct CSquirrelVM;
+
+typedef void (*releasehookType)(void* val, int size);
+
+// stolen from ttf2sdk: sqvm types
+typedef float SQFloat;
+typedef long SQInteger;
+typedef unsigned long SQUnsignedInteger;
+typedef char SQChar;
+typedef SQUnsignedInteger SQBool;
+
+/* 127 */
+enum SQObjectType : int
+{
+	_RT_NULL = 0x1,
+	_RT_INTEGER = 0x2,
+	_RT_FLOAT = 0x4,
+	_RT_BOOL = 0x8,
+	_RT_STRING = 0x10,
+	_RT_TABLE = 0x20,
+	_RT_ARRAY = 0x40,
+	_RT_USERDATA = 0x80,
+	_RT_CLOSURE = 0x100,
+	_RT_NATIVECLOSURE = 0x200,
+	_RT_GENERATOR = 0x400,
+	OT_USERPOINTER = 0x800,
+	_RT_USERPOINTER = 0x800,
+	_RT_THREAD = 0x1000,
+	_RT_FUNCPROTO = 0x2000,
+	_RT_CLASS = 0x4000,
+	_RT_INSTANCE = 0x8000,
+	_RT_WEAKREF = 0x10000,
+	OT_VECTOR = 0x40000,
+	SQOBJECT_CANBEFALSE = 0x1000000,
+	OT_NULL = 0x1000001,
+	OT_BOOL = 0x1000008,
+	SQOBJECT_DELEGABLE = 0x2000000,
+	SQOBJECT_NUMERIC = 0x4000000,
+	OT_INTEGER = 0x5000002,
+	OT_FLOAT = 0x5000004,
+	SQOBJECT_REF_COUNTED = 0x8000000,
+	OT_STRING = 0x8000010,
+	OT_ARRAY = 0x8000040,
+	OT_CLOSURE = 0x8000100,
+	OT_NATIVECLOSURE = 0x8000200,
+	OT_ASSET = 0x8000400,
+	OT_THREAD = 0x8001000,
+	OT_FUNCPROTO = 0x8002000,
+	OT_CLAAS = 0x8004000,
+	OT_STRUCT = 0x8200000,
+	OT_WEAKREF = 0x8010000,
+	OT_TABLE = 0xA000020,
+	OT_USERDATA = 0xA000080,
+	OT_INSTANCE = 0xA008000,
+	OT_ENTITY = 0xA400000,
+};
+
+/* 156 */
+union SQObjectValue
+{
+	SQString* asString;
+	SQTable* asTable;
+	SQClosure* asClosure;
+	SQFunctionProto* asFuncProto;
+	SQStructDef* asStructDef;
+	long long as64Integer;
+	SQNativeClosure* asNativeClosure;
+	SQArray* asArray;
+	HSquirrelVM* asThread;
+	float asFloat;
+	int asInteger;
+	SQUserData* asUserdata;
+	SQStructInstance* asStructInstance;
+};
+
+/* 160 */
+struct SQVector
+{
+	SQObjectType _Type;
+	float x;
+	float y;
+	float z;
+};
+
+/* 128 */
+struct SQObject
+{
+	SQObjectType _Type;
+	int structNumber;
+	SQObjectValue _VAL;
+};
+
+/* 138 */
+struct alignas(8) SQString
+{
+	void* vftable;
+	int uiRef;
+	int padding;
+	SQString* _next_maybe;
+	SQSharedState* sharedState;
+	int length;
+	unsigned char gap_24[4];
+	char _hash[8];
+	char _val[1];
+};
+
+/* 137 */
+struct alignas(8) SQTable
+{
+	void* vftable;
+	unsigned char gap_08[4];
+	int uiRef;
+	unsigned char gap_10[8];
+	void* pointer_18;
+	void* pointer_20;
+	void* _sharedState;
+	long long field_30;
+	tableNode* _nodes;
+	int _numOfNodes;
+	int size;
+	int field_48;
+	int _usedNodes;
+	unsigned char _gap_50[20];
+	int field_64;
+	unsigned char _gap_68[80];
+};
+
+/* 140 */
+struct alignas(8) SQClosure
+{
+	void* vftable;
+	unsigned char gap_08[4];
+	int uiRef;
+	void* pointer_10;
+	void* pointer_18;
+	void* pointer_20;
+	void* sharedState;
+	SQObject obj_30;
+	SQObject _function;
+	SQObject* _outervalues;
+	unsigned char gap_58[8];
+	unsigned char gap_60[96];
+	SQObject* objectPointer_C0;
+	unsigned char gap_C8[16];
+};
+
+/* 139 */
+struct alignas(8) SQFunctionProto
+{
+	void* vftable;
+	unsigned char gap_08[4];
+	int uiRef;
+	unsigned char gap_10[8];
+	void* pointer_18;
+	void* pointer_20;
+	void* sharedState;
+	void* pointer_30;
+	SQObjectType _fileNameType;
+	SQString* _fileName;
+	SQObjectType _funcNameType;
+	SQString* _funcName;
+	SQObject obj_58;
+	unsigned char gap_68[12];
+	int _stacksize;
+	unsigned char gap_78[48];
+	int nParameters;
+	unsigned char gap_AC[60];
+	int nDefaultParams;
+	unsigned char gap_EC[200];
+};
+
+/* 152 */
+struct SQStructDef
+{
+	void* vtable;
+	int uiRef;
+	unsigned char padding_C[4];
+	unsigned char unknown[24];
+	SQSharedState* sharedState;
+	SQObjectType _nameType;
+	SQString* _name;
+	unsigned char gap_38[16];
+	SQObjectType _variableNamesType;
+	SQTable* _variableNames;
+	unsigned char gap_[32];
+};
+
+/* 157 */
+struct alignas(8) SQNativeClosure
+{
+	void* vftable;
+	int uiRef;
+	unsigned char gap_C[4];
+	long long value_10;
+	long long value_18;
+	long long value_20;
+	SQSharedState* sharedState;
+	char unknown_30;
+	unsigned char padding_34[7];
+	long long value_38;
+	long long value_40;
+	long long value_48;
+	long long value_50;
+	long long value_58;
+	SQObjectType _nameType;
+	SQString* _name;
+	long long value_70;
+	long long value_78;
+	unsigned char justInCaseGap_80[300];
+};
+
+/* 162 */
+struct SQArray
+{
+	void* vftable;
+	int uiRef;
+	unsigned char gap_24[36];
+	SQObject* _values;
+	int _usedSlots;
+	int _allocated;
+};
+
+/* 129 */
+struct alignas(8) HSquirrelVM
+{
+	void* vftable;
+	int uiRef;
+	unsigned char gap_8[12];
+	void* _toString;
+	void* _roottable_pointer;
+	void* pointer_28;
+	CallInfo* ci;
+	CallInfo* _callstack;
+	int _callstacksize;
+	int _stackbase;
+	SQObject* _stackOfCurrentFunction;
+	SQSharedState* sharedState;
+	void* pointer_58;
+	void* pointer_60;
+	int _top;
+	SQObject* _stack;
+	unsigned char gap_78[8];
+	SQObject* _vargvstack;
+	unsigned char gap_88[8];
+	SQObject temp_reg;
+	unsigned char gapA0[8];
+	void* pointer_A8;
+	unsigned char gap_B0[8];
+	SQObject _roottable_object;
+	SQObject _lasterror;
+	SQObject _errorHandler;
+	long long field_E8;
+	int traps;
+	unsigned char gap_F4[12];
+	int _nnativecalls;
+	int _suspended;
+	int _suspended_root;
+	int _unk;
+	int _suspended_target;
+	int trapAmount;
+	int _suspend_varargs;
+	int unknown_field_11C;
+	SQObject object_120;
+};
+
+/* 150 */
+struct SQStructInstance
+{
+	void* vftable;
+	__int32 uiRef;
+	BYTE gap_C[4];
+	__int64 unknown_10;
+	void* pointer_18;
+	__int64 unknown_20;
+	SQSharedState* _sharedState;
+	unsigned int size;
+	BYTE gap_34[4];
+	SQObject data[1]; // This struct is dynamically sized, so this size is unknown
+};
+
+/* 148 */
+struct SQSharedState
+{
+	unsigned char gap_0[72];
+	void* unknown;
+	unsigned char gap_50[16344];
+	SQObjectType _unknownTableType00;
+	long long _unknownTableValue00;
+	unsigned char gap_4038[16];
+	StringTable* _stringTable;
+	unsigned char gap_4050[32];
+	SQObjectType _unknownTableType0;
+	long long _unknownTableValue0;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType1;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue1;
+	unsigned char gap_4090[8];
+	SQObjectType _unknownArrayType2;
+	long long _unknownArrayValue2;
+	SQObjectType _gobalsArrayType;
+	SQStructInstance* _globalsArray;
+	unsigned char gap_40B8[16];
+	SQObjectType _nativeClosuresType;
+	SQTable* _nativeClosures;
+	SQObjectType _typedConstantsType;
+	SQTable* _typedConstants;
+	SQObjectType _untypedConstantsType;
+	SQTable* _untypedConstants;
+	SQObjectType _globalsMaybeType;
+	SQTable* _globals;
+	SQObjectType _functionsType;
+	SQTable* _functions;
+	SQObjectType _structsType;
+	SQTable* _structs;
+	SQObjectType _typeDefsType;
+	SQTable* _typeDefs;
+	SQObjectType unknownTableType;
+	SQTable* unknownTable;
+	SQObjectType _squirrelFilesType;
+	SQTable* _squirrelFiles;
+	unsigned char gap_4158[80];
+	SQObjectType _nativeClosures2Type;
+	SQTable* _nativeClosures2;
+	SQObjectType _entityTypesMaybeType;
+	SQTable* _entityTypesMaybe;
+	SQObjectType unknownTable2Type;
+	SQTable* unknownTable2;
+	unsigned char gap_41D8[72];
+	SQObjectType _compilerKeywordsType;
+	SQTable* _compilerKeywords;
+	HSquirrelVM* _currentThreadMaybe;
+	unsigned char gap_4238[8];
+	SQObjectType unknownTable3Type;
+	SQTable* unknownTable3;
+	unsigned char gap_4250[16];
+	SQObjectType unknownThreadType;
+	SQTable* unknownThread;
+	SQObjectType _tableNativeFunctionsType;
+	SQTable* _tableNativeFunctions;
+	SQObjectType _unknownTableType4;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue4;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType5;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue5;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType6;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue6;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType7;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue7;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType8;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue8;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType9;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue9;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType10;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue10;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType11;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue11;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType12;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue12;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType13;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue13;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType14;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue14;
+	SQObjectType _unknownObjectType15;
+	long long _unknownObjectValue15;
+	unsigned char gap_4340[16];
+	void* printFunction;
+	unsigned char gap_4358[16];
+	void* logEntityFunction;
+	unsigned char gap_4370[40];
+	SQObjectType _waitStringType;
+	SQString* _waitStringValue;
+	SQObjectType _SpinOffAndWaitForStringType;
+	SQString* _SpinOffAndWaitForStringValue;
+	SQObjectType _SpinOffAndWaitForSoloStringType;
+	SQString* _SpinOffAndWaitForSoloStringValue;
+	SQObjectType _SpinOffStringType;
+	SQString* _SpinOffStringValue;
+	SQObjectType _SpinOffDelayedStringType;
+	SQString* _SpinOffDelayedStringValue;
+	CSquirrelVM* cSquirrelVM;
+	bool enableDebugInfo; // functionality stripped
+	unsigned char gap_43F1[23];
+};
+
+/* 165 */
+struct tableNode
+{
+	SQObject val;
+	SQObject key;
+	tableNode* next;
+};
+
+/* 136 */
+struct alignas(8) CallInfo
+{
+	long long ip;
+	SQObject* _literals;
+	SQObject obj10;
+	SQObject closure;
+	int _etraps[4];
+	int _root;
+	short _vargs_size;
+	short _vargs_base;
+	unsigned char gap[16];
+};
+
+/* 149 */
+struct StringTable
+{
+	unsigned char gap_0[12];
+	int _numofslots;
+	unsigned char gap_10[200];
+};
+
+/* 141 */
+struct alignas(8) SQStackInfos
+{
+	char* _name;
+	char* _sourceName;
+	int _line;
+};
+
+/* 151 */
+struct alignas(4) SQInstruction
+{
+	int op;
+	int arg1;
+	int output;
+	short arg2;
+	short arg3;
+};
+
+/* 154 */
+struct SQLexer
+{
+	unsigned char gap_0[112];
+};
+
+/* 153 */
+struct SQCompiler
+{
+	unsigned char gap_0[4];
+	int _token;
+	unsigned char gap_8[8];
+	SQObject object_10;
+	SQLexer lexer;
+	unsigned char gap_90[752];
+	HSquirrelVM* sqvm;
+	unsigned char gap_288[8];
+};
+
+/* 155 */
+struct CSquirrelVM
+{
+	BYTE gap_0[8];
+	HSquirrelVM* sqvm;
+	BYTE gap_10[8];
+	SQObject unknownObject_18;
+	__int64 unknown_28;
+	BYTE gap_30[12];
+	__int32 vmContext;
+	BYTE gap_40[648];
+	char* (*formatString)(__int64 a1, const char* format, ...);
+	BYTE gap_2D0[24];
+};
+
+struct SQUserData
+{
+	void* vftable;
+	int uiRef;
+	char gap_12[4];
+	long long unknown_10;
+	long long unknown_18;
+	long long unknown_20;
+	long long sharedState;
+	long long unknown_30;
+	int size;
+	char padding1[4];
+	releasehookType releaseHook;
+	long long typeId;
+	char data[1];
+};
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/libcurl b/primedev/thirdparty/libcurl
new file mode 160000
+Subproject 801bd5138ce31aa0d906fa4e2eabfc599d74e79
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/minhook b/primedev/thirdparty/minhook
new file mode 160000
+Subproject 0f25a2449b3cf878bcbdbf91b693c38149ecf02
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/minizip b/primedev/thirdparty/minizip
new file mode 160000
+Subproject 680d6f1dcf9de99fc033b54975a1dfff10be2b6
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/allocators.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/allocators.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..98affe03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/allocators.h
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATORS_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATORS_H_
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Allocator
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Allocator
+    \brief Concept for allocating, resizing and freeing memory block.
+    
+    Note that Malloc() and Realloc() are non-static but Free() is static.
+    
+    So if an allocator need to support Free(), it needs to put its pointer in 
+    the header of memory block.
+
+\code
+concept Allocator {
+    static const bool kNeedFree;    //!< Whether this allocator needs to call Free().
+
+    // Allocate a memory block.
+    // \param size of the memory block in bytes.
+    // \returns pointer to the memory block.
+    void* Malloc(size_t size);
+
+    // Resize a memory block.
+    // \param originalPtr The pointer to current memory block. Null pointer is permitted.
+    // \param originalSize The current size in bytes. (Design issue: since some allocator may not book-keep this, explicitly pass to it can save memory.)
+    // \param newSize the new size in bytes.
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize);
+
+    // Free a memory block.
+    // \param pointer to the memory block. Null pointer is permitted.
+    static void Free(void *ptr);
+};
+\endcode
+*/
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CrtAllocator
+
+//! C-runtime library allocator.
+/*! This class is just wrapper for standard C library memory routines.
+    \note implements Allocator concept
+*/
+class CrtAllocator {
+public:
+    static const bool kNeedFree = true;
+    void* Malloc(size_t size) { 
+        if (size) //  behavior of malloc(0) is implementation defined.
+            return std::malloc(size);
+        else
+            return NULL; // standardize to returning NULL.
+    }
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize) {
+        (void)originalSize;
+        if (newSize == 0) {
+            std::free(originalPtr);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return std::realloc(originalPtr, newSize);
+    }
+    static void Free(void *ptr) { std::free(ptr); }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// MemoryPoolAllocator
+
+//! Default memory allocator used by the parser and DOM.
+/*! This allocator allocate memory blocks from pre-allocated memory chunks. 
+
+    It does not free memory blocks. And Realloc() only allocate new memory.
+
+    The memory chunks are allocated by BaseAllocator, which is CrtAllocator by default.
+
+    User may also supply a buffer as the first chunk.
+
+    If the user-buffer is full then additional chunks are allocated by BaseAllocator.
+
+    The user-buffer is not deallocated by this allocator.
+
+    \tparam BaseAllocator the allocator type for allocating memory chunks. Default is CrtAllocator.
+    \note implements Allocator concept
+*/
+template <typename BaseAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class MemoryPoolAllocator {
+public:
+    static const bool kNeedFree = false;    //!< Tell users that no need to call Free() with this allocator. (concept Allocator)
+
+    //! Constructor with chunkSize.
+    /*! \param chunkSize The size of memory chunk. The default is kDefaultChunkSize.
+        \param baseAllocator The allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    */
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(size_t chunkSize = kDefaultChunkCapacity, BaseAllocator* baseAllocator = 0) : 
+        chunkHead_(0), chunk_capacity_(chunkSize), userBuffer_(0), baseAllocator_(baseAllocator), ownBaseAllocator_(0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor with user-supplied buffer.
+    /*! The user buffer will be used firstly. When it is full, memory pool allocates new chunk with chunk size.
+
+        The user buffer will not be deallocated when this allocator is destructed.
+
+        \param buffer User supplied buffer.
+        \param size Size of the buffer in bytes. It must at least larger than sizeof(ChunkHeader).
+        \param chunkSize The size of memory chunk. The default is kDefaultChunkSize.
+        \param baseAllocator The allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    */
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t chunkSize = kDefaultChunkCapacity, BaseAllocator* baseAllocator = 0) :
+        chunkHead_(0), chunk_capacity_(chunkSize), userBuffer_(buffer), baseAllocator_(baseAllocator), ownBaseAllocator_(0)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(buffer != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(size > sizeof(ChunkHeader));
+        chunkHead_ = reinterpret_cast<ChunkHeader*>(buffer);
+        chunkHead_->capacity = size - sizeof(ChunkHeader);
+        chunkHead_->size = 0;
+        chunkHead_->next = 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    /*! This deallocates all memory chunks, excluding the user-supplied buffer.
+    */
+    ~MemoryPoolAllocator() {
+        Clear();
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownBaseAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    //! Deallocates all memory chunks, excluding the user-supplied buffer.
+    void Clear() {
+        while (chunkHead_ && chunkHead_ != userBuffer_) {
+            ChunkHeader* next = chunkHead_->next;
+            baseAllocator_->Free(chunkHead_);
+            chunkHead_ = next;
+        }
+        if (chunkHead_ && chunkHead_ == userBuffer_)
+            chunkHead_->size = 0; // Clear user buffer
+    }
+
+    //! Computes the total capacity of allocated memory chunks.
+    /*! \return total capacity in bytes.
+    */
+    size_t Capacity() const {
+        size_t capacity = 0;
+        for (ChunkHeader* c = chunkHead_; c != 0; c = c->next)
+            capacity += c->capacity;
+        return capacity;
+    }
+
+    //! Computes the memory blocks allocated.
+    /*! \return total used bytes.
+    */
+    size_t Size() const {
+        size_t size = 0;
+        for (ChunkHeader* c = chunkHead_; c != 0; c = c->next)
+            size += c->size;
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    //! Allocates a memory block. (concept Allocator)
+    void* Malloc(size_t size) {
+        if (!size)
+            return NULL;
+
+        size = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(size);
+        if (chunkHead_ == 0 || chunkHead_->size + size > chunkHead_->capacity)
+            if (!AddChunk(chunk_capacity_ > size ? chunk_capacity_ : size))
+                return NULL;
+
+        void *buffer = reinterpret_cast<char *>(chunkHead_) + RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(ChunkHeader)) + chunkHead_->size;
+        chunkHead_->size += size;
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+    //! Resizes a memory block (concept Allocator)
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize) {
+        if (originalPtr == 0)
+            return Malloc(newSize);
+
+        if (newSize == 0)
+            return NULL;
+
+        originalSize = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(originalSize);
+        newSize = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(newSize);
+
+        // Do not shrink if new size is smaller than original
+        if (originalSize >= newSize)
+            return originalPtr;
+
+        // Simply expand it if it is the last allocation and there is sufficient space
+        if (originalPtr == reinterpret_cast<char *>(chunkHead_) + RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(ChunkHeader)) + chunkHead_->size - originalSize) {
+            size_t increment = static_cast<size_t>(newSize - originalSize);
+            if (chunkHead_->size + increment <= chunkHead_->capacity) {
+                chunkHead_->size += increment;
+                return originalPtr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Realloc process: allocate and copy memory, do not free original buffer.
+        if (void* newBuffer = Malloc(newSize)) {
+            if (originalSize)
+                std::memcpy(newBuffer, originalPtr, originalSize);
+            return newBuffer;
+        }
+        else
+            return NULL;
+    }
+
+    //! Frees a memory block (concept Allocator)
+    static void Free(void *ptr) { (void)ptr; } // Do nothing
+
+private:
+    //! Copy constructor is not permitted.
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) /* = delete */;
+    //! Copy assignment operator is not permitted.
+    MemoryPoolAllocator& operator=(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) /* = delete */;
+
+    //! Creates a new chunk.
+    /*! \param capacity Capacity of the chunk in bytes.
+        \return true if success.
+    */
+    bool AddChunk(size_t capacity) {
+        if (!baseAllocator_)
+            ownBaseAllocator_ = baseAllocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(BaseAllocator());
+        if (ChunkHeader* chunk = reinterpret_cast<ChunkHeader*>(baseAllocator_->Malloc(RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(ChunkHeader)) + capacity))) {
+            chunk->capacity = capacity;
+            chunk->size = 0;
+            chunk->next = chunkHead_;
+            chunkHead_ =  chunk;
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    static const int kDefaultChunkCapacity = 64 * 1024; //!< Default chunk capacity.
+
+    //! Chunk header for perpending to each chunk.
+    /*! Chunks are stored as a singly linked list.
+    */
+    struct ChunkHeader {
+        size_t capacity;    //!< Capacity of the chunk in bytes (excluding the header itself).
+        size_t size;        //!< Current size of allocated memory in bytes.
+        ChunkHeader *next;  //!< Next chunk in the linked list.
+    };
+
+    ChunkHeader *chunkHead_;    //!< Head of the chunk linked-list. Only the head chunk serves allocation.
+    size_t chunk_capacity_;     //!< The minimum capacity of chunk when they are allocated.
+    void *userBuffer_;          //!< User supplied buffer.
+    BaseAllocator* baseAllocator_;  //!< base allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    BaseAllocator* ownBaseAllocator_;   //!< base allocator created by this object.
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/document.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/document.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e3e20dfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/document.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2575 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_
+
+/*! \file document.h */
+
+#include "reader.h"
+#include "internal/meta.h"
+#include "internal/strfunc.h"
+#include "memorystream.h"
+#include "encodedstream.h"
+#include <new>      // placement new
+#include <limits>
+
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4244) // conversion from kXxxFlags to 'uint16_t', possible loss of data
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#if __GNUC__ >= 6
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(terminate) // ignore throwing RAPIDJSON_ASSERT in RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT functions
+#endif
+#endif // __GNUC__
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+#include <iterator> // std::iterator, std::random_access_iterator_tag
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+#include <utility> // std::move
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+// Forward declaration.
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericValue;
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator, typename StackAllocator>
+class GenericDocument;
+
+//! Name-value pair in a JSON object value.
+/*!
+    This class was internal to GenericValue. It used to be a inner struct.
+    But a compiler (IBM XL C/C++ for AIX) have reported to have problem with that so it moved as a namespace scope struct.
+    https://code.google.com/p/rapidjson/issues/detail?id=64
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator> 
+struct GenericMember { 
+    GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> name;     //!< name of member (must be a string)
+    GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> value;    //!< value of member.
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericMemberIterator
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+//! (Constant) member iterator for a JSON object value
+/*!
+    \tparam Const Is this a constant iterator?
+    \tparam Encoding    Encoding of the value. (Even non-string values need to have the same encoding in a document)
+    \tparam Allocator   Allocator type for allocating memory of object, array and string.
+
+    This class implements a Random Access Iterator for GenericMember elements
+    of a GenericValue, see ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E) C++ standard, 24.1 [lib.iterator.requirements].
+
+    \note This iterator implementation is mainly intended to avoid implicit
+        conversions from iterator values to \c NULL,
+        e.g. from GenericValue::FindMember.
+
+    \note Define \c RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS to fall back to a
+        pointer-based implementation, if your platform doesn't provide
+        the C++ <iterator> header.
+
+    \see GenericMember, GenericValue::MemberIterator, GenericValue::ConstMemberIterator
+ */
+template <bool Const, typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag
+        , typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator> >::Type> {
+
+    friend class GenericValue<Encoding,Allocator>;
+    template <bool, typename, typename> friend class GenericMemberIterator;
+
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator> PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+    typedef std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag,ValueType> BaseType;
+
+public:
+    //! Iterator type itself
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator Iterator;
+    //! Constant iterator type
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator>  ConstIterator;
+    //! Non-constant iterator type
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator> NonConstIterator;
+
+    //! Pointer to (const) GenericMember
+    typedef typename BaseType::pointer         Pointer;
+    //! Reference to (const) GenericMember
+    typedef typename BaseType::reference       Reference;
+    //! Signed integer type (e.g. \c ptrdiff_t)
+    typedef typename BaseType::difference_type DifferenceType;
+
+    //! Default constructor (singular value)
+    /*! Creates an iterator pointing to no element.
+        \note All operations, except for comparisons, are undefined on such values.
+     */
+    GenericMemberIterator() : ptr_() {}
+
+    //! Iterator conversions to more const
+    /*!
+        \param it (Non-const) iterator to copy from
+
+        Allows the creation of an iterator from another GenericMemberIterator
+        that is "less const".  Especially, creating a non-constant iterator
+        from a constant iterator are disabled:
+        \li const -> non-const (not ok)
+        \li const -> const (ok)
+        \li non-const -> const (ok)
+        \li non-const -> non-const (ok)
+
+        \note If the \c Const template parameter is already \c false, this
+            constructor effectively defines a regular copy-constructor.
+            Otherwise, the copy constructor is implicitly defined.
+    */
+    GenericMemberIterator(const NonConstIterator & it) : ptr_(it.ptr_) {}
+    Iterator& operator=(const NonConstIterator & it) { ptr_ = it.ptr_; return *this; }
+
+    //! @name stepping
+    //@{
+    Iterator& operator++(){ ++ptr_; return *this; }
+    Iterator& operator--(){ --ptr_; return *this; }
+    Iterator  operator++(int){ Iterator old(*this); ++ptr_; return old; }
+    Iterator  operator--(int){ Iterator old(*this); --ptr_; return old; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name increment/decrement
+    //@{
+    Iterator operator+(DifferenceType n) const { return Iterator(ptr_+n); }
+    Iterator operator-(DifferenceType n) const { return Iterator(ptr_-n); }
+
+    Iterator& operator+=(DifferenceType n) { ptr_+=n; return *this; }
+    Iterator& operator-=(DifferenceType n) { ptr_-=n; return *this; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name relations
+    //@{
+    bool operator==(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ == that.ptr_; }
+    bool operator!=(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ != that.ptr_; }
+    bool operator<=(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ <= that.ptr_; }
+    bool operator>=(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ >= that.ptr_; }
+    bool operator< (ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ < that.ptr_; }
+    bool operator> (ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ > that.ptr_; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name dereference
+    //@{
+    Reference operator*() const { return *ptr_; }
+    Pointer   operator->() const { return ptr_; }
+    Reference operator[](DifferenceType n) const { return ptr_[n]; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! Distance
+    DifferenceType operator-(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_-that.ptr_; }
+
+private:
+    //! Internal constructor from plain pointer
+    explicit GenericMemberIterator(Pointer p) : ptr_(p) {}
+
+    Pointer ptr_; //!< raw pointer
+};
+
+#else // RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+// class-based member iterator implementation disabled, use plain pointers
+
+template <bool Const, typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+struct GenericMemberIterator;
+
+//! non-const GenericMemberIterator
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+struct GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator> {
+    //! use plain pointer as iterator type
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator>* Iterator;
+};
+//! const GenericMemberIterator
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+struct GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator> {
+    //! use plain const pointer as iterator type
+    typedef const GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator>* Iterator;
+};
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericStringRef
+
+//! Reference to a constant string (not taking a copy)
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+
+    This helper class is used to automatically infer constant string
+    references for string literals, especially from \c const \b (!)
+    character arrays.
+
+    The main use is for creating JSON string values without copying the
+    source string via an \ref Allocator.  This requires that the referenced
+    string pointers have a sufficient lifetime, which exceeds the lifetime
+    of the associated GenericValue.
+
+    \b Example
+    \code
+    Value v("foo");   // ok, no need to copy & calculate length
+    const char foo[] = "foo";
+    v.SetString(foo); // ok
+
+    const char* bar = foo;
+    // Value x(bar); // not ok, can't rely on bar's lifetime
+    Value x(StringRef(bar)); // lifetime explicitly guaranteed by user
+    Value y(StringRef(bar, 3));  // ok, explicitly pass length
+    \endcode
+
+    \see StringRef, GenericValue::SetString
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+struct GenericStringRef {
+    typedef CharType Ch; //!< character type of the string
+
+    //! Create string reference from \c const character array
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*!
+        This constructor implicitly creates a constant string reference from
+        a \c const character array.  It has better performance than
+        \ref StringRef(const CharType*) by inferring the string \ref length
+        from the array length, and also supports strings containing null
+        characters.
+
+        \tparam N length of the string, automatically inferred
+
+        \param str Constant character array, lifetime assumed to be longer
+            than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+
+        \post \ref s == str
+
+        \note Constant complexity.
+        \note There is a hidden, private overload to disallow references to
+            non-const character arrays to be created via this constructor.
+            By this, e.g. function-scope arrays used to be filled via
+            \c snprintf are excluded from consideration.
+            In such cases, the referenced string should be \b copied to the
+            GenericValue instead.
+     */
+#endif
+    template<SizeType N>
+    GenericStringRef(const CharType (&str)[N]) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+        : s(str), length(N-1) {}
+
+    //! Explicitly create string reference from \c const character pointer
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*!
+        This constructor can be used to \b explicitly  create a reference to
+        a constant string pointer.
+
+        \see StringRef(const CharType*)
+
+        \param str Constant character pointer, lifetime assumed to be longer
+            than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+
+        \post \ref s == str
+
+        \note There is a hidden, private overload to disallow references to
+            non-const character arrays to be created via this constructor.
+            By this, e.g. function-scope arrays used to be filled via
+            \c snprintf are excluded from consideration.
+            In such cases, the referenced string should be \b copied to the
+            GenericValue instead.
+     */
+#endif
+    explicit GenericStringRef(const CharType* str)
+        : s(str), length(internal::StrLen(str)){ RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(s != 0); }
+
+    //! Create constant string reference from pointer and length
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*! \param str constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+        \param len length of the string, excluding the trailing NULL terminator
+
+        \post \ref s == str && \ref length == len
+        \note Constant complexity.
+     */
+#endif
+    GenericStringRef(const CharType* str, SizeType len)
+        : s(str), length(len) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(s != 0); }
+
+    GenericStringRef(const GenericStringRef& rhs) : s(rhs.s), length(rhs.length) {}
+
+    GenericStringRef& operator=(const GenericStringRef& rhs) { s = rhs.s; length = rhs.length; }
+
+    //! implicit conversion to plain CharType pointer
+    operator const Ch *() const { return s; }
+
+    const Ch* const s; //!< plain CharType pointer
+    const SizeType length; //!< length of the string (excluding the trailing NULL terminator)
+
+private:
+    //! Disallow construction from non-const array
+    template<SizeType N>
+    GenericStringRef(CharType (&str)[N]) /* = delete */;
+};
+
+//! Mark a character pointer as constant string
+/*! Mark a plain character pointer as a "string literal".  This function
+    can be used to avoid copying a character string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+    \tparam CharType Character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+
+    \see GenericValue::GenericValue(StringRefType), GenericValue::operator=(StringRefType), GenericValue::SetString(StringRefType), GenericValue::PushBack(StringRefType, Allocator&), GenericValue::AddMember
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const CharType* str) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str, internal::StrLen(str));
+}
+
+//! Mark a character pointer as constant string
+/*! Mark a plain character pointer as a "string literal".  This function
+    can be used to avoid copying a character string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+
+    This version has better performance with supplied length, and also
+    supports string containing null characters.
+
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \param length The length of source string.
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const CharType* str, size_t length) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str, SizeType(length));
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+//! Mark a string object as constant string
+/*! Mark a string object (e.g. \c std::string) as a "string literal".
+    This function can be used to avoid copying a string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+    \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const std::basic_string<CharType>& str) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+}
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericValue type traits
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename T, typename Encoding = void, typename Allocator = void>
+struct IsGenericValueImpl : FalseType {};
+
+// select candidates according to nested encoding and allocator types
+template <typename T> struct IsGenericValueImpl<T, typename Void<typename T::EncodingType>::Type, typename Void<typename T::AllocatorType>::Type>
+    : IsBaseOf<GenericValue<typename T::EncodingType, typename T::AllocatorType>, T>::Type {};
+
+// helper to match arbitrary GenericValue instantiations, including derived classes
+template <typename T> struct IsGenericValue : IsGenericValueImpl<T>::Type {};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TypeHelper
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename ValueType, typename T>
+struct TypeHelper {};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, bool> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsBool(); }
+    static bool Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetBool(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, bool data) { return v.SetBool(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, bool data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetBool(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, int> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsInt(); }
+    static int Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetInt(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int data) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, unsigned> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsUint(); }
+    static unsigned Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetUint(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned data) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, int64_t> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsInt64(); }
+    static int64_t Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetInt64(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int64_t data) { return v.SetInt64(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int64_t data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetInt64(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, uint64_t> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsUint64(); }
+    static uint64_t Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetUint64(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, uint64_t data) { return v.SetUint64(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, uint64_t data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetUint64(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, double> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsDouble(); }
+    static double Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetDouble(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, double data) { return v.SetDouble(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, double data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetDouble(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, float> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsFloat(); }
+    static float Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetFloat(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, float data) { return v.SetFloat(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, float data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetFloat(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, const typename ValueType::Ch*> {
+    typedef const typename ValueType::Ch* StringType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsString(); }
+    static StringType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetString(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType data) { return v.SetString(typename ValueType::StringRefType(data)); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& a) { return v.SetString(data, a); }
+};
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, std::basic_string<typename ValueType::Ch> > {
+    typedef std::basic_string<typename ValueType::Ch> StringType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsString(); }
+    static StringType Get(const ValueType& v) { return StringType(v.GetString(), v.GetStringLength()); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType& data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& a) { return v.SetString(data, a); }
+};
+#endif
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::Array> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::Array ArrayType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsArray(); }
+    static ArrayType Get(ValueType& v) { return v.GetArray(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ArrayType data) { return v = data; }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ArrayType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v = data; }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::ConstArray> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::ConstArray ArrayType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsArray(); }
+    static ArrayType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetArray(); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::Object> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::Object ObjectType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsObject(); }
+    static ObjectType Get(ValueType& v) { return v.GetObject(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ObjectType data) { return v = data; }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ObjectType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { v = data; }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::ConstObject> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::ConstObject ObjectType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsObject(); }
+    static ObjectType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetObject(); }
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+// Forward declarations
+template <bool, typename> class GenericArray;
+template <bool, typename> class GenericObject;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericValue
+
+//! Represents a JSON value. Use Value for UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+/*!
+    A JSON value can be one of 7 types. This class is a variant type supporting
+    these types.
+
+    Use the Value if UTF8 and default allocator
+
+    \tparam Encoding    Encoding of the value. (Even non-string values need to have the same encoding in a document)
+    \tparam Allocator   Allocator type for allocating memory of object, array and string.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = MemoryPoolAllocator<> > 
+class GenericValue {
+public:
+    //! Name-value pair in an object.
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding, Allocator> Member;
+    typedef Encoding EncodingType;                  //!< Encoding type from template parameter.
+    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;                //!< Allocator type from template parameter.
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;               //!< Character type derived from Encoding.
+    typedef GenericStringRef<Ch> StringRefType;     //!< Reference to a constant string
+    typedef typename GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator>::Iterator MemberIterator;  //!< Member iterator for iterating in object.
+    typedef typename GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator>::Iterator ConstMemberIterator;  //!< Constant member iterator for iterating in object.
+    typedef GenericValue* ValueIterator;            //!< Value iterator for iterating in array.
+    typedef const GenericValue* ConstValueIterator; //!< Constant value iterator for iterating in array.
+    typedef GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> ValueType;    //!< Value type of itself.
+    typedef GenericArray<false, ValueType> Array;
+    typedef GenericArray<true, ValueType> ConstArray;
+    typedef GenericObject<false, ValueType> Object;
+    typedef GenericObject<true, ValueType> ConstObject;
+
+    //!@name Constructors and destructor.
+    //@{
+
+    //! Default constructor creates a null value.
+    GenericValue() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { data_.f.flags = kNullFlag; }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericValue(GenericValue&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(rhs.data_) {
+        rhs.data_.f.flags = kNullFlag; // give up contents
+    }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    //! Copy constructor is not permitted.
+    GenericValue(const GenericValue& rhs);
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Moving from a GenericDocument is not permitted.
+    template <typename StackAllocator>
+    GenericValue(GenericDocument<Encoding,Allocator,StackAllocator>&& rhs);
+
+    //! Move assignment from a GenericDocument is not permitted.
+    template <typename StackAllocator>
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericDocument<Encoding,Allocator,StackAllocator>&& rhs);
+#endif
+
+public:
+
+    //! Constructor with JSON value type.
+    /*! This creates a Value of specified type with default content.
+        \param type Type of the value.
+        \note Default content for number is zero.
+    */
+    explicit GenericValue(Type type) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        static const uint16_t defaultFlags[7] = {
+            kNullFlag, kFalseFlag, kTrueFlag, kObjectFlag, kArrayFlag, kShortStringFlag,
+            kNumberAnyFlag
+        };
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type <= kNumberType);
+        data_.f.flags = defaultFlags[type];
+
+        // Use ShortString to store empty string.
+        if (type == kStringType)
+            data_.ss.SetLength(0);
+    }
+
+    //! Explicit copy constructor (with allocator)
+    /*! Creates a copy of a Value by using the given Allocator
+        \tparam SourceAllocator allocator of \c rhs
+        \param rhs Value to copy from (read-only)
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied elements and buffers. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \see CopyFrom()
+    */
+    template< typename SourceAllocator >
+    GenericValue(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator & allocator);
+
+    //! Constructor for boolean value.
+    /*! \param b Boolean value
+        \note This constructor is limited to \em real boolean values and rejects
+            implicitly converted types like arbitrary pointers.  Use an explicit cast
+            to \c bool, if you want to construct a boolean JSON value in such cases.
+     */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING // hide SFINAE from Doxygen
+    template <typename T>
+    explicit GenericValue(T b, RAPIDJSON_ENABLEIF((internal::IsSame<bool, T>))) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT  // See #472
+#else
+    explicit GenericValue(bool b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+#endif
+        : data_() {
+            // safe-guard against failing SFINAE
+            RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT((internal::IsSame<bool,T>::Value));
+            data_.f.flags = b ? kTrueFlag : kFalseFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for int value.
+    explicit GenericValue(int i) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.i64 = i;
+        data_.f.flags = (i >= 0) ? (kNumberIntFlag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag) : kNumberIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for unsigned value.
+    explicit GenericValue(unsigned u) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.u64 = u; 
+        data_.f.flags = (u & 0x80000000) ? kNumberUintFlag : (kNumberUintFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag);
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for int64_t value.
+    explicit GenericValue(int64_t i64) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.i64 = i64;
+        data_.f.flags = kNumberInt64Flag;
+        if (i64 >= 0) {
+            data_.f.flags |= kNumberUint64Flag;
+            if (!(static_cast<uint64_t>(i64) & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x00000000)))
+                data_.f.flags |= kUintFlag;
+            if (!(static_cast<uint64_t>(i64) & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+                data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+        }
+        else if (i64 >= static_cast<int64_t>(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for uint64_t value.
+    explicit GenericValue(uint64_t u64) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.u64 = u64;
+        data_.f.flags = kNumberUint64Flag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x80000000, 0x00000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kInt64Flag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x00000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kUintFlag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for double value.
+    explicit GenericValue(double d) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { data_.n.d = d; data_.f.flags = kNumberDoubleFlag; }
+
+    //! Constructor for constant string (i.e. do not make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch* s, SizeType length) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s, length)); }
+
+    //! Constructor for constant string (i.e. do not make a copy of string)
+    explicit GenericValue(StringRefType s) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { SetStringRaw(s); }
+
+    //! Constructor for copy-string (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch* s, SizeType length, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s, length), allocator); }
+
+    //! Constructor for copy-string (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch*s, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Constructor for copy-string from a string object (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    /*! \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+     */
+    GenericValue(const std::basic_string<Ch>& s, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Constructor for Array.
+    /*!
+        \param a An array obtained by \c GetArray().
+        \note \c Array is always pass-by-value.
+        \note the source array is moved into this value and the sourec array becomes empty.
+    */
+    GenericValue(Array a) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(a.value_.data_) {
+        a.value_.data_ = Data();
+        a.value_.data_.f.flags = kArrayFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for Object.
+    /*!
+        \param o An object obtained by \c GetObject().
+        \note \c Object is always pass-by-value.
+        \note the source object is moved into this value and the sourec object becomes empty.
+    */
+    GenericValue(Object o) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(o.value_.data_) {
+        o.value_.data_ = Data();
+        o.value_.data_.f.flags = kObjectFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    /*! Need to destruct elements of array, members of object, or copy-string.
+    */
+    ~GenericValue() {
+        if (Allocator::kNeedFree) { // Shortcut by Allocator's trait
+            switch(data_.f.flags) {
+            case kArrayFlag:
+                {
+                    GenericValue* e = GetElementsPointer();
+                    for (GenericValue* v = e; v != e + data_.a.size; ++v)
+                        v->~GenericValue();
+                    Allocator::Free(e);
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case kObjectFlag:
+                for (MemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m)
+                    m->~Member();
+                Allocator::Free(GetMembersPointer());
+                break;
+
+            case kCopyStringFlag:
+                Allocator::Free(const_cast<Ch*>(GetStringPointer()));
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                break;  // Do nothing for other types.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Assignment operators
+    //@{
+
+    //! Assignment with move semantics.
+    /*! \param rhs Source of the assignment. It will become a null value after assignment.
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericValue& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(this != &rhs);
+        this->~GenericValue();
+        RawAssign(rhs);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move assignment in C++11
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericValue&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return *this = rhs.Move();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Assignment of constant string reference (no copy)
+    /*! \param str Constant string reference to be assigned
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type assignment overload below.
+        \see GenericStringRef, operator=(T)
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator=(StringRefType str) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        GenericValue s(str);
+        return *this = s;
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment with primitive types.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param value The value to be assigned.
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref SetString(const Ch*, Allocator&) (for copying) or
+            \ref StringRef() (to explicitly mark the pointer as constant) instead.
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use \ref SetBool() instead.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsPointer<T>), (GenericValue&))
+    operator=(T value) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return *this = v;
+    }
+
+    //! Deep-copy assignment from Value
+    /*! Assigns a \b copy of the Value to the current Value object
+        \tparam SourceAllocator Allocator type of \c rhs
+        \param rhs Value to copy from (read-only)
+        \param allocator Allocator to use for copying
+     */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    GenericValue& CopyFrom(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator& allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(static_cast<void*>(this) != static_cast<void const*>(&rhs));
+        this->~GenericValue();
+        new (this) GenericValue(rhs, allocator);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Exchange the contents of this value with those of other.
+    /*!
+        \param other Another value.
+        \note Constant complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& Swap(GenericValue& other) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        GenericValue temp;
+        temp.RawAssign(*this);
+        RawAssign(other);
+        other.RawAssign(temp);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! free-standing swap function helper
+    /*!
+        Helper function to enable support for common swap implementation pattern based on \c std::swap:
+        \code
+        void swap(MyClass& a, MyClass& b) {
+            using std::swap;
+            swap(a.value, b.value);
+            // ...
+        }
+        \endcode
+        \see Swap()
+     */
+    friend inline void swap(GenericValue& a, GenericValue& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { a.Swap(b); }
+
+    //! Prepare Value for move semantics
+    /*! \return *this */
+    GenericValue& Move() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { return *this; }
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Equal-to and not-equal-to operators
+    //@{
+    //! Equal-to operator
+    /*!
+        \note If an object contains duplicated named member, comparing equality with any object is always \c false.
+        \note Linear time complexity (number of all values in the subtree and total lengths of all strings).
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool operator==(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const {
+        typedef GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator> RhsType;
+        if (GetType() != rhs.GetType())
+            return false;
+
+        switch (GetType()) {
+        case kObjectType: // Warning: O(n^2) inner-loop
+            if (data_.o.size != rhs.data_.o.size)
+                return false;           
+            for (ConstMemberIterator lhsMemberItr = MemberBegin(); lhsMemberItr != MemberEnd(); ++lhsMemberItr) {
+                typename RhsType::ConstMemberIterator rhsMemberItr = rhs.FindMember(lhsMemberItr->name);
+                if (rhsMemberItr == rhs.MemberEnd() || lhsMemberItr->value != rhsMemberItr->value)
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+            
+        case kArrayType:
+            if (data_.a.size != rhs.data_.a.size)
+                return false;
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < data_.a.size; i++)
+                if ((*this)[i] != rhs[i])
+                    return false;
+            return true;
+
+        case kStringType:
+            return StringEqual(rhs);
+
+        case kNumberType:
+            if (IsDouble() || rhs.IsDouble()) {
+                double a = GetDouble();     // May convert from integer to double.
+                double b = rhs.GetDouble(); // Ditto
+                return a >= b && a <= b;    // Prevent -Wfloat-equal
+            }
+            else
+                return data_.n.u64 == rhs.data_.n.u64;
+
+        default:
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //! Equal-to operator with const C-string pointer
+    bool operator==(const Ch* rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(StringRef(rhs)); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Equal-to operator with string object
+    /*! \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+     */
+    bool operator==(const std::basic_string<Ch>& rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(StringRef(rhs)); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Equal-to operator with primitive types
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c double, \c true, \c false
+    */
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>,internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (bool)) operator==(const T& rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(rhs); }
+
+    //! Not-equal-to operator
+    /*! \return !(*this == rhs)
+     */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool operator!=(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Not-equal-to operator with const C-string pointer
+    bool operator!=(const Ch* rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Not-equal-to operator with arbitrary types
+    /*! \return !(*this == rhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator!=(const T& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Equal-to operator with arbitrary types (symmetric version)
+    /*! \return (rhs == lhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> friend RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator==(const T& lhs, const GenericValue& rhs) { return rhs == lhs; }
+
+    //! Not-Equal-to operator with arbitrary types (symmetric version)
+    /*! \return !(rhs == lhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> friend RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator!=(const T& lhs, const GenericValue& rhs) { return !(rhs == lhs); }
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Type
+    //@{
+
+    Type GetType()  const { return static_cast<Type>(data_.f.flags & kTypeMask); }
+    bool IsNull()   const { return data_.f.flags == kNullFlag; }
+    bool IsFalse()  const { return data_.f.flags == kFalseFlag; }
+    bool IsTrue()   const { return data_.f.flags == kTrueFlag; }
+    bool IsBool()   const { return (data_.f.flags & kBoolFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsObject() const { return data_.f.flags == kObjectFlag; }
+    bool IsArray()  const { return data_.f.flags == kArrayFlag; }
+    bool IsNumber() const { return (data_.f.flags & kNumberFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsInt()    const { return (data_.f.flags & kIntFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsUint()   const { return (data_.f.flags & kUintFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsInt64()  const { return (data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag) != 0; }
+    bool IsUint64() const { return (data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag) != 0; }
+    bool IsDouble() const { return (data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsString() const { return (data_.f.flags & kStringFlag) != 0; }
+
+    // Checks whether a number can be losslessly converted to a double.
+    bool IsLosslessDouble() const {
+        if (!IsNumber()) return false;
+        if (IsUint64()) {
+            uint64_t u = GetUint64();
+            volatile double d = static_cast<double>(u);
+            return (d >= 0.0)
+                && (d < static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()))
+                && (u == static_cast<uint64_t>(d));
+        }
+        if (IsInt64()) {
+            int64_t i = GetInt64();
+            volatile double d = static_cast<double>(i);
+            return (d >= static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min()))
+                && (d < static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max()))
+                && (i == static_cast<int64_t>(d));
+        }
+        return true; // double, int, uint are always lossless
+    }
+
+    // Checks whether a number is a float (possible lossy).
+    bool IsFloat() const  {
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) == 0)
+            return false;
+        double d = GetDouble();
+        return d >= -3.4028234e38 && d <= 3.4028234e38;
+    }
+    // Checks whether a number can be losslessly converted to a float.
+    bool IsLosslessFloat() const {
+        if (!IsNumber()) return false;
+        double a = GetDouble();
+        if (a < static_cast<double>(-std::numeric_limits<float>::max())
+                || a > static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::max()))
+            return false;
+        double b = static_cast<double>(static_cast<float>(a));
+        return a >= b && a <= b;    // Prevent -Wfloat-equal
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Null
+    //@{
+
+    GenericValue& SetNull() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(); return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Bool
+    //@{
+
+    bool GetBool() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsBool()); return data_.f.flags == kTrueFlag; }
+    //!< Set boolean value
+    /*! \post IsBool() == true */
+    GenericValue& SetBool(bool b) { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(b); return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Object
+    //@{
+
+    //! Set this value as an empty object.
+    /*! \post IsObject() == true */
+    GenericValue& SetObject() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(kObjectType); return *this; }
+
+    //! Get the number of members in the object.
+    SizeType MemberCount() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return data_.o.size; }
+
+    //! Check whether the object is empty.
+    bool ObjectEmpty() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return data_.o.size == 0; }
+
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with the name.
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true
+        \tparam T Either \c Ch or \c const \c Ch (template used for disambiguation with \ref operator[](SizeType))
+        \note In version 0.1x, if the member is not found, this function returns a null value. This makes issue 7.
+        Since 0.2, if the name is not correct, it will assert.
+        If user is unsure whether a member exists, user should use HasMember() first.
+        A better approach is to use FindMember().
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::NotExpr<internal::IsSame<typename internal::RemoveConst<T>::Type, Ch> >),(GenericValue&)) operator[](T* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return (*this)[n];
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::NotExpr<internal::IsSame<typename internal::RemoveConst<T>::Type, Ch> >),(const GenericValue&)) operator[](T* name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[name]; }
+
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with the name.
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true
+        \tparam SourceAllocator Allocator of the \c name value
+
+        \note Compared to \ref operator[](T*), this version is faster because it does not need a StrLen().
+        And it can also handle strings with embedded null characters.
+
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    GenericValue& operator[](const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator member = FindMember(name);
+        if (member != MemberEnd())
+            return member->value;
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false);    // see above note
+
+            // This will generate -Wexit-time-destructors in clang
+            // static GenericValue NullValue;
+            // return NullValue;
+
+            // Use static buffer and placement-new to prevent destruction
+            static char buffer[sizeof(GenericValue)];
+            return *new (buffer) GenericValue();
+        }
+    }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    const GenericValue& operator[](const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[name]; }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with name (string object).
+    GenericValue& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return (*this)[GenericValue(StringRef(name))]; }
+    const GenericValue& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return (*this)[GenericValue(StringRef(name))]; }
+#endif
+
+    //! Const member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    ConstMemberIterator MemberBegin() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstMemberIterator(GetMembersPointer()); }
+    //! Const \em past-the-end member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    ConstMemberIterator MemberEnd() const   { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstMemberIterator(GetMembersPointer() + data_.o.size); }
+    //! Member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    MemberIterator MemberBegin()            { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return MemberIterator(GetMembersPointer()); }
+    //! \em Past-the-end member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    MemberIterator MemberEnd()              { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return MemberIterator(GetMembersPointer() + data_.o.size); }
+
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool HasMember(const Ch* name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object with string object.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool HasMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object with GenericValue name.
+    /*!
+        This version is faster because it does not need a StrLen(). It can also handle string with null character.
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool HasMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+
+    //! Find member by name.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+
+        \note Earlier versions of Rapidjson returned a \c NULL pointer, in case
+            the requested member doesn't exist. For consistency with e.g.
+            \c std::map, this has been changed to MemberEnd() now.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return FindMember(n);
+    }
+
+    ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).FindMember(name); }
+
+    //! Find member by name.
+    /*!
+        This version is faster because it does not need a StrLen(). It can also handle string with null character.
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+
+        \note Earlier versions of Rapidjson returned a \c NULL pointer, in case
+            the requested member doesn't exist. For consistency with e.g.
+            \c std::map, this has been changed to MemberEnd() now.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(name.IsString());
+        MemberIterator member = MemberBegin();
+        for ( ; member != MemberEnd(); ++member)
+            if (name.StringEqual(member->name))
+                break;
+        return member;
+    }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).FindMember(name); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Find member by string object name.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+    */
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return FindMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+    ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return FindMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Add a member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value Value of any type.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c name and \c value will be transferred to this object on success.
+        \pre  IsObject() && name.IsString()
+        \post name.IsNull() && value.IsNull()
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(name.IsString());
+
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        if (o.size >= o.capacity) {
+            if (o.capacity == 0) {
+                o.capacity = kDefaultObjectCapacity;
+                SetMembersPointer(reinterpret_cast<Member*>(allocator.Malloc(o.capacity * sizeof(Member))));
+            }
+            else {
+                SizeType oldCapacity = o.capacity;
+                o.capacity += (oldCapacity + 1) / 2; // grow by factor 1.5
+                SetMembersPointer(reinterpret_cast<Member*>(allocator.Realloc(GetMembersPointer(), oldCapacity * sizeof(Member), o.capacity * sizeof(Member))));
+            }
+        }
+        Member* members = GetMembersPointer();
+        members[o.size].name.RawAssign(name);
+        members[o.size].value.RawAssign(value);
+        o.size++;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Add a constant string value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(GenericValue&,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Add a string object as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(GenericValue&,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, std::basic_string<Ch>& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value, allocator);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Add any primitive value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value Value of primitive type \c T as value of member
+        \param allocator Allocator for reallocating memory. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref AddMember(StringRefType, GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            AddMember(StringRefType, StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    AddMember(GenericValue& name, T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue&& name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue&& name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+
+
+    //! Add a member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value Value of any type.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c value will be transferred to this object on success.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \post value.IsNull()
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Add a constant string value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(StringRefType,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Add any primitive value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value Value of primitive type \c T as value of member
+        \param allocator Allocator for reallocating memory. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref AddMember(StringRefType, GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            AddMember(StringRefType, StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    AddMember(StringRefType name, T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove all members in the object.
+    /*! This function do not deallocate memory in the object, i.e. the capacity is unchanged.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    void RemoveAllMembers() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); 
+        for (MemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m)
+            m->~Member();
+        data_.o.size = 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member in object by its name.
+    /*! \param name Name of member to be removed.
+        \return Whether the member existed.
+        \note This function may reorder the object members. Use \ref
+            EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator) if you need to preserve the
+            relative order of the remaining members.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool RemoveMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return RemoveMember(n);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool RemoveMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return RemoveMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool RemoveMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator m = FindMember(name);
+        if (m != MemberEnd()) {
+            RemoveMember(m);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member in object by iterator.
+    /*! \param m member iterator (obtained by FindMember() or MemberBegin()).
+        \return the new iterator after removal.
+        \note This function may reorder the object members. Use \ref
+            EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator) if you need to preserve the
+            relative order of the remaining members.
+        \note Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator RemoveMember(MemberIterator m) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.o.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetMembersPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(m >= MemberBegin() && m < MemberEnd());
+
+        MemberIterator last(GetMembersPointer() + (data_.o.size - 1));
+        if (data_.o.size > 1 && m != last)
+            *m = *last; // Move the last one to this place
+        else
+            m->~Member(); // Only one left, just destroy
+        --data_.o.size;
+        return m;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member from an object by iterator.
+    /*! \param pos iterator to the member to remove
+        \pre IsObject() == true && \ref MemberBegin() <= \c pos < \ref MemberEnd()
+        \return Iterator following the removed element.
+            If the iterator \c pos refers to the last element, the \ref MemberEnd() iterator is returned.
+        \note This function preserves the relative order of the remaining object
+            members. If you do not need this, use the more efficient \ref RemoveMember(MemberIterator).
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator pos) {
+        return EraseMember(pos, pos +1);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove members in the range [first, last) from an object.
+    /*! \param first iterator to the first member to remove
+        \param last  iterator following the last member to remove
+        \pre IsObject() == true && \ref MemberBegin() <= \c first <= \c last <= \ref MemberEnd()
+        \return Iterator following the last removed element.
+        \note This function preserves the relative order of the remaining object
+            members.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator first, ConstMemberIterator last) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.o.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetMembersPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first >= MemberBegin());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first <= last);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(last <= MemberEnd());
+
+        MemberIterator pos = MemberBegin() + (first - MemberBegin());
+        for (MemberIterator itr = pos; itr != last; ++itr)
+            itr->~Member();
+        std::memmove(&*pos, &*last, static_cast<size_t>(MemberEnd() - last) * sizeof(Member));
+        data_.o.size -= static_cast<SizeType>(last - first);
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    //! Erase a member in object by its name.
+    /*! \param name Name of member to be removed.
+        \return Whether the member existed.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool EraseMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return EraseMember(n);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool EraseMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return EraseMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool EraseMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator m = FindMember(name);
+        if (m != MemberEnd()) {
+            EraseMember(m);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    Object GetObject() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return Object(*this); }
+    ConstObject GetObject() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstObject(*this); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Array
+    //@{
+
+    //! Set this value as an empty array.
+    /*! \post IsArray == true */
+    GenericValue& SetArray() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(kArrayType); return *this; }
+
+    //! Get the number of elements in array.
+    SizeType Size() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.size; }
+
+    //! Get the capacity of array.
+    SizeType Capacity() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.capacity; }
+
+    //! Check whether the array is empty.
+    bool Empty() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.size == 0; }
+
+    //! Remove all elements in the array.
+    /*! This function do not deallocate memory in the array, i.e. the capacity is unchanged.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    void Clear() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); 
+        GenericValue* e = GetElementsPointer();
+        for (GenericValue* v = e; v != e + data_.a.size; ++v)
+            v->~GenericValue();
+        data_.a.size = 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Get an element from array by index.
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true
+        \param index Zero-based index of element.
+        \see operator[](T*)
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator[](SizeType index) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < data_.a.size);
+        return GetElementsPointer()[index];
+    }
+    const GenericValue& operator[](SizeType index) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[index]; }
+
+    //! Element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ValueIterator Begin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return GetElementsPointer(); }
+    //! \em Past-the-end element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ValueIterator End() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return GetElementsPointer() + data_.a.size; }
+    //! Constant element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ConstValueIterator Begin() const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).Begin(); }
+    //! Constant \em past-the-end element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ConstValueIterator End() const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).End(); }
+
+    //! Request the array to have enough capacity to store elements.
+    /*! \param newCapacity  The capacity that the array at least need to have.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& Reserve(SizeType newCapacity, Allocator &allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        if (newCapacity > data_.a.capacity) {
+            SetElementsPointer(reinterpret_cast<GenericValue*>(allocator.Realloc(GetElementsPointer(), data_.a.capacity * sizeof(GenericValue), newCapacity * sizeof(GenericValue))));
+            data_.a.capacity = newCapacity;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Append a GenericValue at the end of the array.
+    /*! \param value        Value to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \post value.IsNull() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c value will be transferred to this array on success.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& PushBack(GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        if (data_.a.size >= data_.a.capacity)
+            Reserve(data_.a.capacity == 0 ? kDefaultArrayCapacity : (data_.a.capacity + (data_.a.capacity + 1) / 2), allocator);
+        GetElementsPointer()[data_.a.size++].RawAssign(value);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericValue& PushBack(GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return PushBack(value, allocator);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+
+    //! Append a constant string reference at the end of the array.
+    /*! \param value        Constant string reference to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one used previously. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+        \see GenericStringRef
+    */
+    GenericValue& PushBack(StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return (*this).template PushBack<StringRefType>(value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Append a primitive value at the end of the array.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param value Value of primitive type T to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref PushBack(GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            PushBack(StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    PushBack(T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return PushBack(v, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove the last element in the array.
+    /*!
+        \note Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& PopBack() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Empty());
+        GetElementsPointer()[--data_.a.size].~GenericValue();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove an element of array by iterator.
+    /*!
+        \param pos iterator to the element to remove
+        \pre IsArray() == true && \ref Begin() <= \c pos < \ref End()
+        \return Iterator following the removed element. If the iterator pos refers to the last element, the End() iterator is returned.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator pos) {
+        return Erase(pos, pos + 1);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove elements in the range [first, last) of the array.
+    /*!
+        \param first iterator to the first element to remove
+        \param last  iterator following the last element to remove
+        \pre IsArray() == true && \ref Begin() <= \c first <= \c last <= \ref End()
+        \return Iterator following the last removed element.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator first, ConstValueIterator last) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.a.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetElementsPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first >= Begin());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first <= last);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(last <= End());
+        ValueIterator pos = Begin() + (first - Begin());
+        for (ValueIterator itr = pos; itr != last; ++itr)
+            itr->~GenericValue();       
+        std::memmove(pos, last, static_cast<size_t>(End() - last) * sizeof(GenericValue));
+        data_.a.size -= static_cast<SizeType>(last - first);
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    Array GetArray() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return Array(*this); }
+    ConstArray GetArray() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return ConstArray(*this); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Number
+    //@{
+
+    int GetInt() const          { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kIntFlag);   return data_.n.i.i;   }
+    unsigned GetUint() const    { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kUintFlag);  return data_.n.u.u;   }
+    int64_t GetInt64() const    { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag); return data_.n.i64; }
+    uint64_t GetUint64() const  { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag); return data_.n.u64; }
+
+    //! Get the value as double type.
+    /*! \note If the value is 64-bit integer type, it may lose precision. Use \c IsLosslessDouble() to check whether the converison is lossless.
+    */
+    double GetDouble() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsNumber());
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) != 0)                return data_.n.d;   // exact type, no conversion.
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kIntFlag) != 0)                   return data_.n.i.i; // int -> double
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kUintFlag) != 0)                  return data_.n.u.u; // unsigned -> double
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag) != 0)                 return static_cast<double>(data_.n.i64); // int64_t -> double (may lose precision)
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT((data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag) != 0);  return static_cast<double>(data_.n.u64); // uint64_t -> double (may lose precision)
+    }
+
+    //! Get the value as float type.
+    /*! \note If the value is 64-bit integer type, it may lose precision. Use \c IsLosslessFloat() to check whether the converison is lossless.
+    */
+    float GetFloat() const {
+        return static_cast<float>(GetDouble());
+    }
+
+    GenericValue& SetInt(int i)             { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(i);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetUint(unsigned u)       { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(u);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetInt64(int64_t i64)     { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(i64);  return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetUint64(uint64_t u64)   { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(u64);  return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetDouble(double d)       { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(d);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetFloat(float f)         { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(f);    return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name String
+    //@{
+
+    const Ch* GetString() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString()); return (data_.f.flags & kInlineStrFlag) ? data_.ss.str : GetStringPointer(); }
+
+    //! Get the length of string.
+    /*! Since rapidjson permits "\\u0000" in the json string, strlen(v.GetString()) may not equal to v.GetStringLength().
+    */
+    SizeType GetStringLength() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString()); return ((data_.f.flags & kInlineStrFlag) ? (data_.ss.GetLength()) : data_.s.length); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string without copying source string.
+    /*! This version has better performance with supplied length, and also support string containing null character.
+        \param s source string pointer. 
+        \param length The length of source string, excluding the trailing null terminator.
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() == s && GetStringLength() == length
+        \see SetString(StringRefType)
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, SizeType length) { return SetString(StringRef(s, length)); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string without copying source string.
+    /*! \param s source string reference
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() == s && GetStringLength() == s.length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(StringRefType s) { this->~GenericValue(); SetStringRaw(s); return *this; }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! This version has better performance with supplied length, and also support string containing null character.
+        \param s source string. 
+        \param length The length of source string, excluding the trailing null terminator.
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s && strcmp(GetString(),s) == 0 && GetStringLength() == length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, SizeType length, Allocator& allocator) { this->~GenericValue(); SetStringRaw(StringRef(s, length), allocator); return *this; }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! \param s source string. 
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s && strcmp(GetString(),s) == 0 && GetStringLength() == length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, Allocator& allocator) { return SetString(s, internal::StrLen(s), allocator); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! \param s source string.
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s.data() && strcmp(GetString(),s.data() == 0 && GetStringLength() == s.size()
+        \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const std::basic_string<Ch>& s, Allocator& allocator) { return SetString(s.data(), SizeType(s.size()), allocator); }
+#endif
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Array
+    //@{
+
+    //! Templated version for checking whether this value is type T.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \c bool, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c double, \c float, \c const \c char*, \c std::basic_string<Ch>
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    bool Is() const { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Is(*this); }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T Get() const { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Get(*this); }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T Get() { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Get(*this); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    ValueType& Set(const T& data) { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Set(*this, data); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    ValueType& Set(const T& data, AllocatorType& allocator) { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Set(*this, data, allocator); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Generate events of this value to a Handler.
+    /*! This function adopts the GoF visitor pattern.
+        Typical usage is to output this JSON value as JSON text via Writer, which is a Handler.
+        It can also be used to deep clone this value via GenericDocument, which is also a Handler.
+        \tparam Handler type of handler.
+        \param handler An object implementing concept Handler.
+    */
+    template <typename Handler>
+    bool Accept(Handler& handler) const {
+        switch(GetType()) {
+        case kNullType:     return handler.Null();
+        case kFalseType:    return handler.Bool(false);
+        case kTrueType:     return handler.Bool(true);
+
+        case kObjectType:
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartObject()))
+                return false;
+            for (ConstMemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m) {
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(m->name.IsString()); // User may change the type of name by MemberIterator.
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Key(m->name.GetString(), m->name.GetStringLength(), (m->name.data_.f.flags & kCopyFlag) != 0)))
+                    return false;
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!m->value.Accept(handler)))
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return handler.EndObject(data_.o.size);
+
+        case kArrayType:
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartArray()))
+                return false;
+            for (const GenericValue* v = Begin(); v != End(); ++v)
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!v->Accept(handler)))
+                    return false;
+            return handler.EndArray(data_.a.size);
+    
+        case kStringType:
+            return handler.String(GetString(), GetStringLength(), (data_.f.flags & kCopyFlag) != 0);
+    
+        default:
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetType() == kNumberType);
+            if (IsDouble())         return handler.Double(data_.n.d);
+            else if (IsInt())       return handler.Int(data_.n.i.i);
+            else if (IsUint())      return handler.Uint(data_.n.u.u);
+            else if (IsInt64())     return handler.Int64(data_.n.i64);
+            else                    return handler.Uint64(data_.n.u64);
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename, typename> friend class GenericValue;
+    template <typename, typename, typename> friend class GenericDocument;
+
+    enum {
+        kBoolFlag       = 0x0008,
+        kNumberFlag     = 0x0010,
+        kIntFlag        = 0x0020,
+        kUintFlag       = 0x0040,
+        kInt64Flag      = 0x0080,
+        kUint64Flag     = 0x0100,
+        kDoubleFlag     = 0x0200,
+        kStringFlag     = 0x0400,
+        kCopyFlag       = 0x0800,
+        kInlineStrFlag  = 0x1000,
+
+        // Initial flags of different types.
+        kNullFlag = kNullType,
+        kTrueFlag = kTrueType | kBoolFlag,
+        kFalseFlag = kFalseType | kBoolFlag,
+        kNumberIntFlag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag,
+        kNumberUintFlag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag | kInt64Flag,
+        kNumberInt64Flag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kInt64Flag,
+        kNumberUint64Flag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kUint64Flag,
+        kNumberDoubleFlag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kDoubleFlag,
+        kNumberAnyFlag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag | kDoubleFlag,
+        kConstStringFlag = kStringType | kStringFlag,
+        kCopyStringFlag = kStringType | kStringFlag | kCopyFlag,
+        kShortStringFlag = kStringType | kStringFlag | kCopyFlag | kInlineStrFlag,
+        kObjectFlag = kObjectType,
+        kArrayFlag = kArrayType,
+
+        kTypeMask = 0x07
+    };
+
+    static const SizeType kDefaultArrayCapacity = 16;
+    static const SizeType kDefaultObjectCapacity = 16;
+
+    struct Flag {
+#if RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + 6];     // 2 x SizeType + lower 48-bit pointer
+#elif RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + sizeof(void*) + 6]; // 6 padding bytes
+#else
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + sizeof(void*) + 2]; // 2 padding bytes
+#endif
+        uint16_t flags;
+    };
+
+    struct String {
+        SizeType length;
+        SizeType hashcode;  //!< reserved
+        const Ch* str;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    // implementation detail: ShortString can represent zero-terminated strings up to MaxSize chars
+    // (excluding the terminating zero) and store a value to determine the length of the contained
+    // string in the last character str[LenPos] by storing "MaxSize - length" there. If the string
+    // to store has the maximal length of MaxSize then str[LenPos] will be 0 and therefore act as
+    // the string terminator as well. For getting the string length back from that value just use
+    // "MaxSize - str[LenPos]".
+    // This allows to store 13-chars strings in 32-bit mode, 21-chars strings in 64-bit mode,
+    // 13-chars strings for RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION=1 inline (for `UTF8`-encoded strings).
+    struct ShortString {
+        enum { MaxChars = sizeof(static_cast<Flag*>(0)->payload) / sizeof(Ch), MaxSize = MaxChars - 1, LenPos = MaxSize };
+        Ch str[MaxChars];
+
+        inline static bool Usable(SizeType len) { return                       (MaxSize >= len); }
+        inline void     SetLength(SizeType len) { str[LenPos] = static_cast<Ch>(MaxSize -  len); }
+        inline SizeType GetLength() const       { return  static_cast<SizeType>(MaxSize -  str[LenPos]); }
+    };  // at most as many bytes as "String" above => 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    // By using proper binary layout, retrieval of different integer types do not need conversions.
+    union Number {
+#if RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN == RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+        struct I {
+            int i;
+            char padding[4];
+        }i;
+        struct U {
+            unsigned u;
+            char padding2[4];
+        }u;
+#else
+        struct I {
+            char padding[4];
+            int i;
+        }i;
+        struct U {
+            char padding2[4];
+            unsigned u;
+        }u;
+#endif
+        int64_t i64;
+        uint64_t u64;
+        double d;
+    };  // 8 bytes
+
+    struct ObjectData {
+        SizeType size;
+        SizeType capacity;
+        Member* members;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    struct ArrayData {
+        SizeType size;
+        SizeType capacity;
+        GenericValue* elements;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    union Data {
+        String s;
+        ShortString ss;
+        Number n;
+        ObjectData o;
+        ArrayData a;
+        Flag f;
+    };  // 16 bytes in 32-bit mode, 24 bytes in 64-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit with RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE const Ch* GetStringPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(Ch, data_.s.str); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE const Ch* SetStringPointer(const Ch* str) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Ch, data_.s.str, str); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE GenericValue* GetElementsPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(GenericValue, data_.a.elements); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE GenericValue* SetElementsPointer(GenericValue* elements) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(GenericValue, data_.a.elements, elements); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* GetMembersPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(Member, data_.o.members); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* SetMembersPointer(Member* members) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Member, data_.o.members, members); }
+
+    // Initialize this value as array with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetArrayRaw(GenericValue* values, SizeType count, Allocator& allocator) {
+        data_.f.flags = kArrayFlag;
+        if (count) {
+            GenericValue* e = static_cast<GenericValue*>(allocator.Malloc(count * sizeof(GenericValue)));
+            SetElementsPointer(e);
+            std::memcpy(e, values, count * sizeof(GenericValue));
+        }
+        else
+            SetElementsPointer(0);
+        data_.a.size = data_.a.capacity = count;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as object with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetObjectRaw(Member* members, SizeType count, Allocator& allocator) {
+        data_.f.flags = kObjectFlag;
+        if (count) {
+            Member* m = static_cast<Member*>(allocator.Malloc(count * sizeof(Member)));
+            SetMembersPointer(m);
+            std::memcpy(m, members, count * sizeof(Member));
+        }
+        else
+            SetMembersPointer(0);
+        data_.o.size = data_.o.capacity = count;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as constant string, without calling destructor.
+    void SetStringRaw(StringRefType s) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        data_.f.flags = kConstStringFlag;
+        SetStringPointer(s);
+        data_.s.length = s.length;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as copy string with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetStringRaw(StringRefType s, Allocator& allocator) {
+        Ch* str = 0;
+        if (ShortString::Usable(s.length)) {
+            data_.f.flags = kShortStringFlag;
+            data_.ss.SetLength(s.length);
+            str = data_.ss.str;
+        } else {
+            data_.f.flags = kCopyStringFlag;
+            data_.s.length = s.length;
+            str = static_cast<Ch *>(allocator.Malloc((s.length + 1) * sizeof(Ch)));
+            SetStringPointer(str);
+        }
+        std::memcpy(str, s, s.length * sizeof(Ch));
+        str[s.length] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment without calling destructor
+    void RawAssign(GenericValue& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        data_ = rhs.data_;
+        // data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+        rhs.data_.f.flags = kNullFlag;
+    }
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool StringEqual(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(rhs.IsString());
+
+        const SizeType len1 = GetStringLength();
+        const SizeType len2 = rhs.GetStringLength();
+        if(len1 != len2) { return false; }
+
+        const Ch* const str1 = GetString();
+        const Ch* const str2 = rhs.GetString();
+        if(str1 == str2) { return true; } // fast path for constant string
+
+        return (std::memcmp(str1, str2, sizeof(Ch) * len1) == 0);
+    }
+
+    Data data_;
+};
+
+//! GenericValue with UTF8 encoding
+typedef GenericValue<UTF8<> > Value;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericDocument 
+
+//! A document for parsing JSON text as DOM.
+/*!
+    \note implements Handler concept
+    \tparam Encoding Encoding for both parsing and string storage.
+    \tparam Allocator Allocator for allocating memory for the DOM
+    \tparam StackAllocator Allocator for allocating memory for stack during parsing.
+    \warning Although GenericDocument inherits from GenericValue, the API does \b not provide any virtual functions, especially no virtual destructor.  To avoid memory leaks, do not \c delete a GenericDocument object via a pointer to a GenericValue.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = MemoryPoolAllocator<>, typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericDocument : public GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;                       //!< Character type derived from Encoding.
+    typedef GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> ValueType;    //!< Value type of the document.
+    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;                        //!< Allocator type from template parameter.
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! Creates an empty document of specified type.
+        \param type             Mandatory type of object to create.
+        \param allocator        Optional allocator for allocating memory.
+        \param stackCapacity    Optional initial capacity of stack in bytes.
+        \param stackAllocator   Optional allocator for allocating memory for stack.
+    */
+    explicit GenericDocument(Type type, Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultStackCapacity, StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0) :
+        GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator>(type),  allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0), stack_(stackAllocator, stackCapacity), parseResult_()
+    {
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! Creates an empty document which type is Null. 
+        \param allocator        Optional allocator for allocating memory.
+        \param stackCapacity    Optional initial capacity of stack in bytes.
+        \param stackAllocator   Optional allocator for allocating memory for stack.
+    */
+    GenericDocument(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultStackCapacity, StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0) : 
+        allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0), stack_(stackAllocator, stackCapacity), parseResult_()
+    {
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericDocument(GenericDocument&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+        : ValueType(std::forward<ValueType>(rhs)), // explicit cast to avoid prohibited move from Document
+          allocator_(rhs.allocator_),
+          ownAllocator_(rhs.ownAllocator_),
+          stack_(std::move(rhs.stack_)),
+          parseResult_(rhs.parseResult_)
+    {
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.parseResult_ = ParseResult();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    ~GenericDocument() {
+        Destroy();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move assignment in C++11
+    GenericDocument& operator=(GenericDocument&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        // The cast to ValueType is necessary here, because otherwise it would
+        // attempt to call GenericValue's templated assignment operator.
+        ValueType::operator=(std::forward<ValueType>(rhs));
+
+        // Calling the destructor here would prematurely call stack_'s destructor
+        Destroy();
+
+        allocator_ = rhs.allocator_;
+        ownAllocator_ = rhs.ownAllocator_;
+        stack_ = std::move(rhs.stack_);
+        parseResult_ = rhs.parseResult_;
+
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.parseResult_ = ParseResult();
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Exchange the contents of this document with those of another.
+    /*!
+        \param rhs Another document.
+        \note Constant complexity.
+        \see GenericValue::Swap
+    */
+    GenericDocument& Swap(GenericDocument& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        ValueType::Swap(rhs);
+        stack_.Swap(rhs.stack_);
+        internal::Swap(allocator_, rhs.allocator_);
+        internal::Swap(ownAllocator_, rhs.ownAllocator_);
+        internal::Swap(parseResult_, rhs.parseResult_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! free-standing swap function helper
+    /*!
+        Helper function to enable support for common swap implementation pattern based on \c std::swap:
+        \code
+        void swap(MyClass& a, MyClass& b) {
+            using std::swap;
+            swap(a.doc, b.doc);
+            // ...
+        }
+        \endcode
+        \see Swap()
+     */
+    friend inline void swap(GenericDocument& a, GenericDocument& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { a.Swap(b); }
+
+    //! Populate this document by a generator which produces SAX events.
+    /*! \tparam Generator A functor with <tt>bool f(Handler)</tt> prototype.
+        \param g Generator functor which sends SAX events to the parameter.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <typename Generator>
+    GenericDocument& Populate(Generator& g) {
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+        if (g(*this)) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(ValueType)); // Got one and only one root object
+            ValueType::operator=(*stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1));// Move value from stack to document
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //!@name Parse from stream
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream (with Encoding conversion)
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of input stream
+        \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding, typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        GenericReader<SourceEncoding, Encoding, StackAllocator> reader(
+            stack_.HasAllocator() ? &stack_.GetAllocator() : 0);
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+        parseResult_ = reader.template Parse<parseFlags>(is, *this);
+        if (parseResult_) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(ValueType)); // Got one and only one root object
+            ValueType::operator=(*stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1));// Move value from stack to document
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags, Encoding, InputStream>(is);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        return ParseStream<kParseDefaultFlags, Encoding, InputStream>(is);
+    }
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Parse in-place from mutable string
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a mutable string
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \param str Mutable zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& ParseInsitu(Ch* str) {
+        GenericInsituStringStream<Encoding> s(str);
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags | kParseInsituFlag>(s);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a mutable string (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \param str Mutable zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    GenericDocument& ParseInsitu(Ch* str) {
+        return ParseInsitu<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Parse from read-only string
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string (with Encoding conversion)
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag (must not contain \ref kParseInsituFlag).
+        \tparam SourceEncoding Transcoding from input Encoding
+        \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const typename SourceEncoding::Ch* str) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!(parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag));
+        GenericStringStream<SourceEncoding> s(str);
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(s);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag (must not contain \ref kParseInsituFlag).
+        \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const typename SourceEncoding::Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!(parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag));
+        MemoryStream ms(static_cast<const char*>(str), length * sizeof(typename SourceEncoding::Ch));
+        EncodedInputStream<SourceEncoding, MemoryStream> is(ms);
+        ParseStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(is);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str, length);
+    }
+    
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str, length);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<typename SourceEncoding::Ch>& str) {
+        // c_str() is constant complexity according to standard. Should be faster than Parse(const char*, size_t)
+        return Parse<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(str.c_str());
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str.c_str());
+    }
+
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING    
+
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Handling parse errors
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Whether a parse error has occured in the last parsing.
+    bool HasParseError() const { return parseResult_.IsError(); }
+
+    //! Get the \ref ParseErrorCode of last parsing.
+    ParseErrorCode GetParseError() const { return parseResult_.Code(); }
+
+    //! Get the position of last parsing error in input, 0 otherwise.
+    size_t GetErrorOffset() const { return parseResult_.Offset(); }
+
+    //! Implicit conversion to get the last parse result
+#ifndef __clang // -Wdocumentation
+    /*! \return \ref ParseResult of the last parse operation
+
+        \code
+          Document doc;
+          ParseResult ok = doc.Parse(json);
+          if (!ok)
+            printf( "JSON parse error: %s (%u)\n", GetParseError_En(ok.Code()), ok.Offset());
+        \endcode
+     */
+#endif
+    operator ParseResult() const { return parseResult_; }
+    //!@}
+
+    //! Get the allocator of this document.
+    Allocator& GetAllocator() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(allocator_);
+        return *allocator_;
+    }
+
+    //! Get the capacity of stack in bytes.
+    size_t GetStackCapacity() const { return stack_.GetCapacity(); }
+
+private:
+    // clear stack on any exit from ParseStream, e.g. due to exception
+    struct ClearStackOnExit {
+        explicit ClearStackOnExit(GenericDocument& d) : d_(d) {}
+        ~ClearStackOnExit() { d_.ClearStack(); }
+    private:
+        ClearStackOnExit(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+        ClearStackOnExit& operator=(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+        GenericDocument& d_;
+    };
+
+    // callers of the following private Handler functions
+    // template <typename,typename,typename> friend class GenericReader; // for parsing
+    template <typename, typename> friend class GenericValue; // for deep copying
+
+public:
+    // Implementation of Handler
+    bool Null() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(); return true; }
+    bool Bool(bool b) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(b); return true; }
+    bool Int(int i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Uint(unsigned i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Double(double d) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(d); return true; }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { 
+        if (copy) 
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length, GetAllocator());
+        else
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { 
+        if (copy) 
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length, GetAllocator());
+        else
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartObject() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(kObjectType); return true; }
+    
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { return String(str, length, copy); }
+
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) {
+        typename ValueType::Member* members = stack_.template Pop<typename ValueType::Member>(memberCount);
+        stack_.template Top<ValueType>()->SetObjectRaw(members, memberCount, GetAllocator());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(kArrayType); return true; }
+    
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) {
+        ValueType* elements = stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(elementCount);
+        stack_.template Top<ValueType>()->SetArrayRaw(elements, elementCount, GetAllocator());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    //! Prohibit copying
+    GenericDocument(const GenericDocument&);
+    //! Prohibit assignment
+    GenericDocument& operator=(const GenericDocument&);
+
+    void ClearStack() {
+        if (Allocator::kNeedFree)
+            while (stack_.GetSize() > 0)    // Here assumes all elements in stack array are GenericValue (Member is actually 2 GenericValue objects)
+                (stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1))->~ValueType();
+        else
+            stack_.Clear();
+        stack_.ShrinkToFit();
+    }
+
+    void Destroy() {
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultStackCapacity = 1024;
+    Allocator* allocator_;
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;
+    internal::Stack<StackAllocator> stack_;
+    ParseResult parseResult_;
+};
+
+//! GenericDocument with UTF8 encoding
+typedef GenericDocument<UTF8<> > Document;
+
+// defined here due to the dependency on GenericDocument
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+template <typename SourceAllocator>
+inline
+GenericValue<Encoding,Allocator>::GenericValue(const GenericValue<Encoding,SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator& allocator)
+{
+    switch (rhs.GetType()) {
+    case kObjectType:
+    case kArrayType: { // perform deep copy via SAX Handler
+            GenericDocument<Encoding,Allocator> d(&allocator);
+            rhs.Accept(d);
+            RawAssign(*d.stack_.template Pop<GenericValue>(1));
+        }
+        break;
+    case kStringType:
+        if (rhs.data_.f.flags == kConstStringFlag) {
+            data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+            data_  = *reinterpret_cast<const Data*>(&rhs.data_);
+        } else {
+            SetStringRaw(StringRef(rhs.GetString(), rhs.GetStringLength()), allocator);
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+        data_  = *reinterpret_cast<const Data*>(&rhs.data_);
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+//! Helper class for accessing Value of array type.
+/*!
+    Instance of this helper class is obtained by \c GenericValue::GetArray().
+    In addition to all APIs for array type, it provides range-based for loop if \c RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR=1.
+*/
+template <bool Const, typename ValueT>
+class GenericArray {
+public:
+    typedef GenericArray<true, ValueT> ConstArray;
+    typedef GenericArray<false, ValueT> Array;
+    typedef ValueT PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+    typedef ValueType* ValueIterator;  // This may be const or non-const iterator
+    typedef const ValueT* ConstValueIterator;
+    typedef typename ValueType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::StringRefType StringRefType;
+
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class GenericValue;
+
+    GenericArray(const GenericArray& rhs) : value_(rhs.value_) {}
+    GenericArray& operator=(const GenericArray& rhs) { value_ = rhs.value_; return *this; }
+    ~GenericArray() {}
+
+    SizeType Size() const { return value_.Size(); }
+    SizeType Capacity() const { return value_.Capacity(); }
+    bool Empty() const { return value_.Empty(); }
+    void Clear() const { value_.Clear(); }
+    ValueType& operator[](SizeType index) const {  return value_[index]; }
+    ValueIterator Begin() const { return value_.Begin(); }
+    ValueIterator End() const { return value_.End(); }
+    GenericArray Reserve(SizeType newCapacity, AllocatorType &allocator) const { value_.Reserve(newCapacity, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericArray PushBack(ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericArray PushBack(ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericArray PushBack(StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (const GenericArray&)) PushBack(T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericArray PopBack() const { value_.PopBack(); return *this; }
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator pos) const { return value_.Erase(pos); }
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator first, ConstValueIterator last) const { return value_.Erase(first, last); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+    ValueIterator begin() const { return value_.Begin(); }
+    ValueIterator end() const { return value_.End(); }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    GenericArray();
+    GenericArray(ValueType& value) : value_(value) {}
+    ValueType& value_;
+};
+
+//! Helper class for accessing Value of object type.
+/*!
+    Instance of this helper class is obtained by \c GenericValue::GetObject().
+    In addition to all APIs for array type, it provides range-based for loop if \c RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR=1.
+*/
+template <bool Const, typename ValueT>
+class GenericObject {
+public:
+    typedef GenericObject<true, ValueT> ConstObject;
+    typedef GenericObject<false, ValueT> Object;
+    typedef ValueT PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<Const, typename ValueT::EncodingType, typename ValueT::AllocatorType> MemberIterator;  // This may be const or non-const iterator
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<true, typename ValueT::EncodingType, typename ValueT::AllocatorType> ConstMemberIterator;
+    typedef typename ValueType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::StringRefType StringRefType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
+
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class GenericValue;
+
+    GenericObject(const GenericObject& rhs) : value_(rhs.value_) {}
+    GenericObject& operator=(const GenericObject& rhs) { value_ = rhs.value_; return *this; }
+    ~GenericObject() {}
+
+    SizeType MemberCount() const { return value_.MemberCount(); }
+    bool ObjectEmpty() const { return value_.ObjectEmpty(); }
+    template <typename T> ValueType& operator[](T* name) const { return value_[name]; }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> ValueType& operator[](const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_[name]; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    ValueType& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_[name]; }
+#endif
+    MemberIterator MemberBegin() const { return value_.MemberBegin(); }
+    MemberIterator MemberEnd() const { return value_.MemberEnd(); }
+    bool HasMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool HasMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool HasMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> MemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+#endif
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, std::basic_string<Ch>& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&)) AddMember(ValueType& name, T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType&& name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType&& name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericObject)) AddMember(StringRefType name, T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    void RemoveAllMembers() { return value_.RemoveAllMembers(); }
+    bool RemoveMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool RemoveMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool RemoveMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+    MemberIterator RemoveMember(MemberIterator m) const { return value_.RemoveMember(m); }
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator pos) const { return value_.EraseMember(pos); }
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator first, ConstMemberIterator last) const { return value_.EraseMember(first, last); }
+    bool EraseMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.EraseMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool EraseMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return EraseMember(ValueType(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool EraseMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.EraseMember(name); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+    MemberIterator begin() const { return value_.MemberBegin(); }
+    MemberIterator end() const { return value_.MemberEnd(); }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    GenericObject();
+    GenericObject(ValueType& value) : value_(value) {}
+    ValueType& value_;
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/encodedstream.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/encodedstream.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..14506838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/encodedstream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ENCODEDSTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODEDSTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "memorystream.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Input byte stream wrapper with a statically bound encoding.
+/*!
+    \tparam Encoding The interpretation of encoding of the stream. Either UTF8, UTF16LE, UTF16BE, UTF32LE, UTF32BE.
+    \tparam InputByteStream Type of input byte stream. For example, FileReadStream.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename InputByteStream>
+class EncodedInputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedInputStream(InputByteStream& is) : is_(is) { 
+        current_ = Encoding::TakeBOM(is_);
+    }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = current_; current_ = Encoding::Take(is_); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_.Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    EncodedInputStream(const EncodedInputStream&);
+    EncodedInputStream& operator=(const EncodedInputStream&);
+
+    InputByteStream& is_;
+    Ch current_;
+};
+
+//! Specialized for UTF8 MemoryStream.
+template <>
+class EncodedInputStream<UTF8<>, MemoryStream> {
+public:
+    typedef UTF8<>::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedInputStream(MemoryStream& is) : is_(is) {
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xEFu) is_.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xBBu) is_.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xBFu) is_.Take();
+    }
+    Ch Peek() const { return is_.Peek(); }
+    Ch Take() { return is_.Take(); }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_.Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) {}
+    void Flush() {} 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { return 0; }
+
+    MemoryStream& is_;
+
+private:
+    EncodedInputStream(const EncodedInputStream&);
+    EncodedInputStream& operator=(const EncodedInputStream&);
+};
+
+//! Output byte stream wrapper with statically bound encoding.
+/*!
+    \tparam Encoding The interpretation of encoding of the stream. Either UTF8, UTF16LE, UTF16BE, UTF32LE, UTF32BE.
+    \tparam OutputByteStream Type of input byte stream. For example, FileWriteStream.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename OutputByteStream>
+class EncodedOutputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedOutputStream(OutputByteStream& os, bool putBOM = true) : os_(os) { 
+        if (putBOM)
+            Encoding::PutBOM(os_);
+    }
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { Encoding::Put(os_, c);  }
+    void Flush() { os_.Flush(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    Ch Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    Ch Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false);  return 0; }
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    EncodedOutputStream(const EncodedOutputStream&);
+    EncodedOutputStream& operator=(const EncodedOutputStream&);
+
+    OutputByteStream& os_;
+};
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(x) UTF8<Ch>::x, UTF16LE<Ch>::x, UTF16BE<Ch>::x, UTF32LE<Ch>::x, UTF32BE<Ch>::x
+
+//! Input stream wrapper with dynamically bound encoding and automatic encoding detection.
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType Type of character for reading.
+    \tparam InputByteStream type of input byte stream to be wrapped.
+*/
+template <typename CharType, typename InputByteStream>
+class AutoUTFInputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param is input stream to be wrapped.
+        \param type UTF encoding type if it is not detected from the stream.
+    */
+    AutoUTFInputStream(InputByteStream& is, UTFType type = kUTF8) : is_(&is), type_(type), hasBOM_(false) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type >= kUTF8 && type <= kUTF32BE);        
+        DetectType();
+        static const TakeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Take) };
+        takeFunc_ = f[type_];
+        current_ = takeFunc_(*is_);
+    }
+
+    UTFType GetType() const { return type_; }
+    bool HasBOM() const { return hasBOM_; }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = current_; current_ = takeFunc_(*is_); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_->Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    AutoUTFInputStream(const AutoUTFInputStream&);
+    AutoUTFInputStream& operator=(const AutoUTFInputStream&);
+
+    // Detect encoding type with BOM or RFC 4627
+    void DetectType() {
+        // BOM (Byte Order Mark):
+        // 00 00 FE FF  UTF-32BE
+        // FF FE 00 00  UTF-32LE
+        // FE FF        UTF-16BE
+        // FF FE        UTF-16LE
+        // EF BB BF     UTF-8
+
+        const unsigned char* c = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(is_->Peek4());
+        if (!c)
+            return;
+
+        unsigned bom = static_cast<unsigned>(c[0] | (c[1] << 8) | (c[2] << 16) | (c[3] << 24));
+        hasBOM_ = false;
+        if (bom == 0xFFFE0000)                  { type_ = kUTF32BE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); }
+        else if (bom == 0x0000FEFF)             { type_ = kUTF32LE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFF) == 0xFFFE)      { type_ = kUTF16BE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take();                           }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFF) == 0xFEFF)      { type_ = kUTF16LE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take();                           }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFFFF) == 0xBFBBEF)  { type_ = kUTF8;    hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take();              }
+
+        // RFC 4627: Section 3
+        // "Since the first two characters of a JSON text will always be ASCII
+        // characters [RFC0020], it is possible to determine whether an octet
+        // stream is UTF-8, UTF-16 (BE or LE), or UTF-32 (BE or LE) by looking
+        // at the pattern of nulls in the first four octets."
+        // 00 00 00 xx  UTF-32BE
+        // 00 xx 00 xx  UTF-16BE
+        // xx 00 00 00  UTF-32LE
+        // xx 00 xx 00  UTF-16LE
+        // xx xx xx xx  UTF-8
+
+        if (!hasBOM_) {
+            unsigned pattern = (c[0] ? 1 : 0) | (c[1] ? 2 : 0) | (c[2] ? 4 : 0) | (c[3] ? 8 : 0);
+            switch (pattern) {
+            case 0x08: type_ = kUTF32BE; break;
+            case 0x0A: type_ = kUTF16BE; break;
+            case 0x01: type_ = kUTF32LE; break;
+            case 0x05: type_ = kUTF16LE; break;
+            case 0x0F: type_ = kUTF8;    break;
+            default: break; // Use type defined by user.
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Runtime check whether the size of character type is sufficient. It only perform checks with assertion.
+        if (type_ == kUTF16LE || type_ == kUTF16BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+        if (type_ == kUTF32LE || type_ == kUTF32BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+    }
+
+    typedef Ch (*TakeFunc)(InputByteStream& is);
+    InputByteStream* is_;
+    UTFType type_;
+    Ch current_;
+    TakeFunc takeFunc_;
+    bool hasBOM_;
+};
+
+//! Output stream wrapper with dynamically bound encoding and automatic encoding detection.
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType Type of character for writing.
+    \tparam OutputByteStream type of output byte stream to be wrapped.
+*/
+template <typename CharType, typename OutputByteStream>
+class AutoUTFOutputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param os output stream to be wrapped.
+        \param type UTF encoding type.
+        \param putBOM Whether to write BOM at the beginning of the stream.
+    */
+    AutoUTFOutputStream(OutputByteStream& os, UTFType type, bool putBOM) : os_(&os), type_(type) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type >= kUTF8 && type <= kUTF32BE);
+
+        // Runtime check whether the size of character type is sufficient. It only perform checks with assertion.
+        if (type_ == kUTF16LE || type_ == kUTF16BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+        if (type_ == kUTF32LE || type_ == kUTF32BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+
+        static const PutFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Put) };
+        putFunc_ = f[type_];
+
+        if (putBOM)
+            PutBOM();
+    }
+
+    UTFType GetType() const { return type_; }
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { putFunc_(*os_, c); }
+    void Flush() { os_->Flush(); } 
+
+    // Not implemented
+    Ch Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    Ch Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    AutoUTFOutputStream(const AutoUTFOutputStream&);
+    AutoUTFOutputStream& operator=(const AutoUTFOutputStream&);
+
+    void PutBOM() { 
+        typedef void (*PutBOMFunc)(OutputByteStream&);
+        static const PutBOMFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(PutBOM) };
+        f[type_](*os_);
+    }
+
+    typedef void (*PutFunc)(OutputByteStream&, Ch);
+
+    OutputByteStream* os_;
+    UTFType type_;
+    PutFunc putFunc_;
+};
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/encodings.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/encodings.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..baa7c2b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/encodings.h
@@ -0,0 +1,716 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4244) // conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4702)  // unreachable code
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(overflow)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Encoding
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Encoding
+    \brief Concept for encoding of Unicode characters.
+
+\code
+concept Encoding {
+    typename Ch;    //! Type of character. A "character" is actually a code unit in unicode's definition.
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 }; // or 0 if not supporting unicode
+
+    //! \brief Encode a Unicode codepoint to an output stream.
+    //! \param os Output stream.
+    //! \param codepoint An unicode codepoint, ranging from 0x0 to 0x10FFFF inclusively.
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint);
+
+    //! \brief Decode a Unicode codepoint from an input stream.
+    //! \param is Input stream.
+    //! \param codepoint Output of the unicode codepoint.
+    //! \return true if a valid codepoint can be decoded from the stream.
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint);
+
+    //! \brief Validate one Unicode codepoint from an encoded stream.
+    //! \param is Input stream to obtain codepoint.
+    //! \param os Output for copying one codepoint.
+    //! \return true if it is valid.
+    //! \note This function just validating and copying the codepoint without actually decode it.
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os);
+
+    // The following functions are deal with byte streams.
+
+    //! Take a character from input byte stream, skip BOM if exist.
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is);
+
+    //! Take a character from input byte stream.
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is);
+
+    //! Put BOM to output byte stream.
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os);
+
+    //! Put a character to output byte stream.
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c);
+};
+\endcode
+*/
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF8
+
+//! UTF-8 encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3629
+    \tparam CharType Code unit for storing 8-bit UTF-8 data. Default is char.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+*/
+template<typename CharType = char>
+struct UTF8 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        if (codepoint <= 0x7F) 
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+        else if (codepoint <= 0x7FF) {
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xC0 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint & 0x3F))));
+        }
+        else if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xE0 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xF0 | ((codepoint >> 18) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        if (codepoint <= 0x7F) 
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+        else if (codepoint <= 0x7FF) {
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xC0 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint & 0x3F))));
+        }
+        else if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xE0 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xF0 | ((codepoint >> 18) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+#define COPY() c = is.Take(); *codepoint = (*codepoint << 6) | (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) & 0x3Fu)
+#define TRANS(mask) result &= ((GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) & mask) != 0)
+#define TAIL() COPY(); TRANS(0x70)
+        typename InputStream::Ch c = is.Take();
+        if (!(c & 0x80)) {
+            *codepoint = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        unsigned char type = GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c));
+        if (type >= 32) {
+            *codepoint = 0;
+        } else {
+            *codepoint = (0xFF >> type) & static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+        }
+        bool result = true;
+        switch (type) {
+        case 2: TAIL(); return result;
+        case 3: TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 4: COPY(); TRANS(0x50); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 5: COPY(); TRANS(0x10); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 6: TAIL(); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 10: COPY(); TRANS(0x20); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 11: COPY(); TRANS(0x60); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        default: return false;
+        }
+#undef COPY
+#undef TRANS
+#undef TAIL
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+#define COPY() os.Put(c = is.Take())
+#define TRANS(mask) result &= ((GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) & mask) != 0)
+#define TAIL() COPY(); TRANS(0x70)
+        Ch c;
+        COPY();
+        if (!(c & 0x80))
+            return true;
+
+        bool result = true;
+        switch (GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+        case 2: TAIL(); return result;
+        case 3: TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 4: COPY(); TRANS(0x50); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 5: COPY(); TRANS(0x10); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 6: TAIL(); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 10: COPY(); TRANS(0x20); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 11: COPY(); TRANS(0x60); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        default: return false;
+        }
+#undef COPY
+#undef TRANS
+#undef TAIL
+    }
+
+    static unsigned char GetRange(unsigned char c) {
+        // Referring to DFA of http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/utf-8/decoder/dfa/
+        // With new mapping 1 -> 0x10, 7 -> 0x20, 9 -> 0x40, such that AND operation can test multiple types.
+        static const unsigned char type[] = {
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,
+            0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,
+            0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,
+            0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,
+            8,8,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,  2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
+            10,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,3,3, 11,6,6,6,5,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+        };
+        return type[c];
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        typename InputByteStream::Ch c = Take(is);
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xEFu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xBBu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xBFu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        return static_cast<Ch>(is.Take());
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xEFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xBBu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xBFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF16
+
+//! UTF-16 encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2781
+    \tparam CharType Type for storing 16-bit UTF-16 data. Default is wchar_t. C++11 may use char16_t instead.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+
+    \note For in-memory access, no need to concern endianness. The code units and code points are represented by CPU's endianness.
+    For streaming, use UTF16LE and UTF16BE, which handle endianness.
+*/
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint < 0xD800 || codepoint > 0xDFFF); // Code point itself cannot be surrogate pair 
+            os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(codepoint));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            unsigned v = codepoint - 0x10000;
+            os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v >> 10) | 0xD800));
+            os.Put((v & 0x3FF) | 0xDC00);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint < 0xD800 || codepoint > 0xDFFF); // Code point itself cannot be surrogate pair 
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(codepoint));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            unsigned v = codepoint - 0x10000;
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v >> 10) | 0xD800));
+            PutUnsafe(os, (v & 0x3FF) | 0xDC00);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        typename InputStream::Ch c = is.Take();
+        if (c < 0xD800 || c > 0xDFFF) {
+            *codepoint = static_cast<unsigned>(c);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else if (c <= 0xDBFF) {
+            *codepoint = (static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0x3FF) << 10;
+            c = is.Take();
+            *codepoint |= (static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0x3FF);
+            *codepoint += 0x10000;
+            return c >= 0xDC00 && c <= 0xDFFF;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        typename InputStream::Ch c;
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(c = is.Take()));
+        if (c < 0xD800 || c > 0xDFFF)
+            return true;
+        else if (c <= 0xDBFF) {
+            os.Put(c = is.Take());
+            return c >= 0xDC00 && c <= 0xDFFF;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-16 little endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16LE : UTF16<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint16_t>(c) == 0xFEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((static_cast<unsigned>(c) >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-16 big endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16BE : UTF16<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint16_t>(c) == 0xFEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((static_cast<unsigned>(c) >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF32
+
+//! UTF-32 encoding. 
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32
+    \tparam CharType Type for storing 32-bit UTF-32 data. Default is unsigned. C++11 may use char32_t instead.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+
+    \note For in-memory access, no need to concern endianness. The code units and code points are represented by CPU's endianness.
+    For streaming, use UTF32LE and UTF32BE, which handle endianness.
+*/
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+        os.Put(codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+        PutUnsafe(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        Ch c = is.Take();
+        *codepoint = c;
+        return c <= 0x10FFFF;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        Ch c;
+        os.Put(c = is.Take());
+        return c <= 0x10FFFF;
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-32 little endian enocoding.
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32LE : UTF32<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint32_t>(c) == 0x0000FEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 16;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 24;
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 16) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 24) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-32 big endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32BE : UTF32<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint32_t>(c) == 0x0000FEFFu ? Take(is) : c; 
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 24;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 16;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take()));
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 24) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 16) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ASCII
+
+//! ASCII encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
+    \tparam CharType Code unit for storing 7-bit ASCII data. Default is char.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+*/
+template<typename CharType = char>
+struct ASCII {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 0 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x7F);
+        os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x7F);
+        PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        *codepoint = c;
+        return c <= 0X7F;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(c));
+        return c <= 0x7F;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(Take(is));
+        return static_cast<Ch>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        return static_cast<Ch>(is.Take());
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        (void)os;
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AutoUTF
+
+//! Runtime-specified UTF encoding type of a stream.
+enum UTFType {
+    kUTF8 = 0,      //!< UTF-8.
+    kUTF16LE = 1,   //!< UTF-16 little endian.
+    kUTF16BE = 2,   //!< UTF-16 big endian.
+    kUTF32LE = 3,   //!< UTF-32 little endian.
+    kUTF32BE = 4    //!< UTF-32 big endian.
+};
+
+//! Dynamically select encoding according to stream's runtime-specified UTF encoding type.
+/*! \note This class can be used with AutoUTFInputtStream and AutoUTFOutputStream, which provides GetType().
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+struct AutoUTF {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(x) UTF8<Ch>::x, UTF16LE<Ch>::x, UTF16BE<Ch>::x, UTF32LE<Ch>::x, UTF32BE<Ch>::x
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        typedef void (*EncodeFunc)(OutputStream&, unsigned);
+        static const EncodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Encode) };
+        (*f[os.GetType()])(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        typedef void (*EncodeFunc)(OutputStream&, unsigned);
+        static const EncodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(EncodeUnsafe) };
+        (*f[os.GetType()])(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        typedef bool (*DecodeFunc)(InputStream&, unsigned*);
+        static const DecodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Decode) };
+        return (*f[is.GetType()])(is, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        typedef bool (*ValidateFunc)(InputStream&, OutputStream&);
+        static const ValidateFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Validate) };
+        return (*f[is.GetType()])(is, os);
+    }
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Transcoder
+
+//! Encoding conversion.
+template<typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding>
+struct Transcoder {
+    //! Take one Unicode codepoint from source encoding, convert it to target encoding and put it to the output stream.
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Transcode(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        if (!SourceEncoding::Decode(is, &codepoint))
+            return false;
+        TargetEncoding::Encode(os, codepoint);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool TranscodeUnsafe(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        if (!SourceEncoding::Decode(is, &codepoint))
+            return false;
+        TargetEncoding::EncodeUnsafe(os, codepoint);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Validate one Unicode codepoint from an encoded stream.
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        return Transcode(is, os);   // Since source/target encoding is different, must transcode.
+    }
+};
+
+// Forward declaration.
+template<typename Stream>
+inline void PutUnsafe(Stream& stream, typename Stream::Ch c);
+
+//! Specialization of Transcoder with same source and target encoding.
+template<typename Encoding>
+struct Transcoder<Encoding, Encoding> {
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Transcode(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        os.Put(is.Take());  // Just copy one code unit. This semantic is different from primary template class.
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool TranscodeUnsafe(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        PutUnsafe(os, is.Take());  // Just copy one code unit. This semantic is different from primary template class.
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        return Encoding::Validate(is, os);  // source/target encoding are the same
+    }
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/error/en.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/error/en.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2db838bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/error/en.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_
+
+#include "error.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(covered-switch-default)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Maps error code of parsing into error message.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \param parseErrorCode Error code obtained in parsing.
+    \return the error message.
+    \note User can make a copy of this function for localization.
+        Using switch-case is safer for future modification of error codes.
+*/
+inline const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* GetParseError_En(ParseErrorCode parseErrorCode) {
+    switch (parseErrorCode) {
+        case kParseErrorNone:                           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("No error.");
+
+        case kParseErrorDocumentEmpty:                  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The document is empty.");
+        case kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The document root must not be followed by other values.");
+    
+        case kParseErrorValueInvalid:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid value.");
+    
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissName:                 return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a name for object member.");
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissColon:                return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a colon after a name of object member.");
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a comma or '}' after an object member.");
+    
+        case kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a comma or ']' after an array element.");
+
+        case kParseErrorStringUnicodeEscapeInvalidHex:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Incorrect hex digit after \\u escape in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The surrogate pair in string is invalid.");
+        case kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid:            return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid escape character in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringMissQuotationMark:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a closing quotation mark in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding:          return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid encoding in string.");
+
+        case kParseErrorNumberTooBig:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number too big to be stored in double.");
+        case kParseErrorNumberMissFraction:             return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Miss fraction part in number.");
+        case kParseErrorNumberMissExponent:             return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Miss exponent in number.");
+
+        case kParseErrorTermination:                    return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Terminate parsing due to Handler error.");
+        case kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError:          return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unspecific syntax error.");
+
+        default:                                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unknown error.");
+    }
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/error/error.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/error/error.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95cb31a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/error/error.h
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+/*! \file error.h */
+
+/*! \defgroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS RapidJSON error handling */
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE
+
+//! Character type of error messages.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    The default character type is \c char.
+    On Windows, user can define this macro as \c TCHAR for supporting both
+    unicode/non-unicode settings.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE char
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING
+
+//! Macro for converting string literial to \ref RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE[].
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    By default this conversion macro does nothing.
+    On Windows, user can define this macro as \c _T(x) for supporting both
+    unicode/non-unicode settings.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING(x) x
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ParseErrorCode
+
+//! Error code of parsing.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \see GenericReader::Parse, GenericReader::GetParseErrorCode
+*/
+enum ParseErrorCode {
+    kParseErrorNone = 0,                        //!< No error.
+
+    kParseErrorDocumentEmpty,                   //!< The document is empty.
+    kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular,         //!< The document root must not follow by other values.
+
+    kParseErrorValueInvalid,                    //!< Invalid value.
+
+    kParseErrorObjectMissName,                  //!< Missing a name for object member.
+    kParseErrorObjectMissColon,                 //!< Missing a colon after a name of object member.
+    kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket,   //!< Missing a comma or '}' after an object member.
+
+    kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket,   //!< Missing a comma or ']' after an array element.
+
+    kParseErrorStringUnicodeEscapeInvalidHex,   //!< Incorrect hex digit after \\u escape in string.
+    kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid,   //!< The surrogate pair in string is invalid.
+    kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid,             //!< Invalid escape character in string.
+    kParseErrorStringMissQuotationMark,         //!< Missing a closing quotation mark in string.
+    kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding,           //!< Invalid encoding in string.
+
+    kParseErrorNumberTooBig,                    //!< Number too big to be stored in double.
+    kParseErrorNumberMissFraction,              //!< Miss fraction part in number.
+    kParseErrorNumberMissExponent,              //!< Miss exponent in number.
+
+    kParseErrorTermination,                     //!< Parsing was terminated.
+    kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError            //!< Unspecific syntax error.
+};
+
+//! Result of parsing (wraps ParseErrorCode)
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \code
+        Document doc;
+        ParseResult ok = doc.Parse("[42]");
+        if (!ok) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "JSON parse error: %s (%u)",
+                    GetParseError_En(ok.Code()), ok.Offset());
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    \endcode
+    \see GenericReader::Parse, GenericDocument::Parse
+*/
+struct ParseResult {
+public:
+    //! Default constructor, no error.
+    ParseResult() : code_(kParseErrorNone), offset_(0) {}
+    //! Constructor to set an error.
+    ParseResult(ParseErrorCode code, size_t offset) : code_(code), offset_(offset) {}
+
+    //! Get the error code.
+    ParseErrorCode Code() const { return code_; }
+    //! Get the error offset, if \ref IsError(), 0 otherwise.
+    size_t Offset() const { return offset_; }
+
+    //! Conversion to \c bool, returns \c true, iff !\ref IsError().
+    operator bool() const { return !IsError(); }
+    //! Whether the result is an error.
+    bool IsError() const { return code_ != kParseErrorNone; }
+
+    bool operator==(const ParseResult& that) const { return code_ == that.code_; }
+    bool operator==(ParseErrorCode code) const { return code_ == code; }
+    friend bool operator==(ParseErrorCode code, const ParseResult & err) { return code == err.code_; }
+
+    //! Reset error code.
+    void Clear() { Set(kParseErrorNone); }
+    //! Update error code and offset.
+    void Set(ParseErrorCode code, size_t offset = 0) { code_ = code; offset_ = offset; }
+
+private:
+    ParseErrorCode code_;
+    size_t offset_;
+};
+
+//! Function pointer type of GetParseError().
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+
+    This is the prototype for \c GetParseError_X(), where \c X is a locale.
+    User can dynamically change locale in runtime, e.g.:
+\code
+    GetParseErrorFunc GetParseError = GetParseError_En; // or whatever
+    const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* s = GetParseError(document.GetParseErrorCode());
+\endcode
+*/
+typedef const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* (*GetParseErrorFunc)(ParseErrorCode);
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/filereadstream.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/filereadstream.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b56ea13b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/filereadstream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FILEREADSTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_FILEREADSTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(missing-noreturn)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! File byte stream for input using fread().
+/*!
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+class FileReadStream {
+public:
+    typedef char Ch;    //!< Character type (byte).
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param fp File pointer opened for read.
+        \param buffer user-supplied buffer.
+        \param bufferSize size of buffer in bytes. Must >=4 bytes.
+    */
+    FileReadStream(std::FILE* fp, char* buffer, size_t bufferSize) : fp_(fp), buffer_(buffer), bufferSize_(bufferSize), bufferLast_(0), current_(buffer_), readCount_(0), count_(0), eof_(false) { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(fp_ != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(bufferSize >= 4);
+        Read();
+    }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return *current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = *current_; Read(); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return count_ + static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    // For encoding detection only.
+    const Ch* Peek4() const {
+        return (current_ + 4 <= bufferLast_) ? current_ : 0;
+    }
+
+private:
+    void Read() {
+        if (current_ < bufferLast_)
+            ++current_;
+        else if (!eof_) {
+            count_ += readCount_;
+            readCount_ = fread(buffer_, 1, bufferSize_, fp_);
+            bufferLast_ = buffer_ + readCount_ - 1;
+            current_ = buffer_;
+
+            if (readCount_ < bufferSize_) {
+                buffer_[readCount_] = '\0';
+                ++bufferLast_;
+                eof_ = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::FILE* fp_;
+    Ch *buffer_;
+    size_t bufferSize_;
+    Ch *bufferLast_;
+    Ch *current_;
+    size_t readCount_;
+    size_t count_;  //!< Number of characters read
+    bool eof_;
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/filewritestream.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/filewritestream.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6378dd60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/filewritestream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FILEWRITESTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_FILEWRITESTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Wrapper of C file stream for input using fread().
+/*!
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+class FileWriteStream {
+public:
+    typedef char Ch;    //!< Character type. Only support char.
+
+    FileWriteStream(std::FILE* fp, char* buffer, size_t bufferSize) : fp_(fp), buffer_(buffer), bufferEnd_(buffer + bufferSize), current_(buffer_) { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(fp_ != 0);
+    }
+
+    void Put(char c) { 
+        if (current_ >= bufferEnd_)
+            Flush();
+
+        *current_++ = c;
+    }
+
+    void PutN(char c, size_t n) {
+        size_t avail = static_cast<size_t>(bufferEnd_ - current_);
+        while (n > avail) {
+            std::memset(current_, c, avail);
+            current_ += avail;
+            Flush();
+            n -= avail;
+            avail = static_cast<size_t>(bufferEnd_ - current_);
+        }
+
+        if (n > 0) {
+            std::memset(current_, c, n);
+            current_ += n;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Flush() {
+        if (current_ != buffer_) {
+            size_t result = fwrite(buffer_, 1, static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_), fp_);
+            if (result < static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_)) {
+                // failure deliberately ignored at this time
+                // added to avoid warn_unused_result build errors
+            }
+            current_ = buffer_;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    char Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(char*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    FileWriteStream(const FileWriteStream&);
+    FileWriteStream& operator=(const FileWriteStream&);
+
+    std::FILE* fp_;
+    char *buffer_;
+    char *bufferEnd_;
+    char *current_;
+};
+
+//! Implement specialized version of PutN() with memset() for better performance.
+template<>
+inline void PutN(FileWriteStream& stream, char c, size_t n) {
+    stream.PutN(c, n);
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/fwd.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/fwd.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e8104e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/fwd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FWD_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_FWD_H_
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+// encodings.h
+
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF8;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF16;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF16BE;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF16LE;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF32;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF32BE;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF32LE;
+template<typename CharType> struct ASCII;
+template<typename CharType> struct AutoUTF;
+
+template<typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding>
+struct Transcoder;
+
+// allocators.h
+
+class CrtAllocator;
+
+template <typename BaseAllocator>
+class MemoryPoolAllocator;
+
+// stream.h
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericStringStream;
+
+typedef GenericStringStream<UTF8<char> > StringStream;
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericInsituStringStream;
+
+typedef GenericInsituStringStream<UTF8<char> > InsituStringStream;
+
+// stringbuffer.h
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericStringBuffer;
+
+typedef GenericStringBuffer<UTF8<char>, CrtAllocator> StringBuffer;
+
+// filereadstream.h
+
+class FileReadStream;
+
+// filewritestream.h
+
+class FileWriteStream;
+
+// memorybuffer.h
+
+template <typename Allocator>
+struct GenericMemoryBuffer;
+
+typedef GenericMemoryBuffer<CrtAllocator> MemoryBuffer;
+
+// memorystream.h
+
+struct MemoryStream;
+
+// reader.h
+
+template<typename Encoding, typename Derived>
+struct BaseReaderHandler;
+
+template <typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator>
+class GenericReader;
+
+typedef GenericReader<UTF8<char>, UTF8<char>, CrtAllocator> Reader;
+
+// writer.h
+
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator, unsigned writeFlags>
+class Writer;
+
+// prettywriter.h
+
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator, unsigned writeFlags>
+class PrettyWriter;
+
+// document.h
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator> 
+struct GenericMember;
+
+template <bool Const, typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator;
+
+template<typename CharType>
+struct GenericStringRef;
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator> 
+class GenericValue;
+
+typedef GenericValue<UTF8<char>, MemoryPoolAllocator<CrtAllocator> > Value;
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator, typename StackAllocator>
+class GenericDocument;
+
+typedef GenericDocument<UTF8<char>, MemoryPoolAllocator<CrtAllocator>, CrtAllocator> Document;
+
+// pointer.h
+
+template <typename ValueType, typename Allocator>
+class GenericPointer;
+
+typedef GenericPointer<Value, CrtAllocator> Pointer;
+
+// schema.h
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider;
+
+template <typename ValueT, typename Allocator>
+class GenericSchemaDocument;
+
+typedef GenericSchemaDocument<Value, CrtAllocator> SchemaDocument;
+typedef IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider<SchemaDocument> IRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider;
+
+template <
+    typename SchemaDocumentType,
+    typename OutputHandler,
+    typename StateAllocator>
+class GenericSchemaValidator;
+
+typedef GenericSchemaValidator<SchemaDocument, BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<char>, void>, CrtAllocator> SchemaValidator;
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSONFWD_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/biginteger.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/biginteger.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d3e88c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/biginteger.h
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_BIGINTEGER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_BIGINTEGER_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+#include <intrin.h> // for _umul128
+#pragma intrinsic(_umul128)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+class BigInteger {
+public:
+    typedef uint64_t Type;
+
+    BigInteger(const BigInteger& rhs) : count_(rhs.count_) {
+        std::memcpy(digits_, rhs.digits_, count_ * sizeof(Type));
+    }
+
+    explicit BigInteger(uint64_t u) : count_(1) {
+        digits_[0] = u;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger(const char* decimals, size_t length) : count_(1) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length > 0);
+        digits_[0] = 0;
+        size_t i = 0;
+        const size_t kMaxDigitPerIteration = 19;  // 2^64 = 18446744073709551616 > 10^19
+        while (length >= kMaxDigitPerIteration) {
+            AppendDecimal64(decimals + i, decimals + i + kMaxDigitPerIteration);
+            length -= kMaxDigitPerIteration;
+            i += kMaxDigitPerIteration;
+        }
+
+        if (length > 0)
+            AppendDecimal64(decimals + i, decimals + i + length);
+    }
+    
+    BigInteger& operator=(const BigInteger &rhs)
+    {
+        if (this != &rhs) {
+            count_ = rhs.count_;
+            std::memcpy(digits_, rhs.digits_, count_ * sizeof(Type));
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+    
+    BigInteger& operator=(uint64_t u) {
+        digits_[0] = u;            
+        count_ = 1;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator+=(uint64_t u) {
+        Type backup = digits_[0];
+        digits_[0] += u;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < count_ - 1; i++) {
+            if (digits_[i] >= backup)
+                return *this; // no carry
+            backup = digits_[i + 1];
+            digits_[i + 1] += 1;
+        }
+
+        // Last carry
+        if (digits_[count_ - 1] < backup)
+            PushBack(1);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator*=(uint64_t u) {
+        if (u == 0) return *this = 0;
+        if (u == 1) return *this;
+        if (*this == 1) return *this = u;
+
+        uint64_t k = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < count_; i++) {
+            uint64_t hi;
+            digits_[i] = MulAdd64(digits_[i], u, k, &hi);
+            k = hi;
+        }
+        
+        if (k > 0)
+            PushBack(k);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator*=(uint32_t u) {
+        if (u == 0) return *this = 0;
+        if (u == 1) return *this;
+        if (*this == 1) return *this = u;
+
+        uint64_t k = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < count_; i++) {
+            const uint64_t c = digits_[i] >> 32;
+            const uint64_t d = digits_[i] & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+            const uint64_t uc = u * c;
+            const uint64_t ud = u * d;
+            const uint64_t p0 = ud + k;
+            const uint64_t p1 = uc + (p0 >> 32);
+            digits_[i] = (p0 & 0xFFFFFFFF) | (p1 << 32);
+            k = p1 >> 32;
+        }
+        
+        if (k > 0)
+            PushBack(k);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator<<=(size_t shift) {
+        if (IsZero() || shift == 0) return *this;
+
+        size_t offset = shift / kTypeBit;
+        size_t interShift = shift % kTypeBit;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(count_ + offset <= kCapacity);
+
+        if (interShift == 0) {
+            std::memmove(&digits_[count_ - 1 + offset], &digits_[count_ - 1], count_ * sizeof(Type));
+            count_ += offset;
+        }
+        else {
+            digits_[count_] = 0;
+            for (size_t i = count_; i > 0; i--)
+                digits_[i + offset] = (digits_[i] << interShift) | (digits_[i - 1] >> (kTypeBit - interShift));
+            digits_[offset] = digits_[0] << interShift;
+            count_ += offset;
+            if (digits_[count_])
+                count_++;
+        }
+
+        std::memset(digits_, 0, offset * sizeof(Type));
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const BigInteger& rhs) const {
+        return count_ == rhs.count_ && std::memcmp(digits_, rhs.digits_, count_ * sizeof(Type)) == 0;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const Type rhs) const {
+        return count_ == 1 && digits_[0] == rhs;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& MultiplyPow5(unsigned exp) {
+        static const uint32_t kPow5[12] = {
+            5,
+            5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5
+        };
+        if (exp == 0) return *this;
+        for (; exp >= 27; exp -= 27) *this *= RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0X6765C793, 0XFA10079D); // 5^27
+        for (; exp >= 13; exp -= 13) *this *= static_cast<uint32_t>(1220703125u); // 5^13
+        if (exp > 0)                 *this *= kPow5[exp - 1];
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Compute absolute difference of this and rhs.
+    // Assume this != rhs
+    bool Difference(const BigInteger& rhs, BigInteger* out) const {
+        int cmp = Compare(rhs);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(cmp != 0);
+        const BigInteger *a, *b;  // Makes a > b
+        bool ret;
+        if (cmp < 0) { a = &rhs; b = this; ret = true; }
+        else         { a = this; b = &rhs; ret = false; }
+
+        Type borrow = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < a->count_; i++) {
+            Type d = a->digits_[i] - borrow;
+            if (i < b->count_)
+                d -= b->digits_[i];
+            borrow = (d > a->digits_[i]) ? 1 : 0;
+            out->digits_[i] = d;
+            if (d != 0)
+                out->count_ = i + 1;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    int Compare(const BigInteger& rhs) const {
+        if (count_ != rhs.count_)
+            return count_ < rhs.count_ ? -1 : 1;
+
+        for (size_t i = count_; i-- > 0;)
+            if (digits_[i] != rhs.digits_[i])
+                return digits_[i] < rhs.digits_[i] ? -1 : 1;
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    size_t GetCount() const { return count_; }
+    Type GetDigit(size_t index) const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < count_); return digits_[index]; }
+    bool IsZero() const { return count_ == 1 && digits_[0] == 0; }
+
+private:
+    void AppendDecimal64(const char* begin, const char* end) {
+        uint64_t u = ParseUint64(begin, end);
+        if (IsZero())
+            *this = u;
+        else {
+            unsigned exp = static_cast<unsigned>(end - begin);
+            (MultiplyPow5(exp) <<= exp) += u;   // *this = *this * 10^exp + u
+        }
+    }
+
+    void PushBack(Type digit) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(count_ < kCapacity);
+        digits_[count_++] = digit;
+    }
+
+    static uint64_t ParseUint64(const char* begin, const char* end) {
+        uint64_t r = 0;
+        for (const char* p = begin; p != end; ++p) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(*p >= '0' && *p <= '9');
+            r = r * 10u + static_cast<unsigned>(*p - '0');
+        }
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    // Assume a * b + k < 2^128
+    static uint64_t MulAdd64(uint64_t a, uint64_t b, uint64_t k, uint64_t* outHigh) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+        uint64_t low = _umul128(a, b, outHigh) + k;
+        if (low < k)
+            (*outHigh)++;
+        return low;
+#elif (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6)) && defined(__x86_64__)
+        __extension__ typedef unsigned __int128 uint128;
+        uint128 p = static_cast<uint128>(a) * static_cast<uint128>(b);
+        p += k;
+        *outHigh = static_cast<uint64_t>(p >> 64);
+        return static_cast<uint64_t>(p);
+#else
+        const uint64_t a0 = a & 0xFFFFFFFF, a1 = a >> 32, b0 = b & 0xFFFFFFFF, b1 = b >> 32;
+        uint64_t x0 = a0 * b0, x1 = a0 * b1, x2 = a1 * b0, x3 = a1 * b1;
+        x1 += (x0 >> 32); // can't give carry
+        x1 += x2;
+        if (x1 < x2)
+            x3 += (static_cast<uint64_t>(1) << 32);
+        uint64_t lo = (x1 << 32) + (x0 & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+        uint64_t hi = x3 + (x1 >> 32);
+
+        lo += k;
+        if (lo < k)
+            hi++;
+        *outHigh = hi;
+        return lo;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kBitCount = 3328;  // 64bit * 54 > 10^1000
+    static const size_t kCapacity = kBitCount / sizeof(Type);
+    static const size_t kTypeBit = sizeof(Type) * 8;
+
+    Type digits_[kCapacity];
+    size_t count_;
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_BIGINTEGER_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/diyfp.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/diyfp.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9fefdc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/diyfp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+// This is a C++ header-only implementation of Grisu2 algorithm from the publication:
+// Loitsch, Florian. "Printing floating-point numbers quickly and accurately with
+// integers." ACM Sigplan Notices 45.6 (2010): 233-243.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DIYFP_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIYFP_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse64)
+#pragma intrinsic(_umul128)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+struct DiyFp {
+    DiyFp() : f(), e() {}
+
+    DiyFp(uint64_t fp, int exp) : f(fp), e(exp) {}
+
+    explicit DiyFp(double d) {
+        union {
+            double d;
+            uint64_t u64;
+        } u = { d };
+
+        int biased_e = static_cast<int>((u.u64 & kDpExponentMask) >> kDpSignificandSize);
+        uint64_t significand = (u.u64 & kDpSignificandMask);
+        if (biased_e != 0) {
+            f = significand + kDpHiddenBit;
+            e = biased_e - kDpExponentBias;
+        } 
+        else {
+            f = significand;
+            e = kDpMinExponent + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    DiyFp operator-(const DiyFp& rhs) const {
+        return DiyFp(f - rhs.f, e);
+    }
+
+    DiyFp operator*(const DiyFp& rhs) const {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+        uint64_t h;
+        uint64_t l = _umul128(f, rhs.f, &h);
+        if (l & (uint64_t(1) << 63)) // rounding
+            h++;
+        return DiyFp(h, e + rhs.e + 64);
+#elif (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6)) && defined(__x86_64__)
+        __extension__ typedef unsigned __int128 uint128;
+        uint128 p = static_cast<uint128>(f) * static_cast<uint128>(rhs.f);
+        uint64_t h = static_cast<uint64_t>(p >> 64);
+        uint64_t l = static_cast<uint64_t>(p);
+        if (l & (uint64_t(1) << 63)) // rounding
+            h++;
+        return DiyFp(h, e + rhs.e + 64);
+#else
+        const uint64_t M32 = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+        const uint64_t a = f >> 32;
+        const uint64_t b = f & M32;
+        const uint64_t c = rhs.f >> 32;
+        const uint64_t d = rhs.f & M32;
+        const uint64_t ac = a * c;
+        const uint64_t bc = b * c;
+        const uint64_t ad = a * d;
+        const uint64_t bd = b * d;
+        uint64_t tmp = (bd >> 32) + (ad & M32) + (bc & M32);
+        tmp += 1U << 31;  /// mult_round
+        return DiyFp(ac + (ad >> 32) + (bc >> 32) + (tmp >> 32), e + rhs.e + 64);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    DiyFp Normalize() const {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+        unsigned long index;
+        _BitScanReverse64(&index, f);
+        return DiyFp(f << (63 - index), e - (63 - index));
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4
+        int s = __builtin_clzll(f);
+        return DiyFp(f << s, e - s);
+#else
+        DiyFp res = *this;
+        while (!(res.f & (static_cast<uint64_t>(1) << 63))) {
+            res.f <<= 1;
+            res.e--;
+        }
+        return res;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    DiyFp NormalizeBoundary() const {
+        DiyFp res = *this;
+        while (!(res.f & (kDpHiddenBit << 1))) {
+            res.f <<= 1;
+            res.e--;
+        }
+        res.f <<= (kDiySignificandSize - kDpSignificandSize - 2);
+        res.e = res.e - (kDiySignificandSize - kDpSignificandSize - 2);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    void NormalizedBoundaries(DiyFp* minus, DiyFp* plus) const {
+        DiyFp pl = DiyFp((f << 1) + 1, e - 1).NormalizeBoundary();
+        DiyFp mi = (f == kDpHiddenBit) ? DiyFp((f << 2) - 1, e - 2) : DiyFp((f << 1) - 1, e - 1);
+        mi.f <<= mi.e - pl.e;
+        mi.e = pl.e;
+        *plus = pl;
+        *minus = mi;
+    }
+
+    double ToDouble() const {
+        union {
+            double d;
+            uint64_t u64;
+        }u;
+        const uint64_t be = (e == kDpDenormalExponent && (f & kDpHiddenBit) == 0) ? 0 : 
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(e + kDpExponentBias);
+        u.u64 = (f & kDpSignificandMask) | (be << kDpSignificandSize);
+        return u.d;
+    }
+
+    static const int kDiySignificandSize = 64;
+    static const int kDpSignificandSize = 52;
+    static const int kDpExponentBias = 0x3FF + kDpSignificandSize;
+    static const int kDpMaxExponent = 0x7FF - kDpExponentBias;
+    static const int kDpMinExponent = -kDpExponentBias;
+    static const int kDpDenormalExponent = -kDpExponentBias + 1;
+    static const uint64_t kDpExponentMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x7FF00000, 0x00000000);
+    static const uint64_t kDpSignificandMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x000FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    static const uint64_t kDpHiddenBit = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x00100000, 0x00000000);
+
+    uint64_t f;
+    int e;
+};
+
+inline DiyFp GetCachedPowerByIndex(size_t index) {
+    // 10^-348, 10^-340, ..., 10^340
+    static const uint64_t kCachedPowers_F[] = {
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfa8fd5a0, 0x081c0288), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbaaee17f, 0xa23ebf76),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8b16fb20, 0x3055ac76), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xcf42894a, 0x5dce35ea),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9a6bb0aa, 0x55653b2d), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe61acf03, 0x3d1a45df),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xab70fe17, 0xc79ac6ca), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xff77b1fc, 0xbebcdc4f),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbe5691ef, 0x416bd60c), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8dd01fad, 0x907ffc3c),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd3515c28, 0x31559a83), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9d71ac8f, 0xada6c9b5),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xea9c2277, 0x23ee8bcb), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xaecc4991, 0x4078536d),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x823c1279, 0x5db6ce57), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc2109436, 0x4dfb5637),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9096ea6f, 0x3848984f), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd77485cb, 0x25823ac7),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa086cfcd, 0x97bf97f4), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xef340a98, 0x172aace5),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb23867fb, 0x2a35b28e), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x84c8d4df, 0xd2c63f3b),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc5dd4427, 0x1ad3cdba), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x936b9fce, 0xbb25c996),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xdbac6c24, 0x7d62a584), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa3ab6658, 0x0d5fdaf6),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf3e2f893, 0xdec3f126), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb5b5ada8, 0xaaff80b8),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x87625f05, 0x6c7c4a8b), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc9bcff60, 0x34c13053),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x964e858c, 0x91ba2655), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xdff97724, 0x70297ebd),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa6dfbd9f, 0xb8e5b88f), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf8a95fcf, 0x88747d94),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb9447093, 0x8fa89bcf), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8a08f0f8, 0xbf0f156b),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xcdb02555, 0x653131b6), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x993fe2c6, 0xd07b7fac),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe45c10c4, 0x2a2b3b06), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xaa242499, 0x697392d3),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfd87b5f2, 0x8300ca0e), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbce50864, 0x92111aeb),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8cbccc09, 0x6f5088cc), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd1b71758, 0xe219652c),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9c400000, 0x00000000), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe8d4a510, 0x00000000),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xad78ebc5, 0xac620000), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x813f3978, 0xf8940984),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc097ce7b, 0xc90715b3), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8f7e32ce, 0x7bea5c70),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd5d238a4, 0xabe98068), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9f4f2726, 0x179a2245),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xed63a231, 0xd4c4fb27), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb0de6538, 0x8cc8ada8),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x83c7088e, 0x1aab65db), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc45d1df9, 0x42711d9a),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x924d692c, 0xa61be758), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xda01ee64, 0x1a708dea),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa26da399, 0x9aef774a), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf209787b, 0xb47d6b85),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb454e4a1, 0x79dd1877), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x865b8692, 0x5b9bc5c2),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc83553c5, 0xc8965d3d), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x952ab45c, 0xfa97a0b3),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xde469fbd, 0x99a05fe3), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa59bc234, 0xdb398c25),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf6c69a72, 0xa3989f5c), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb7dcbf53, 0x54e9bece),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x88fcf317, 0xf22241e2), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xcc20ce9b, 0xd35c78a5),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x98165af3, 0x7b2153df), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe2a0b5dc, 0x971f303a),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa8d9d153, 0x5ce3b396), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfb9b7cd9, 0xa4a7443c),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbb764c4c, 0xa7a44410), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8bab8eef, 0xb6409c1a),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd01fef10, 0xa657842c), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9b10a4e5, 0xe9913129),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe7109bfb, 0xa19c0c9d), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xac2820d9, 0x623bf429),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x80444b5e, 0x7aa7cf85), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbf21e440, 0x03acdd2d),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8e679c2f, 0x5e44ff8f), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd433179d, 0x9c8cb841),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9e19db92, 0xb4e31ba9), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xeb96bf6e, 0xbadf77d9),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xaf87023b, 0x9bf0ee6b)
+    };
+    static const int16_t kCachedPowers_E[] = {
+        -1220, -1193, -1166, -1140, -1113, -1087, -1060, -1034, -1007,  -980,
+        -954,  -927,  -901,  -874,  -847,  -821,  -794,  -768,  -741,  -715,
+        -688,  -661,  -635,  -608,  -582,  -555,  -529,  -502,  -475,  -449,
+        -422,  -396,  -369,  -343,  -316,  -289,  -263,  -236,  -210,  -183,
+        -157,  -130,  -103,   -77,   -50,   -24,     3,    30,    56,    83,
+        109,   136,   162,   189,   216,   242,   269,   295,   322,   348,
+        375,   402,   428,   455,   481,   508,   534,   561,   588,   614,
+        641,   667,   694,   720,   747,   774,   800,   827,   853,   880,
+        907,   933,   960,   986,  1013,  1039,  1066
+    };
+    return DiyFp(kCachedPowers_F[index], kCachedPowers_E[index]);
+}
+    
+inline DiyFp GetCachedPower(int e, int* K) {
+
+    //int k = static_cast<int>(ceil((-61 - e) * 0.30102999566398114)) + 374;
+    double dk = (-61 - e) * 0.30102999566398114 + 347;  // dk must be positive, so can do ceiling in positive
+    int k = static_cast<int>(dk);
+    if (dk - k > 0.0)
+        k++;
+
+    unsigned index = static_cast<unsigned>((k >> 3) + 1);
+    *K = -(-348 + static_cast<int>(index << 3));    // decimal exponent no need lookup table
+
+    return GetCachedPowerByIndex(index);
+}
+
+inline DiyFp GetCachedPower10(int exp, int *outExp) {
+     unsigned index = (static_cast<unsigned>(exp) + 348u) / 8u;
+     *outExp = -348 + static_cast<int>(index) * 8;
+     return GetCachedPowerByIndex(index);
+ }
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DIYFP_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/dtoa.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/dtoa.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8d6350e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/dtoa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+// This is a C++ header-only implementation of Grisu2 algorithm from the publication:
+// Loitsch, Florian. "Printing floating-point numbers quickly and accurately with
+// integers." ACM Sigplan Notices 45.6 (2010): 233-243.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DTOA_
+#define RAPIDJSON_DTOA_
+
+#include "itoa.h" // GetDigitsLut()
+#include "diyfp.h"
+#include "ieee754.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(array-bounds) // some gcc versions generate wrong warnings https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59124
+#endif
+
+inline void GrisuRound(char* buffer, int len, uint64_t delta, uint64_t rest, uint64_t ten_kappa, uint64_t wp_w) {
+    while (rest < wp_w && delta - rest >= ten_kappa &&
+           (rest + ten_kappa < wp_w ||  /// closer
+            wp_w - rest > rest + ten_kappa - wp_w)) {
+        buffer[len - 1]--;
+        rest += ten_kappa;
+    }
+}
+
+inline unsigned CountDecimalDigit32(uint32_t n) {
+    // Simple pure C++ implementation was faster than __builtin_clz version in this situation.
+    if (n < 10) return 1;
+    if (n < 100) return 2;
+    if (n < 1000) return 3;
+    if (n < 10000) return 4;
+    if (n < 100000) return 5;
+    if (n < 1000000) return 6;
+    if (n < 10000000) return 7;
+    if (n < 100000000) return 8;
+    // Will not reach 10 digits in DigitGen()
+    //if (n < 1000000000) return 9;
+    //return 10;
+    return 9;
+}
+
+inline void DigitGen(const DiyFp& W, const DiyFp& Mp, uint64_t delta, char* buffer, int* len, int* K) {
+    static const uint32_t kPow10[] = { 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000 };
+    const DiyFp one(uint64_t(1) << -Mp.e, Mp.e);
+    const DiyFp wp_w = Mp - W;
+    uint32_t p1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(Mp.f >> -one.e);
+    uint64_t p2 = Mp.f & (one.f - 1);
+    unsigned kappa = CountDecimalDigit32(p1); // kappa in [0, 9]
+    *len = 0;
+
+    while (kappa > 0) {
+        uint32_t d = 0;
+        switch (kappa) {
+            case  9: d = p1 /  100000000; p1 %=  100000000; break;
+            case  8: d = p1 /   10000000; p1 %=   10000000; break;
+            case  7: d = p1 /    1000000; p1 %=    1000000; break;
+            case  6: d = p1 /     100000; p1 %=     100000; break;
+            case  5: d = p1 /      10000; p1 %=      10000; break;
+            case  4: d = p1 /       1000; p1 %=       1000; break;
+            case  3: d = p1 /        100; p1 %=        100; break;
+            case  2: d = p1 /         10; p1 %=         10; break;
+            case  1: d = p1;              p1 =           0; break;
+            default:;
+        }
+        if (d || *len)
+            buffer[(*len)++] = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(d));
+        kappa--;
+        uint64_t tmp = (static_cast<uint64_t>(p1) << -one.e) + p2;
+        if (tmp <= delta) {
+            *K += kappa;
+            GrisuRound(buffer, *len, delta, tmp, static_cast<uint64_t>(kPow10[kappa]) << -one.e, wp_w.f);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // kappa = 0
+    for (;;) {
+        p2 *= 10;
+        delta *= 10;
+        char d = static_cast<char>(p2 >> -one.e);
+        if (d || *len)
+            buffer[(*len)++] = static_cast<char>('0' + d);
+        p2 &= one.f - 1;
+        kappa--;
+        if (p2 < delta) {
+            *K += kappa;
+            int index = -static_cast<int>(kappa);
+            GrisuRound(buffer, *len, delta, p2, one.f, wp_w.f * (index < 9 ? kPow10[-static_cast<int>(kappa)] : 0));
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline void Grisu2(double value, char* buffer, int* length, int* K) {
+    const DiyFp v(value);
+    DiyFp w_m, w_p;
+    v.NormalizedBoundaries(&w_m, &w_p);
+
+    const DiyFp c_mk = GetCachedPower(w_p.e, K);
+    const DiyFp W = v.Normalize() * c_mk;
+    DiyFp Wp = w_p * c_mk;
+    DiyFp Wm = w_m * c_mk;
+    Wm.f++;
+    Wp.f--;
+    DigitGen(W, Wp, Wp.f - Wm.f, buffer, length, K);
+}
+
+inline char* WriteExponent(int K, char* buffer) {
+    if (K < 0) {
+        *buffer++ = '-';
+        K = -K;
+    }
+
+    if (K >= 100) {
+        *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(K / 100));
+        K %= 100;
+        const char* d = GetDigitsLut() + K * 2;
+        *buffer++ = d[0];
+        *buffer++ = d[1];
+    }
+    else if (K >= 10) {
+        const char* d = GetDigitsLut() + K * 2;
+        *buffer++ = d[0];
+        *buffer++ = d[1];
+    }
+    else
+        *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(K));
+
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+inline char* Prettify(char* buffer, int length, int k, int maxDecimalPlaces) {
+    const int kk = length + k;  // 10^(kk-1) <= v < 10^kk
+
+    if (0 <= k && kk <= 21) {
+        // 1234e7 -> 12340000000
+        for (int i = length; i < kk; i++)
+            buffer[i] = '0';
+        buffer[kk] = '.';
+        buffer[kk + 1] = '0';
+        return &buffer[kk + 2];
+    }
+    else if (0 < kk && kk <= 21) {
+        // 1234e-2 -> 12.34
+        std::memmove(&buffer[kk + 1], &buffer[kk], static_cast<size_t>(length - kk));
+        buffer[kk] = '.';
+        if (0 > k + maxDecimalPlaces) {
+            // When maxDecimalPlaces = 2, 1.2345 -> 1.23, 1.102 -> 1.1
+            // Remove extra trailing zeros (at least one) after truncation.
+            for (int i = kk + maxDecimalPlaces; i > kk + 1; i--)
+                if (buffer[i] != '0')
+                    return &buffer[i + 1];
+            return &buffer[kk + 2]; // Reserve one zero
+        }
+        else
+            return &buffer[length + 1];
+    }
+    else if (-6 < kk && kk <= 0) {
+        // 1234e-6 -> 0.001234
+        const int offset = 2 - kk;
+        std::memmove(&buffer[offset], &buffer[0], static_cast<size_t>(length));
+        buffer[0] = '0';
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        for (int i = 2; i < offset; i++)
+            buffer[i] = '0';
+        if (length - kk > maxDecimalPlaces) {
+            // When maxDecimalPlaces = 2, 0.123 -> 0.12, 0.102 -> 0.1
+            // Remove extra trailing zeros (at least one) after truncation.
+            for (int i = maxDecimalPlaces + 1; i > 2; i--)
+                if (buffer[i] != '0')
+                    return &buffer[i + 1];
+            return &buffer[3]; // Reserve one zero
+        }
+        else
+            return &buffer[length + offset];
+    }
+    else if (kk < -maxDecimalPlaces) {
+        // Truncate to zero
+        buffer[0] = '0';
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        buffer[2] = '0';
+        return &buffer[3];
+    }
+    else if (length == 1) {
+        // 1e30
+        buffer[1] = 'e';
+        return WriteExponent(kk - 1, &buffer[2]);
+    }
+    else {
+        // 1234e30 -> 1.234e33
+        std::memmove(&buffer[2], &buffer[1], static_cast<size_t>(length - 1));
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        buffer[length + 1] = 'e';
+        return WriteExponent(kk - 1, &buffer[0 + length + 2]);
+    }
+}
+
+inline char* dtoa(double value, char* buffer, int maxDecimalPlaces = 324) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(maxDecimalPlaces >= 1);
+    Double d(value);
+    if (d.IsZero()) {
+        if (d.Sign())
+            *buffer++ = '-';     // -0.0, Issue #289
+        buffer[0] = '0';
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        buffer[2] = '0';
+        return &buffer[3];
+    }
+    else {
+        if (value < 0) {
+            *buffer++ = '-';
+            value = -value;
+        }
+        int length, K;
+        Grisu2(value, buffer, &length, &K);
+        return Prettify(buffer, length, K, maxDecimalPlaces);
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DTOA_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/ieee754.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/ieee754.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..82bb0b99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/ieee754.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_IEEE754_
+#define RAPIDJSON_IEEE754_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+class Double {
+public:
+    Double() {}
+    Double(double d) : d_(d) {}
+    Double(uint64_t u) : u_(u) {}
+
+    double Value() const { return d_; }
+    uint64_t Uint64Value() const { return u_; }
+
+    double NextPositiveDouble() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Sign());
+        return Double(u_ + 1).Value();
+    }
+
+    bool Sign() const { return (u_ & kSignMask) != 0; }
+    uint64_t Significand() const { return u_ & kSignificandMask; }
+    int Exponent() const { return static_cast<int>(((u_ & kExponentMask) >> kSignificandSize) - kExponentBias); }
+
+    bool IsNan() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) == kExponentMask && Significand() != 0; }
+    bool IsInf() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) == kExponentMask && Significand() == 0; }
+    bool IsNanOrInf() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) == kExponentMask; }
+    bool IsNormal() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) != 0 || Significand() == 0; }
+    bool IsZero() const { return (u_ & (kExponentMask | kSignificandMask)) == 0; }
+
+    uint64_t IntegerSignificand() const { return IsNormal() ? Significand() | kHiddenBit : Significand(); }
+    int IntegerExponent() const { return (IsNormal() ? Exponent() : kDenormalExponent) - kSignificandSize; }
+    uint64_t ToBias() const { return (u_ & kSignMask) ? ~u_ + 1 : u_ | kSignMask; }
+
+    static unsigned EffectiveSignificandSize(int order) {
+        if (order >= -1021)
+            return 53;
+        else if (order <= -1074)
+            return 0;
+        else
+            return static_cast<unsigned>(order) + 1074;
+    }
+
+private:
+    static const int kSignificandSize = 52;
+    static const int kExponentBias = 0x3FF;
+    static const int kDenormalExponent = 1 - kExponentBias;
+    static const uint64_t kSignMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x80000000, 0x00000000);
+    static const uint64_t kExponentMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x7FF00000, 0x00000000);
+    static const uint64_t kSignificandMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x000FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    static const uint64_t kHiddenBit = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x00100000, 0x00000000);
+
+    union {
+        double d_;
+        uint64_t u_;
+    };
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_IEEE754_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/itoa.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/itoa.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01a4e7e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/itoa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ITOA_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ITOA_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+inline const char* GetDigitsLut() {
+    static const char cDigitsLut[200] = {
+        '0','0','0','1','0','2','0','3','0','4','0','5','0','6','0','7','0','8','0','9',
+        '1','0','1','1','1','2','1','3','1','4','1','5','1','6','1','7','1','8','1','9',
+        '2','0','2','1','2','2','2','3','2','4','2','5','2','6','2','7','2','8','2','9',
+        '3','0','3','1','3','2','3','3','3','4','3','5','3','6','3','7','3','8','3','9',
+        '4','0','4','1','4','2','4','3','4','4','4','5','4','6','4','7','4','8','4','9',
+        '5','0','5','1','5','2','5','3','5','4','5','5','5','6','5','7','5','8','5','9',
+        '6','0','6','1','6','2','6','3','6','4','6','5','6','6','6','7','6','8','6','9',
+        '7','0','7','1','7','2','7','3','7','4','7','5','7','6','7','7','7','8','7','9',
+        '8','0','8','1','8','2','8','3','8','4','8','5','8','6','8','7','8','8','8','9',
+        '9','0','9','1','9','2','9','3','9','4','9','5','9','6','9','7','9','8','9','9'
+    };
+    return cDigitsLut;
+}
+
+inline char* u32toa(uint32_t value, char* buffer) {
+    const char* cDigitsLut = GetDigitsLut();
+
+    if (value < 10000) {
+        const uint32_t d1 = (value / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (value % 100) << 1;
+        
+        if (value >= 1000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        if (value >= 100)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        if (value >= 10)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+    }
+    else if (value < 100000000) {
+        // value = bbbbcccc
+        const uint32_t b = value / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c = value % 10000;
+        
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c % 100) << 1;
+        
+        if (value >= 10000000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        if (value >= 1000000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        if (value >= 100000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+    }
+    else {
+        // value = aabbbbcccc in decimal
+        
+        const uint32_t a = value / 100000000; // 1 to 42
+        value %= 100000000;
+        
+        if (a >= 10) {
+            const unsigned i = a << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+        }
+        else
+            *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(a));
+
+        const uint32_t b = value / 10000; // 0 to 9999
+        const uint32_t c = value % 10000; // 0 to 9999
+        
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c % 100) << 1;
+        
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+    }
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+inline char* i32toa(int32_t value, char* buffer) {
+    uint32_t u = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
+    if (value < 0) {
+        *buffer++ = '-';
+        u = ~u + 1;
+    }
+
+    return u32toa(u, buffer);
+}
+
+inline char* u64toa(uint64_t value, char* buffer) {
+    const char* cDigitsLut = GetDigitsLut();
+    const uint64_t  kTen8 = 100000000;
+    const uint64_t  kTen9 = kTen8 * 10;
+    const uint64_t kTen10 = kTen8 * 100;
+    const uint64_t kTen11 = kTen8 * 1000;
+    const uint64_t kTen12 = kTen8 * 10000;
+    const uint64_t kTen13 = kTen8 * 100000;
+    const uint64_t kTen14 = kTen8 * 1000000;
+    const uint64_t kTen15 = kTen8 * 10000000;
+    const uint64_t kTen16 = kTen8 * kTen8;
+    
+    if (value < kTen8) {
+        uint32_t v = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
+        if (v < 10000) {
+            const uint32_t d1 = (v / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t d2 = (v % 100) << 1;
+            
+            if (v >= 1000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+            if (v >= 100)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+            if (v >= 10)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        }
+        else {
+            // value = bbbbcccc
+            const uint32_t b = v / 10000;
+            const uint32_t c = v % 10000;
+            
+            const uint32_t d1 = (b / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t d2 = (b % 100) << 1;
+            
+            const uint32_t d3 = (c / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t d4 = (c % 100) << 1;
+            
+            if (value >= 10000000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+            if (value >= 1000000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+            if (value >= 100000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+            
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+        }
+    }
+    else if (value < kTen16) {
+        const uint32_t v0 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value / kTen8);
+        const uint32_t v1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value % kTen8);
+        
+        const uint32_t b0 = v0 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c0 = v0 % 10000;
+        
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b0 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c0 % 100) << 1;
+
+        const uint32_t b1 = v1 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c1 = v1 % 10000;
+        
+        const uint32_t d5 = (b1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d6 = (b1 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d7 = (c1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d8 = (c1 % 100) << 1;
+
+        if (value >= kTen15)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        if (value >= kTen14)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        if (value >= kTen13)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        if (value >= kTen12)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        if (value >= kTen11)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        if (value >= kTen10)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        if (value >= kTen9)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+        if (value >= kTen8)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+        
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8 + 1];
+    }
+    else {
+        const uint32_t a = static_cast<uint32_t>(value / kTen16); // 1 to 1844
+        value %= kTen16;
+        
+        if (a < 10)
+            *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(a));
+        else if (a < 100) {
+            const uint32_t i = a << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+        }
+        else if (a < 1000) {
+            *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(a / 100));
+            
+            const uint32_t i = (a % 100) << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+        }
+        else {
+            const uint32_t i = (a / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t j = (a % 100) << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[j];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[j + 1];
+        }
+        
+        const uint32_t v0 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value / kTen8);
+        const uint32_t v1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value % kTen8);
+        
+        const uint32_t b0 = v0 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c0 = v0 % 10000;
+        
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b0 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c0 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t b1 = v1 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c1 = v1 % 10000;
+        
+        const uint32_t d5 = (b1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d6 = (b1 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d7 = (c1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d8 = (c1 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8 + 1];
+    }
+    
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+inline char* i64toa(int64_t value, char* buffer) {
+    uint64_t u = static_cast<uint64_t>(value);
+    if (value < 0) {
+        *buffer++ = '-';
+        u = ~u + 1;
+    }
+
+    return u64toa(u, buffer);
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ITOA_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/meta.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/meta.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a9aaa42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/meta.h
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(6334)
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif
+
+//@cond RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+// Helper to wrap/convert arbitrary types to void, useful for arbitrary type matching
+template <typename T> struct Void { typedef void Type; };
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// BoolType, TrueType, FalseType
+//
+template <bool Cond> struct BoolType {
+    static const bool Value = Cond;
+    typedef BoolType Type;
+};
+typedef BoolType<true> TrueType;
+typedef BoolType<false> FalseType;
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SelectIf, BoolExpr, NotExpr, AndExpr, OrExpr
+//
+
+template <bool C> struct SelectIfImpl { template <typename T1, typename T2> struct Apply { typedef T1 Type; }; };
+template <> struct SelectIfImpl<false> { template <typename T1, typename T2> struct Apply { typedef T2 Type; }; };
+template <bool C, typename T1, typename T2> struct SelectIfCond : SelectIfImpl<C>::template Apply<T1,T2> {};
+template <typename C, typename T1, typename T2> struct SelectIf : SelectIfCond<C::Value, T1, T2> {};
+
+template <bool Cond1, bool Cond2> struct AndExprCond : FalseType {};
+template <> struct AndExprCond<true, true> : TrueType {};
+template <bool Cond1, bool Cond2> struct OrExprCond : TrueType {};
+template <> struct OrExprCond<false, false> : FalseType {};
+
+template <typename C> struct BoolExpr : SelectIf<C,TrueType,FalseType>::Type {};
+template <typename C> struct NotExpr  : SelectIf<C,FalseType,TrueType>::Type {};
+template <typename C1, typename C2> struct AndExpr : AndExprCond<C1::Value, C2::Value>::Type {};
+template <typename C1, typename C2> struct OrExpr  : OrExprCond<C1::Value, C2::Value>::Type {};
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AddConst, MaybeAddConst, RemoveConst
+template <typename T> struct AddConst { typedef const T Type; };
+template <bool Constify, typename T> struct MaybeAddConst : SelectIfCond<Constify, const T, T> {};
+template <typename T> struct RemoveConst { typedef T Type; };
+template <typename T> struct RemoveConst<const T> { typedef T Type; };
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// IsSame, IsConst, IsMoreConst, IsPointer
+//
+template <typename T, typename U> struct IsSame : FalseType {};
+template <typename T> struct IsSame<T, T> : TrueType {};
+
+template <typename T> struct IsConst : FalseType {};
+template <typename T> struct IsConst<const T> : TrueType {};
+
+template <typename CT, typename T>
+struct IsMoreConst
+    : AndExpr<IsSame<typename RemoveConst<CT>::Type, typename RemoveConst<T>::Type>,
+              BoolType<IsConst<CT>::Value >= IsConst<T>::Value> >::Type {};
+
+template <typename T> struct IsPointer : FalseType {};
+template <typename T> struct IsPointer<T*> : TrueType {};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// IsBaseOf
+//
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+
+template <typename B, typename D> struct IsBaseOf
+    : BoolType< ::std::is_base_of<B,D>::value> {};
+
+#else // simplified version adopted from Boost
+
+template<typename B, typename D> struct IsBaseOfImpl {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(B) != 0);
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(D) != 0);
+
+    typedef char (&Yes)[1];
+    typedef char (&No) [2];
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static Yes Check(const D*, T);
+    static No  Check(const B*, int);
+
+    struct Host {
+        operator const B*() const;
+        operator const D*();
+    };
+
+    enum { Value = (sizeof(Check(Host(), 0)) == sizeof(Yes)) };
+};
+
+template <typename B, typename D> struct IsBaseOf
+    : OrExpr<IsSame<B, D>, BoolExpr<IsBaseOfImpl<B, D> > >::Type {};
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// EnableIf / DisableIf
+//
+template <bool Condition, typename T = void> struct EnableIfCond  { typedef T Type; };
+template <typename T> struct EnableIfCond<false, T> { /* empty */ };
+
+template <bool Condition, typename T = void> struct DisableIfCond { typedef T Type; };
+template <typename T> struct DisableIfCond<true, T> { /* empty */ };
+
+template <typename Condition, typename T = void>
+struct EnableIf : EnableIfCond<Condition::Value, T> {};
+
+template <typename Condition, typename T = void>
+struct DisableIf : DisableIfCond<Condition::Value, T> {};
+
+// SFINAE helpers
+struct SfinaeTag {};
+template <typename T> struct RemoveSfinaeTag;
+template <typename T> struct RemoveSfinaeTag<SfinaeTag&(*)(T)> { typedef T Type; };
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(type) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::RemoveSfinaeTag \
+        < ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::SfinaeTag&(*) type>::Type
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENABLEIF(cond) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::EnableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond)>::Type * = NULL
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF(cond) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::DisableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond)>::Type * = NULL
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENABLEIF_RETURN(cond,returntype) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::EnableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond), \
+         RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(returntype)>::Type
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN(cond,returntype) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::DisableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond), \
+         RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(returntype)>::Type
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+//@endcond
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/pow10.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/pow10.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..02f475d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/pow10.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_POW10_
+#define RAPIDJSON_POW10_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+//! Computes integer powers of 10 in double (10.0^n).
+/*! This function uses lookup table for fast and accurate results.
+    \param n non-negative exponent. Must <= 308.
+    \return 10.0^n
+*/
+inline double Pow10(int n) {
+    static const double e[] = { // 1e-0...1e308: 309 * 8 bytes = 2472 bytes
+        1e+0,  
+        1e+1,  1e+2,  1e+3,  1e+4,  1e+5,  1e+6,  1e+7,  1e+8,  1e+9,  1e+10, 1e+11, 1e+12, 1e+13, 1e+14, 1e+15, 1e+16, 1e+17, 1e+18, 1e+19, 1e+20, 
+        1e+21, 1e+22, 1e+23, 1e+24, 1e+25, 1e+26, 1e+27, 1e+28, 1e+29, 1e+30, 1e+31, 1e+32, 1e+33, 1e+34, 1e+35, 1e+36, 1e+37, 1e+38, 1e+39, 1e+40,
+        1e+41, 1e+42, 1e+43, 1e+44, 1e+45, 1e+46, 1e+47, 1e+48, 1e+49, 1e+50, 1e+51, 1e+52, 1e+53, 1e+54, 1e+55, 1e+56, 1e+57, 1e+58, 1e+59, 1e+60,
+        1e+61, 1e+62, 1e+63, 1e+64, 1e+65, 1e+66, 1e+67, 1e+68, 1e+69, 1e+70, 1e+71, 1e+72, 1e+73, 1e+74, 1e+75, 1e+76, 1e+77, 1e+78, 1e+79, 1e+80,
+        1e+81, 1e+82, 1e+83, 1e+84, 1e+85, 1e+86, 1e+87, 1e+88, 1e+89, 1e+90, 1e+91, 1e+92, 1e+93, 1e+94, 1e+95, 1e+96, 1e+97, 1e+98, 1e+99, 1e+100,
+        1e+101,1e+102,1e+103,1e+104,1e+105,1e+106,1e+107,1e+108,1e+109,1e+110,1e+111,1e+112,1e+113,1e+114,1e+115,1e+116,1e+117,1e+118,1e+119,1e+120,
+        1e+121,1e+122,1e+123,1e+124,1e+125,1e+126,1e+127,1e+128,1e+129,1e+130,1e+131,1e+132,1e+133,1e+134,1e+135,1e+136,1e+137,1e+138,1e+139,1e+140,
+        1e+141,1e+142,1e+143,1e+144,1e+145,1e+146,1e+147,1e+148,1e+149,1e+150,1e+151,1e+152,1e+153,1e+154,1e+155,1e+156,1e+157,1e+158,1e+159,1e+160,
+        1e+161,1e+162,1e+163,1e+164,1e+165,1e+166,1e+167,1e+168,1e+169,1e+170,1e+171,1e+172,1e+173,1e+174,1e+175,1e+176,1e+177,1e+178,1e+179,1e+180,
+        1e+181,1e+182,1e+183,1e+184,1e+185,1e+186,1e+187,1e+188,1e+189,1e+190,1e+191,1e+192,1e+193,1e+194,1e+195,1e+196,1e+197,1e+198,1e+199,1e+200,
+        1e+201,1e+202,1e+203,1e+204,1e+205,1e+206,1e+207,1e+208,1e+209,1e+210,1e+211,1e+212,1e+213,1e+214,1e+215,1e+216,1e+217,1e+218,1e+219,1e+220,
+        1e+221,1e+222,1e+223,1e+224,1e+225,1e+226,1e+227,1e+228,1e+229,1e+230,1e+231,1e+232,1e+233,1e+234,1e+235,1e+236,1e+237,1e+238,1e+239,1e+240,
+        1e+241,1e+242,1e+243,1e+244,1e+245,1e+246,1e+247,1e+248,1e+249,1e+250,1e+251,1e+252,1e+253,1e+254,1e+255,1e+256,1e+257,1e+258,1e+259,1e+260,
+        1e+261,1e+262,1e+263,1e+264,1e+265,1e+266,1e+267,1e+268,1e+269,1e+270,1e+271,1e+272,1e+273,1e+274,1e+275,1e+276,1e+277,1e+278,1e+279,1e+280,
+        1e+281,1e+282,1e+283,1e+284,1e+285,1e+286,1e+287,1e+288,1e+289,1e+290,1e+291,1e+292,1e+293,1e+294,1e+295,1e+296,1e+297,1e+298,1e+299,1e+300,
+        1e+301,1e+302,1e+303,1e+304,1e+305,1e+306,1e+307,1e+308
+    };
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n <= 308);
+    return e[n];
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_POW10_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/regex.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/regex.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..422a5240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/regex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_REGEX_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_REGEX_H_
+
+#include "../allocators.h"
+#include "../stream.h"
+#include "stack.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(implicit-fallthrough)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512) // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_REGEX_VERBOSE
+#define RAPIDJSON_REGEX_VERBOSE 0
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericRegex
+
+static const SizeType kRegexInvalidState = ~SizeType(0);  //!< Represents an invalid index in GenericRegex::State::out, out1
+static const SizeType kRegexInvalidRange = ~SizeType(0);
+
+//! Regular expression engine with subset of ECMAscript grammar.
+/*!
+    Supported regular expression syntax:
+    - \c ab     Concatenation
+    - \c a|b    Alternation
+    - \c a?     Zero or one
+    - \c a*     Zero or more
+    - \c a+     One or more
+    - \c a{3}   Exactly 3 times
+    - \c a{3,}  At least 3 times
+    - \c a{3,5} 3 to 5 times
+    - \c (ab)   Grouping
+    - \c ^a     At the beginning
+    - \c a$     At the end
+    - \c .      Any character
+    - \c [abc]  Character classes
+    - \c [a-c]  Character class range
+    - \c [a-z0-9_] Character class combination
+    - \c [^abc] Negated character classes
+    - \c [^a-c] Negated character class range
+    - \c [\b]   Backspace (U+0008)
+    - \c \\| \\\\ ...  Escape characters
+    - \c \\f Form feed (U+000C)
+    - \c \\n Line feed (U+000A)
+    - \c \\r Carriage return (U+000D)
+    - \c \\t Tab (U+0009)
+    - \c \\v Vertical tab (U+000B)
+
+    \note This is a Thompson NFA engine, implemented with reference to 
+        Cox, Russ. "Regular Expression Matching Can Be Simple And Fast (but is slow in Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby,...).", 
+        https://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp1.html 
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericRegex {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericRegex(const Ch* source, Allocator* allocator = 0) : 
+        states_(allocator, 256), ranges_(allocator, 256), root_(kRegexInvalidState), stateCount_(), rangeCount_(), 
+        stateSet_(), state0_(allocator, 0), state1_(allocator, 0), anchorBegin_(), anchorEnd_()
+    {
+        GenericStringStream<Encoding> ss(source);
+        DecodedStream<GenericStringStream<Encoding> > ds(ss);
+        Parse(ds);
+    }
+
+    ~GenericRegex() {
+        Allocator::Free(stateSet_);
+    }
+
+    bool IsValid() const {
+        return root_ != kRegexInvalidState;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool Match(InputStream& is) const {
+        return SearchWithAnchoring(is, true, true);
+    }
+
+    bool Match(const Ch* s) const {
+        GenericStringStream<Encoding> is(s);
+        return Match(is);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool Search(InputStream& is) const {
+        return SearchWithAnchoring(is, anchorBegin_, anchorEnd_);
+    }
+
+    bool Search(const Ch* s) const {
+        GenericStringStream<Encoding> is(s);
+        return Search(is);
+    }
+
+private:
+    enum Operator {
+        kZeroOrOne,
+        kZeroOrMore,
+        kOneOrMore,
+        kConcatenation,
+        kAlternation,
+        kLeftParenthesis
+    };
+
+    static const unsigned kAnyCharacterClass = 0xFFFFFFFF;   //!< For '.'
+    static const unsigned kRangeCharacterClass = 0xFFFFFFFE;
+    static const unsigned kRangeNegationFlag = 0x80000000;
+
+    struct Range {
+        unsigned start; // 
+        unsigned end;
+        SizeType next;
+    };
+
+    struct State {
+        SizeType out;     //!< Equals to kInvalid for matching state
+        SizeType out1;    //!< Equals to non-kInvalid for split
+        SizeType rangeStart;
+        unsigned codepoint;
+    };
+
+    struct Frag {
+        Frag(SizeType s, SizeType o, SizeType m) : start(s), out(o), minIndex(m) {}
+        SizeType start;
+        SizeType out; //!< link-list of all output states
+        SizeType minIndex;
+    };
+
+    template <typename SourceStream>
+    class DecodedStream {
+    public:
+        DecodedStream(SourceStream& ss) : ss_(ss), codepoint_() { Decode(); }
+        unsigned Peek() { return codepoint_; }
+        unsigned Take() {
+            unsigned c = codepoint_;
+            if (c) // No further decoding when '\0'
+                Decode();
+            return c;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        void Decode() {
+            if (!Encoding::Decode(ss_, &codepoint_))
+                codepoint_ = 0;
+        }
+
+        SourceStream& ss_;
+        unsigned codepoint_;
+    };
+
+    State& GetState(SizeType index) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < stateCount_);
+        return states_.template Bottom<State>()[index];
+    }
+
+    const State& GetState(SizeType index) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < stateCount_);
+        return states_.template Bottom<State>()[index];
+    }
+
+    Range& GetRange(SizeType index) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < rangeCount_);
+        return ranges_.template Bottom<Range>()[index];
+    }
+
+    const Range& GetRange(SizeType index) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < rangeCount_);
+        return ranges_.template Bottom<Range>()[index];
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    void Parse(DecodedStream<InputStream>& ds) {
+        Allocator allocator;
+        Stack<Allocator> operandStack(&allocator, 256);     // Frag
+        Stack<Allocator> operatorStack(&allocator, 256);    // Operator
+        Stack<Allocator> atomCountStack(&allocator, 256);   // unsigned (Atom per parenthesis)
+
+        *atomCountStack.template Push<unsigned>() = 0;
+
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        while (ds.Peek() != 0) {
+            switch (codepoint = ds.Take()) {
+                case '^':
+                    anchorBegin_ = true;
+                    break;
+
+                case '$':
+                    anchorEnd_ = true;
+                    break;
+
+                case '|':
+                    while (!operatorStack.Empty() && *operatorStack.template Top<Operator>() < kAlternation)
+                        if (!Eval(operandStack, *operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1)))
+                            return;
+                    *operatorStack.template Push<Operator>() = kAlternation;
+                    *atomCountStack.template Top<unsigned>() = 0;
+                    break;
+
+                case '(':
+                    *operatorStack.template Push<Operator>() = kLeftParenthesis;
+                    *atomCountStack.template Push<unsigned>() = 0;
+                    break;
+
+                case ')':
+                    while (!operatorStack.Empty() && *operatorStack.template Top<Operator>() != kLeftParenthesis)
+                        if (!Eval(operandStack, *operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1)))
+                            return;
+                    if (operatorStack.Empty())
+                        return;
+                    operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1);
+                    atomCountStack.template Pop<unsigned>(1);
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+                    break;
+
+                case '?':
+                    if (!Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrOne))
+                        return;
+                    break;
+
+                case '*':
+                    if (!Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrMore))
+                        return;
+                    break;
+
+                case '+':
+                    if (!Eval(operandStack, kOneOrMore))
+                        return;
+                    break;
+
+                case '{':
+                    {
+                        unsigned n, m;
+                        if (!ParseUnsigned(ds, &n))
+                            return;
+
+                        if (ds.Peek() == ',') {
+                            ds.Take();
+                            if (ds.Peek() == '}')
+                                m = kInfinityQuantifier;
+                            else if (!ParseUnsigned(ds, &m) || m < n)
+                                return;
+                        }
+                        else
+                            m = n;
+
+                        if (!EvalQuantifier(operandStack, n, m) || ds.Peek() != '}')
+                            return;
+                        ds.Take();
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                case '.':
+                    PushOperand(operandStack, kAnyCharacterClass);
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+                    break;
+
+                case '[':
+                    {
+                        SizeType range;
+                        if (!ParseRange(ds, &range))
+                            return;
+                        SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, kRegexInvalidState, kRangeCharacterClass);
+                        GetState(s).rangeStart = range;
+                        *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, s, s);
+                    }
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+                    break;
+
+                case '\\': // Escape character
+                    if (!CharacterEscape(ds, &codepoint))
+                        return; // Unsupported escape character
+                    // fall through to default
+
+                default: // Pattern character
+                    PushOperand(operandStack, codepoint);
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+            }
+        }
+
+        while (!operatorStack.Empty())
+            if (!Eval(operandStack, *operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1)))
+                return;
+
+        // Link the operand to matching state.
+        if (operandStack.GetSize() == sizeof(Frag)) {
+            Frag* e = operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+            Patch(e->out, NewState(kRegexInvalidState, kRegexInvalidState, 0));
+            root_ = e->start;
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_REGEX_VERBOSE
+            printf("root: %d\n", root_);
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < stateCount_ ; i++) {
+                State& s = GetState(i);
+                printf("[%2d] out: %2d out1: %2d c: '%c'\n", i, s.out, s.out1, (char)s.codepoint);
+            }
+            printf("\n");
+#endif
+        }
+
+        // Preallocate buffer for SearchWithAnchoring()
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stateSet_ == 0);
+        if (stateCount_ > 0) {
+            stateSet_ = static_cast<unsigned*>(states_.GetAllocator().Malloc(GetStateSetSize()));
+            state0_.template Reserve<SizeType>(stateCount_);
+            state1_.template Reserve<SizeType>(stateCount_);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SizeType NewState(SizeType out, SizeType out1, unsigned codepoint) {
+        State* s = states_.template Push<State>();
+        s->out = out;
+        s->out1 = out1;
+        s->codepoint = codepoint;
+        s->rangeStart = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        return stateCount_++;
+    }
+
+    void PushOperand(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack, unsigned codepoint) {
+        SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, kRegexInvalidState, codepoint);
+        *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, s, s);
+    }
+
+    void ImplicitConcatenation(Stack<Allocator>& atomCountStack, Stack<Allocator>& operatorStack) {
+        if (*atomCountStack.template Top<unsigned>())
+            *operatorStack.template Push<Operator>() = kConcatenation;
+        (*atomCountStack.template Top<unsigned>())++;
+    }
+
+    SizeType Append(SizeType l1, SizeType l2) {
+        SizeType old = l1;
+        while (GetState(l1).out != kRegexInvalidState)
+            l1 = GetState(l1).out;
+        GetState(l1).out = l2;
+        return old;
+    }
+
+    void Patch(SizeType l, SizeType s) {
+        for (SizeType next; l != kRegexInvalidState; l = next) {
+            next = GetState(l).out;
+            GetState(l).out = s;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool Eval(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack, Operator op) {
+        switch (op) {
+            case kConcatenation:
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag) * 2);
+                {
+                    Frag e2 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    Frag e1 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    Patch(e1.out, e2.start);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(e1.start, e2.out, Min(e1.minIndex, e2.minIndex));
+                }
+                return true;
+
+            case kAlternation:
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag) * 2) {
+                    Frag e2 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    Frag e1 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(e1.start, e2.start, 0);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, Append(e1.out, e2.out), Min(e1.minIndex, e2.minIndex));
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+
+            case kZeroOrOne:
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag)) {
+                    Frag e = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, e.start, 0);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, Append(e.out, s), e.minIndex);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+
+            case kZeroOrMore:
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag)) {
+                    Frag e = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, e.start, 0);
+                    Patch(e.out, s);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, s, e.minIndex);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+
+            default: 
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(op == kOneOrMore);
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag)) {
+                    Frag e = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, e.start, 0);
+                    Patch(e.out, s);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(e.start, s, e.minIndex);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool EvalQuantifier(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack, unsigned n, unsigned m) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(n <= m);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag));
+
+        if (n == 0) {
+            if (m == 0)                             // a{0} not support
+                return false;
+            else if (m == kInfinityQuantifier)
+                Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrMore);    // a{0,} -> a*
+            else {
+                Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrOne);         // a{0,5} -> a?
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m - 1; i++)
+                    CloneTopOperand(operandStack);      // a{0,5} -> a? a? a? a? a?
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m - 1; i++)
+                    Eval(operandStack, kConcatenation); // a{0,5} -> a?a?a?a?a?
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)        // a{3} -> a a a
+            CloneTopOperand(operandStack);
+
+        if (m == kInfinityQuantifier)
+            Eval(operandStack, kOneOrMore);         // a{3,} -> a a a+
+        else if (m > n) {
+            CloneTopOperand(operandStack);          // a{3,5} -> a a a a
+            Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrOne);         // a{3,5} -> a a a a?
+            for (unsigned i = n; i < m - 1; i++)
+                CloneTopOperand(operandStack);      // a{3,5} -> a a a a? a?
+            for (unsigned i = n; i < m; i++)
+                Eval(operandStack, kConcatenation); // a{3,5} -> a a aa?a?
+        }
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
+            Eval(operandStack, kConcatenation);     // a{3} -> aaa, a{3,} -> aaa+, a{3.5} -> aaaa?a?
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static SizeType Min(SizeType a, SizeType b) { return a < b ? a : b; }
+
+    void CloneTopOperand(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack) {
+        const Frag src = *operandStack.template Top<Frag>(); // Copy constructor to prevent invalidation
+        SizeType count = stateCount_ - src.minIndex; // Assumes top operand contains states in [src->minIndex, stateCount_)
+        State* s = states_.template Push<State>(count);
+        memcpy(s, &GetState(src.minIndex), count * sizeof(State));
+        for (SizeType j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+            if (s[j].out != kRegexInvalidState)
+                s[j].out += count;
+            if (s[j].out1 != kRegexInvalidState)
+                s[j].out1 += count;
+        }
+        *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(src.start + count, src.out + count, src.minIndex + count);
+        stateCount_ += count;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool ParseUnsigned(DecodedStream<InputStream>& ds, unsigned* u) {
+        unsigned r = 0;
+        if (ds.Peek() < '0' || ds.Peek() > '9')
+            return false;
+        while (ds.Peek() >= '0' && ds.Peek() <= '9') {
+            if (r >= 429496729 && ds.Peek() > '5') // 2^32 - 1 = 4294967295
+                return false; // overflow
+            r = r * 10 + (ds.Take() - '0');
+        }
+        *u = r;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool ParseRange(DecodedStream<InputStream>& ds, SizeType* range) {
+        bool isBegin = true;
+        bool negate = false;
+        int step = 0;
+        SizeType start = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        SizeType current = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        while ((codepoint = ds.Take()) != 0) {
+            if (isBegin) {
+                isBegin = false;
+                if (codepoint == '^') {
+                    negate = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            switch (codepoint) {
+            case ']':
+                if (start == kRegexInvalidRange)
+                    return false;   // Error: nothing inside []
+                if (step == 2) { // Add trailing '-'
+                    SizeType r = NewRange('-');
+                    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(current != kRegexInvalidRange);
+                    GetRange(current).next = r;
+                }
+                if (negate)
+                    GetRange(start).start |= kRangeNegationFlag;
+                *range = start;
+                return true;
+
+            case '\\':
+                if (ds.Peek() == 'b') {
+                    ds.Take();
+                    codepoint = 0x0008; // Escape backspace character
+                }
+                else if (!CharacterEscape(ds, &codepoint))
+                    return false;
+                // fall through to default
+
+            default:
+                switch (step) {
+                case 1:
+                    if (codepoint == '-') {
+                        step++;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    // fall through to step 0 for other characters
+
+                case 0:
+                    {
+                        SizeType r = NewRange(codepoint);
+                        if (current != kRegexInvalidRange)
+                            GetRange(current).next = r;
+                        if (start == kRegexInvalidRange)
+                            start = r;
+                        current = r;
+                    }
+                    step = 1;
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(step == 2);
+                    GetRange(current).end = codepoint;
+                    step = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    SizeType NewRange(unsigned codepoint) {
+        Range* r = ranges_.template Push<Range>();
+        r->start = r->end = codepoint;
+        r->next = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        return rangeCount_++;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool CharacterEscape(DecodedStream<InputStream>& ds, unsigned* escapedCodepoint) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        switch (codepoint = ds.Take()) {
+            case '^':
+            case '$':
+            case '|':
+            case '(':
+            case ')':
+            case '?':
+            case '*':
+            case '+':
+            case '.':
+            case '[':
+            case ']':
+            case '{':
+            case '}':
+            case '\\':
+                *escapedCodepoint = codepoint; return true;
+            case 'f': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000C; return true;
+            case 'n': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000A; return true;
+            case 'r': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000D; return true;
+            case 't': *escapedCodepoint = 0x0009; return true;
+            case 'v': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000B; return true;
+            default:
+                return false; // Unsupported escape character
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool SearchWithAnchoring(InputStream& is, bool anchorBegin, bool anchorEnd) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        DecodedStream<InputStream> ds(is);
+
+        state0_.Clear();
+        Stack<Allocator> *current = &state0_, *next = &state1_;
+        const size_t stateSetSize = GetStateSetSize();
+        std::memset(stateSet_, 0, stateSetSize);
+
+        bool matched = AddState(*current, root_);
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        while (!current->Empty() && (codepoint = ds.Take()) != 0) {
+            std::memset(stateSet_, 0, stateSetSize);
+            next->Clear();
+            matched = false;
+            for (const SizeType* s = current->template Bottom<SizeType>(); s != current->template End<SizeType>(); ++s) {
+                const State& sr = GetState(*s);
+                if (sr.codepoint == codepoint ||
+                    sr.codepoint == kAnyCharacterClass || 
+                    (sr.codepoint == kRangeCharacterClass && MatchRange(sr.rangeStart, codepoint)))
+                {
+                    matched = AddState(*next, sr.out) || matched;
+                    if (!anchorEnd && matched)
+                        return true;
+                }
+                if (!anchorBegin)
+                    AddState(*next, root_);
+            }
+            internal::Swap(current, next);
+        }
+
+        return matched;
+    }
+
+    size_t GetStateSetSize() const {
+        return (stateCount_ + 31) / 32 * 4;
+    }
+
+    // Return whether the added states is a match state
+    bool AddState(Stack<Allocator>& l, SizeType index) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index != kRegexInvalidState);
+
+        const State& s = GetState(index);
+        if (s.out1 != kRegexInvalidState) { // Split
+            bool matched = AddState(l, s.out);
+            return AddState(l, s.out1) || matched;
+        }
+        else if (!(stateSet_[index >> 5] & (1 << (index & 31)))) {
+            stateSet_[index >> 5] |= (1 << (index & 31));
+            *l.template PushUnsafe<SizeType>() = index;
+        }
+        return s.out == kRegexInvalidState; // by using PushUnsafe() above, we can ensure s is not validated due to reallocation.
+    }
+
+    bool MatchRange(SizeType rangeIndex, unsigned codepoint) const {
+        bool yes = (GetRange(rangeIndex).start & kRangeNegationFlag) == 0;
+        while (rangeIndex != kRegexInvalidRange) {
+            const Range& r = GetRange(rangeIndex);
+            if (codepoint >= (r.start & ~kRangeNegationFlag) && codepoint <= r.end)
+                return yes;
+            rangeIndex = r.next;
+        }
+        return !yes;
+    }
+
+    Stack<Allocator> states_;
+    Stack<Allocator> ranges_;
+    SizeType root_;
+    SizeType stateCount_;
+    SizeType rangeCount_;
+
+    static const unsigned kInfinityQuantifier = ~0u;
+
+    // For SearchWithAnchoring()
+    uint32_t* stateSet_;        // allocated by states_.GetAllocator()
+    mutable Stack<Allocator> state0_;
+    mutable Stack<Allocator> state1_;
+    bool anchorBegin_;
+    bool anchorEnd_;
+};
+
+typedef GenericRegex<UTF8<> > Regex;
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_REGEX_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/stack.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/stack.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..022c9aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/stack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STACK_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STACK_H_
+
+#include "../allocators.h"
+#include "swap.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Stack
+
+//! A type-unsafe stack for storing different types of data.
+/*! \tparam Allocator Allocator for allocating stack memory.
+*/
+template <typename Allocator>
+class Stack {
+public:
+    // Optimization note: Do not allocate memory for stack_ in constructor.
+    // Do it lazily when first Push() -> Expand() -> Resize().
+    Stack(Allocator* allocator, size_t stackCapacity) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0), stack_(0), stackTop_(0), stackEnd_(0), initialCapacity_(stackCapacity) {
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    Stack(Stack&& rhs)
+        : allocator_(rhs.allocator_),
+          ownAllocator_(rhs.ownAllocator_),
+          stack_(rhs.stack_),
+          stackTop_(rhs.stackTop_),
+          stackEnd_(rhs.stackEnd_),
+          initialCapacity_(rhs.initialCapacity_)
+    {
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.stack_ = 0;
+        rhs.stackTop_ = 0;
+        rhs.stackEnd_ = 0;
+        rhs.initialCapacity_ = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    ~Stack() {
+        Destroy();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    Stack& operator=(Stack&& rhs) {
+        if (&rhs != this)
+        {
+            Destroy();
+
+            allocator_ = rhs.allocator_;
+            ownAllocator_ = rhs.ownAllocator_;
+            stack_ = rhs.stack_;
+            stackTop_ = rhs.stackTop_;
+            stackEnd_ = rhs.stackEnd_;
+            initialCapacity_ = rhs.initialCapacity_;
+
+            rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+            rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+            rhs.stack_ = 0;
+            rhs.stackTop_ = 0;
+            rhs.stackEnd_ = 0;
+            rhs.initialCapacity_ = 0;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void Swap(Stack& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        internal::Swap(allocator_, rhs.allocator_);
+        internal::Swap(ownAllocator_, rhs.ownAllocator_);
+        internal::Swap(stack_, rhs.stack_);
+        internal::Swap(stackTop_, rhs.stackTop_);
+        internal::Swap(stackEnd_, rhs.stackEnd_);
+        internal::Swap(initialCapacity_, rhs.initialCapacity_);
+    }
+
+    void Clear() { stackTop_ = stack_; }
+
+    void ShrinkToFit() { 
+        if (Empty()) {
+            // If the stack is empty, completely deallocate the memory.
+            Allocator::Free(stack_);
+            stack_ = 0;
+            stackTop_ = 0;
+            stackEnd_ = 0;
+        }
+        else
+            Resize(GetSize());
+    }
+
+    // Optimization note: try to minimize the size of this function for force inline.
+    // Expansion is run very infrequently, so it is moved to another (probably non-inline) function.
+    template<typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Reserve(size_t count = 1) {
+         // Expand the stack if needed
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(stackTop_ + sizeof(T) * count > stackEnd_))
+            Expand<T>(count);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE T* Push(size_t count = 1) {
+        Reserve<T>(count);
+        return PushUnsafe<T>(count);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE T* PushUnsafe(size_t count = 1) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stackTop_ + sizeof(T) * count <= stackEnd_);
+        T* ret = reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_);
+        stackTop_ += sizeof(T) * count;
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* Pop(size_t count) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetSize() >= count * sizeof(T));
+        stackTop_ -= count * sizeof(T);
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* Top() { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetSize() >= sizeof(T));
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_ - sizeof(T));
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    const T* Top() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetSize() >= sizeof(T));
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_ - sizeof(T));
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* End() { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    const T* End() const { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* Bottom() { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stack_); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    const T* Bottom() const { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stack_); }
+
+    bool HasAllocator() const {
+        return allocator_ != 0;
+    }
+
+    Allocator& GetAllocator() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(allocator_);
+        return *allocator_;
+    }
+
+    bool Empty() const { return stackTop_ == stack_; }
+    size_t GetSize() const { return static_cast<size_t>(stackTop_ - stack_); }
+    size_t GetCapacity() const { return static_cast<size_t>(stackEnd_ - stack_); }
+
+private:
+    template<typename T>
+    void Expand(size_t count) {
+        // Only expand the capacity if the current stack exists. Otherwise just create a stack with initial capacity.
+        size_t newCapacity;
+        if (stack_ == 0) {
+            if (!allocator_)
+                ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+            newCapacity = initialCapacity_;
+        } else {
+            newCapacity = GetCapacity();
+            newCapacity += (newCapacity + 1) / 2;
+        }
+        size_t newSize = GetSize() + sizeof(T) * count;
+        if (newCapacity < newSize)
+            newCapacity = newSize;
+
+        Resize(newCapacity);
+    }
+
+    void Resize(size_t newCapacity) {
+        const size_t size = GetSize();  // Backup the current size
+        stack_ = static_cast<char*>(allocator_->Realloc(stack_, GetCapacity(), newCapacity));
+        stackTop_ = stack_ + size;
+        stackEnd_ = stack_ + newCapacity;
+    }
+
+    void Destroy() {
+        Allocator::Free(stack_);
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_); // Only delete if it is owned by the stack
+    }
+
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    Stack(const Stack&);
+    Stack& operator=(const Stack&);
+
+    Allocator* allocator_;
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;
+    char *stack_;
+    char *stackTop_;
+    char *stackEnd_;
+    size_t initialCapacity_;
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STACK_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/strfunc.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/strfunc.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2edfae52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/strfunc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STRFUNC_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STRFUNC_H_
+
+#include "../stream.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+//! Custom strlen() which works on different character types.
+/*! \tparam Ch Character type (e.g. char, wchar_t, short)
+    \param s Null-terminated input string.
+    \return Number of characters in the string. 
+    \note This has the same semantics as strlen(), the return value is not number of Unicode codepoints.
+*/
+template <typename Ch>
+inline SizeType StrLen(const Ch* s) {
+    const Ch* p = s;
+    while (*p) ++p;
+    return SizeType(p - s);
+}
+
+//! Returns number of code points in a encoded string.
+template<typename Encoding>
+bool CountStringCodePoint(const typename Encoding::Ch* s, SizeType length, SizeType* outCount) {
+    GenericStringStream<Encoding> is(s);
+    const typename Encoding::Ch* end = s + length;
+    SizeType count = 0;
+    while (is.src_ < end) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        if (!Encoding::Decode(is, &codepoint))
+            return false;
+        count++;
+    }
+    *outCount = count;
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STRFUNC_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/strtod.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/strtod.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..289c413b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/strtod.h
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STRTOD_
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRTOD_
+
+#include "ieee754.h"
+#include "biginteger.h"
+#include "diyfp.h"
+#include "pow10.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+inline double FastPath(double significand, int exp) {
+    if (exp < -308)
+        return 0.0;
+    else if (exp >= 0)
+        return significand * internal::Pow10(exp);
+    else
+        return significand / internal::Pow10(-exp);
+}
+
+inline double StrtodNormalPrecision(double d, int p) {
+    if (p < -308) {
+        // Prevent expSum < -308, making Pow10(p) = 0
+        d = FastPath(d, -308);
+        d = FastPath(d, p + 308);
+    }
+    else
+        d = FastPath(d, p);
+    return d;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T Min3(T a, T b, T c) {
+    T m = a;
+    if (m > b) m = b;
+    if (m > c) m = c;
+    return m;
+}
+
+inline int CheckWithinHalfULP(double b, const BigInteger& d, int dExp) {
+    const Double db(b);
+    const uint64_t bInt = db.IntegerSignificand();
+    const int bExp = db.IntegerExponent();
+    const int hExp = bExp - 1;
+
+    int dS_Exp2 = 0, dS_Exp5 = 0, bS_Exp2 = 0, bS_Exp5 = 0, hS_Exp2 = 0, hS_Exp5 = 0;
+
+    // Adjust for decimal exponent
+    if (dExp >= 0) {
+        dS_Exp2 += dExp;
+        dS_Exp5 += dExp;
+    }
+    else {
+        bS_Exp2 -= dExp;
+        bS_Exp5 -= dExp;
+        hS_Exp2 -= dExp;
+        hS_Exp5 -= dExp;
+    }
+
+    // Adjust for binary exponent
+    if (bExp >= 0)
+        bS_Exp2 += bExp;
+    else {
+        dS_Exp2 -= bExp;
+        hS_Exp2 -= bExp;
+    }
+
+    // Adjust for half ulp exponent
+    if (hExp >= 0)
+        hS_Exp2 += hExp;
+    else {
+        dS_Exp2 -= hExp;
+        bS_Exp2 -= hExp;
+    }
+
+    // Remove common power of two factor from all three scaled values
+    int common_Exp2 = Min3(dS_Exp2, bS_Exp2, hS_Exp2);
+    dS_Exp2 -= common_Exp2;
+    bS_Exp2 -= common_Exp2;
+    hS_Exp2 -= common_Exp2;
+
+    BigInteger dS = d;
+    dS.MultiplyPow5(static_cast<unsigned>(dS_Exp5)) <<= static_cast<unsigned>(dS_Exp2);
+
+    BigInteger bS(bInt);
+    bS.MultiplyPow5(static_cast<unsigned>(bS_Exp5)) <<= static_cast<unsigned>(bS_Exp2);
+
+    BigInteger hS(1);
+    hS.MultiplyPow5(static_cast<unsigned>(hS_Exp5)) <<= static_cast<unsigned>(hS_Exp2);
+
+    BigInteger delta(0);
+    dS.Difference(bS, &delta);
+
+    return delta.Compare(hS);
+}
+
+inline bool StrtodFast(double d, int p, double* result) {
+    // Use fast path for string-to-double conversion if possible
+    // see http://www.exploringbinary.com/fast-path-decimal-to-floating-point-conversion/
+    if (p > 22  && p < 22 + 16) {
+        // Fast Path Cases In Disguise
+        d *= internal::Pow10(p - 22);
+        p = 22;
+    }
+
+    if (p >= -22 && p <= 22 && d <= 9007199254740991.0) { // 2^53 - 1
+        *result = FastPath(d, p);
+        return true;
+    }
+    else
+        return false;
+}
+
+// Compute an approximation and see if it is within 1/2 ULP
+inline bool StrtodDiyFp(const char* decimals, size_t length, size_t decimalPosition, int exp, double* result) {
+    uint64_t significand = 0;
+    size_t i = 0;   // 2^64 - 1 = 18446744073709551615, 1844674407370955161 = 0x1999999999999999    
+    for (; i < length; i++) {
+        if (significand  >  RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999) ||
+            (significand == RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999) && decimals[i] > '5'))
+            break;
+        significand = significand * 10u + static_cast<unsigned>(decimals[i] - '0');
+    }
+    
+    if (i < length && decimals[i] >= '5') // Rounding
+        significand++;
+
+    size_t remaining = length - i;
+    const unsigned kUlpShift = 3;
+    const unsigned kUlp = 1 << kUlpShift;
+    int64_t error = (remaining == 0) ? 0 : kUlp / 2;
+
+    DiyFp v(significand, 0);
+    v = v.Normalize();
+    error <<= -v.e;
+
+    const int dExp = static_cast<int>(decimalPosition) - static_cast<int>(i) + exp;
+
+    int actualExp;
+    DiyFp cachedPower = GetCachedPower10(dExp, &actualExp);
+    if (actualExp != dExp) {
+        static const DiyFp kPow10[] = {
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa0000000, 00000000), -60),  // 10^1
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc8000000, 00000000), -57),  // 10^2
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfa000000, 00000000), -54),  // 10^3
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9c400000, 00000000), -50),  // 10^4
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc3500000, 00000000), -47),  // 10^5
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf4240000, 00000000), -44),  // 10^6
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x98968000, 00000000), -40)   // 10^7
+        };
+        int  adjustment = dExp - actualExp - 1;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(adjustment >= 0 && adjustment < 7);
+        v = v * kPow10[adjustment];
+        if (length + static_cast<unsigned>(adjustment)> 19u) // has more digits than decimal digits in 64-bit
+            error += kUlp / 2;
+    }
+
+    v = v * cachedPower;
+
+    error += kUlp + (error == 0 ? 0 : 1);
+
+    const int oldExp = v.e;
+    v = v.Normalize();
+    error <<= oldExp - v.e;
+
+    const unsigned effectiveSignificandSize = Double::EffectiveSignificandSize(64 + v.e);
+    unsigned precisionSize = 64 - effectiveSignificandSize;
+    if (precisionSize + kUlpShift >= 64) {
+        unsigned scaleExp = (precisionSize + kUlpShift) - 63;
+        v.f >>= scaleExp;
+        v.e += scaleExp; 
+        error = (error >> scaleExp) + 1 + static_cast<int>(kUlp);
+        precisionSize -= scaleExp;
+    }
+
+    DiyFp rounded(v.f >> precisionSize, v.e + static_cast<int>(precisionSize));
+    const uint64_t precisionBits = (v.f & ((uint64_t(1) << precisionSize) - 1)) * kUlp;
+    const uint64_t halfWay = (uint64_t(1) << (precisionSize - 1)) * kUlp;
+    if (precisionBits >= halfWay + static_cast<unsigned>(error)) {
+        rounded.f++;
+        if (rounded.f & (DiyFp::kDpHiddenBit << 1)) { // rounding overflows mantissa (issue #340)
+            rounded.f >>= 1;
+            rounded.e++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *result = rounded.ToDouble();
+
+    return halfWay - static_cast<unsigned>(error) >= precisionBits || precisionBits >= halfWay + static_cast<unsigned>(error);
+}
+
+inline double StrtodBigInteger(double approx, const char* decimals, size_t length, size_t decimalPosition, int exp) {
+    const BigInteger dInt(decimals, length);
+    const int dExp = static_cast<int>(decimalPosition) - static_cast<int>(length) + exp;
+    Double a(approx);
+    int cmp = CheckWithinHalfULP(a.Value(), dInt, dExp);
+    if (cmp < 0)
+        return a.Value();  // within half ULP
+    else if (cmp == 0) {
+        // Round towards even
+        if (a.Significand() & 1)
+            return a.NextPositiveDouble();
+        else
+            return a.Value();
+    }
+    else // adjustment
+        return a.NextPositiveDouble();
+}
+
+inline double StrtodFullPrecision(double d, int p, const char* decimals, size_t length, size_t decimalPosition, int exp) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(d >= 0.0);
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length >= 1);
+
+    double result;
+    if (StrtodFast(d, p, &result))
+        return result;
+
+    // Trim leading zeros
+    while (*decimals == '0' && length > 1) {
+        length--;
+        decimals++;
+        decimalPosition--;
+    }
+
+    // Trim trailing zeros
+    while (decimals[length - 1] == '0' && length > 1) {
+        length--;
+        decimalPosition--;
+        exp++;
+    }
+
+    // Trim right-most digits
+    const int kMaxDecimalDigit = 780;
+    if (static_cast<int>(length) > kMaxDecimalDigit) {
+        int delta = (static_cast<int>(length) - kMaxDecimalDigit);
+        exp += delta;
+        decimalPosition -= static_cast<unsigned>(delta);
+        length = kMaxDecimalDigit;
+    }
+
+    // If too small, underflow to zero
+    if (int(length) + exp < -324)
+        return 0.0;
+
+    if (StrtodDiyFp(decimals, length, decimalPosition, exp, &result))
+        return result;
+
+    // Use approximation from StrtodDiyFp and make adjustment with BigInteger comparison
+    return StrtodBigInteger(result, decimals, length, decimalPosition, exp);
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STRTOD_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/swap.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/swap.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..666e49f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/internal/swap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_SWAP_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_SWAP_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+//! Custom swap() to avoid dependency on C++ <algorithm> header
+/*! \tparam T Type of the arguments to swap, should be instantiated with primitive C++ types only.
+    \note This has the same semantics as std::swap().
+*/
+template <typename T>
+inline void Swap(T& a, T& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+    T tmp = a;
+        a = b;
+        b = tmp;
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_SWAP_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/istreamwrapper.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/istreamwrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f5fe2897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/istreamwrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ISTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ISTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4351) // new behavior: elements of array 'array' will be default initialized
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Wrapper of \c std::basic_istream into RapidJSON's Stream concept.
+/*!
+    The classes can be wrapped including but not limited to:
+
+    - \c std::istringstream
+    - \c std::stringstream
+    - \c std::wistringstream
+    - \c std::wstringstream
+    - \c std::ifstream
+    - \c std::fstream
+    - \c std::wifstream
+    - \c std::wfstream
+
+    \tparam StreamType Class derived from \c std::basic_istream.
+*/
+   
+template <typename StreamType>
+class BasicIStreamWrapper {
+public:
+    typedef typename StreamType::char_type Ch;
+    BasicIStreamWrapper(StreamType& stream) : stream_(stream), count_(), peekBuffer_() {}
+
+    Ch Peek() const { 
+        typename StreamType::int_type c = stream_.peek();
+        return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(c != StreamType::traits_type::eof()) ? static_cast<Ch>(c) : '\0';
+    }
+
+    Ch Take() { 
+        typename StreamType::int_type c = stream_.get();
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(c != StreamType::traits_type::eof())) {
+            count_++;
+            return static_cast<Ch>(c);
+        }
+        else
+            return '\0';
+    }
+
+    // tellg() may return -1 when failed. So we count by ourself.
+    size_t Tell() const { return count_; }
+
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    // For encoding detection only.
+    const Ch* Peek4() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) == 1); // Only usable for byte stream.
+        int i;
+        bool hasError = false;
+        for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+            typename StreamType::int_type c = stream_.get();
+            if (c == StreamType::traits_type::eof()) {
+                hasError = true;
+                stream_.clear();
+                break;
+            }
+            peekBuffer_[i] = static_cast<Ch>(c);
+        }
+        for (--i; i >= 0; --i)
+            stream_.putback(peekBuffer_[i]);
+        return !hasError ? peekBuffer_ : 0;
+    }
+
+private:
+    BasicIStreamWrapper(const BasicIStreamWrapper&);
+    BasicIStreamWrapper& operator=(const BasicIStreamWrapper&);
+
+    StreamType& stream_;
+    size_t count_;  //!< Number of characters read. Note:
+    mutable Ch peekBuffer_[4];
+};
+
+typedef BasicIStreamWrapper<std::istream> IStreamWrapper;
+typedef BasicIStreamWrapper<std::wistream> WIStreamWrapper;
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ISTREAMWRAPPER_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/memorybuffer.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/memorybuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..39bee1de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/memorybuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Represents an in-memory output byte stream.
+/*!
+    This class is mainly for being wrapped by EncodedOutputStream or AutoUTFOutputStream.
+
+    It is similar to FileWriteBuffer but the destination is an in-memory buffer instead of a file.
+
+    Differences between MemoryBuffer and StringBuffer:
+    1. StringBuffer has Encoding but MemoryBuffer is only a byte buffer. 
+    2. StringBuffer::GetString() returns a null-terminated string. MemoryBuffer::GetBuffer() returns a buffer without terminator.
+
+    \tparam Allocator type for allocating memory buffer.
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+struct GenericMemoryBuffer {
+    typedef char Ch; // byte
+
+    GenericMemoryBuffer(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t capacity = kDefaultCapacity) : stack_(allocator, capacity) {}
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = c; }
+    void Flush() {}
+
+    void Clear() { stack_.Clear(); }
+    void ShrinkToFit() { stack_.ShrinkToFit(); }
+    Ch* Push(size_t count) { return stack_.template Push<Ch>(count); }
+    void Pop(size_t count) { stack_.template Pop<Ch>(count); }
+
+    const Ch* GetBuffer() const {
+        return stack_.template Bottom<Ch>();
+    }
+
+    size_t GetSize() const { return stack_.GetSize(); }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultCapacity = 256;
+    mutable internal::Stack<Allocator> stack_;
+};
+
+typedef GenericMemoryBuffer<> MemoryBuffer;
+
+//! Implement specialized version of PutN() with memset() for better performance.
+template<>
+inline void PutN(MemoryBuffer& memoryBuffer, char c, size_t n) {
+    std::memset(memoryBuffer.stack_.Push<char>(n), c, n * sizeof(c));
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/memorystream.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/memorystream.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d71d8a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/memorystream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_MEMORYSTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_MEMORYSTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(missing-noreturn)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Represents an in-memory input byte stream.
+/*!
+    This class is mainly for being wrapped by EncodedInputStream or AutoUTFInputStream.
+
+    It is similar to FileReadBuffer but the source is an in-memory buffer instead of a file.
+
+    Differences between MemoryStream and StringStream:
+    1. StringStream has encoding but MemoryStream is a byte stream.
+    2. MemoryStream needs size of the source buffer and the buffer don't need to be null terminated. StringStream assume null-terminated string as source.
+    3. MemoryStream supports Peek4() for encoding detection. StringStream is specified with an encoding so it should not have Peek4().
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+struct MemoryStream {
+    typedef char Ch; // byte
+
+    MemoryStream(const Ch *src, size_t size) : src_(src), begin_(src), end_(src + size), size_(size) {}
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(src_ == end_) ? '\0' : *src_; }
+    Ch Take() { return RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(src_ == end_) ? '\0' : *src_++; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - begin_); }
+
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    // For encoding detection only.
+    const Ch* Peek4() const {
+        return Tell() + 4 <= size_ ? src_ : 0;
+    }
+
+    const Ch* src_;     //!< Current read position.
+    const Ch* begin_;   //!< Original head of the string.
+    const Ch* end_;     //!< End of stream.
+    size_t size_;       //!< Size of the stream.
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/msinttypes/inttypes.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/msinttypes/inttypes.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..18111286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/msinttypes/inttypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+// ISO C9x  compliant inttypes.h for Microsoft Visual Studio
+// Based on ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 Committee draft (May 6, 2005) WG14/N1124 
+// 
+//  Copyright (c) 2006-2013 Alexander Chemeris
+// 
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+// 
+//   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+//      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// 
+//   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+//      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+//      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+// 
+//   3. Neither the name of the product nor the names of its contributors may
+//      be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+//      without specific prior written permission.
+// 
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
+// EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
+// OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, 
+// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+// OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+// ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// The above software in this distribution may have been modified by 
+// THL A29 Limited ("Tencent Modifications"). 
+// All Tencent Modifications are Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited.
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER // [
+#error "Use this header only with Microsoft Visual C++ compilers!"
+#endif // _MSC_VER ]
+
+#ifndef _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ // [
+#define _MSC_INTTYPES_H_
+
+#if _MSC_VER > 1000
+#pragma once
+#endif
+
+#include "stdint.h"
+
+// miloyip: VC supports inttypes.h since VC2013
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1800
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#else
+
+// 7.8 Format conversion of integer types
+
+typedef struct {
+   intmax_t quot;
+   intmax_t rem;
+} imaxdiv_t;
+
+// 7.8.1 Macros for format specifiers
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 185 at page 198
+
+// The fprintf macros for signed integers are:
+#define PRId8       "d"
+#define PRIi8       "i"
+#define PRIdLEAST8  "d"
+#define PRIiLEAST8  "i"
+#define PRIdFAST8   "d"
+#define PRIiFAST8   "i"
+
+#define PRId16       "hd"
+#define PRIi16       "hi"
+#define PRIdLEAST16  "hd"
+#define PRIiLEAST16  "hi"
+#define PRIdFAST16   "hd"
+#define PRIiFAST16   "hi"
+
+#define PRId32       "I32d"
+#define PRIi32       "I32i"
+#define PRIdLEAST32  "I32d"
+#define PRIiLEAST32  "I32i"
+#define PRIdFAST32   "I32d"
+#define PRIiFAST32   "I32i"
+
+#define PRId64       "I64d"
+#define PRIi64       "I64i"
+#define PRIdLEAST64  "I64d"
+#define PRIiLEAST64  "I64i"
+#define PRIdFAST64   "I64d"
+#define PRIiFAST64   "I64i"
+
+#define PRIdMAX     "I64d"
+#define PRIiMAX     "I64i"
+
+#define PRIdPTR     "Id"
+#define PRIiPTR     "Ii"
+
+// The fprintf macros for unsigned integers are:
+#define PRIo8       "o"
+#define PRIu8       "u"
+#define PRIx8       "x"
+#define PRIX8       "X"
+#define PRIoLEAST8  "o"
+#define PRIuLEAST8  "u"
+#define PRIxLEAST8  "x"
+#define PRIXLEAST8  "X"
+#define PRIoFAST8   "o"
+#define PRIuFAST8   "u"
+#define PRIxFAST8   "x"
+#define PRIXFAST8   "X"
+
+#define PRIo16       "ho"
+#define PRIu16       "hu"
+#define PRIx16       "hx"
+#define PRIX16       "hX"
+#define PRIoLEAST16  "ho"
+#define PRIuLEAST16  "hu"
+#define PRIxLEAST16  "hx"
+#define PRIXLEAST16  "hX"
+#define PRIoFAST16   "ho"
+#define PRIuFAST16   "hu"
+#define PRIxFAST16   "hx"
+#define PRIXFAST16   "hX"
+
+#define PRIo32       "I32o"
+#define PRIu32       "I32u"
+#define PRIx32       "I32x"
+#define PRIX32       "I32X"
+#define PRIoLEAST32  "I32o"
+#define PRIuLEAST32  "I32u"
+#define PRIxLEAST32  "I32x"
+#define PRIXLEAST32  "I32X"
+#define PRIoFAST32   "I32o"
+#define PRIuFAST32   "I32u"
+#define PRIxFAST32   "I32x"
+#define PRIXFAST32   "I32X"
+
+#define PRIo64       "I64o"
+#define PRIu64       "I64u"
+#define PRIx64       "I64x"
+#define PRIX64       "I64X"
+#define PRIoLEAST64  "I64o"
+#define PRIuLEAST64  "I64u"
+#define PRIxLEAST64  "I64x"
+#define PRIXLEAST64  "I64X"
+#define PRIoFAST64   "I64o"
+#define PRIuFAST64   "I64u"
+#define PRIxFAST64   "I64x"
+#define PRIXFAST64   "I64X"
+
+#define PRIoMAX     "I64o"
+#define PRIuMAX     "I64u"
+#define PRIxMAX     "I64x"
+#define PRIXMAX     "I64X"
+
+#define PRIoPTR     "Io"
+#define PRIuPTR     "Iu"
+#define PRIxPTR     "Ix"
+#define PRIXPTR     "IX"
+
+// The fscanf macros for signed integers are:
+#define SCNd8       "d"
+#define SCNi8       "i"
+#define SCNdLEAST8  "d"
+#define SCNiLEAST8  "i"
+#define SCNdFAST8   "d"
+#define SCNiFAST8   "i"
+
+#define SCNd16       "hd"
+#define SCNi16       "hi"
+#define SCNdLEAST16  "hd"
+#define SCNiLEAST16  "hi"
+#define SCNdFAST16   "hd"
+#define SCNiFAST16   "hi"
+
+#define SCNd32       "ld"
+#define SCNi32       "li"
+#define SCNdLEAST32  "ld"
+#define SCNiLEAST32  "li"
+#define SCNdFAST32   "ld"
+#define SCNiFAST32   "li"
+
+#define SCNd64       "I64d"
+#define SCNi64       "I64i"
+#define SCNdLEAST64  "I64d"
+#define SCNiLEAST64  "I64i"
+#define SCNdFAST64   "I64d"
+#define SCNiFAST64   "I64i"
+
+#define SCNdMAX     "I64d"
+#define SCNiMAX     "I64i"
+
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define SCNdPTR     "I64d"
+#  define SCNiPTR     "I64i"
+#else  // _WIN64 ][
+#  define SCNdPTR     "ld"
+#  define SCNiPTR     "li"
+#endif  // _WIN64 ]
+
+// The fscanf macros for unsigned integers are:
+#define SCNo8       "o"
+#define SCNu8       "u"
+#define SCNx8       "x"
+#define SCNX8       "X"
+#define SCNoLEAST8  "o"
+#define SCNuLEAST8  "u"
+#define SCNxLEAST8  "x"
+#define SCNXLEAST8  "X"
+#define SCNoFAST8   "o"
+#define SCNuFAST8   "u"
+#define SCNxFAST8   "x"
+#define SCNXFAST8   "X"
+
+#define SCNo16       "ho"
+#define SCNu16       "hu"
+#define SCNx16       "hx"
+#define SCNX16       "hX"
+#define SCNoLEAST16  "ho"
+#define SCNuLEAST16  "hu"
+#define SCNxLEAST16  "hx"
+#define SCNXLEAST16  "hX"
+#define SCNoFAST16   "ho"
+#define SCNuFAST16   "hu"
+#define SCNxFAST16   "hx"
+#define SCNXFAST16   "hX"
+
+#define SCNo32       "lo"
+#define SCNu32       "lu"
+#define SCNx32       "lx"
+#define SCNX32       "lX"
+#define SCNoLEAST32  "lo"
+#define SCNuLEAST32  "lu"
+#define SCNxLEAST32  "lx"
+#define SCNXLEAST32  "lX"
+#define SCNoFAST32   "lo"
+#define SCNuFAST32   "lu"
+#define SCNxFAST32   "lx"
+#define SCNXFAST32   "lX"
+
+#define SCNo64       "I64o"
+#define SCNu64       "I64u"
+#define SCNx64       "I64x"
+#define SCNX64       "I64X"
+#define SCNoLEAST64  "I64o"
+#define SCNuLEAST64  "I64u"
+#define SCNxLEAST64  "I64x"
+#define SCNXLEAST64  "I64X"
+#define SCNoFAST64   "I64o"
+#define SCNuFAST64   "I64u"
+#define SCNxFAST64   "I64x"
+#define SCNXFAST64   "I64X"
+
+#define SCNoMAX     "I64o"
+#define SCNuMAX     "I64u"
+#define SCNxMAX     "I64x"
+#define SCNXMAX     "I64X"
+
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define SCNoPTR     "I64o"
+#  define SCNuPTR     "I64u"
+#  define SCNxPTR     "I64x"
+#  define SCNXPTR     "I64X"
+#else  // _WIN64 ][
+#  define SCNoPTR     "lo"
+#  define SCNuPTR     "lu"
+#  define SCNxPTR     "lx"
+#  define SCNXPTR     "lX"
+#endif  // _WIN64 ]
+
+#endif // __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS ]
+
+// 7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types
+
+// 7.8.2.1 The imaxabs function
+#define imaxabs _abs64
+
+// 7.8.2.2 The imaxdiv function
+
+// This is modified version of div() function from Microsoft's div.c found
+// in %MSVC.NET%\crt\src\div.c
+#ifdef STATIC_IMAXDIV // [
+static
+#else // STATIC_IMAXDIV ][
+_inline
+#endif // STATIC_IMAXDIV ]
+imaxdiv_t __cdecl imaxdiv(intmax_t numer, intmax_t denom)
+{
+   imaxdiv_t result;
+
+   result.quot = numer / denom;
+   result.rem = numer % denom;
+
+   if (numer < 0 && result.rem > 0) {
+      // did division wrong; must fix up
+      ++result.quot;
+      result.rem -= denom;
+   }
+
+   return result;
+}
+
+// 7.8.2.3 The strtoimax and strtoumax functions
+#define strtoimax _strtoi64
+#define strtoumax _strtoui64
+
+// 7.8.2.4 The wcstoimax and wcstoumax functions
+#define wcstoimax _wcstoi64
+#define wcstoumax _wcstoui64
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER >= 1800
+
+#endif // _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ ]
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/msinttypes/stdint.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/msinttypes/stdint.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3d4477b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/msinttypes/stdint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+// ISO C9x  compliant stdint.h for Microsoft Visual Studio
+// Based on ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 Committee draft (May 6, 2005) WG14/N1124 
+// 
+//  Copyright (c) 2006-2013 Alexander Chemeris
+// 
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+// 
+//   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+//      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// 
+//   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+//      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+//      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+// 
+//   3. Neither the name of the product nor the names of its contributors may
+//      be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+//      without specific prior written permission.
+// 
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
+// EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
+// OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, 
+// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+// OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+// ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// The above software in this distribution may have been modified by 
+// THL A29 Limited ("Tencent Modifications"). 
+// All Tencent Modifications are Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited.
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER // [
+#error "Use this header only with Microsoft Visual C++ compilers!"
+#endif // _MSC_VER ]
+
+#ifndef _MSC_STDINT_H_ // [
+#define _MSC_STDINT_H_
+
+#if _MSC_VER > 1000
+#pragma once
+#endif
+
+// miloyip: Originally Visual Studio 2010 uses its own stdint.h. However it generates warning with INT64_C(), so change to use this file for vs2010.
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1600 // [
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 224 at page 260
+
+#undef INT8_C
+#undef INT16_C
+#undef INT32_C
+#undef INT64_C
+#undef UINT8_C
+#undef UINT16_C
+#undef UINT32_C
+#undef UINT64_C
+
+// 7.18.4.1 Macros for minimum-width integer constants
+
+#define INT8_C(val)  val##i8
+#define INT16_C(val) val##i16
+#define INT32_C(val) val##i32
+#define INT64_C(val) val##i64
+
+#define UINT8_C(val)  val##ui8
+#define UINT16_C(val) val##ui16
+#define UINT32_C(val) val##ui32
+#define UINT64_C(val) val##ui64
+
+// 7.18.4.2 Macros for greatest-width integer constants
+// These #ifndef's are needed to prevent collisions with <boost/cstdint.hpp>.
+// Check out Issue 9 for the details.
+#ifndef INTMAX_C //   [
+#  define INTMAX_C   INT64_C
+#endif // INTMAX_C    ]
+#ifndef UINTMAX_C //  [
+#  define UINTMAX_C  UINT64_C
+#endif // UINTMAX_C   ]
+
+#endif // __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ]
+
+#else // ] _MSC_VER >= 1700 [
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+// For Visual Studio 6 in C++ mode and for many Visual Studio versions when
+// compiling for ARM we have to wrap <wchar.h> include with 'extern "C++" {}'
+// or compiler would give many errors like this:
+//   error C2733: second C linkage of overloaded function 'wmemchr' not allowed
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(_M_ARM)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+#  include <wchar.h>
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(_M_ARM)
+}
+#endif
+
+// Define _W64 macros to mark types changing their size, like intptr_t.
+#ifndef _W64
+#  if !defined(__midl) && (defined(_X86_) || defined(_M_IX86)) && _MSC_VER >= 1300
+#     define _W64 __w64
+#  else
+#     define _W64
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+
+// 7.18.1 Integer types
+
+// 7.18.1.1 Exact-width integer types
+
+// Visual Studio 6 and Embedded Visual C++ 4 doesn't
+// realize that, e.g. char has the same size as __int8
+// so we give up on __intX for them.
+#if (_MSC_VER < 1300)
+   typedef signed char       int8_t;
+   typedef signed short      int16_t;
+   typedef signed int        int32_t;
+   typedef unsigned char     uint8_t;
+   typedef unsigned short    uint16_t;
+   typedef unsigned int      uint32_t;
+#else
+   typedef signed __int8     int8_t;
+   typedef signed __int16    int16_t;
+   typedef signed __int32    int32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8   uint8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16  uint16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32  uint32_t;
+#endif
+typedef signed __int64       int64_t;
+typedef unsigned __int64     uint64_t;
+
+
+// 7.18.1.2 Minimum-width integer types
+typedef int8_t    int_least8_t;
+typedef int16_t   int_least16_t;
+typedef int32_t   int_least32_t;
+typedef int64_t   int_least64_t;
+typedef uint8_t   uint_least8_t;
+typedef uint16_t  uint_least16_t;
+typedef uint32_t  uint_least32_t;
+typedef uint64_t  uint_least64_t;
+
+// 7.18.1.3 Fastest minimum-width integer types
+typedef int8_t    int_fast8_t;
+typedef int16_t   int_fast16_t;
+typedef int32_t   int_fast32_t;
+typedef int64_t   int_fast64_t;
+typedef uint8_t   uint_fast8_t;
+typedef uint16_t  uint_fast16_t;
+typedef uint32_t  uint_fast32_t;
+typedef uint64_t  uint_fast64_t;
+
+// 7.18.1.4 Integer types capable of holding object pointers
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+   typedef signed __int64    intptr_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64  uintptr_t;
+#else // _WIN64 ][
+   typedef _W64 signed int   intptr_t;
+   typedef _W64 unsigned int uintptr_t;
+#endif // _WIN64 ]
+
+// 7.18.1.5 Greatest-width integer types
+typedef int64_t   intmax_t;
+typedef uint64_t  uintmax_t;
+
+
+// 7.18.2 Limits of specified-width integer types
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 220 at page 257 and footnote 221 at page 259
+
+// 7.18.2.1 Limits of exact-width integer types
+#define INT8_MIN     ((int8_t)_I8_MIN)
+#define INT8_MAX     _I8_MAX
+#define INT16_MIN    ((int16_t)_I16_MIN)
+#define INT16_MAX    _I16_MAX
+#define INT32_MIN    ((int32_t)_I32_MIN)
+#define INT32_MAX    _I32_MAX
+#define INT64_MIN    ((int64_t)_I64_MIN)
+#define INT64_MAX    _I64_MAX
+#define UINT8_MAX    _UI8_MAX
+#define UINT16_MAX   _UI16_MAX
+#define UINT32_MAX   _UI32_MAX
+#define UINT64_MAX   _UI64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.2.2 Limits of minimum-width integer types
+#define INT_LEAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX
+#define INT_LEAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX
+#define INT_LEAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX
+#define INT_LEAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.2.3 Limits of fastest minimum-width integer types
+#define INT_FAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN
+#define INT_FAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX
+#define INT_FAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN
+#define INT_FAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX
+#define INT_FAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN
+#define INT_FAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX
+#define INT_FAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#define INT_FAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.2.4 Limits of integer types capable of holding object pointers
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define INTPTR_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#  define INTPTR_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+#else // _WIN64 ][
+#  define INTPTR_MIN   INT32_MIN
+#  define INTPTR_MAX   INT32_MAX
+#  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT32_MAX
+#endif // _WIN64 ]
+
+// 7.18.2.5 Limits of greatest-width integer types
+#define INTMAX_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#define INTMAX_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#define UINTMAX_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.3 Limits of other integer types
+
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I64_MIN
+#  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I64_MAX
+#else  // _WIN64 ][
+#  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I32_MIN
+#  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I32_MAX
+#endif  // _WIN64 ]
+
+#define SIG_ATOMIC_MIN  INT_MIN
+#define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX  INT_MAX
+
+#ifndef SIZE_MAX // [
+#  ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#     define SIZE_MAX  _UI64_MAX
+#  else // _WIN64 ][
+#     define SIZE_MAX  _UI32_MAX
+#  endif // _WIN64 ]
+#endif // SIZE_MAX ]
+
+// WCHAR_MIN and WCHAR_MAX are also defined in <wchar.h>
+#ifndef WCHAR_MIN // [
+#  define WCHAR_MIN  0
+#endif  // WCHAR_MIN ]
+#ifndef WCHAR_MAX // [
+#  define WCHAR_MAX  _UI16_MAX
+#endif  // WCHAR_MAX ]
+
+#define WINT_MIN  0
+#define WINT_MAX  _UI16_MAX
+
+#endif // __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS ]
+
+
+// 7.18.4 Limits of other integer types
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 224 at page 260
+
+// 7.18.4.1 Macros for minimum-width integer constants
+
+#define INT8_C(val)  val##i8
+#define INT16_C(val) val##i16
+#define INT32_C(val) val##i32
+#define INT64_C(val) val##i64
+
+#define UINT8_C(val)  val##ui8
+#define UINT16_C(val) val##ui16
+#define UINT32_C(val) val##ui32
+#define UINT64_C(val) val##ui64
+
+// 7.18.4.2 Macros for greatest-width integer constants
+// These #ifndef's are needed to prevent collisions with <boost/cstdint.hpp>.
+// Check out Issue 9 for the details.
+#ifndef INTMAX_C //   [
+#  define INTMAX_C   INT64_C
+#endif // INTMAX_C    ]
+#ifndef UINTMAX_C //  [
+#  define UINTMAX_C  UINT64_C
+#endif // UINTMAX_C   ]
+
+#endif // __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ]
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER >= 1600 ]
+
+#endif // _MSC_STDINT_H_ ]
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/ostreamwrapper.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/ostreamwrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f4667c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/ostreamwrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_OSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_OSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Wrapper of \c std::basic_ostream into RapidJSON's Stream concept.
+/*!
+    The classes can be wrapped including but not limited to:
+
+    - \c std::ostringstream
+    - \c std::stringstream
+    - \c std::wpstringstream
+    - \c std::wstringstream
+    - \c std::ifstream
+    - \c std::fstream
+    - \c std::wofstream
+    - \c std::wfstream
+
+    \tparam StreamType Class derived from \c std::basic_ostream.
+*/
+   
+template <typename StreamType>
+class BasicOStreamWrapper {
+public:
+    typedef typename StreamType::char_type Ch;
+    BasicOStreamWrapper(StreamType& stream) : stream_(stream) {}
+
+    void Put(Ch c) {
+        stream_.put(c);
+    }
+
+    void Flush() {
+        stream_.flush();
+    }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    char Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(char*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    BasicOStreamWrapper(const BasicOStreamWrapper&);
+    BasicOStreamWrapper& operator=(const BasicOStreamWrapper&);
+
+    StreamType& stream_;
+};
+
+typedef BasicOStreamWrapper<std::ostream> OStreamWrapper;
+typedef BasicOStreamWrapper<std::wostream> WOStreamWrapper;
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_OSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/pointer.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/pointer.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0206ac1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/pointer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1358 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_POINTER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_POINTER_H_
+
+#include "document.h"
+#include "internal/itoa.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512) // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+static const SizeType kPointerInvalidIndex = ~SizeType(0);  //!< Represents an invalid index in GenericPointer::Token
+
+//! Error code of parsing.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \see GenericPointer::GenericPointer, GenericPointer::GetParseErrorCode
+*/
+enum PointerParseErrorCode {
+    kPointerParseErrorNone = 0,                     //!< The parse is successful
+
+    kPointerParseErrorTokenMustBeginWithSolidus,    //!< A token must begin with a '/'
+    kPointerParseErrorInvalidEscape,                //!< Invalid escape
+    kPointerParseErrorInvalidPercentEncoding,       //!< Invalid percent encoding in URI fragment
+    kPointerParseErrorCharacterMustPercentEncode    //!< A character must percent encoded in URI fragment
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericPointer
+
+//! Represents a JSON Pointer. Use Pointer for UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+/*!
+    This class implements RFC 6901 "JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Pointer" 
+    (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901).
+
+    A JSON pointer is for identifying a specific value in a JSON document
+    (GenericDocument). It can simplify coding of DOM tree manipulation, because it
+    can access multiple-level depth of DOM tree with single API call.
+
+    After it parses a string representation (e.g. "/foo/0" or URI fragment 
+    representation (e.g. "#/foo/0") into its internal representation (tokens),
+    it can be used to resolve a specific value in multiple documents, or sub-tree 
+    of documents.
+
+    Contrary to GenericValue, Pointer can be copy constructed and copy assigned.
+    Apart from assignment, a Pointer cannot be modified after construction.
+
+    Although Pointer is very convenient, please aware that constructing Pointer
+    involves parsing and dynamic memory allocation. A special constructor with user-
+    supplied tokens eliminates these.
+
+    GenericPointer depends on GenericDocument and GenericValue.
+    
+    \tparam ValueType The value type of the DOM tree. E.g. GenericValue<UTF8<> >
+    \tparam Allocator The allocator type for allocating memory for internal representation.
+    
+    \note GenericPointer uses same encoding of ValueType.
+    However, Allocator of GenericPointer is independent of Allocator of Value.
+*/
+template <typename ValueType, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericPointer {
+public:
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;  //!< Encoding type from Value
+    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;                      //!< Character type from Value
+
+    //! A token is the basic units of internal representation.
+    /*!
+        A JSON pointer string representation "/foo/123" is parsed to two tokens: 
+        "foo" and 123. 123 will be represented in both numeric form and string form.
+        They are resolved according to the actual value type (object or array).
+
+        For token that are not numbers, or the numeric value is out of bound
+        (greater than limits of SizeType), they are only treated as string form
+        (i.e. the token's index will be equal to kPointerInvalidIndex).
+
+        This struct is public so that user can create a Pointer without parsing and 
+        allocation, using a special constructor.
+    */
+    struct Token {
+        const Ch* name;             //!< Name of the token. It has null character at the end but it can contain null character.
+        SizeType length;            //!< Length of the name.
+        SizeType index;             //!< A valid array index, if it is not equal to kPointerInvalidIndex.
+    };
+
+    //!@name Constructors and destructor.
+    //@{
+
+    //! Default constructor.
+    GenericPointer(Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {}
+
+    //! Constructor that parses a string or URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \param source A null-terminated, string or URI fragment representation of JSON pointer.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator for this pointer. If no allocator is provided, it creates a self-owned one.
+    */
+    explicit GenericPointer(const Ch* source, Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        Parse(source, internal::StrLen(source));
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Constructor that parses a string or URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \param source A string or URI fragment representation of JSON pointer.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator for this pointer. If no allocator is provided, it creates a self-owned one.
+        \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+    */
+    explicit GenericPointer(const std::basic_string<Ch>& source, Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        Parse(source.c_str(), source.size());
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Constructor that parses a string or URI fragment representation, with length of the source string.
+    /*!
+        \param source A string or URI fragment representation of JSON pointer.
+        \param length Length of source.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator for this pointer. If no allocator is provided, it creates a self-owned one.
+        \note Slightly faster than the overload without length.
+    */
+    GenericPointer(const Ch* source, size_t length, Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        Parse(source, length);
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor with user-supplied tokens.
+    /*!
+        This constructor let user supplies const array of tokens.
+        This prevents the parsing process and eliminates allocation.
+        This is preferred for memory constrained environments.
+
+        \param tokens An constant array of tokens representing the JSON pointer.
+        \param tokenCount Number of tokens.
+
+        \b Example
+        \code
+        #define NAME(s) { s, sizeof(s) / sizeof(s[0]) - 1, kPointerInvalidIndex }
+        #define INDEX(i) { #i, sizeof(#i) - 1, i }
+
+        static const Pointer::Token kTokens[] = { NAME("foo"), INDEX(123) };
+        static const Pointer p(kTokens, sizeof(kTokens) / sizeof(kTokens[0]));
+        // Equivalent to static const Pointer p("/foo/123");
+
+        #undef NAME
+        #undef INDEX
+        \endcode
+    */
+    GenericPointer(const Token* tokens, size_t tokenCount) : allocator_(), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(const_cast<Token*>(tokens)), tokenCount_(tokenCount), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {}
+
+    //! Copy constructor.
+    GenericPointer(const GenericPointer& rhs, Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        *this = rhs;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    ~GenericPointer() {
+        if (nameBuffer_)    // If user-supplied tokens constructor is used, nameBuffer_ is nullptr and tokens_ are not deallocated.
+            Allocator::Free(tokens_);
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment operator.
+    GenericPointer& operator=(const GenericPointer& rhs) {
+        if (this != &rhs) {
+            // Do not delete ownAllcator
+            if (nameBuffer_)
+                Allocator::Free(tokens_);
+
+            tokenCount_ = rhs.tokenCount_;
+            parseErrorOffset_ = rhs.parseErrorOffset_;
+            parseErrorCode_ = rhs.parseErrorCode_;
+
+            if (rhs.nameBuffer_)
+                CopyFromRaw(rhs); // Normally parsed tokens.
+            else {
+                tokens_ = rhs.tokens_; // User supplied const tokens.
+                nameBuffer_ = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Append token
+    //@{
+
+    //! Append a token and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param token Token to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const Token& token, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        GenericPointer r;
+        r.allocator_ = allocator;
+        Ch *p = r.CopyFromRaw(*this, 1, token.length + 1);
+        std::memcpy(p, token.name, (token.length + 1) * sizeof(Ch));
+        r.tokens_[tokenCount_].name = p;
+        r.tokens_[tokenCount_].length = token.length;
+        r.tokens_[tokenCount_].index = token.index;
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Append a name token with length, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param name Name to be appended.
+        \param length Length of name.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const Ch* name, SizeType length, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        Token token = { name, length, kPointerInvalidIndex };
+        return Append(token, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Append a name token without length, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param name Name (const Ch*) to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::NotExpr<internal::IsSame<typename internal::RemoveConst<T>::Type, Ch> >), (GenericPointer))
+    Append(T* name, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        return Append(name, StrLen(name), allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Append a name token, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param name Name to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        return Append(name.c_str(), static_cast<SizeType>(name.size()), allocator);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Append a index token, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param index Index to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(SizeType index, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        char buffer[21];
+        char* end = sizeof(SizeType) == 4 ? internal::u32toa(index, buffer) : internal::u64toa(index, buffer);
+        SizeType length = static_cast<SizeType>(end - buffer);
+        buffer[length] = '\0';
+
+        if (sizeof(Ch) == 1) {
+            Token token = { reinterpret_cast<Ch*>(buffer), length, index };
+            return Append(token, allocator);
+        }
+        else {
+            Ch name[21];
+            for (size_t i = 0; i <= length; i++)
+                name[i] = buffer[i];
+            Token token = { name, length, index };
+            return Append(token, allocator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //! Append a token by value, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param token token to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const ValueType& token, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        if (token.IsString())
+            return Append(token.GetString(), token.GetStringLength(), allocator);
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(token.IsUint64());
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(token.GetUint64() <= SizeType(~0));
+            return Append(static_cast<SizeType>(token.GetUint64()), allocator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //!@name Handling Parse Error
+    //@{
+
+    //! Check whether this is a valid pointer.
+    bool IsValid() const { return parseErrorCode_ == kPointerParseErrorNone; }
+
+    //! Get the parsing error offset in code unit.
+    size_t GetParseErrorOffset() const { return parseErrorOffset_; }
+
+    //! Get the parsing error code.
+    PointerParseErrorCode GetParseErrorCode() const { return parseErrorCode_; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Get the allocator of this pointer.
+    Allocator& GetAllocator() { return *allocator_; }
+
+    //!@name Tokens
+    //@{
+
+    //! Get the token array (const version only).
+    const Token* GetTokens() const { return tokens_; }
+
+    //! Get the number of tokens.
+    size_t GetTokenCount() const { return tokenCount_; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Equality/inequality operators
+    //@{
+
+    //! Equality operator.
+    /*!
+        \note When any pointers are invalid, always returns false.
+    */
+    bool operator==(const GenericPointer& rhs) const {
+        if (!IsValid() || !rhs.IsValid() || tokenCount_ != rhs.tokenCount_)
+            return false;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < tokenCount_; i++) {
+            if (tokens_[i].index != rhs.tokens_[i].index ||
+                tokens_[i].length != rhs.tokens_[i].length || 
+                (tokens_[i].length != 0 && std::memcmp(tokens_[i].name, rhs.tokens_[i].name, sizeof(Ch)* tokens_[i].length) != 0))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Inequality operator.
+    /*!
+        \note When any pointers are invalid, always returns true.
+    */
+    bool operator!=(const GenericPointer& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Stringify
+    //@{
+
+    //! Stringify the pointer into string representation.
+    /*!
+        \tparam OutputStream Type of output stream.
+        \param os The output stream.
+    */
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    bool Stringify(OutputStream& os) const {
+        return Stringify<false, OutputStream>(os);
+    }
+
+    //! Stringify the pointer into URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \tparam OutputStream Type of output stream.
+        \param os The output stream.
+    */
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    bool StringifyUriFragment(OutputStream& os) const {
+        return Stringify<true, OutputStream>(os);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Create value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Create a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        If the value is not exist, it creates all parent values and a JSON Null value.
+        So it always succeed and return the newly created or existing value.
+
+        Remind that it may change types of parents according to tokens, so it 
+        potentially removes previously stored values. For example, if a document 
+        was an array, and "/foo" is used to create a value, then the document 
+        will be changed to an object, and all existing array elements are lost.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM subtree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \param alreadyExist If non-null, it stores whether the resolved value is already exist.
+        \return The resolved newly created (a JSON Null value), or already exists value.
+    */
+    ValueType& Create(ValueType& root, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator, bool* alreadyExist = 0) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        ValueType* v = &root;
+        bool exist = true;
+        for (const Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + tokenCount_; ++t) {
+            if (v->IsArray() && t->name[0] == '-' && t->length == 1) {
+                v->PushBack(ValueType().Move(), allocator);
+                v = &((*v)[v->Size() - 1]);
+                exist = false;
+            }
+            else {
+                if (t->index == kPointerInvalidIndex) { // must be object name
+                    if (!v->IsObject())
+                        v->SetObject(); // Change to Object
+                }
+                else { // object name or array index
+                    if (!v->IsArray() && !v->IsObject())
+                        v->SetArray(); // Change to Array
+                }
+
+                if (v->IsArray()) {
+                    if (t->index >= v->Size()) {
+                        v->Reserve(t->index + 1, allocator);
+                        while (t->index >= v->Size())
+                            v->PushBack(ValueType().Move(), allocator);
+                        exist = false;
+                    }
+                    v = &((*v)[t->index]);
+                }
+                else {
+                    typename ValueType::MemberIterator m = v->FindMember(GenericStringRef<Ch>(t->name, t->length));
+                    if (m == v->MemberEnd()) {
+                        v->AddMember(ValueType(t->name, t->length, allocator).Move(), ValueType().Move(), allocator);
+                        v = &(--v->MemberEnd())->value; // Assumes AddMember() appends at the end
+                        exist = false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                        v = &m->value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (alreadyExist)
+            *alreadyExist = exist;
+
+        return *v;
+    }
+
+    //! Creates a value in a document.
+    /*!
+        \param document A document to be resolved.
+        \param alreadyExist If non-null, it stores whether the resolved value is already exist.
+        \return The resolved newly created, or already exists value.
+    */
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Create(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, bool* alreadyExist = 0) const {
+        return Create(document, document.GetAllocator(), alreadyExist);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Query value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param unresolvedTokenIndex If the pointer cannot resolve a token in the pointer, this parameter can obtain the index of unresolved token.
+        \return Pointer to the value if it can be resolved. Otherwise null.
+
+        \note
+        There are only 3 situations when a value cannot be resolved:
+        1. A value in the path is not an array nor object.
+        2. An object value does not contain the token.
+        3. A token is out of range of an array value.
+
+        Use unresolvedTokenIndex to retrieve the token index.
+    */
+    ValueType* Get(ValueType& root, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        ValueType* v = &root;
+        for (const Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + tokenCount_; ++t) {
+            switch (v->GetType()) {
+            case kObjectType:
+                {
+                    typename ValueType::MemberIterator m = v->FindMember(GenericStringRef<Ch>(t->name, t->length));
+                    if (m == v->MemberEnd())
+                        break;
+                    v = &m->value;
+                }
+                continue;
+            case kArrayType:
+                if (t->index == kPointerInvalidIndex || t->index >= v->Size())
+                    break;
+                v = &((*v)[t->index]);
+                continue;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Error: unresolved token
+            if (unresolvedTokenIndex)
+                *unresolvedTokenIndex = static_cast<size_t>(t - tokens_);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    //! Query a const value in a const subtree.
+    /*!
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \return Pointer to the value if it can be resolved. Otherwise null.
+    */
+    const ValueType* Get(const ValueType& root, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) const { 
+        return Get(const_cast<ValueType&>(root), unresolvedTokenIndex);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Query a value with default
+    //@{
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default value.
+    /*!
+        Similar to Get(), but if the specified value do not exists, it creates all parents and clone the default value.
+        So that this function always succeed.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param defaultValue Default value to be cloned if the value was not exists.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \see Create()
+    */
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, const ValueType& defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        bool alreadyExist;
+        Value& v = Create(root, allocator, &alreadyExist);
+        return alreadyExist ? v : v.CopyFrom(defaultValue, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default null-terminated string.
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, const Ch* defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        bool alreadyExist;
+        Value& v = Create(root, allocator, &alreadyExist);
+        return alreadyExist ? v : v.SetString(defaultValue, allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default std::basic_string.
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, const std::basic_string<Ch>& defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        bool alreadyExist;
+        Value& v = Create(root, allocator, &alreadyExist);
+        return alreadyExist ? v : v.SetString(defaultValue, allocator);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default primitive value.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+    GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, T defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(root, ValueType(defaultValue).Move(), allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Query a value in a document with default value.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const ValueType& defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+
+    //! Query a value in a document with default null-terminated string.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const Ch* defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+    
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Query a value in a document with default std::basic_string.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const std::basic_string<Ch>& defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Query a value in a document with default primitive value.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T, typename stackAllocator>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+    GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, T defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Set a value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Set a value in a subtree, with move semantics.
+    /*!
+        It creates all parents if they are not exist or types are different to the tokens.
+        So this function always succeeds but potentially remove existing values.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param value Value to be set.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \see Create()
+    */
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, ValueType& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = value;
+    }
+
+    //! Set a value in a subtree, with copy semantics.
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, const ValueType& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator).CopyFrom(value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Set a null-terminated string in a subtree.
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, const Ch* value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = ValueType(value, allocator).Move();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Set a std::basic_string in a subtree.
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, const std::basic_string<Ch>& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = ValueType(value, allocator).Move();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Set a primitive value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+    Set(ValueType& root, T value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = ValueType(value).Move();
+    }
+
+    //! Set a value in a document, with move semantics.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, ValueType& value) const {
+        return Create(document) = value;
+    }
+
+    //! Set a value in a document, with copy semantics.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const ValueType& value) const {
+        return Create(document).CopyFrom(value, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+
+    //! Set a null-terminated string in a document.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const Ch* value) const {
+        return Create(document) = ValueType(value, document.GetAllocator()).Move();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Sets a std::basic_string in a document.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const std::basic_string<Ch>& value) const {
+        return Create(document) = ValueType(value, document.GetAllocator()).Move();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Set a primitive value in a document.
+    /*!
+    \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T, typename stackAllocator>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+        Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, T value) const {
+            return Create(document) = value;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Swap a value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Swap a value with a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        It creates all parents if they are not exist or types are different to the tokens.
+        So this function always succeeds but potentially remove existing values.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param value Value to be swapped.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \see Create()
+    */
+    ValueType& Swap(ValueType& root, ValueType& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator).Swap(value);
+    }
+
+    //! Swap a value with a value in a document.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Swap(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, ValueType& value) const {
+        return Create(document).Swap(value);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Erase a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \return Whether the resolved value is found and erased.
+
+        \note Erasing with an empty pointer \c Pointer(""), i.e. the root, always fail and return false.
+    */
+    bool Erase(ValueType& root) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        if (tokenCount_ == 0) // Cannot erase the root
+            return false;
+
+        ValueType* v = &root;
+        const Token* last = tokens_ + (tokenCount_ - 1);
+        for (const Token *t = tokens_; t != last; ++t) {
+            switch (v->GetType()) {
+            case kObjectType:
+                {
+                    typename ValueType::MemberIterator m = v->FindMember(GenericStringRef<Ch>(t->name, t->length));
+                    if (m == v->MemberEnd())
+                        return false;
+                    v = &m->value;
+                }
+                break;
+            case kArrayType:
+                if (t->index == kPointerInvalidIndex || t->index >= v->Size())
+                    return false;
+                v = &((*v)[t->index]);
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch (v->GetType()) {
+        case kObjectType:
+            return v->EraseMember(GenericStringRef<Ch>(last->name, last->length));
+        case kArrayType:
+            if (last->index == kPointerInvalidIndex || last->index >= v->Size())
+                return false;
+            v->Erase(v->Begin() + last->index);
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    //! Clone the content from rhs to this.
+    /*!
+        \param rhs Source pointer.
+        \param extraToken Extra tokens to be allocated.
+        \param extraNameBufferSize Extra name buffer size (in number of Ch) to be allocated.
+        \return Start of non-occupied name buffer, for storing extra names.
+    */
+    Ch* CopyFromRaw(const GenericPointer& rhs, size_t extraToken = 0, size_t extraNameBufferSize = 0) {
+        if (!allocator_) // allocator is independently owned.
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+
+        size_t nameBufferSize = rhs.tokenCount_; // null terminators for tokens
+        for (Token *t = rhs.tokens_; t != rhs.tokens_ + rhs.tokenCount_; ++t)
+            nameBufferSize += t->length;
+
+        tokenCount_ = rhs.tokenCount_ + extraToken;
+        tokens_ = static_cast<Token *>(allocator_->Malloc(tokenCount_ * sizeof(Token) + (nameBufferSize + extraNameBufferSize) * sizeof(Ch)));
+        nameBuffer_ = reinterpret_cast<Ch *>(tokens_ + tokenCount_);
+        if (rhs.tokenCount_ > 0) {
+            std::memcpy(tokens_, rhs.tokens_, rhs.tokenCount_ * sizeof(Token));
+        }
+        if (nameBufferSize > 0) {
+            std::memcpy(nameBuffer_, rhs.nameBuffer_, nameBufferSize * sizeof(Ch));
+        }
+
+        // Adjust pointers to name buffer
+        std::ptrdiff_t diff = nameBuffer_ - rhs.nameBuffer_;
+        for (Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + rhs.tokenCount_; ++t)
+            t->name += diff;
+
+        return nameBuffer_ + nameBufferSize;
+    }
+
+    //! Check whether a character should be percent-encoded.
+    /*!
+        According to RFC 3986 2.3 Unreserved Characters.
+        \param c The character (code unit) to be tested.
+    */
+    bool NeedPercentEncode(Ch c) const {
+        return !((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'A' && c <='Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || c == '-' || c == '.' || c == '_' || c =='~');
+    }
+
+    //! Parse a JSON String or its URI fragment representation into tokens.
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*!
+        \param source Either a JSON Pointer string, or its URI fragment representation. Not need to be null terminated.
+        \param length Length of the source string.
+        \note Source cannot be JSON String Representation of JSON Pointer, e.g. In "/\u0000", \u0000 will not be unescaped.
+    */
+#endif
+    void Parse(const Ch* source, size_t length) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(source != NULL);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(nameBuffer_ == 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(tokens_ == 0);
+
+        // Create own allocator if user did not supply.
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+
+        // Count number of '/' as tokenCount
+        tokenCount_ = 0;
+        for (const Ch* s = source; s != source + length; s++) 
+            if (*s == '/')
+                tokenCount_++;
+
+        Token* token = tokens_ = static_cast<Token *>(allocator_->Malloc(tokenCount_ * sizeof(Token) + length * sizeof(Ch)));
+        Ch* name = nameBuffer_ = reinterpret_cast<Ch *>(tokens_ + tokenCount_);
+        size_t i = 0;
+
+        // Detect if it is a URI fragment
+        bool uriFragment = false;
+        if (source[i] == '#') {
+            uriFragment = true;
+            i++;
+        }
+
+        if (i != length && source[i] != '/') {
+            parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorTokenMustBeginWithSolidus;
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        while (i < length) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(source[i] == '/');
+            i++; // consumes '/'
+
+            token->name = name;
+            bool isNumber = true;
+
+            while (i < length && source[i] != '/') {
+                Ch c = source[i];
+                if (uriFragment) {
+                    // Decoding percent-encoding for URI fragment
+                    if (c == '%') {
+                        PercentDecodeStream is(&source[i], source + length);
+                        GenericInsituStringStream<EncodingType> os(name);
+                        Ch* begin = os.PutBegin();
+                        if (!Transcoder<UTF8<>, EncodingType>().Validate(is, os) || !is.IsValid()) {
+                            parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorInvalidPercentEncoding;
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                        size_t len = os.PutEnd(begin);
+                        i += is.Tell() - 1;
+                        if (len == 1)
+                            c = *name;
+                        else {
+                            name += len;
+                            isNumber = false;
+                            i++;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (NeedPercentEncode(c)) {
+                        parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorCharacterMustPercentEncode;
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                i++;
+                
+                // Escaping "~0" -> '~', "~1" -> '/'
+                if (c == '~') {
+                    if (i < length) {
+                        c = source[i];
+                        if (c == '0')       c = '~';
+                        else if (c == '1')  c = '/';
+                        else {
+                            parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorInvalidEscape;
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                        i++;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorInvalidEscape;
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // First check for index: all of characters are digit
+                if (c < '0' || c > '9')
+                    isNumber = false;
+
+                *name++ = c;
+            }
+            token->length = static_cast<SizeType>(name - token->name);
+            if (token->length == 0)
+                isNumber = false;
+            *name++ = '\0'; // Null terminator
+
+            // Second check for index: more than one digit cannot have leading zero
+            if (isNumber && token->length > 1 && token->name[0] == '0')
+                isNumber = false;
+
+            // String to SizeType conversion
+            SizeType n = 0;
+            if (isNumber) {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < token->length; j++) {
+                    SizeType m = n * 10 + static_cast<SizeType>(token->name[j] - '0');
+                    if (m < n) {   // overflow detection
+                        isNumber = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    n = m;
+                }
+            }
+
+            token->index = isNumber ? n : kPointerInvalidIndex;
+            token++;
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(name <= nameBuffer_ + length); // Should not overflow buffer
+        parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorNone;
+        return;
+
+    error:
+        Allocator::Free(tokens_);
+        nameBuffer_ = 0;
+        tokens_ = 0;
+        tokenCount_ = 0;
+        parseErrorOffset_ = i;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //! Stringify to string or URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \tparam uriFragment True for stringifying to URI fragment representation. False for string representation.
+        \tparam OutputStream type of output stream.
+        \param os The output stream.
+    */
+    template<bool uriFragment, typename OutputStream>
+    bool Stringify(OutputStream& os) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+
+        if (uriFragment)
+            os.Put('#');
+
+        for (Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + tokenCount_; ++t) {
+            os.Put('/');
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < t->length; j++) {
+                Ch c = t->name[j];
+                if (c == '~') {
+                    os.Put('~');
+                    os.Put('0');
+                }
+                else if (c == '/') {
+                    os.Put('~');
+                    os.Put('1');
+                }
+                else if (uriFragment && NeedPercentEncode(c)) { 
+                    // Transcode to UTF8 sequence
+                    GenericStringStream<typename ValueType::EncodingType> source(&t->name[j]);
+                    PercentEncodeStream<OutputStream> target(os);
+                    if (!Transcoder<EncodingType, UTF8<> >().Validate(source, target))
+                        return false;
+                    j += source.Tell() - 1;
+                }
+                else
+                    os.Put(c);
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! A helper stream for decoding a percent-encoded sequence into code unit.
+    /*!
+        This stream decodes %XY triplet into code unit (0-255).
+        If it encounters invalid characters, it sets output code unit as 0 and 
+        mark invalid, and to be checked by IsValid().
+    */
+    class PercentDecodeStream {
+    public:
+        typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
+
+        //! Constructor
+        /*!
+            \param source Start of the stream
+            \param end Past-the-end of the stream.
+        */
+        PercentDecodeStream(const Ch* source, const Ch* end) : src_(source), head_(source), end_(end), valid_(true) {}
+
+        Ch Take() {
+            if (*src_ != '%' || src_ + 3 > end_) { // %XY triplet
+                valid_ = false;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            src_++;
+            Ch c = 0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                c = static_cast<Ch>(c << 4);
+                Ch h = *src_;
+                if      (h >= '0' && h <= '9') c = static_cast<Ch>(c + h - '0');
+                else if (h >= 'A' && h <= 'F') c = static_cast<Ch>(c + h - 'A' + 10);
+                else if (h >= 'a' && h <= 'f') c = static_cast<Ch>(c + h - 'a' + 10);
+                else {
+                    valid_ = false;
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                src_++;
+            }
+            return c;
+        }
+
+        size_t Tell() const { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - head_); }
+        bool IsValid() const { return valid_; }
+
+    private:
+        const Ch* src_;     //!< Current read position.
+        const Ch* head_;    //!< Original head of the string.
+        const Ch* end_;     //!< Past-the-end position.
+        bool valid_;        //!< Whether the parsing is valid.
+    };
+
+    //! A helper stream to encode character (UTF-8 code unit) into percent-encoded sequence.
+    template <typename OutputStream>
+    class PercentEncodeStream {
+    public:
+        PercentEncodeStream(OutputStream& os) : os_(os) {}
+        void Put(char c) { // UTF-8 must be byte
+            unsigned char u = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+            static const char hexDigits[16] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
+            os_.Put('%');
+            os_.Put(hexDigits[u >> 4]);
+            os_.Put(hexDigits[u & 15]);
+        }
+    private:
+        OutputStream& os_;
+    };
+
+    Allocator* allocator_;                  //!< The current allocator. It is either user-supplied or equal to ownAllocator_.
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;               //!< Allocator owned by this Pointer.
+    Ch* nameBuffer_;                        //!< A buffer containing all names in tokens.
+    Token* tokens_;                         //!< A list of tokens.
+    size_t tokenCount_;                     //!< Number of tokens in tokens_.
+    size_t parseErrorOffset_;               //!< Offset in code unit when parsing fail.
+    PointerParseErrorCode parseErrorCode_;  //!< Parsing error code.
+};
+
+//! GenericPointer for Value (UTF-8, default allocator).
+typedef GenericPointer<Value> Pointer;
+
+//!@name Helper functions for GenericPointer
+//@{
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Create(root, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Create(root, a);
+}
+
+// No allocator parameter
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer) {
+    return pointer.Create(document);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N]) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Create(document);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return pointer.Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+const typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(const T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return pointer.Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType (&source)[N], size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+const typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(const T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::ValueType& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::Ch* defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, T2 defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::ValueType& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::Ch* defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+// No allocator parameter
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::ValueType& defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::Ch* defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, T2 defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::ValueType& defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::Ch* defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::Ch* value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, T2 value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::Ch* value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+// No allocator parameter
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::Ch* value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, T2 value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::Ch* value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Swap(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Swap(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return pointer.Swap(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Swap(document, value);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+bool EraseValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer) {
+    return pointer.Erase(root);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+bool EraseValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N]) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Erase(root);
+}
+
+//@}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_POINTER_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/prettywriter.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/prettywriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0dcb0fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/prettywriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PRETTYWRITER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_PRETTYWRITER_H_
+
+#include "writer.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Combination of PrettyWriter format flags.
+/*! \see PrettyWriter::SetFormatOptions
+ */
+enum PrettyFormatOptions {
+    kFormatDefault = 0,         //!< Default pretty formatting.
+    kFormatSingleLineArray = 1  //!< Format arrays on a single line.
+};
+
+//! Writer with indentation and spacing.
+/*!
+    \tparam OutputStream Type of ouptut os.
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of source string.
+    \tparam TargetEncoding Encoding of output stream.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Type of allocator for allocating memory of stack.
+*/
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding = UTF8<>, typename TargetEncoding = UTF8<>, typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator, unsigned writeFlags = kWriteDefaultFlags>
+class PrettyWriter : public Writer<OutputStream, SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding, StackAllocator, writeFlags> {
+public:
+    typedef Writer<OutputStream, SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding, StackAllocator> Base;
+    typedef typename Base::Ch Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! \param os Output stream.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator. If it is null, it will create a private one.
+        \param levelDepth Initial capacity of stack.
+    */
+    explicit PrettyWriter(OutputStream& os, StackAllocator* allocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = Base::kDefaultLevelDepth) : 
+        Base(os, allocator, levelDepth), indentChar_(' '), indentCharCount_(4), formatOptions_(kFormatDefault) {}
+
+
+    explicit PrettyWriter(StackAllocator* allocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = Base::kDefaultLevelDepth) : 
+        Base(allocator, levelDepth), indentChar_(' '), indentCharCount_(4) {}
+
+    //! Set custom indentation.
+    /*! \param indentChar       Character for indentation. Must be whitespace character (' ', '\\t', '\\n', '\\r').
+        \param indentCharCount  Number of indent characters for each indentation level.
+        \note The default indentation is 4 spaces.
+    */
+    PrettyWriter& SetIndent(Ch indentChar, unsigned indentCharCount) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(indentChar == ' ' || indentChar == '\t' || indentChar == '\n' || indentChar == '\r');
+        indentChar_ = indentChar;
+        indentCharCount_ = indentCharCount;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Set pretty writer formatting options.
+    /*! \param options Formatting options.
+    */
+    PrettyWriter& SetFormatOptions(PrettyFormatOptions options) {
+        formatOptions_ = options;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*! @name Implementation of Handler
+        \see Handler
+    */
+    //@{
+
+    bool Null()                 { PrettyPrefix(kNullType);   return Base::WriteNull(); }
+    bool Bool(bool b)           { PrettyPrefix(b ? kTrueType : kFalseType); return Base::WriteBool(b); }
+    bool Int(int i)             { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::WriteInt(i); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u)       { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::WriteUint(u); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i64)     { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::WriteInt64(i64); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u64)   { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::WriteUint64(u64);  }
+    bool Double(double d)       { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::WriteDouble(d); }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        (void)copy;
+        PrettyPrefix(kNumberType);
+        return Base::WriteString(str, length);
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        (void)copy;
+        PrettyPrefix(kStringType);
+        return Base::WriteString(str, length);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool String(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return String(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    bool StartObject() {
+        PrettyPrefix(kObjectType);
+        new (Base::level_stack_.template Push<typename Base::Level>()) typename Base::Level(false);
+        return Base::WriteStartObject();
+    }
+
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) { return String(str, length, copy); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool Key(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return Key(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+    }
+#endif
+	
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount = 0) {
+        (void)memberCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(Base::level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(typename Base::Level));
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Base::level_stack_.template Top<typename Base::Level>()->inArray);
+        bool empty = Base::level_stack_.template Pop<typename Base::Level>(1)->valueCount == 0;
+
+        if (!empty) {
+            Base::os_->Put('\n');
+            WriteIndent();
+        }
+        bool ret = Base::WriteEndObject();
+        (void)ret;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(ret == true);
+        if (Base::level_stack_.Empty()) // end of json text
+            Base::os_->Flush();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() {
+        PrettyPrefix(kArrayType);
+        new (Base::level_stack_.template Push<typename Base::Level>()) typename Base::Level(true);
+        return Base::WriteStartArray();
+    }
+
+    bool EndArray(SizeType memberCount = 0) {
+        (void)memberCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(Base::level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(typename Base::Level));
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(Base::level_stack_.template Top<typename Base::Level>()->inArray);
+        bool empty = Base::level_stack_.template Pop<typename Base::Level>(1)->valueCount == 0;
+
+        if (!empty && !(formatOptions_ & kFormatSingleLineArray)) {
+            Base::os_->Put('\n');
+            WriteIndent();
+        }
+        bool ret = Base::WriteEndArray();
+        (void)ret;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(ret == true);
+        if (Base::level_stack_.Empty()) // end of json text
+            Base::os_->Flush();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    /*! @name Convenience extensions */
+    //@{
+
+    //! Simpler but slower overload.
+    bool String(const Ch* str) { return String(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+    bool Key(const Ch* str) { return Key(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Write a raw JSON value.
+    /*!
+        For user to write a stringified JSON as a value.
+
+        \param json A well-formed JSON value. It should not contain null character within [0, length - 1] range.
+        \param length Length of the json.
+        \param type Type of the root of json.
+        \note When using PrettyWriter::RawValue(), the result json may not be indented correctly.
+    */
+    bool RawValue(const Ch* json, size_t length, Type type) { PrettyPrefix(type); return Base::WriteRawValue(json, length); }
+
+protected:
+    void PrettyPrefix(Type type) {
+        (void)type;
+        if (Base::level_stack_.GetSize() != 0) { // this value is not at root
+            typename Base::Level* level = Base::level_stack_.template Top<typename Base::Level>();
+
+            if (level->inArray) {
+                if (level->valueCount > 0) {
+                    Base::os_->Put(','); // add comma if it is not the first element in array
+                    if (formatOptions_ & kFormatSingleLineArray)
+                        Base::os_->Put(' ');
+                }
+
+                if (!(formatOptions_ & kFormatSingleLineArray)) {
+                    Base::os_->Put('\n');
+                    WriteIndent();
+                }
+            }
+            else {  // in object
+                if (level->valueCount > 0) {
+                    if (level->valueCount % 2 == 0) {
+                        Base::os_->Put(',');
+                        Base::os_->Put('\n');
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        Base::os_->Put(':');
+                        Base::os_->Put(' ');
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                    Base::os_->Put('\n');
+
+                if (level->valueCount % 2 == 0)
+                    WriteIndent();
+            }
+            if (!level->inArray && level->valueCount % 2 == 0)
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type == kStringType);  // if it's in object, then even number should be a name
+            level->valueCount++;
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Base::hasRoot_);  // Should only has one and only one root.
+            Base::hasRoot_ = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void WriteIndent()  {
+        size_t count = (Base::level_stack_.GetSize() / sizeof(typename Base::Level)) * indentCharCount_;
+        PutN(*Base::os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(indentChar_), count);
+    }
+
+    Ch indentChar_;
+    unsigned indentCharCount_;
+    PrettyFormatOptions formatOptions_;
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    PrettyWriter(const PrettyWriter&);
+    PrettyWriter& operator=(const PrettyWriter&);
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/rapidjson.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/rapidjson.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..053b2ce4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/rapidjson.h
@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
+
+/*!\file rapidjson.h
+    \brief common definitions and configuration
+    
+    \see RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+ */
+
+/*! \defgroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG RapidJSON configuration
+    \brief Configuration macros for library features
+
+    Some RapidJSON features are configurable to adapt the library to a wide
+    variety of platforms, environments and usage scenarios.  Most of the
+    features can be configured in terms of overriden or predefined
+    preprocessor macros at compile-time.
+
+    Some additional customization is available in the \ref RAPIDJSON_ERRORS APIs.
+
+    \note These macros should be given on the compiler command-line
+          (where applicable)  to avoid inconsistent values when compiling
+          different translation units of a single application.
+ */
+
+#include <cstdlib>  // malloc(), realloc(), free(), size_t
+#include <cstring>  // memset(), memcpy(), memmove(), memcmp()
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_VERSION_STRING
+//
+// ALWAYS synchronize the following 3 macros with corresponding variables in /CMakeLists.txt.
+//
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+// token stringification
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(x) RAPIDJSON_DO_STRINGIFY(x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DO_STRINGIFY(x) #x
+//!@endcond
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_MAJOR_VERSION
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Major version of RapidJSON in integer.
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_MINOR_VERSION
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Minor version of RapidJSON in integer.
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PATCH_VERSION
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Patch version of RapidJSON in integer.
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_VERSION_STRING
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Version of RapidJSON in "<major>.<minor>.<patch>" string format.
+*/
+#define RAPIDJSON_MAJOR_VERSION 1
+#define RAPIDJSON_MINOR_VERSION 1
+#define RAPIDJSON_PATCH_VERSION 0
+#define RAPIDJSON_VERSION_STRING \
+    RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(RAPIDJSON_MAJOR_VERSION.RAPIDJSON_MINOR_VERSION.RAPIDJSON_PATCH_VERSION)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_(BEGIN|END)
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief   provide custom rapidjson namespace
+
+    In order to avoid symbol clashes and/or "One Definition Rule" errors
+    between multiple inclusions of (different versions of) RapidJSON in
+    a single binary, users can customize the name of the main RapidJSON
+    namespace.
+
+    In case of a single nesting level, defining \c RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+    to a custom name (e.g. \c MyRapidJSON) is sufficient.  If multiple
+    levels are needed, both \ref RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN and \ref
+    RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END need to be defined as well:
+
+    \code
+    // in some .cpp file
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE my::rapidjson
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN namespace my { namespace rapidjson {
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END   } }
+    #include "rapidjson/..."
+    \endcode
+
+    \see rapidjson
+ */
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief   provide custom rapidjson namespace (opening expression)
+    \see RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief   provide custom rapidjson namespace (closing expression)
+    \see RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+#define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE rapidjson
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+#define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN namespace RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE {
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+#define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END }
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING 1 // force generation of documentation
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING 0 // no std::string support by default
+#endif
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Enable RapidJSON support for \c std::string
+
+    By defining this preprocessor symbol to \c 1, several convenience functions for using
+    \ref rapidjson::GenericValue with \c std::string are enabled, especially
+    for construction and comparison.
+
+    \hideinitializer
+*/
+#endif // !defined(RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING)
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+#include <string>
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Use external 64-bit integer types.
+
+    RapidJSON requires the 64-bit integer types \c int64_t and  \c uint64_t types
+    to be available at global scope.
+
+    If users have their own definition, define RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE to
+    prevent RapidJSON from defining its own types.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1800)	// Visual Studio 2013
+#include "msinttypes/stdint.h"
+#include "msinttypes/inttypes.h"
+#else
+// Other compilers should have this.
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#endif
+//!@endcond
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING
+#define RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64TYPEDEF
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(NDEBUG)
+#define RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE __forceinline
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4 && defined(NDEBUG)
+#define RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE __attribute__((always_inline))
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+#endif
+//!@endcond
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+#define RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN  0   //!< Little endian machine
+#define RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN     1   //!< Big endian machine
+
+//! Endianness of the machine.
+/*!
+    \def RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+
+    GCC 4.6 provided macro for detecting endianness of the target machine. But other
+    compilers may not have this. User can define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN to either
+    \ref RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN or \ref RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN.
+
+    Default detection implemented with reference to
+    \li https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.6.0/cpp/Common-Predefined-Macros.html
+    \li http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_42_0/boost/detail/endian.hpp
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+// Detect with GCC 4.6's macro
+#  ifdef __BYTE_ORDER__
+#    if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#    elif __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+#    else
+#      error Unknown machine endianess detected. User needs to define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN.
+#    endif // __BYTE_ORDER__
+// Detect with GLIBC's endian.h
+#  elif defined(__GLIBC__)
+#    include <endian.h>
+#    if (__BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#    elif (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+#    else
+#      error Unknown machine endianess detected. User needs to define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN.
+#   endif // __GLIBC__
+// Detect with _LITTLE_ENDIAN and _BIG_ENDIAN macro
+#  elif defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && !defined(_BIG_ENDIAN)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#  elif defined(_BIG_ENDIAN) && !defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+// Detect with architecture macros
+#  elif defined(__sparc) || defined(__sparc__) || defined(_POWER) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__hpux) || defined(__hppa) || defined(_MIPSEB) || defined(_POWER) || defined(__s390__)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+#  elif defined(__i386__) || defined(__alpha__) || defined(__ia64) || defined(__ia64__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_IA64) || defined(_M_ALPHA) || defined(__amd64) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__bfin__)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#  elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_ARM)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#  elif defined(RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+#  else
+#    error Unknown machine endianess detected. User needs to define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN.   
+#  endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+
+//! Whether using 64-bit architecture
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+#if defined(__LP64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__ILP32__)) || defined(_WIN64) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_64BIT 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_64BIT 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ALIGN
+
+//! Data alignment of the machine.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \param x pointer to align
+
+    Some machines require strict data alignment. Currently the default uses 4 bytes
+    alignment on 32-bit platforms and 8 bytes alignment for 64-bit platforms.
+    User can customize by defining the RAPIDJSON_ALIGN function macro.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ALIGN
+#if RAPIDJSON_64BIT == 1
+#define RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(x) (((x) + static_cast<uint64_t>(7u)) & ~static_cast<uint64_t>(7u))
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(x) (((x) + 3u) & ~3u)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2
+
+//! Construct a 64-bit literal by a pair of 32-bit integer.
+/*!
+    64-bit literal with or without ULL suffix is prone to compiler warnings.
+    UINT64_C() is C macro which cause compilation problems.
+    Use this macro to define 64-bit constants by a pair of 32-bit integer.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2
+#define RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(high32, low32) ((static_cast<uint64_t>(high32) << 32) | static_cast<uint64_t>(low32))
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+
+//! Use only lower 48-bit address for some pointers.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+
+    This optimization uses the fact that current X86-64 architecture only implement lower 48-bit virtual address.
+    The higher 16-bit can be used for storing other data.
+    \c GenericValue uses this optimization to reduce its size form 24 bytes to 16 bytes in 64-bit architecture.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__amd64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_AMD64)
+#define RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION == 1
+#if RAPIDJSON_64BIT != 1
+#error RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION can only be set to 1 when RAPIDJSON_64BIT=1
+#endif
+#define RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(type, p, x) (p = reinterpret_cast<type *>((reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p) & static_cast<uintptr_t>(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFF0000, 0x00000000))) | reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(x))))
+#define RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(type, p) (reinterpret_cast<type *>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p) & static_cast<uintptr_t>(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x0000FFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(type, p, x) (p = (x))
+#define RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(type, p) (p)
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_SSE2/RAPIDJSON_SSE42/RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Enable SSE2/SSE4.2 optimization.
+
+    RapidJSON supports optimized implementations for some parsing operations
+    based on the SSE2 or SSE4.2 SIMD extensions on modern Intel-compatible
+    processors.
+
+    To enable these optimizations, two different symbols can be defined;
+    \code
+    // Enable SSE2 optimization.
+    #define RAPIDJSON_SSE2
+
+    // Enable SSE4.2 optimization.
+    #define RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+    \endcode
+
+    \c RAPIDJSON_SSE42 takes precedence, if both are defined.
+
+    If any of these symbols is defined, RapidJSON defines the macro
+    \c RAPIDJSON_SIMD to indicate the availability of the optimized code.
+*/
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2) || defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE42) \
+    || defined(RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
+#define RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-provided \c SizeType definition.
+
+    In order to avoid using 32-bit size types for indexing strings and arrays,
+    define this preprocessor symbol and provide the type rapidjson::SizeType
+    before including RapidJSON:
+    \code
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+    namespace rapidjson { typedef ::std::size_t SizeType; }
+    #include "rapidjson/..."
+    \endcode
+
+    \see rapidjson::SizeType
+*/
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING
+#define RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+#endif
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+//! Size type (for string lengths, array sizes, etc.)
+/*! RapidJSON uses 32-bit array/string indices even on 64-bit platforms,
+    instead of using \c size_t. Users may override the SizeType by defining
+    \ref RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE.
+*/
+typedef unsigned SizeType;
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+#endif
+
+// always import std::size_t to rapidjson namespace
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+using std::size_t;
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ASSERT
+
+//! Assertion.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    By default, rapidjson uses C \c assert() for internal assertions.
+    User can override it by defining RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(x) macro.
+
+    \note Parsing errors are handled and can be customized by the
+          \ref RAPIDJSON_ERRORS APIs.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ASSERT
+#include <cassert>
+#define RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ASSERT
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+
+// Adopt from boost
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+#ifndef __clang__
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#endif
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+template <bool x> struct STATIC_ASSERTION_FAILURE;
+template <> struct STATIC_ASSERTION_FAILURE<true> { enum { value = 1 }; };
+template<int x> struct StaticAssertTest {};
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_JOIN(X, Y) RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN(X, Y)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN(X, Y) RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN2(X, Y)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN2(X, Y) X##Y
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT_UNUSED_ATTRIBUTE __attribute__((unused))
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT_UNUSED_ATTRIBUTE 
+#endif
+#ifndef __clang__
+//!@endcond
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+    \brief (Internal) macro to check for conditions at compile-time
+    \param x compile-time condition
+    \hideinitializer
+ */
+#define RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(x) \
+    typedef ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::StaticAssertTest< \
+      sizeof(::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::STATIC_ASSERTION_FAILURE<bool(x) >)> \
+    RAPIDJSON_JOIN(StaticAssertTypedef, __LINE__) RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT_UNUSED_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_LIKELY, RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY
+
+//! Compiler branching hint for expression with high probability to be true.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \param x Boolean expression likely to be true.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_LIKELY
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+//! Compiler branching hint for expression with low probability to be true.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \param x Boolean expression unlikely to be true.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Helpers
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN do {  
+#define RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END \
+} while((void)0, 0)
+
+// adopted from Boost
+#define RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(x,y,z) \
+  (((x)*100000) + ((y)*100) + (z))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH/POP, RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_GNUC \
+    RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(__GNUC__,__GNUC_MINOR__,__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,2,0))
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(x) _Pragma(RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(x))
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(x) RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(x) \
+    RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(ignored RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(RAPIDJSON_JOIN(-W,x)))
+
+// push/pop support in Clang and GCC>=4.6
+#if defined(__clang__) || (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,6,0))
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(push)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP  RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(pop)
+#else // GCC >= 4.2, < 4.6
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH /* ignored */
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP /* ignored */
+#endif
+
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+// pragma (MSVC specific)
+#define RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(x) __pragma(x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(x) RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(warning(x))
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(x) RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(disable: x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(push)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP  RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(pop)
+
+#else
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(x) /* ignored */
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH   /* ignored */
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP    /* ignored */
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DIAG_*
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// C++11 features
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#if __has_feature(cxx_rvalue_references) && \
+    (defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) || defined(__GLIBCXX__) && __GLIBCXX__ >= 20080306)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 0
+#endif
+#elif (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && (RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,3,0)) && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)) || \
+      (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600)
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT __has_feature(cxx_noexcept)
+#elif (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && (RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,6,0)) && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__))
+//    (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= ????) // not yet supported
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 0
+#endif
+#endif
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT /* noexcept */
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT
+
+// no automatic detection, yet
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR __has_feature(cxx_range_for)
+#elif (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && (RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,3,0)) && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)) || \
+      (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1700)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+
+//!@endcond
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// new/delete
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NEW
+///! customization point for global \c new
+#define RAPIDJSON_NEW(x) new x
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DELETE
+///! customization point for global \c delete
+#define RAPIDJSON_DELETE(x) delete x
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Type
+
+/*! \namespace rapidjson
+    \brief main RapidJSON namespace
+    \see RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+*/
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Type of JSON value
+enum Type {
+    kNullType = 0,      //!< null
+    kFalseType = 1,     //!< false
+    kTrueType = 2,      //!< true
+    kObjectType = 3,    //!< object
+    kArrayType = 4,     //!< array 
+    kStringType = 5,    //!< string
+    kNumberType = 6     //!< number
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/reader.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/reader.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..19f8849b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/reader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1879 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_READER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_READER_H_
+
+/*! \file reader.h */
+
+#include "allocators.h"
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "encodedstream.h"
+#include "internal/meta.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+#include "internal/strtod.h"
+#include <limits>
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SIMD) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
+#endif
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+#include <nmmintrin.h>
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2)
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4127)  // conditional expression is constant
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4702)  // unreachable code
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(old-style-cast)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOTHING /* deliberately empty */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(value) \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN \
+    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(HasParseError())) { return value; } \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+#endif
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID \
+    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(RAPIDJSON_NOTHING)
+//!@endcond
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \brief Macro to indicate a parse error.
+    \param parseErrorCode \ref rapidjson::ParseErrorCode of the error
+    \param offset  position of the error in JSON input (\c size_t)
+
+    This macros can be used as a customization point for the internal
+    error handling mechanism of RapidJSON.
+
+    A common usage model is to throw an exception instead of requiring the
+    caller to explicitly check the \ref rapidjson::GenericReader::Parse's
+    return value:
+
+    \code
+    #define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(parseErrorCode,offset) \
+       throw ParseException(parseErrorCode, #parseErrorCode, offset)
+
+    #include <stdexcept>               // std::runtime_error
+    #include "rapidjson/error/error.h" // rapidjson::ParseResult
+
+    struct ParseException : std::runtime_error, rapidjson::ParseResult {
+      ParseException(rapidjson::ParseErrorCode code, const char* msg, size_t offset)
+        : std::runtime_error(msg), ParseResult(code, offset) {}
+    };
+
+    #include "rapidjson/reader.h"
+    \endcode
+
+    \see RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR, rapidjson::GenericReader::Parse
+ */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(parseErrorCode, offset) \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN \
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!HasParseError()); /* Error can only be assigned once */ \
+    SetParseError(parseErrorCode, offset); \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \brief (Internal) macro to indicate and handle a parse error.
+    \param parseErrorCode \ref rapidjson::ParseErrorCode of the error
+    \param offset  position of the error in JSON input (\c size_t)
+
+    Invokes RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN and stops the parsing.
+
+    \see RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN
+    \hideinitializer
+ */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(parseErrorCode, offset) \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN \
+    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(parseErrorCode, offset); \
+    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID; \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+#endif
+
+#include "error/error.h" // ParseErrorCode, ParseResult
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ParseFlag
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-defined kParseDefaultFlags definition.
+
+    User can define this as any \c ParseFlag combinations.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS kParseNoFlags
+#endif
+
+//! Combination of parseFlags
+/*! \see Reader::Parse, Document::Parse, Document::ParseInsitu, Document::ParseStream
+ */
+enum ParseFlag {
+    kParseNoFlags = 0,              //!< No flags are set.
+    kParseInsituFlag = 1,           //!< In-situ(destructive) parsing.
+    kParseValidateEncodingFlag = 2, //!< Validate encoding of JSON strings.
+    kParseIterativeFlag = 4,        //!< Iterative(constant complexity in terms of function call stack size) parsing.
+    kParseStopWhenDoneFlag = 8,     //!< After parsing a complete JSON root from stream, stop further processing the rest of stream. When this flag is used, parser will not generate kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular error.
+    kParseFullPrecisionFlag = 16,   //!< Parse number in full precision (but slower).
+    kParseCommentsFlag = 32,        //!< Allow one-line (//) and multi-line (/**/) comments.
+    kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag = 64,    //!< Parse all numbers (ints/doubles) as strings.
+    kParseTrailingCommasFlag = 128, //!< Allow trailing commas at the end of objects and arrays.
+    kParseNanAndInfFlag = 256,      //!< Allow parsing NaN, Inf, Infinity, -Inf and -Infinity as doubles.
+    kParseDefaultFlags = RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS  //!< Default parse flags. Can be customized by defining RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Handler
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Handler
+    \brief Concept for receiving events from GenericReader upon parsing.
+    The functions return true if no error occurs. If they return false,
+    the event publisher should terminate the process.
+\code
+concept Handler {
+    typename Ch;
+
+    bool Null();
+    bool Bool(bool b);
+    bool Int(int i);
+    bool Uint(unsigned i);
+    bool Int64(int64_t i);
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t i);
+    bool Double(double d);
+    /// enabled via kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag, string is not null-terminated (use length)
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy);
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy);
+    bool StartObject();
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy);
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount);
+    bool StartArray();
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount);
+};
+\endcode
+*/
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// BaseReaderHandler
+
+//! Default implementation of Handler.
+/*! This can be used as base class of any reader handler.
+    \note implements Handler concept
+*/
+template<typename Encoding = UTF8<>, typename Derived = void>
+struct BaseReaderHandler {
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    typedef typename internal::SelectIf<internal::IsSame<Derived, void>, BaseReaderHandler, Derived>::Type Override;
+
+    bool Default() { return true; }
+    bool Null() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Bool(bool) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Int(int) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Double(double) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    /// enabled via kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag, string is not null-terminated (use length)
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).String(str, len, copy); }
+    bool String(const Ch*, SizeType, bool) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool StartObject() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).String(str, len, copy); }
+    bool EndObject(SizeType) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool StartArray() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool EndArray(SizeType) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// StreamLocalCopy
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template<typename Stream, int = StreamTraits<Stream>::copyOptimization>
+class StreamLocalCopy;
+
+//! Do copy optimization.
+template<typename Stream>
+class StreamLocalCopy<Stream, 1> {
+public:
+    StreamLocalCopy(Stream& original) : s(original), original_(original) {}
+    ~StreamLocalCopy() { original_ = s; }
+
+    Stream s;
+
+private:
+    StreamLocalCopy& operator=(const StreamLocalCopy&) /* = delete */;
+
+    Stream& original_;
+};
+
+//! Keep reference.
+template<typename Stream>
+class StreamLocalCopy<Stream, 0> {
+public:
+    StreamLocalCopy(Stream& original) : s(original) {}
+
+    Stream& s;
+
+private:
+    StreamLocalCopy& operator=(const StreamLocalCopy&) /* = delete */;
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SkipWhitespace
+
+//! Skip the JSON white spaces in a stream.
+/*! \param is A input stream for skipping white spaces.
+    \note This function has SSE2/SSE4.2 specialization.
+*/
+template<typename InputStream>
+void SkipWhitespace(InputStream& is) {
+    internal::StreamLocalCopy<InputStream> copy(is);
+    InputStream& s(copy.s);
+
+    typename InputStream::Ch c;
+    while ((c = s.Peek()) == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t')
+        s.Take();
+}
+
+inline const char* SkipWhitespace(const char* p, const char* end) {
+    while (p != end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t'))
+        ++p;
+    return p;
+}
+
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+//! Skip whitespace with SSE 4.2 pcmpistrm instruction, testing 16 8-byte characters at once.
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // 16-byte align to the next boundary
+    const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    while (p != nextAligned)
+        if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+            ++p;
+        else
+            return p;
+
+    // The rest of string using SIMD
+    static const char whitespace[16] = " \n\r\t";
+    const __m128i w = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespace[0]));
+
+    for (;; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        const int r = _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_cmpistrm(w, s, _SIDD_UBYTE_OPS | _SIDD_CMP_EQUAL_ANY | _SIDD_BIT_MASK | _SIDD_NEGATIVE_POLARITY));
+        if (r != 0) {   // some of characters is non-whitespace
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first non-whitespace
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            return p + offset;
+#else
+            return p + __builtin_ffs(r) - 1;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p, const char* end) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (p != end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t'))
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // The middle of string using SIMD
+    static const char whitespace[16] = " \n\r\t";
+    const __m128i w = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespace[0]));
+
+    for (; p <= end - 16; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        const int r = _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_cmpistrm(w, s, _SIDD_UBYTE_OPS | _SIDD_CMP_EQUAL_ANY | _SIDD_BIT_MASK | _SIDD_NEGATIVE_POLARITY));
+        if (r != 0) {   // some of characters is non-whitespace
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first non-whitespace
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            return p + offset;
+#else
+            return p + __builtin_ffs(r) - 1;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    return SkipWhitespace(p, end);
+}
+
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2)
+
+//! Skip whitespace with SSE2 instructions, testing 16 8-byte characters at once.
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // 16-byte align to the next boundary
+    const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    while (p != nextAligned)
+        if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+            ++p;
+        else
+            return p;
+
+    // The rest of string
+    #define C16(c) { c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c }
+    static const char whitespaces[4][16] = { C16(' '), C16('\n'), C16('\r'), C16('\t') };
+    #undef C16
+
+    const __m128i w0 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[0][0]));
+    const __m128i w1 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[1][0]));
+    const __m128i w2 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[2][0]));
+    const __m128i w3 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[3][0]));
+
+    for (;; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        __m128i x = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w0);
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w1));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w2));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w3));
+        unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(~_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+        if (r != 0) {   // some of characters may be non-whitespace
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first non-whitespace
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            return p + offset;
+#else
+            return p + __builtin_ffs(r) - 1;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p, const char* end) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (p != end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t'))
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // The rest of string
+    #define C16(c) { c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c }
+    static const char whitespaces[4][16] = { C16(' '), C16('\n'), C16('\r'), C16('\t') };
+    #undef C16
+
+    const __m128i w0 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[0][0]));
+    const __m128i w1 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[1][0]));
+    const __m128i w2 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[2][0]));
+    const __m128i w3 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[3][0]));
+
+    for (; p <= end - 16; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        __m128i x = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w0);
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w1));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w2));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w3));
+        unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(~_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+        if (r != 0) {   // some of characters may be non-whitespace
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first non-whitespace
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            return p + offset;
+#else
+            return p + __builtin_ffs(r) - 1;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    return SkipWhitespace(p, end);
+}
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SSE2
+
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+//! Template function specialization for InsituStringStream
+template<> inline void SkipWhitespace(InsituStringStream& is) {
+    is.src_ = const_cast<char*>(SkipWhitespace_SIMD(is.src_));
+}
+
+//! Template function specialization for StringStream
+template<> inline void SkipWhitespace(StringStream& is) {
+    is.src_ = SkipWhitespace_SIMD(is.src_);
+}
+
+template<> inline void SkipWhitespace(EncodedInputStream<UTF8<>, MemoryStream>& is) {
+    is.is_.src_ = SkipWhitespace_SIMD(is.is_.src_, is.is_.end_);
+}
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericReader
+
+//! SAX-style JSON parser. Use \ref Reader for UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+/*! GenericReader parses JSON text from a stream, and send events synchronously to an
+    object implementing Handler concept.
+
+    It needs to allocate a stack for storing a single decoded string during
+    non-destructive parsing.
+
+    For in-situ parsing, the decoded string is directly written to the source
+    text string, no temporary buffer is required.
+
+    A GenericReader object can be reused for parsing multiple JSON text.
+
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of the input stream.
+    \tparam TargetEncoding Encoding of the parse output.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Allocator type for stack.
+*/
+template <typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericReader {
+public:
+    typedef typename SourceEncoding::Ch Ch; //!< SourceEncoding character type
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*! \param stackAllocator Optional allocator for allocating stack memory. (Only use for non-destructive parsing)
+        \param stackCapacity stack capacity in bytes for storing a single decoded string.  (Only use for non-destructive parsing)
+    */
+    GenericReader(StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultStackCapacity) : stack_(stackAllocator, stackCapacity), parseResult_() {}
+
+    //! Parse JSON text.
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept.
+        \tparam Handler Type of handler, implementing Handler concept.
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \param handler The handler to receive events.
+        \return Whether the parsing is successful.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    ParseResult Parse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        if (parseFlags & kParseIterativeFlag)
+            return IterativeParse<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+
+        parseResult_.Clear();
+
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() == '\0')) {
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorDocumentEmpty, is.Tell());
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+        }
+        else {
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseStopWhenDoneFlag)) {
+                SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() != '\0')) {
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, is.Tell());
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return parseResult_;
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \tparam Handler Type of handler, implementing Handler concept.
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \param handler The handler to receive events.
+        \return Whether the parsing is successful.
+    */
+    template <typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    ParseResult Parse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(is, handler);
+    }
+
+    //! Whether a parse error has occured in the last parsing.
+    bool HasParseError() const { return parseResult_.IsError(); }
+
+    //! Get the \ref ParseErrorCode of last parsing.
+    ParseErrorCode GetParseErrorCode() const { return parseResult_.Code(); }
+
+    //! Get the position of last parsing error in input, 0 otherwise.
+    size_t GetErrorOffset() const { return parseResult_.Offset(); }
+
+protected:
+    void SetParseError(ParseErrorCode code, size_t offset) { parseResult_.Set(code, offset); }
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    GenericReader(const GenericReader&);
+    GenericReader& operator=(const GenericReader&);
+
+    void ClearStack() { stack_.Clear(); }
+
+    // clear stack on any exit from ParseStream, e.g. due to exception
+    struct ClearStackOnExit {
+        explicit ClearStackOnExit(GenericReader& r) : r_(r) {}
+        ~ClearStackOnExit() { r_.ClearStack(); }
+    private:
+        GenericReader& r_;
+        ClearStackOnExit(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+        ClearStackOnExit& operator=(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+    };
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream>
+    void SkipWhitespaceAndComments(InputStream& is) {
+        SkipWhitespace(is);
+
+        if (parseFlags & kParseCommentsFlag) {
+            while (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(Consume(is, '/'))) {
+                if (Consume(is, '*')) {
+                    while (true) {
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() == '\0'))
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError, is.Tell());
+                        else if (Consume(is, '*')) {
+                            if (Consume(is, '/'))
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        else
+                            is.Take();
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, '/')))
+                    while (is.Peek() != '\0' && is.Take() != '\n');
+                else
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError, is.Tell());
+
+                SkipWhitespace(is);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Parse object: { string : value, ... }
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseObject(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == '{');
+        is.Take();  // Skip '{'
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartObject()))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+        if (Consume(is, '}')) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndObject(0)))  // empty object
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (SizeType memberCount = 0;;) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() != '"'))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissName, is.Tell());
+
+            ParseString<parseFlags>(is, handler, true);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!Consume(is, ':')))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissColon, is.Tell());
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            ++memberCount;
+
+            switch (is.Peek()) {
+                case ',':
+                    is.Take();
+                    SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+                    break;
+                case '}':
+                    is.Take();
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndObject(memberCount)))
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                    return;
+                default:
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket, is.Tell()); break; // This useless break is only for making warning and coverage happy
+            }
+
+            if (parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) {
+                if (is.Peek() == '}') {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndObject(memberCount)))
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                    is.Take();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Parse array: [ value, ... ]
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseArray(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == '[');
+        is.Take();  // Skip '['
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartArray()))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+        if (Consume(is, ']')) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndArray(0))) // empty array
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (SizeType elementCount = 0;;) {
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            ++elementCount;
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            if (Consume(is, ',')) {
+                SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+            }
+            else if (Consume(is, ']')) {
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndArray(elementCount)))
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return;
+            }
+            else
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket, is.Tell());
+
+            if (parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) {
+                if (is.Peek() == ']') {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndArray(elementCount)))
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                    is.Take();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseNull(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == 'n');
+        is.Take();
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, 'u') && Consume(is, 'l') && Consume(is, 'l'))) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Null()))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+    }
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseTrue(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == 't');
+        is.Take();
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, 'r') && Consume(is, 'u') && Consume(is, 'e'))) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Bool(true)))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+    }
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseFalse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == 'f');
+        is.Take();
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, 'a') && Consume(is, 'l') && Consume(is, 's') && Consume(is, 'e'))) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Bool(false)))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Consume(InputStream& is, typename InputStream::Ch expect) {
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Peek() == expect)) {
+            is.Take();
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // Helper function to parse four hexidecimal digits in \uXXXX in ParseString().
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    unsigned ParseHex4(InputStream& is, size_t escapeOffset) {
+        unsigned codepoint = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            Ch c = is.Peek();
+            codepoint <<= 4;
+            codepoint += static_cast<unsigned>(c);
+            if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                codepoint -= '0';
+            else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+                codepoint -= 'A' - 10;
+            else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+                codepoint -= 'a' - 10;
+            else {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorStringUnicodeEscapeInvalidHex, escapeOffset);
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(0);
+            }
+            is.Take();
+        }
+        return codepoint;
+    }
+
+    template <typename CharType>
+    class StackStream {
+    public:
+        typedef CharType Ch;
+
+        StackStream(internal::Stack<StackAllocator>& stack) : stack_(stack), length_(0) {}
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Put(Ch c) {
+            *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = c;
+            ++length_;
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void* Push(SizeType count) {
+            length_ += count;
+            return stack_.template Push<Ch>(count);
+        }
+
+        size_t Length() const { return length_; }
+
+        Ch* Pop() {
+            return stack_.template Pop<Ch>(length_);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        StackStream(const StackStream&);
+        StackStream& operator=(const StackStream&);
+
+        internal::Stack<StackAllocator>& stack_;
+        SizeType length_;
+    };
+
+    // Parse string and generate String event. Different code paths for kParseInsituFlag.
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseString(InputStream& is, Handler& handler, bool isKey = false) {
+        internal::StreamLocalCopy<InputStream> copy(is);
+        InputStream& s(copy.s);
+
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(s.Peek() == '\"');
+        s.Take();  // Skip '\"'
+
+        bool success = false;
+        if (parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) {
+            typename InputStream::Ch *head = s.PutBegin();
+            ParseStringToStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding, SourceEncoding>(s, s);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+            size_t length = s.PutEnd(head) - 1;
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length <= 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* const str = reinterpret_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch*>(head);
+            success = (isKey ? handler.Key(str, SizeType(length), false) : handler.String(str, SizeType(length), false));
+        }
+        else {
+            StackStream<typename TargetEncoding::Ch> stackStream(stack_);
+            ParseStringToStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding>(s, stackStream);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+            SizeType length = static_cast<SizeType>(stackStream.Length()) - 1;
+            const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* const str = stackStream.Pop();
+            success = (isKey ? handler.Key(str, length, true) : handler.String(str, length, true));
+        }
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!success))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, s.Tell());
+    }
+
+    // Parse string to an output is
+    // This function handles the prefix/suffix double quotes, escaping, and optional encoding validation.
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename SEncoding, typename TEncoding, typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ParseStringToStream(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#define Z16 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
+        static const char escape[256] = {
+            Z16, Z16, 0, 0,'\"', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,'/',
+            Z16, Z16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,'\\', 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0,'\b', 0, 0, 0,'\f', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,'\n', 0,
+            0, 0,'\r', 0,'\t', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16
+        };
+#undef Z16
+//!@endcond
+
+        for (;;) {
+            // Scan and copy string before "\\\"" or < 0x20. This is an optional optimzation.
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseValidateEncodingFlag))
+                ScanCopyUnescapedString(is, os);
+
+            Ch c = is.Peek();
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(c == '\\')) {    // Escape
+                size_t escapeOffset = is.Tell();    // For invalid escaping, report the inital '\\' as error offset
+                is.Take();
+                Ch e = is.Peek();
+                if ((sizeof(Ch) == 1 || unsigned(e) < 256) && RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(e)])) {
+                    is.Take();
+                    os.Put(static_cast<typename TEncoding::Ch>(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(e)]));
+                }
+                else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(e == 'u')) {    // Unicode
+                    is.Take();
+                    unsigned codepoint = ParseHex4(is, escapeOffset);
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(codepoint >= 0xD800 && codepoint <= 0xDBFF)) {
+                        // Handle UTF-16 surrogate pair
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!Consume(is, '\\') || !Consume(is, 'u')))
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid, escapeOffset);
+                        unsigned codepoint2 = ParseHex4(is, escapeOffset);
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(codepoint2 < 0xDC00 || codepoint2 > 0xDFFF))
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid, escapeOffset);
+                        codepoint = (((codepoint - 0xD800) << 10) | (codepoint2 - 0xDC00)) + 0x10000;
+                    }
+                    TEncoding::Encode(os, codepoint);
+                }
+                else
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid, escapeOffset);
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(c == '"')) {    // Closing double quote
+                is.Take();
+                os.Put('\0');   // null-terminate the string
+                return;
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(c) < 0x20)) { // RFC 4627: unescaped = %x20-21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-10FFFF
+                if (c == '\0')
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringMissQuotationMark, is.Tell());
+                else
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid, is.Tell());
+            }
+            else {
+                size_t offset = is.Tell();
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY((parseFlags & kParseValidateEncodingFlag ?
+                    !Transcoder<SEncoding, TEncoding>::Validate(is, os) :
+                    !Transcoder<SEncoding, TEncoding>::Transcode(is, os))))
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding, offset);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ScanCopyUnescapedString(InputStream&, OutputStream&) {
+            // Do nothing for generic version
+    }
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2) || defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE42)
+    // StringStream -> StackStream<char>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ScanCopyUnescapedString(StringStream& is, StackStream<char>& os) {
+        const char* p = is.src_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        while (p != nextAligned)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = p;
+                return;
+            }
+            else
+                os.Put(*p++);
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+        static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+        static const char space[16]  = { 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19 };
+        const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+        const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+        const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+        for (;; p += 16) {
+            const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+            const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+            const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+            const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x19) == 0x19
+            const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+            unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+                SizeType length;
+    #ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+                unsigned long offset;
+                _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+                length = offset;
+    #else
+                length = static_cast<SizeType>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+    #endif
+                char* q = reinterpret_cast<char*>(os.Push(length));
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
+                    q[i] = p[i];
+
+                p += length;
+                break;
+            }
+            _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(os.Push(16)), s);
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = p;
+    }
+
+    // InsituStringStream -> InsituStringStream
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ScanCopyUnescapedString(InsituStringStream& is, InsituStringStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(&is == &os);
+        (void)os;
+
+        if (is.src_ == is.dst_) {
+            SkipUnescapedString(is);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        char* p = is.src_;
+        char *q = is.dst_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        while (p != nextAligned)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = p;
+                is.dst_ = q;
+                return;
+            }
+            else
+                *q++ = *p++;
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+        static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+        static const char space[16] = { 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19 };
+        const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+        const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+        const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+        for (;; p += 16, q += 16) {
+            const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+            const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+            const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+            const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x19) == 0x19
+            const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+            unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+                size_t length;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+                unsigned long offset;
+                _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+                length = offset;
+#else
+                length = static_cast<size_t>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+#endif
+                for (const char* pend = p + length; p != pend; )
+                    *q++ = *p++;
+                break;
+            }
+            _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(q), s);
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = p;
+        is.dst_ = q;
+    }
+
+    // When read/write pointers are the same for insitu stream, just skip unescaped characters
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void SkipUnescapedString(InsituStringStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.src_ == is.dst_);
+        char* p = is.src_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        for (; p != nextAligned; p++)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = is.dst_ = p;
+                return;
+            }
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+        static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+        static const char space[16] = { 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19 };
+        const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+        const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+        const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+        for (;; p += 16) {
+            const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+            const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+            const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+            const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x19) == 0x19
+            const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+            unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+                size_t length;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+                unsigned long offset;
+                _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+                length = offset;
+#else
+                length = static_cast<size_t>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+#endif
+                p += length;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = is.dst_ = p;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    template<typename InputStream, bool backup, bool pushOnTake>
+    class NumberStream;
+
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    class NumberStream<InputStream, false, false> {
+    public:
+        typedef typename InputStream::Ch Ch;
+
+        NumberStream(GenericReader& reader, InputStream& s) : is(s) { (void)reader;  }
+        ~NumberStream() {}
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch Peek() const { return is.Peek(); }
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch TakePush() { return is.Take(); }
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch Take() { return is.Take(); }
+		  RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Push(char) {}
+
+        size_t Tell() { return is.Tell(); }
+        size_t Length() { return 0; }
+        const char* Pop() { return 0; }
+
+    protected:
+        NumberStream& operator=(const NumberStream&);
+
+        InputStream& is;
+    };
+
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    class NumberStream<InputStream, true, false> : public NumberStream<InputStream, false, false> {
+        typedef NumberStream<InputStream, false, false> Base;
+    public:
+        NumberStream(GenericReader& reader, InputStream& is) : Base(reader, is), stackStream(reader.stack_) {}
+        ~NumberStream() {}
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch TakePush() {
+            stackStream.Put(static_cast<char>(Base::is.Peek()));
+            return Base::is.Take();
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Push(char c) {
+            stackStream.Put(c);
+        }
+
+        size_t Length() { return stackStream.Length(); }
+
+        const char* Pop() {
+            stackStream.Put('\0');
+            return stackStream.Pop();
+        }
+
+    private:
+        StackStream<char> stackStream;
+    };
+
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    class NumberStream<InputStream, true, true> : public NumberStream<InputStream, true, false> {
+        typedef NumberStream<InputStream, true, false> Base;
+    public:
+        NumberStream(GenericReader& reader, InputStream& is) : Base(reader, is) {}
+        ~NumberStream() {}
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch Take() { return Base::TakePush(); }
+    };
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseNumber(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        internal::StreamLocalCopy<InputStream> copy(is);
+        NumberStream<InputStream,
+            ((parseFlags & kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag) != 0) ?
+                ((parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) == 0) :
+                ((parseFlags & kParseFullPrecisionFlag) != 0),
+            (parseFlags & kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag) != 0 &&
+                (parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) == 0> s(*this, copy.s);
+
+        size_t startOffset = s.Tell();
+        double d = 0.0;
+        bool useNanOrInf = false;
+
+        // Parse minus
+        bool minus = Consume(s, '-');
+
+        // Parse int: zero / ( digit1-9 *DIGIT )
+        unsigned i = 0;
+        uint64_t i64 = 0;
+        bool use64bit = false;
+        int significandDigit = 0;
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(s.Peek() == '0')) {
+            i = 0;
+            s.TakePush();
+        }
+        else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '1' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+            i = static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+
+            if (minus)
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i >= 214748364)) { // 2^31 = 2147483648
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i != 214748364 || s.Peek() > '8')) {
+                            i64 = i;
+                            use64bit = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    i = i * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+            else
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i >= 429496729)) { // 2^32 - 1 = 4294967295
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i != 429496729 || s.Peek() > '5')) {
+                            i64 = i;
+                            use64bit = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    i = i * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+        }
+        // Parse NaN or Infinity here
+        else if ((parseFlags & kParseNanAndInfFlag) && RAPIDJSON_LIKELY((s.Peek() == 'I' || s.Peek() == 'N'))) {
+            useNanOrInf = true;
+            if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(s, 'N') && Consume(s, 'a') && Consume(s, 'N'))) {
+                d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(s, 'I') && Consume(s, 'n') && Consume(s, 'f'))) {
+                d = (minus ? -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity() : std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(s.Peek() == 'i' && !(Consume(s, 'i') && Consume(s, 'n')
+                                                            && Consume(s, 'i') && Consume(s, 't') && Consume(s, 'y'))))
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, s.Tell());
+            }
+            else
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, s.Tell());
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, s.Tell());
+
+        // Parse 64bit int
+        bool useDouble = false;
+        if (use64bit) {
+            if (minus)
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                     if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i64 >= RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x0CCCCCCC, 0xCCCCCCCC))) // 2^63 = 9223372036854775808
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i64 != RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x0CCCCCCC, 0xCCCCCCCC) || s.Peek() > '8')) {
+                            d = static_cast<double>(i64);
+                            useDouble = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    i64 = i64 * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+            else
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i64 >= RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999))) // 2^64 - 1 = 18446744073709551615
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i64 != RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999) || s.Peek() > '5')) {
+                            d = static_cast<double>(i64);
+                            useDouble = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    i64 = i64 * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        // Force double for big integer
+        if (useDouble) {
+            while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(d >= 1.7976931348623157e307)) // DBL_MAX / 10.0
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberTooBig, startOffset);
+                d = d * 10 + (s.TakePush() - '0');
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Parse frac = decimal-point 1*DIGIT
+        int expFrac = 0;
+        size_t decimalPosition;
+        if (Consume(s, '.')) {
+            decimalPosition = s.Length();
+
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberMissFraction, s.Tell());
+
+            if (!useDouble) {
+#if RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+                // Use i64 to store significand in 64-bit architecture
+                if (!use64bit)
+                    i64 = i;
+
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (i64 > RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x1FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF)) // 2^53 - 1 for fast path
+                        break;
+                    else {
+                        i64 = i64 * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                        --expFrac;
+                        if (i64 != 0)
+                            significandDigit++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                d = static_cast<double>(i64);
+#else
+                // Use double to store significand in 32-bit architecture
+                d = static_cast<double>(use64bit ? i64 : i);
+#endif
+                useDouble = true;
+            }
+
+            while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                if (significandDigit < 17) {
+                    d = d * 10.0 + (s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    --expFrac;
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(d > 0.0))
+                        significandDigit++;
+                }
+                else
+                    s.TakePush();
+            }
+        }
+        else
+            decimalPosition = s.Length(); // decimal position at the end of integer.
+
+        // Parse exp = e [ minus / plus ] 1*DIGIT
+        int exp = 0;
+        if (Consume(s, 'e') || Consume(s, 'E')) {
+            if (!useDouble) {
+                d = static_cast<double>(use64bit ? i64 : i);
+                useDouble = true;
+            }
+
+            bool expMinus = false;
+            if (Consume(s, '+'))
+                ;
+            else if (Consume(s, '-'))
+                expMinus = true;
+
+            if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                exp = static_cast<int>(s.Take() - '0');
+                if (expMinus) {
+                    while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                        exp = exp * 10 + static_cast<int>(s.Take() - '0');
+                        if (exp >= 214748364) {                         // Issue #313: prevent overflow exponent
+                            while (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9'))  // Consume the rest of exponent
+                                s.Take();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else {  // positive exp
+                    int maxExp = 308 - expFrac;
+                    while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                        exp = exp * 10 + static_cast<int>(s.Take() - '0');
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(exp > maxExp))
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberTooBig, startOffset);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberMissExponent, s.Tell());
+
+            if (expMinus)
+                exp = -exp;
+        }
+
+        // Finish parsing, call event according to the type of number.
+        bool cont = true;
+
+        if (parseFlags & kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag) {
+            if (parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) {
+                s.Pop();  // Pop stack no matter if it will be used or not.
+                typename InputStream::Ch* head = is.PutBegin();
+                const size_t length = s.Tell() - startOffset;
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length <= 0xFFFFFFFF);
+                // unable to insert the \0 character here, it will erase the comma after this number
+                const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* const str = reinterpret_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch*>(head);
+                cont = handler.RawNumber(str, SizeType(length), false);
+            }
+            else {
+                SizeType numCharsToCopy = static_cast<SizeType>(s.Length());
+                StringStream srcStream(s.Pop());
+                StackStream<typename TargetEncoding::Ch> dstStream(stack_);
+                while (numCharsToCopy--) {
+                    Transcoder<UTF8<>, TargetEncoding>::Transcode(srcStream, dstStream);
+                }
+                dstStream.Put('\0');
+                const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* str = dstStream.Pop();
+                const SizeType length = static_cast<SizeType>(dstStream.Length()) - 1;
+                cont = handler.RawNumber(str, SizeType(length), true);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+           size_t length = s.Length();
+           const char* decimal = s.Pop();  // Pop stack no matter if it will be used or not.
+
+           if (useDouble) {
+               int p = exp + expFrac;
+               if (parseFlags & kParseFullPrecisionFlag)
+                   d = internal::StrtodFullPrecision(d, p, decimal, length, decimalPosition, exp);
+               else
+                   d = internal::StrtodNormalPrecision(d, p);
+
+               cont = handler.Double(minus ? -d : d);
+           }
+           else if (useNanOrInf) {
+               cont = handler.Double(d);
+           }
+           else {
+               if (use64bit) {
+                   if (minus)
+                       cont = handler.Int64(static_cast<int64_t>(~i64 + 1));
+                   else
+                       cont = handler.Uint64(i64);
+               }
+               else {
+                   if (minus)
+                       cont = handler.Int(static_cast<int32_t>(~i + 1));
+                   else
+                       cont = handler.Uint(i);
+               }
+           }
+        }
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!cont))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, startOffset);
+    }
+
+    // Parse any JSON value
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseValue(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        switch (is.Peek()) {
+            case 'n': ParseNull  <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case 't': ParseTrue  <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case 'f': ParseFalse <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case '"': ParseString<parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case '{': ParseObject<parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case '[': ParseArray <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            default :
+                      ParseNumber<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+                      break;
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Iterative Parsing
+
+    // States
+    enum IterativeParsingState {
+        IterativeParsingStartState = 0,
+        IterativeParsingFinishState,
+        IterativeParsingErrorState,
+
+        // Object states
+        IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,
+        IterativeParsingMemberKeyState,
+        IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState,
+        IterativeParsingMemberValueState,
+        IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState,
+        IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,
+
+        // Array states
+        IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,
+        IterativeParsingElementState,
+        IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState,
+        IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,
+
+        // Single value state
+        IterativeParsingValueState
+    };
+
+    enum { cIterativeParsingStateCount = IterativeParsingValueState + 1 };
+
+    // Tokens
+    enum Token {
+        LeftBracketToken = 0,
+        RightBracketToken,
+
+        LeftCurlyBracketToken,
+        RightCurlyBracketToken,
+
+        CommaToken,
+        ColonToken,
+
+        StringToken,
+        FalseToken,
+        TrueToken,
+        NullToken,
+        NumberToken,
+
+        kTokenCount
+    };
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Token Tokenize(Ch c) {
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#define N NumberToken
+#define N16 N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N
+        // Maps from ASCII to Token
+        static const unsigned char tokenMap[256] = {
+            N16, // 00~0F
+            N16, // 10~1F
+            N, N, StringToken, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, CommaToken, N, N, N, // 20~2F
+            N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, ColonToken, N, N, N, N, N, // 30~3F
+            N16, // 40~4F
+            N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, LeftBracketToken, N, RightBracketToken, N, N, // 50~5F
+            N, N, N, N, N, N, FalseToken, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, NullToken, N, // 60~6F
+            N, N, N, N, TrueToken, N, N, N, N, N, N, LeftCurlyBracketToken, N, RightCurlyBracketToken, N, N, // 70~7F
+            N16, N16, N16, N16, N16, N16, N16, N16 // 80~FF
+        };
+#undef N
+#undef N16
+//!@endcond
+
+        if (sizeof(Ch) == 1 || static_cast<unsigned>(c) < 256)
+            return static_cast<Token>(tokenMap[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]);
+        else
+            return NumberToken;
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE IterativeParsingState Predict(IterativeParsingState state, Token token) {
+        // current state x one lookahead token -> new state
+        static const char G[cIterativeParsingStateCount][kTokenCount] = {
+            // Start
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,  // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState, // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Colon
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // String
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // False
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // True
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // Null
+                IterativeParsingValueState          // Number
+            },
+            // Finish(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // Error(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // ObjectInitial
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,  // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Colon
+                IterativeParsingMemberKeyState,     // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState          // Number
+            },
+            // MemberKey
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState, // Colon
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState              // Number
+            },
+            // KeyValueDelimiter
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,      // Left bracket(push MemberValue state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,     // Left curly bracket(push MemberValue state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // String
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // False
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // True
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // Null
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState        // Number
+            },
+            // MemberValue
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,      // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState,   // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState              // Number
+            },
+            // MemberDelimiter
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,  // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Colon
+                IterativeParsingMemberKeyState,     // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState          // Number
+            },
+            // ObjectFinish(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // ArrayInitial
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,      // Left bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,       // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,     // Left curly bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // String
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // False
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // True
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // Null
+                IterativeParsingElementState            // Number
+            },
+            // Element
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,       // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState,  // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState              // Number
+            },
+            // ElementDelimiter
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,      // Left bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,       // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,     // Left curly bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // String
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // False
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // True
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // Null
+                IterativeParsingElementState            // Number
+            },
+            // ArrayFinish(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // Single Value (sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            }
+        }; // End of G
+
+        return static_cast<IterativeParsingState>(G[state][token]);
+    }
+
+    // Make an advance in the token stream and state based on the candidate destination state which was returned by Transit().
+    // May return a new state on state pop.
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE IterativeParsingState Transit(IterativeParsingState src, Token token, IterativeParsingState dst, InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        (void)token;
+
+        switch (dst) {
+        case IterativeParsingErrorState:
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingObjectInitialState:
+        case IterativeParsingArrayInitialState:
+        {
+            // Push the state(Element or MemeberValue) if we are nested in another array or value of member.
+            // In this way we can get the correct state on ObjectFinish or ArrayFinish by frame pop.
+            IterativeParsingState n = src;
+            if (src == IterativeParsingArrayInitialState || src == IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState)
+                n = IterativeParsingElementState;
+            else if (src == IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState)
+                n = IterativeParsingMemberValueState;
+            // Push current state.
+            *stack_.template Push<SizeType>(1) = n;
+            // Initialize and push the member/element count.
+            *stack_.template Push<SizeType>(1) = 0;
+            // Call handler
+            bool hr = (dst == IterativeParsingObjectInitialState) ? handler.StartObject() : handler.StartArray();
+            // On handler short circuits the parsing.
+            if (!hr) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            else {
+                is.Take();
+                return dst;
+            }
+        }
+
+        case IterativeParsingMemberKeyState:
+            ParseString<parseFlags>(is, handler, true);
+            if (HasParseError())
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            else
+                return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState:
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(token == ColonToken);
+            is.Take();
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingMemberValueState:
+            // Must be non-compound value. Or it would be ObjectInitial or ArrayInitial state.
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            if (HasParseError()) {
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingElementState:
+            // Must be non-compound value. Or it would be ObjectInitial or ArrayInitial state.
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            if (HasParseError()) {
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState:
+        case IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState:
+            is.Take();
+            // Update member/element count.
+            *stack_.template Top<SizeType>() = *stack_.template Top<SizeType>() + 1;
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingObjectFinishState:
+        {
+            // Transit from delimiter is only allowed when trailing commas are enabled
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) && src == IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorObjectMissName, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            // Get member count.
+            SizeType c = *stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1);
+            // If the object is not empty, count the last member.
+            if (src == IterativeParsingMemberValueState)
+                ++c;
+            // Restore the state.
+            IterativeParsingState n = static_cast<IterativeParsingState>(*stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1));
+            // Transit to Finish state if this is the topmost scope.
+            if (n == IterativeParsingStartState)
+                n = IterativeParsingFinishState;
+            // Call handler
+            bool hr = handler.EndObject(c);
+            // On handler short circuits the parsing.
+            if (!hr) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            else {
+                is.Take();
+                return n;
+            }
+        }
+
+        case IterativeParsingArrayFinishState:
+        {
+            // Transit from delimiter is only allowed when trailing commas are enabled
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) && src == IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            // Get element count.
+            SizeType c = *stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1);
+            // If the array is not empty, count the last element.
+            if (src == IterativeParsingElementState)
+                ++c;
+            // Restore the state.
+            IterativeParsingState n = static_cast<IterativeParsingState>(*stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1));
+            // Transit to Finish state if this is the topmost scope.
+            if (n == IterativeParsingStartState)
+                n = IterativeParsingFinishState;
+            // Call handler
+            bool hr = handler.EndArray(c);
+            // On handler short circuits the parsing.
+            if (!hr) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            else {
+                is.Take();
+                return n;
+            }
+        }
+
+        default:
+            // This branch is for IterativeParsingValueState actually.
+            // Use `default:` rather than
+            // `case IterativeParsingValueState:` is for code coverage.
+
+            // The IterativeParsingStartState is not enumerated in this switch-case.
+            // It is impossible for that case. And it can be caught by following assertion.
+
+            // The IterativeParsingFinishState is not enumerated in this switch-case either.
+            // It is a "derivative" state which cannot triggered from Predict() directly.
+            // Therefore it cannot happen here. And it can be caught by following assertion.
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(dst == IterativeParsingValueState);
+
+            // Must be non-compound value. Or it would be ObjectInitial or ArrayInitial state.
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            if (HasParseError()) {
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            return IterativeParsingFinishState;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    void HandleError(IterativeParsingState src, InputStream& is) {
+        if (HasParseError()) {
+            // Error flag has been set.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        switch (src) {
+        case IterativeParsingStartState:            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentEmpty, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingFinishState:           RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingObjectInitialState:
+        case IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState:  RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissName, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingMemberKeyState:        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissColon, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingMemberValueState:      RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState:
+        case IterativeParsingArrayInitialState:
+        case IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState: RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell()); return;
+        default: RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(src == IterativeParsingElementState); RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket, is.Tell()); return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    ParseResult IterativeParse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        parseResult_.Clear();
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+        IterativeParsingState state = IterativeParsingStartState;
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+        while (is.Peek() != '\0') {
+            Token t = Tokenize(is.Peek());
+            IterativeParsingState n = Predict(state, t);
+            IterativeParsingState d = Transit<parseFlags>(state, t, n, is, handler);
+
+            if (d == IterativeParsingErrorState) {
+                HandleError(state, is);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            state = d;
+
+            // Do not further consume streams if a root JSON has been parsed.
+            if ((parseFlags & kParseStopWhenDoneFlag) && state == IterativeParsingFinishState)
+                break;
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+        }
+
+        // Handle the end of file.
+        if (state != IterativeParsingFinishState)
+            HandleError(state, is);
+
+        return parseResult_;
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultStackCapacity = 256;    //!< Default stack capacity in bytes for storing a single decoded string.
+    internal::Stack<StackAllocator> stack_;  //!< A stack for storing decoded string temporarily during non-destructive parsing.
+    ParseResult parseResult_;
+}; // class GenericReader
+
+//! Reader with UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+typedef GenericReader<UTF8<>, UTF8<> > Reader;
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_READER_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/schema.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/schema.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b182aa27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/schema.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2006 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available->
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip-> All rights reserved->
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License-> You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource->org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied-> See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License->
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_
+
+#include "document.h"
+#include "pointer.h"
+#include <cmath> // abs, floor
+
+#if !defined(RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX)
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX 0
+#endif
+
+#if !RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX && !defined(RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX) && (__cplusplus >=201103L || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1800))
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX 0
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
+#include "internal/regex.h"
+#elif RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+#include <regex>
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX || RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE 0
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+#include "stringbuffer.h"
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(weak-vtables)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(exit-time-destructors)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat-pedantic)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(variadic-macros)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512) // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Verbose Utilities
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+
+namespace internal {
+
+inline void PrintInvalidKeyword(const char* keyword) {
+    printf("Fail keyword: %s\n", keyword);
+}
+
+inline void PrintInvalidKeyword(const wchar_t* keyword) {
+    wprintf(L"Fail keyword: %ls\n", keyword);
+}
+
+inline void PrintInvalidDocument(const char* document) {
+    printf("Fail document: %s\n\n", document);
+}
+
+inline void PrintInvalidDocument(const wchar_t* document) {
+    wprintf(L"Fail document: %ls\n\n", document);
+}
+
+inline void PrintValidatorPointers(unsigned depth, const char* s, const char* d) {
+    printf("S: %*s%s\nD: %*s%s\n\n", depth * 4, " ", s, depth * 4, " ", d);
+}
+
+inline void PrintValidatorPointers(unsigned depth, const wchar_t* s, const wchar_t* d) {
+    wprintf(L"S: %*ls%ls\nD: %*ls%ls\n\n", depth * 4, L" ", s, depth * 4, L" ", d);
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+#define RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_VERBOSE(keyword) internal::PrintInvalidKeyword(keyword)
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_VERBOSE(keyword)
+#endif
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(keyword)\
+RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN\
+    context.invalidKeyword = keyword.GetString();\
+    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_VERBOSE(keyword.GetString());\
+    return false;\
+RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Forward declarations
+
+template <typename ValueType, typename Allocator>
+class GenericSchemaDocument;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class Schema;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ISchemaValidator
+
+class ISchemaValidator {
+public:
+    virtual ~ISchemaValidator() {}
+    virtual bool IsValid() const = 0;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ISchemaStateFactory
+
+template <typename SchemaType>
+class ISchemaStateFactory {
+public:
+    virtual ~ISchemaStateFactory() {}
+    virtual ISchemaValidator* CreateSchemaValidator(const SchemaType&) = 0;
+    virtual void DestroySchemaValidator(ISchemaValidator* validator) = 0;
+    virtual void* CreateHasher() = 0;
+    virtual uint64_t GetHashCode(void* hasher) = 0;
+    virtual void DestroryHasher(void* hasher) = 0;
+    virtual void* MallocState(size_t size) = 0;
+    virtual void FreeState(void* p) = 0;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Hasher
+
+// For comparison of compound value
+template<typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class Hasher {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    Hasher(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultSize) : stack_(allocator, stackCapacity) {}
+
+    bool Null() { return WriteType(kNullType); }
+    bool Bool(bool b) { return WriteType(b ? kTrueType : kFalseType); }
+    bool Int(int i) { Number n; n.u.i = i; n.d = static_cast<double>(i); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u) { Number n; n.u.u = u; n.d = static_cast<double>(u); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i) { Number n; n.u.i = i; n.d = static_cast<double>(i); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u) { Number n; n.u.u = u; n.d = static_cast<double>(u); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Double(double d) { 
+        Number n; 
+        if (d < 0) n.u.i = static_cast<int64_t>(d);
+        else       n.u.u = static_cast<uint64_t>(d); 
+        n.d = d;
+        return WriteNumber(n);
+    }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) {
+        WriteBuffer(kNumberType, str, len * sizeof(Ch));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) {
+        WriteBuffer(kStringType, str, len * sizeof(Ch));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartObject() { return true; }
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) { return String(str, len, copy); }
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) { 
+        uint64_t h = Hash(0, kObjectType);
+        uint64_t* kv = stack_.template Pop<uint64_t>(memberCount * 2);
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < memberCount; i++)
+            h ^= Hash(kv[i * 2], kv[i * 2 + 1]);  // Use xor to achieve member order insensitive
+        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    bool StartArray() { return true; }
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) { 
+        uint64_t h = Hash(0, kArrayType);
+        uint64_t* e = stack_.template Pop<uint64_t>(elementCount);
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < elementCount; i++)
+            h = Hash(h, e[i]); // Use hash to achieve element order sensitive
+        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool IsValid() const { return stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(uint64_t); }
+
+    uint64_t GetHashCode() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        return *stack_.template Top<uint64_t>();
+    }
+
+private:
+    static const size_t kDefaultSize = 256;
+    struct Number {
+        union U {
+            uint64_t u;
+            int64_t i;
+        }u;
+        double d;
+    };
+
+    bool WriteType(Type type) { return WriteBuffer(type, 0, 0); }
+    
+    bool WriteNumber(const Number& n) { return WriteBuffer(kNumberType, &n, sizeof(n)); }
+    
+    bool WriteBuffer(Type type, const void* data, size_t len) {
+        // FNV-1a from http://isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/
+        uint64_t h = Hash(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x84222325, 0xcbf29ce4), type);
+        const unsigned char* d = static_cast<const unsigned char*>(data);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            h = Hash(h, d[i]);
+        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static uint64_t Hash(uint64_t h, uint64_t d) {
+        static const uint64_t kPrime = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x00000100, 0x000001b3);
+        h ^= d;
+        h *= kPrime;
+        return h;
+    }
+
+    Stack<Allocator> stack_;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SchemaValidationContext
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+struct SchemaValidationContext {
+    typedef Schema<SchemaDocumentType> SchemaType;
+    typedef ISchemaStateFactory<SchemaType> SchemaValidatorFactoryType;
+    typedef typename SchemaType::ValueType ValueType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
+
+    enum PatternValidatorType {
+        kPatternValidatorOnly,
+        kPatternValidatorWithProperty,
+        kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty
+    };
+
+    SchemaValidationContext(SchemaValidatorFactoryType& f, const SchemaType* s) :
+        factory(f),
+        schema(s),
+        valueSchema(),
+        invalidKeyword(),
+        hasher(),
+        arrayElementHashCodes(),
+        validators(),
+        validatorCount(),
+        patternPropertiesValidators(),
+        patternPropertiesValidatorCount(),
+        patternPropertiesSchemas(),
+        patternPropertiesSchemaCount(),
+        valuePatternValidatorType(kPatternValidatorOnly),
+        propertyExist(),
+        inArray(false),
+        valueUniqueness(false),
+        arrayUniqueness(false)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ~SchemaValidationContext() {
+        if (hasher)
+            factory.DestroryHasher(hasher);
+        if (validators) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < validatorCount; i++)
+                factory.DestroySchemaValidator(validators[i]);
+            factory.FreeState(validators);
+        }
+        if (patternPropertiesValidators) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertiesValidatorCount; i++)
+                factory.DestroySchemaValidator(patternPropertiesValidators[i]);
+            factory.FreeState(patternPropertiesValidators);
+        }
+        if (patternPropertiesSchemas)
+            factory.FreeState(patternPropertiesSchemas);
+        if (propertyExist)
+            factory.FreeState(propertyExist);
+    }
+
+    SchemaValidatorFactoryType& factory;
+    const SchemaType* schema;
+    const SchemaType* valueSchema;
+    const Ch* invalidKeyword;
+    void* hasher; // Only validator access
+    void* arrayElementHashCodes; // Only validator access this
+    ISchemaValidator** validators;
+    SizeType validatorCount;
+    ISchemaValidator** patternPropertiesValidators;
+    SizeType patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
+    const SchemaType** patternPropertiesSchemas;
+    SizeType patternPropertiesSchemaCount;
+    PatternValidatorType valuePatternValidatorType;
+    PatternValidatorType objectPatternValidatorType;
+    SizeType arrayElementIndex;
+    bool* propertyExist;
+    bool inArray;
+    bool valueUniqueness;
+    bool arrayUniqueness;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Schema
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class Schema {
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::ValueType ValueType;
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
+    typedef SchemaValidationContext<SchemaDocumentType> Context;
+    typedef Schema<SchemaDocumentType> SchemaType;
+    typedef GenericValue<EncodingType, AllocatorType> SValue;
+    friend class GenericSchemaDocument<ValueType, AllocatorType>;
+
+    Schema(SchemaDocumentType* schemaDocument, const PointerType& p, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& document, AllocatorType* allocator) :
+        allocator_(allocator),
+        enum_(),
+        enumCount_(),
+        not_(),
+        type_((1 << kTotalSchemaType) - 1), // typeless
+        validatorCount_(),
+        properties_(),
+        additionalPropertiesSchema_(),
+        patternProperties_(),
+        patternPropertyCount_(),
+        propertyCount_(),
+        minProperties_(),
+        maxProperties_(SizeType(~0)),
+        additionalProperties_(true),
+        hasDependencies_(),
+        hasRequired_(),
+        hasSchemaDependencies_(),
+        additionalItemsSchema_(),
+        itemsList_(),
+        itemsTuple_(),
+        itemsTupleCount_(),
+        minItems_(),
+        maxItems_(SizeType(~0)),
+        additionalItems_(true),
+        uniqueItems_(false),
+        pattern_(),
+        minLength_(0),
+        maxLength_(~SizeType(0)),
+        exclusiveMinimum_(false),
+        exclusiveMaximum_(false)
+    {
+        typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::ValueType ValueType;
+        typedef typename ValueType::ConstValueIterator ConstValueIterator;
+        typedef typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator ConstMemberIterator;
+
+        if (!value.IsObject())
+            return;
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetTypeString())) {
+            type_ = 0;
+            if (v->IsString())
+                AddType(*v);
+            else if (v->IsArray())
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr)
+                    AddType(*itr);
+        }
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetEnumString()))
+            if (v->IsArray() && v->Size() > 0) {
+                enum_ = static_cast<uint64_t*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(uint64_t) * v->Size()));
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr) {
+                    typedef Hasher<EncodingType, MemoryPoolAllocator<> > EnumHasherType;
+                    char buffer[256 + 24];
+                    MemoryPoolAllocator<> hasherAllocator(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+                    EnumHasherType h(&hasherAllocator, 256);
+                    itr->Accept(h);
+                    enum_[enumCount_++] = h.GetHashCode();
+                }
+            }
+
+        if (schemaDocument) {
+            AssignIfExist(allOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetAllOfString(), document);
+            AssignIfExist(anyOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetAnyOfString(), document);
+            AssignIfExist(oneOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetOneOfString(), document);
+        }
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetNotString())) {
+            schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&not_, p.Append(GetNotString(), allocator_), *v, document);
+            notValidatorIndex_ = validatorCount_;
+            validatorCount_++;
+        }
+
+        // Object
+
+        const ValueType* properties = GetMember(value, GetPropertiesString());
+        const ValueType* required = GetMember(value, GetRequiredString());
+        const ValueType* dependencies = GetMember(value, GetDependenciesString());
+        {
+            // Gather properties from properties/required/dependencies
+            SValue allProperties(kArrayType);
+
+            if (properties && properties->IsObject())
+                for (ConstMemberIterator itr = properties->MemberBegin(); itr != properties->MemberEnd(); ++itr)
+                    AddUniqueElement(allProperties, itr->name);
+            
+            if (required && required->IsArray())
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = required->Begin(); itr != required->End(); ++itr)
+                    if (itr->IsString())
+                        AddUniqueElement(allProperties, *itr);
+
+            if (dependencies && dependencies->IsObject())
+                for (ConstMemberIterator itr = dependencies->MemberBegin(); itr != dependencies->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                    AddUniqueElement(allProperties, itr->name);
+                    if (itr->value.IsArray())
+                        for (ConstValueIterator i = itr->value.Begin(); i != itr->value.End(); ++i)
+                            if (i->IsString())
+                                AddUniqueElement(allProperties, *i);
+                }
+
+            if (allProperties.Size() > 0) {
+                propertyCount_ = allProperties.Size();
+                properties_ = static_cast<Property*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(Property) * propertyCount_));
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++) {
+                    new (&properties_[i]) Property();
+                    properties_[i].name = allProperties[i];
+                    properties_[i].schema = GetTypeless();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (properties && properties->IsObject()) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetPropertiesString(), allocator_);
+            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = properties->MemberBegin(); itr != properties->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                SizeType index;
+                if (FindPropertyIndex(itr->name, &index))
+                    schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&properties_[index].schema, q.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetPatternPropertiesString())) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetPatternPropertiesString(), allocator_);
+            patternProperties_ = static_cast<PatternProperty*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(PatternProperty) * v->MemberCount()));
+            patternPropertyCount_ = 0;
+
+            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = v->MemberBegin(); itr != v->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                new (&patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_]) PatternProperty();
+                patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_].pattern = CreatePattern(itr->name);
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_].schema, q.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
+                patternPropertyCount_++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (required && required->IsArray())
+            for (ConstValueIterator itr = required->Begin(); itr != required->End(); ++itr)
+                if (itr->IsString()) {
+                    SizeType index;
+                    if (FindPropertyIndex(*itr, &index)) {
+                        properties_[index].required = true;
+                        hasRequired_ = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+        if (dependencies && dependencies->IsObject()) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetDependenciesString(), allocator_);
+            hasDependencies_ = true;
+            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = dependencies->MemberBegin(); itr != dependencies->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                SizeType sourceIndex;
+                if (FindPropertyIndex(itr->name, &sourceIndex)) {
+                    if (itr->value.IsArray()) {
+                        properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies = static_cast<bool*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_));
+                        std::memset(properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies, 0, sizeof(bool)* propertyCount_);
+                        for (ConstValueIterator targetItr = itr->value.Begin(); targetItr != itr->value.End(); ++targetItr) {
+                            SizeType targetIndex;
+                            if (FindPropertyIndex(*targetItr, &targetIndex))
+                                properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies[targetIndex] = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (itr->value.IsObject()) {
+                        hasSchemaDependencies_ = true;
+                        schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesSchema, q.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
+                        properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesValidatorIndex = validatorCount_;
+                        validatorCount_++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetAdditionalPropertiesString())) {
+            if (v->IsBool())
+                additionalProperties_ = v->GetBool();
+            else if (v->IsObject())
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&additionalPropertiesSchema_, p.Append(GetAdditionalPropertiesString(), allocator_), *v, document);
+        }
+
+        AssignIfExist(minProperties_, value, GetMinPropertiesString());
+        AssignIfExist(maxProperties_, value, GetMaxPropertiesString());
+
+        // Array
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetItemsString())) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetItemsString(), allocator_);
+            if (v->IsObject()) // List validation
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&itemsList_, q, *v, document);
+            else if (v->IsArray()) { // Tuple validation
+                itemsTuple_ = static_cast<const Schema**>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(const Schema*) * v->Size()));
+                SizeType index = 0;
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr, index++)
+                    schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&itemsTuple_[itemsTupleCount_++], q.Append(index, allocator_), *itr, document);
+            }
+        }
+
+        AssignIfExist(minItems_, value, GetMinItemsString());
+        AssignIfExist(maxItems_, value, GetMaxItemsString());
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetAdditionalItemsString())) {
+            if (v->IsBool())
+                additionalItems_ = v->GetBool();
+            else if (v->IsObject())
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&additionalItemsSchema_, p.Append(GetAdditionalItemsString(), allocator_), *v, document);
+        }
+
+        AssignIfExist(uniqueItems_, value, GetUniqueItemsString());
+
+        // String
+        AssignIfExist(minLength_, value, GetMinLengthString());
+        AssignIfExist(maxLength_, value, GetMaxLengthString());
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetPatternString()))
+            pattern_ = CreatePattern(*v);
+
+        // Number
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMinimumString()))
+            if (v->IsNumber())
+                minimum_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMaximumString()))
+            if (v->IsNumber())
+                maximum_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
+
+        AssignIfExist(exclusiveMinimum_, value, GetExclusiveMinimumString());
+        AssignIfExist(exclusiveMaximum_, value, GetExclusiveMaximumString());
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMultipleOfString()))
+            if (v->IsNumber() && v->GetDouble() > 0.0)
+                multipleOf_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
+    }
+
+    ~Schema() {
+        if (allocator_) {
+            allocator_->Free(enum_);
+        }
+        if (properties_) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++)
+                properties_[i].~Property();
+            AllocatorType::Free(properties_);
+        }
+        if (patternProperties_) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertyCount_; i++)
+                patternProperties_[i].~PatternProperty();
+            AllocatorType::Free(patternProperties_);
+        }
+        AllocatorType::Free(itemsTuple_);
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX
+        if (pattern_) {
+            pattern_->~RegexType();
+            allocator_->Free(pattern_);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    bool BeginValue(Context& context) const {
+        if (context.inArray) {
+            if (uniqueItems_)
+                context.valueUniqueness = true;
+
+            if (itemsList_)
+                context.valueSchema = itemsList_;
+            else if (itemsTuple_) {
+                if (context.arrayElementIndex < itemsTupleCount_)
+                    context.valueSchema = itemsTuple_[context.arrayElementIndex];
+                else if (additionalItemsSchema_)
+                    context.valueSchema = additionalItemsSchema_;
+                else if (additionalItems_)
+                    context.valueSchema = GetTypeless();
+                else
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetItemsString());
+            }
+            else
+                context.valueSchema = GetTypeless();
+
+            context.arrayElementIndex++;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool EndValue(Context& context) const {
+        if (context.patternPropertiesValidatorCount > 0) {
+            bool otherValid = false;
+            SizeType count = context.patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
+            if (context.objectPatternValidatorType != Context::kPatternValidatorOnly)
+                otherValid = context.patternPropertiesValidators[--count]->IsValid();
+
+            bool patternValid = true;
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                if (!context.patternPropertiesValidators[i]->IsValid()) {
+                    patternValid = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+            if (context.objectPatternValidatorType == Context::kPatternValidatorOnly) {
+                if (!patternValid)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternPropertiesString());
+            }
+            else if (context.objectPatternValidatorType == Context::kPatternValidatorWithProperty) {
+                if (!patternValid || !otherValid)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternPropertiesString());
+            }
+            else if (!patternValid && !otherValid) // kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty)
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternPropertiesString());
+        }
+
+        if (enum_) {
+            const uint64_t h = context.factory.GetHashCode(context.hasher);
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < enumCount_; i++)
+                if (enum_[i] == h)
+                    goto foundEnum;
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetEnumString());
+            foundEnum:;
+        }
+
+        if (allOf_.schemas)
+            for (SizeType i = allOf_.begin; i < allOf_.begin + allOf_.count; i++)
+                if (!context.validators[i]->IsValid())
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetAllOfString());
+        
+        if (anyOf_.schemas) {
+            for (SizeType i = anyOf_.begin; i < anyOf_.begin + anyOf_.count; i++)
+                if (context.validators[i]->IsValid())
+                    goto foundAny;
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetAnyOfString());
+            foundAny:;
+        }
+
+        if (oneOf_.schemas) {
+            bool oneValid = false;
+            for (SizeType i = oneOf_.begin; i < oneOf_.begin + oneOf_.count; i++)
+                if (context.validators[i]->IsValid()) {
+                    if (oneValid)
+                        RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetOneOfString());
+                    else
+                        oneValid = true;
+                }
+            if (!oneValid)
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetOneOfString());
+        }
+
+        if (not_ && context.validators[notValidatorIndex_]->IsValid())
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetNotString());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool Null(Context& context) const { 
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kNullSchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+    
+    bool Bool(Context& context, bool) const { 
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kBooleanSchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Int(Context& context, int i) const {
+        if (!CheckInt(context, i))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Uint(Context& context, unsigned u) const {
+        if (!CheckUint(context, u))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Int64(Context& context, int64_t i) const {
+        if (!CheckInt(context, i))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Uint64(Context& context, uint64_t u) const {
+        if (!CheckUint(context, u))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Double(Context& context, double d) const {
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kNumberSchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        if (!minimum_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMinimum(context, d))
+            return false;
+
+        if (!maximum_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMaximum(context, d))
+            return false;
+        
+        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, d))
+            return false;
+        
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+    
+    bool String(Context& context, const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool) const {
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kStringSchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        if (minLength_ != 0 || maxLength_ != SizeType(~0)) {
+            SizeType count;
+            if (internal::CountStringCodePoint<EncodingType>(str, length, &count)) {
+                if (count < minLength_)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinLengthString());
+                if (count > maxLength_)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaxLengthString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (pattern_ && !IsPatternMatch(pattern_, str, length))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternString());
+
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool StartObject(Context& context) const { 
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kObjectSchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        if (hasDependencies_ || hasRequired_) {
+            context.propertyExist = static_cast<bool*>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_));
+            std::memset(context.propertyExist, 0, sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_);
+        }
+
+        if (patternProperties_) { // pre-allocate schema array
+            SizeType count = patternPropertyCount_ + 1; // extra for valuePatternValidatorType
+            context.patternPropertiesSchemas = static_cast<const SchemaType**>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(const SchemaType*) * count));
+            context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount = 0;
+            std::memset(context.patternPropertiesSchemas, 0, sizeof(SchemaType*) * count);
+        }
+
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+    
+    bool Key(Context& context, const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) const {
+        if (patternProperties_) {
+            context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount = 0;
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertyCount_; i++)
+                if (patternProperties_[i].pattern && IsPatternMatch(patternProperties_[i].pattern, str, len))
+                    context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = patternProperties_[i].schema;
+        }
+
+        SizeType index;
+        if (FindPropertyIndex(ValueType(str, len).Move(), &index)) {
+            if (context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount > 0) {
+                context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = properties_[index].schema;
+                context.valueSchema = GetTypeless();
+                context.valuePatternValidatorType = Context::kPatternValidatorWithProperty;
+            }
+            else
+                context.valueSchema = properties_[index].schema;
+
+            if (context.propertyExist)
+                context.propertyExist[index] = true;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (additionalPropertiesSchema_) {
+            if (additionalPropertiesSchema_ && context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount > 0) {
+                context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = additionalPropertiesSchema_;
+                context.valueSchema = GetTypeless();
+                context.valuePatternValidatorType = Context::kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty;
+            }
+            else
+                context.valueSchema = additionalPropertiesSchema_;
+            return true;
+        }
+        else if (additionalProperties_) {
+            context.valueSchema = GetTypeless();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount == 0) // patternProperties are not additional properties
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetAdditionalPropertiesString());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool EndObject(Context& context, SizeType memberCount) const {
+        if (hasRequired_)
+            for (SizeType index = 0; index < propertyCount_; index++)
+                if (properties_[index].required)
+                    if (!context.propertyExist[index])
+                        RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetRequiredString());
+
+        if (memberCount < minProperties_)
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinPropertiesString());
+
+        if (memberCount > maxProperties_)
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaxPropertiesString());
+
+        if (hasDependencies_) {
+            for (SizeType sourceIndex = 0; sourceIndex < propertyCount_; sourceIndex++)
+                if (context.propertyExist[sourceIndex]) {
+                    if (properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies) {
+                        for (SizeType targetIndex = 0; targetIndex < propertyCount_; targetIndex++)
+                            if (properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies[targetIndex] && !context.propertyExist[targetIndex])
+                                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetDependenciesString());
+                    }
+                    else if (properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesSchema)
+                        if (!context.validators[properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesValidatorIndex]->IsValid())
+                            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetDependenciesString());
+                }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray(Context& context) const { 
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kArraySchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        context.arrayElementIndex = 0;
+        context.inArray = true;
+
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool EndArray(Context& context, SizeType elementCount) const { 
+        context.inArray = false;
+        
+        if (elementCount < minItems_)
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinItemsString());
+        
+        if (elementCount > maxItems_)
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaxItemsString());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Generate functions for string literal according to Ch
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRING_(name, ...) \
+    static const ValueType& Get##name##String() {\
+        static const Ch s[] = { __VA_ARGS__, '\0' };\
+        static const ValueType v(s, sizeof(s) / sizeof(Ch) - 1);\
+        return v;\
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Null, 'n', 'u', 'l', 'l')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Boolean, 'b', 'o', 'o', 'l', 'e', 'a', 'n')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Object, 'o', 'b', 'j', 'e', 'c', 't')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Array, 'a', 'r', 'r', 'a', 'y')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(String, 's', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Number, 'n', 'u', 'm', 'b', 'e', 'r')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Integer, 'i', 'n', 't', 'e', 'g', 'e', 'r')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Type, 't', 'y', 'p', 'e')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Enum, 'e', 'n', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AllOf, 'a', 'l', 'l', 'O', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AnyOf, 'a', 'n', 'y', 'O', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(OneOf, 'o', 'n', 'e', 'O', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Not, 'n', 'o', 't')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Properties, 'p', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Required, 'r', 'e', 'q', 'u', 'i', 'r', 'e', 'd')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Dependencies, 'd', 'e', 'p', 'e', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'n', 'c', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(PatternProperties, 'p', 'a', 't', 't', 'e', 'r', 'n', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AdditionalProperties, 'a', 'd', 'd', 'i', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n', 'a', 'l', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinProperties, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxProperties, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Items, 'i', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinItems, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxItems, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AdditionalItems, 'a', 'd', 'd', 'i', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n', 'a', 'l', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(UniqueItems, 'u', 'n', 'i', 'q', 'u', 'e', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinLength, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'L', 'e', 'n', 'g', 't', 'h')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxLength, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'L', 'e', 'n', 'g', 't', 'h')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Pattern, 'p', 'a', 't', 't', 'e', 'r', 'n')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Minimum, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Maximum, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ExclusiveMinimum, 'e', 'x', 'c', 'l', 'u', 's', 'i', 'v', 'e', 'M', 'i', 'n', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ExclusiveMaximum, 'e', 'x', 'c', 'l', 'u', 's', 'i', 'v', 'e', 'M', 'a', 'x', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MultipleOf, 'm', 'u', 'l', 't', 'i', 'p', 'l', 'e', 'O', 'f')
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_STRING_
+
+private:
+    enum SchemaValueType {
+        kNullSchemaType,
+        kBooleanSchemaType,
+        kObjectSchemaType,
+        kArraySchemaType,
+        kStringSchemaType,
+        kNumberSchemaType,
+        kIntegerSchemaType,
+        kTotalSchemaType
+    };
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
+        typedef internal::GenericRegex<EncodingType> RegexType;
+#elif RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+        typedef std::basic_regex<Ch> RegexType;
+#else
+        typedef char RegexType;
+#endif
+
+    struct SchemaArray {
+        SchemaArray() : schemas(), count() {}
+        ~SchemaArray() { AllocatorType::Free(schemas); }
+        const SchemaType** schemas;
+        SizeType begin; // begin index of context.validators
+        SizeType count;
+    };
+
+    static const SchemaType* GetTypeless() {
+        static SchemaType typeless(0, PointerType(), ValueType(kObjectType).Move(), ValueType(kObjectType).Move(), 0);
+        return &typeless;
+    }
+
+    template <typename V1, typename V2>
+    void AddUniqueElement(V1& a, const V2& v) {
+        for (typename V1::ConstValueIterator itr = a.Begin(); itr != a.End(); ++itr)
+            if (*itr == v)
+                return;
+        V1 c(v, *allocator_);
+        a.PushBack(c, *allocator_);
+    }
+
+    static const ValueType* GetMember(const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
+        typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = value.FindMember(name);
+        return itr != value.MemberEnd() ? &(itr->value) : 0;
+    }
+
+    static void AssignIfExist(bool& out, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name))
+            if (v->IsBool())
+                out = v->GetBool();
+    }
+
+    static void AssignIfExist(SizeType& out, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name))
+            if (v->IsUint64() && v->GetUint64() <= SizeType(~0))
+                out = static_cast<SizeType>(v->GetUint64());
+    }
+
+    void AssignIfExist(SchemaArray& out, SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument, const PointerType& p, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name, const ValueType& document) {
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name)) {
+            if (v->IsArray() && v->Size() > 0) {
+                PointerType q = p.Append(name, allocator_);
+                out.count = v->Size();
+                out.schemas = static_cast<const Schema**>(allocator_->Malloc(out.count * sizeof(const Schema*)));
+                memset(out.schemas, 0, sizeof(Schema*)* out.count);
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < out.count; i++)
+                    schemaDocument.CreateSchema(&out.schemas[i], q.Append(i, allocator_), (*v)[i], document);
+                out.begin = validatorCount_;
+                validatorCount_ += out.count;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType& value) {
+        if (value.IsString()) {
+            RegexType* r = new (allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(RegexType))) RegexType(value.GetString());
+            if (!r->IsValid()) {
+                r->~RegexType();
+                AllocatorType::Free(r);
+                r = 0;
+            }
+            return r;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType* pattern, const Ch *str, SizeType) {
+        return pattern->Search(str);
+    }
+#elif RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType& value) {
+        if (value.IsString())
+            try {
+                return new (allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(RegexType))) RegexType(value.GetString(), std::size_t(value.GetStringLength()), std::regex_constants::ECMAScript);
+            }
+            catch (const std::regex_error&) {
+            }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType* pattern, const Ch *str, SizeType length) {
+        std::match_results<const Ch*> r;
+        return std::regex_search(str, str + length, r, *pattern);
+    }
+#else
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType&) { return 0; }
+
+    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType*, const Ch *, SizeType) { return true; }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+
+    void AddType(const ValueType& type) {
+        if      (type == GetNullString()   ) type_ |= 1 << kNullSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetBooleanString()) type_ |= 1 << kBooleanSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetObjectString() ) type_ |= 1 << kObjectSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetArrayString()  ) type_ |= 1 << kArraySchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetStringString() ) type_ |= 1 << kStringSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetIntegerString()) type_ |= 1 << kIntegerSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetNumberString() ) type_ |= (1 << kNumberSchemaType) | (1 << kIntegerSchemaType);
+    }
+
+    bool CreateParallelValidator(Context& context) const {
+        if (enum_ || context.arrayUniqueness)
+            context.hasher = context.factory.CreateHasher();
+
+        if (validatorCount_) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(context.validators == 0);
+            context.validators = static_cast<ISchemaValidator**>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(ISchemaValidator*) * validatorCount_));
+            context.validatorCount = validatorCount_;
+
+            if (allOf_.schemas)
+                CreateSchemaValidators(context, allOf_);
+
+            if (anyOf_.schemas)
+                CreateSchemaValidators(context, anyOf_);
+            
+            if (oneOf_.schemas)
+                CreateSchemaValidators(context, oneOf_);
+            
+            if (not_)
+                context.validators[notValidatorIndex_] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*not_);
+            
+            if (hasSchemaDependencies_) {
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++)
+                    if (properties_[i].dependenciesSchema)
+                        context.validators[properties_[i].dependenciesValidatorIndex] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*properties_[i].dependenciesSchema);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void CreateSchemaValidators(Context& context, const SchemaArray& schemas) const {
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < schemas.count; i++)
+            context.validators[schemas.begin + i] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*schemas.schemas[i]);
+    }
+
+    // O(n)
+    bool FindPropertyIndex(const ValueType& name, SizeType* outIndex) const {
+        SizeType len = name.GetStringLength();
+        const Ch* str = name.GetString();
+        for (SizeType index = 0; index < propertyCount_; index++)
+            if (properties_[index].name.GetStringLength() == len && 
+                (std::memcmp(properties_[index].name.GetString(), str, sizeof(Ch) * len) == 0))
+            {
+                *outIndex = index;
+                return true;
+            }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckInt(Context& context, int64_t i) const {
+        if (!(type_ & ((1 << kIntegerSchemaType) | (1 << kNumberSchemaType))))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        if (!minimum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (minimum_.IsInt64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? i <= minimum_.GetInt64() : i < minimum_.GetInt64())
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString());
+            }
+            else if (minimum_.IsUint64()) {
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString()); // i <= max(int64_t) < minimum.GetUint64()
+            }
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMinimum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!maximum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (maximum_.IsInt64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? i >= maximum_.GetInt64() : i > maximum_.GetInt64())
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString());
+            }
+            else if (maximum_.IsUint64())
+                /* do nothing */; // i <= max(int64_t) < maximum_.GetUint64()
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMaximum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull()) {
+            if (multipleOf_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (static_cast<uint64_t>(i >= 0 ? i : -i) % multipleOf_.GetUint64() != 0)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMultipleOfString());
+            }
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckUint(Context& context, uint64_t i) const {
+        if (!(type_ & ((1 << kIntegerSchemaType) | (1 << kNumberSchemaType))))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        if (!minimum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (minimum_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? i <= minimum_.GetUint64() : i < minimum_.GetUint64())
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString());
+            }
+            else if (minimum_.IsInt64())
+                /* do nothing */; // i >= 0 > minimum.Getint64()
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMinimum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!maximum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (maximum_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? i >= maximum_.GetUint64() : i > maximum_.GetUint64())
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString());
+            }
+            else if (maximum_.IsInt64())
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString()); // i >= 0 > maximum_
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMaximum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull()) {
+            if (multipleOf_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (i % multipleOf_.GetUint64() != 0)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMultipleOfString());
+            }
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckDoubleMinimum(Context& context, double d) const {
+        if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? d <= minimum_.GetDouble() : d < minimum_.GetDouble())
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckDoubleMaximum(Context& context, double d) const {
+        if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? d >= maximum_.GetDouble() : d > maximum_.GetDouble())
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckDoubleMultipleOf(Context& context, double d) const {
+        double a = std::abs(d), b = std::abs(multipleOf_.GetDouble());
+        double q = std::floor(a / b);
+        double r = a - q * b;
+        if (r > 0.0)
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMultipleOfString());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    struct Property {
+        Property() : schema(), dependenciesSchema(), dependenciesValidatorIndex(), dependencies(), required(false) {}
+        ~Property() { AllocatorType::Free(dependencies); }
+        SValue name;
+        const SchemaType* schema;
+        const SchemaType* dependenciesSchema;
+        SizeType dependenciesValidatorIndex;
+        bool* dependencies;
+        bool required;
+    };
+
+    struct PatternProperty {
+        PatternProperty() : schema(), pattern() {}
+        ~PatternProperty() { 
+            if (pattern) {
+                pattern->~RegexType();
+                AllocatorType::Free(pattern);
+            }
+        }
+        const SchemaType* schema;
+        RegexType* pattern;
+    };
+
+    AllocatorType* allocator_;
+    uint64_t* enum_;
+    SizeType enumCount_;
+    SchemaArray allOf_;
+    SchemaArray anyOf_;
+    SchemaArray oneOf_;
+    const SchemaType* not_;
+    unsigned type_; // bitmask of kSchemaType
+    SizeType validatorCount_;
+    SizeType notValidatorIndex_;
+
+    Property* properties_;
+    const SchemaType* additionalPropertiesSchema_;
+    PatternProperty* patternProperties_;
+    SizeType patternPropertyCount_;
+    SizeType propertyCount_;
+    SizeType minProperties_;
+    SizeType maxProperties_;
+    bool additionalProperties_;
+    bool hasDependencies_;
+    bool hasRequired_;
+    bool hasSchemaDependencies_;
+
+    const SchemaType* additionalItemsSchema_;
+    const SchemaType* itemsList_;
+    const SchemaType** itemsTuple_;
+    SizeType itemsTupleCount_;
+    SizeType minItems_;
+    SizeType maxItems_;
+    bool additionalItems_;
+    bool uniqueItems_;
+
+    RegexType* pattern_;
+    SizeType minLength_;
+    SizeType maxLength_;
+
+    SValue minimum_;
+    SValue maximum_;
+    SValue multipleOf_;
+    bool exclusiveMinimum_;
+    bool exclusiveMaximum_;
+};
+
+template<typename Stack, typename Ch>
+struct TokenHelper {
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void AppendIndexToken(Stack& documentStack, SizeType index) {
+        *documentStack.template Push<Ch>() = '/';
+        char buffer[21];
+        size_t length = static_cast<size_t>((sizeof(SizeType) == 4 ? u32toa(index, buffer) : u64toa(index, buffer)) - buffer);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
+            *documentStack.template Push<Ch>() = buffer[i];
+    }
+};
+
+// Partial specialized version for char to prevent buffer copying.
+template <typename Stack>
+struct TokenHelper<Stack, char> {
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void AppendIndexToken(Stack& documentStack, SizeType index) {
+        if (sizeof(SizeType) == 4) {
+            char *buffer = documentStack.template Push<char>(1 + 10); // '/' + uint
+            *buffer++ = '/';
+            const char* end = internal::u32toa(index, buffer);
+             documentStack.template Pop<char>(static_cast<size_t>(10 - (end - buffer)));
+        }
+        else {
+            char *buffer = documentStack.template Push<char>(1 + 20); // '/' + uint64
+            *buffer++ = '/';
+            const char* end = internal::u64toa(index, buffer);
+            documentStack.template Pop<char>(static_cast<size_t>(20 - (end - buffer)));
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider {
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::Ch Ch;
+
+    virtual ~IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider() {}
+    virtual const SchemaDocumentType* GetRemoteDocument(const Ch* uri, SizeType length) = 0;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericSchemaDocument
+
+//! JSON schema document.
+/*!
+    A JSON schema document is a compiled version of a JSON schema.
+    It is basically a tree of internal::Schema.
+
+    \note This is an immutable class (i.e. its instance cannot be modified after construction).
+    \tparam ValueT Type of JSON value (e.g. \c Value ), which also determine the encoding.
+    \tparam Allocator Allocator type for allocating memory of this document.
+*/
+template <typename ValueT, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericSchemaDocument {
+public:
+    typedef ValueT ValueType;
+    typedef IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider<GenericSchemaDocument> IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType;
+    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
+    typedef internal::Schema<GenericSchemaDocument> SchemaType;
+    typedef GenericPointer<ValueType, Allocator> PointerType;
+    friend class internal::Schema<GenericSchemaDocument>;
+    template <typename, typename, typename>
+    friend class GenericSchemaValidator;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        Compile a JSON document into schema document.
+
+        \param document A JSON document as source.
+        \param remoteProvider An optional remote schema document provider for resolving remote reference. Can be null.
+        \param allocator An optional allocator instance for allocating memory. Can be null.
+    */
+    explicit GenericSchemaDocument(const ValueType& document, IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType* remoteProvider = 0, Allocator* allocator = 0) :
+        remoteProvider_(remoteProvider),
+        allocator_(allocator),
+        ownAllocator_(),
+        root_(),
+        schemaMap_(allocator, kInitialSchemaMapSize),
+        schemaRef_(allocator, kInitialSchemaRefSize)
+    {
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+
+        // Generate root schema, it will call CreateSchema() to create sub-schemas,
+        // And call AddRefSchema() if there are $ref.
+        CreateSchemaRecursive(&root_, PointerType(), document, document);
+
+        // Resolve $ref
+        while (!schemaRef_.Empty()) {
+            SchemaRefEntry* refEntry = schemaRef_.template Pop<SchemaRefEntry>(1);
+            if (const SchemaType* s = GetSchema(refEntry->target)) {
+                if (refEntry->schema)
+                    *refEntry->schema = s;
+
+                // Create entry in map if not exist
+                if (!GetSchema(refEntry->source)) {
+                    new (schemaMap_.template Push<SchemaEntry>()) SchemaEntry(refEntry->source, const_cast<SchemaType*>(s), false, allocator_);
+                }
+            }
+            refEntry->~SchemaRefEntry();
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(root_ != 0);
+
+        schemaRef_.ShrinkToFit(); // Deallocate all memory for ref
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericSchemaDocument(GenericSchemaDocument&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        remoteProvider_(rhs.remoteProvider_),
+        allocator_(rhs.allocator_),
+        ownAllocator_(rhs.ownAllocator_),
+        root_(rhs.root_),
+        schemaMap_(std::move(rhs.schemaMap_)),
+        schemaRef_(std::move(rhs.schemaRef_))
+    {
+        rhs.remoteProvider_ = 0;
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Destructor
+    ~GenericSchemaDocument() {
+        while (!schemaMap_.Empty())
+            schemaMap_.template Pop<SchemaEntry>(1)->~SchemaEntry();
+
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    //! Get the root schema.
+    const SchemaType& GetRoot() const { return *root_; }
+
+private:
+    //! Prohibit copying
+    GenericSchemaDocument(const GenericSchemaDocument&);
+    //! Prohibit assignment
+    GenericSchemaDocument& operator=(const GenericSchemaDocument&);
+
+    struct SchemaRefEntry {
+        SchemaRefEntry(const PointerType& s, const PointerType& t, const SchemaType** outSchema, Allocator *allocator) : source(s, allocator), target(t, allocator), schema(outSchema) {}
+        PointerType source;
+        PointerType target;
+        const SchemaType** schema;
+    };
+
+    struct SchemaEntry {
+        SchemaEntry(const PointerType& p, SchemaType* s, bool o, Allocator* allocator) : pointer(p, allocator), schema(s), owned(o) {}
+        ~SchemaEntry() {
+            if (owned) {
+                schema->~SchemaType();
+                Allocator::Free(schema);
+            }
+        }
+        PointerType pointer;
+        SchemaType* schema;
+        bool owned;
+    };
+
+    void CreateSchemaRecursive(const SchemaType** schema, const PointerType& pointer, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document) {
+        if (schema)
+            *schema = SchemaType::GetTypeless();
+
+        if (v.GetType() == kObjectType) {
+            const SchemaType* s = GetSchema(pointer);
+            if (!s)
+                CreateSchema(schema, pointer, v, document);
+
+            for (typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = v.MemberBegin(); itr != v.MemberEnd(); ++itr)
+                CreateSchemaRecursive(0, pointer.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
+        }
+        else if (v.GetType() == kArrayType)
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < v.Size(); i++)
+                CreateSchemaRecursive(0, pointer.Append(i, allocator_), v[i], document);
+    }
+
+    void CreateSchema(const SchemaType** schema, const PointerType& pointer, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(pointer.IsValid());
+        if (v.IsObject()) {
+            if (!HandleRefSchema(pointer, schema, v, document)) {
+                SchemaType* s = new (allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(SchemaType))) SchemaType(this, pointer, v, document, allocator_);
+                new (schemaMap_.template Push<SchemaEntry>()) SchemaEntry(pointer, s, true, allocator_);
+                if (schema)
+                    *schema = s;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool HandleRefSchema(const PointerType& source, const SchemaType** schema, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document) {
+        static const Ch kRefString[] = { '$', 'r', 'e', 'f', '\0' };
+        static const ValueType kRefValue(kRefString, 4);
+
+        typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = v.FindMember(kRefValue);
+        if (itr == v.MemberEnd())
+            return false;
+
+        if (itr->value.IsString()) {
+            SizeType len = itr->value.GetStringLength();
+            if (len > 0) {
+                const Ch* s = itr->value.GetString();
+                SizeType i = 0;
+                while (i < len && s[i] != '#') // Find the first #
+                    i++;
+
+                if (i > 0) { // Remote reference, resolve immediately
+                    if (remoteProvider_) {
+                        if (const GenericSchemaDocument* remoteDocument = remoteProvider_->GetRemoteDocument(s, i - 1)) {
+                            PointerType pointer(&s[i], len - i, allocator_);
+                            if (pointer.IsValid()) {
+                                if (const SchemaType* sc = remoteDocument->GetSchema(pointer)) {
+                                    if (schema)
+                                        *schema = sc;
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (s[i] == '#') { // Local reference, defer resolution
+                    PointerType pointer(&s[i], len - i, allocator_);
+                    if (pointer.IsValid()) {
+                        if (const ValueType* nv = pointer.Get(document))
+                            if (HandleRefSchema(source, schema, *nv, document))
+                                return true;
+
+                        new (schemaRef_.template Push<SchemaRefEntry>()) SchemaRefEntry(source, pointer, schema, allocator_);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const SchemaType* GetSchema(const PointerType& pointer) const {
+        for (const SchemaEntry* target = schemaMap_.template Bottom<SchemaEntry>(); target != schemaMap_.template End<SchemaEntry>(); ++target)
+            if (pointer == target->pointer)
+                return target->schema;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    PointerType GetPointer(const SchemaType* schema) const {
+        for (const SchemaEntry* target = schemaMap_.template Bottom<SchemaEntry>(); target != schemaMap_.template End<SchemaEntry>(); ++target)
+            if (schema == target->schema)
+                return target->pointer;
+        return PointerType();
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kInitialSchemaMapSize = 64;
+    static const size_t kInitialSchemaRefSize = 64;
+
+    IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType* remoteProvider_;
+    Allocator *allocator_;
+    Allocator *ownAllocator_;
+    const SchemaType* root_;                //!< Root schema.
+    internal::Stack<Allocator> schemaMap_;  // Stores created Pointer -> Schemas
+    internal::Stack<Allocator> schemaRef_;  // Stores Pointer from $ref and schema which holds the $ref
+};
+
+//! GenericSchemaDocument using Value type.
+typedef GenericSchemaDocument<Value> SchemaDocument;
+//! IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider using SchemaDocument.
+typedef IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider<SchemaDocument> IRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericSchemaValidator
+
+//! JSON Schema Validator.
+/*!
+    A SAX style JSON schema validator.
+    It uses a \c GenericSchemaDocument to validate SAX events.
+    It delegates the incoming SAX events to an output handler.
+    The default output handler does nothing.
+    It can be reused multiple times by calling \c Reset().
+
+    \tparam SchemaDocumentType Type of schema document.
+    \tparam OutputHandler Type of output handler. Default handler does nothing.
+    \tparam StateAllocator Allocator for storing the internal validation states.
+*/
+template <
+    typename SchemaDocumentType,
+    typename OutputHandler = BaseReaderHandler<typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType::EncodingType>,
+    typename StateAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericSchemaValidator :
+    public internal::ISchemaStateFactory<typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType>, 
+    public internal::ISchemaValidator
+{
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType SchemaType;
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
+    typedef typename SchemaType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor without output handler.
+    /*!
+        \param schemaDocument The schema document to conform to.
+        \param allocator Optional allocator for storing internal validation states.
+        \param schemaStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of schema path stack.
+        \param documentStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of document path stack.
+    */
+    GenericSchemaValidator(
+        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
+        StateAllocator* allocator = 0, 
+        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
+        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
+        :
+        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
+        root_(schemaDocument.GetRoot()),
+        outputHandler_(GetNullHandler()),
+        stateAllocator_(allocator),
+        ownStateAllocator_(0),
+        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
+        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
+        valid_(true)
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        , depth_(0)
+#endif
+    {
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor with output handler.
+    /*!
+        \param schemaDocument The schema document to conform to.
+        \param allocator Optional allocator for storing internal validation states.
+        \param schemaStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of schema path stack.
+        \param documentStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of document path stack.
+    */
+    GenericSchemaValidator(
+        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
+        OutputHandler& outputHandler,
+        StateAllocator* allocator = 0, 
+        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
+        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
+        :
+        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
+        root_(schemaDocument.GetRoot()),
+        outputHandler_(outputHandler),
+        stateAllocator_(allocator),
+        ownStateAllocator_(0),
+        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
+        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
+        valid_(true)
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        , depth_(0)
+#endif
+    {
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    ~GenericSchemaValidator() {
+        Reset();
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownStateAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    //! Reset the internal states.
+    void Reset() {
+        while (!schemaStack_.Empty())
+            PopSchema();
+        documentStack_.Clear();
+        valid_ = true;
+    }
+
+    //! Checks whether the current state is valid.
+    // Implementation of ISchemaValidator
+    virtual bool IsValid() const { return valid_; }
+
+    //! Gets the JSON pointer pointed to the invalid schema.
+    PointerType GetInvalidSchemaPointer() const {
+        return schemaStack_.Empty() ? PointerType() : schemaDocument_->GetPointer(&CurrentSchema());
+    }
+
+    //! Gets the keyword of invalid schema.
+    const Ch* GetInvalidSchemaKeyword() const {
+        return schemaStack_.Empty() ? 0 : CurrentContext().invalidKeyword;
+    }
+
+    //! Gets the JSON pointer pointed to the invalid value.
+    PointerType GetInvalidDocumentPointer() const {
+        return documentStack_.Empty() ? PointerType() : PointerType(documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>(), documentStack_.GetSize() / sizeof(Ch));
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_() \
+RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN\
+    *documentStack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';\
+    documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);\
+    internal::PrintInvalidDocument(documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>());\
+RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_()
+#endif
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(method, arg1)\
+    if (!valid_) return false; \
+    if (!BeginValue() || !CurrentSchema().method arg1) {\
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_();\
+        return valid_ = false;\
+    }
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(method, arg2)\
+    for (Context* context = schemaStack_.template Bottom<Context>(); context != schemaStack_.template End<Context>(); context++) {\
+        if (context->hasher)\
+            static_cast<HasherType*>(context->hasher)->method arg2;\
+        if (context->validators)\
+            for (SizeType i_ = 0; i_ < context->validatorCount; i_++)\
+                static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(context->validators[i_])->method arg2;\
+        if (context->patternPropertiesValidators)\
+            for (SizeType i_ = 0; i_ < context->patternPropertiesValidatorCount; i_++)\
+                static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(context->patternPropertiesValidators[i_])->method arg2;\
+    }
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(method, arg2)\
+    return valid_ = EndValue() && outputHandler_.method arg2
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(method, arg1, arg2) \
+    RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_   (method, arg1);\
+    RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(method, arg2);\
+    RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_     (method, arg2)
+
+    bool Null()             { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Null,   (CurrentContext()   ), ( )); }
+    bool Bool(bool b)       { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Bool,   (CurrentContext(), b), (b)); }
+    bool Int(int i)         { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Int,    (CurrentContext(), i), (i)); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u)   { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Uint,   (CurrentContext(), u), (u)); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i)   { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Int64,  (CurrentContext(), i), (i)); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u) { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Uint64, (CurrentContext(), u), (u)); }
+    bool Double(double d)   { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Double, (CurrentContext(), d), (d)); }
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy)
+                                    { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(String, (CurrentContext(), str, length, copy), (str, length, copy)); }
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy)
+                                    { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(String, (CurrentContext(), str, length, copy), (str, length, copy)); }
+
+    bool StartObject() {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(StartObject, (CurrentContext()));
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(StartObject, ());
+        return valid_ = outputHandler_.StartObject();
+    }
+    
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) {
+        if (!valid_) return false;
+        AppendToken(str, len);
+        if (!CurrentSchema().Key(CurrentContext(), str, len, copy)) return valid_ = false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(Key, (str, len, copy));
+        return valid_ = outputHandler_.Key(str, len, copy);
+    }
+    
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) { 
+        if (!valid_) return false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(EndObject, (memberCount));
+        if (!CurrentSchema().EndObject(CurrentContext(), memberCount)) return valid_ = false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(EndObject, (memberCount));
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(StartArray, (CurrentContext()));
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(StartArray, ());
+        return valid_ = outputHandler_.StartArray();
+    }
+    
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) {
+        if (!valid_) return false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(EndArray, (elementCount));
+        if (!CurrentSchema().EndArray(CurrentContext(), elementCount)) return valid_ = false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(EndArray, (elementCount));
+    }
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_
+#undef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_
+#undef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_
+#undef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_
+
+    // Implementation of ISchemaStateFactory<SchemaType>
+    virtual ISchemaValidator* CreateSchemaValidator(const SchemaType& root) {
+        return new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(GenericSchemaValidator))) GenericSchemaValidator(*schemaDocument_, root,
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        depth_ + 1,
+#endif
+        &GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+
+    virtual void DestroySchemaValidator(ISchemaValidator* validator) {
+        GenericSchemaValidator* v = static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(validator);
+        v->~GenericSchemaValidator();
+        StateAllocator::Free(v);
+    }
+
+    virtual void* CreateHasher() {
+        return new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(HasherType))) HasherType(&GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+
+    virtual uint64_t GetHashCode(void* hasher) {
+        return static_cast<HasherType*>(hasher)->GetHashCode();
+    }
+
+    virtual void DestroryHasher(void* hasher) {
+        HasherType* h = static_cast<HasherType*>(hasher);
+        h->~HasherType();
+        StateAllocator::Free(h);
+    }
+
+    virtual void* MallocState(size_t size) {
+        return GetStateAllocator().Malloc(size);
+    }
+
+    virtual void FreeState(void* p) {
+        return StateAllocator::Free(p);
+    }
+
+private:
+    typedef typename SchemaType::Context Context;
+    typedef GenericValue<UTF8<>, StateAllocator> HashCodeArray;
+    typedef internal::Hasher<EncodingType, StateAllocator> HasherType;
+
+    GenericSchemaValidator( 
+        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
+        const SchemaType& root,
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        unsigned depth,
+#endif
+        StateAllocator* allocator = 0,
+        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
+        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
+        :
+        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
+        root_(root),
+        outputHandler_(GetNullHandler()),
+        stateAllocator_(allocator),
+        ownStateAllocator_(0),
+        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
+        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
+        valid_(true)
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        , depth_(depth)
+#endif
+    {
+    }
+
+    StateAllocator& GetStateAllocator() {
+        if (!stateAllocator_)
+            stateAllocator_ = ownStateAllocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(StateAllocator());
+        return *stateAllocator_;
+    }
+
+    bool BeginValue() {
+        if (schemaStack_.Empty())
+            PushSchema(root_);
+        else {
+            if (CurrentContext().inArray)
+                internal::TokenHelper<internal::Stack<StateAllocator>, Ch>::AppendIndexToken(documentStack_, CurrentContext().arrayElementIndex);
+
+            if (!CurrentSchema().BeginValue(CurrentContext()))
+                return false;
+
+            SizeType count = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesSchemaCount;
+            const SchemaType** sa = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesSchemas;
+            typename Context::PatternValidatorType patternValidatorType = CurrentContext().valuePatternValidatorType;
+            bool valueUniqueness = CurrentContext().valueUniqueness;
+            if (CurrentContext().valueSchema)
+                PushSchema(*CurrentContext().valueSchema);
+
+            if (count > 0) {
+                CurrentContext().objectPatternValidatorType = patternValidatorType;
+                ISchemaValidator**& va = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesValidators;
+                SizeType& validatorCount = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
+                va = static_cast<ISchemaValidator**>(MallocState(sizeof(ISchemaValidator*) * count));
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                    va[validatorCount++] = CreateSchemaValidator(*sa[i]);
+            }
+
+            CurrentContext().arrayUniqueness = valueUniqueness;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool EndValue() {
+        if (!CurrentSchema().EndValue(CurrentContext()))
+            return false;
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
+        schemaDocument_->GetPointer(&CurrentSchema()).Stringify(sb);
+
+        *documentStack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';
+        documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);
+        internal::PrintValidatorPointers(depth_, sb.GetString(), documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>());
+#endif
+
+        uint64_t h = CurrentContext().arrayUniqueness ? static_cast<HasherType*>(CurrentContext().hasher)->GetHashCode() : 0;
+        
+        PopSchema();
+
+        if (!schemaStack_.Empty()) {
+            Context& context = CurrentContext();
+            if (context.valueUniqueness) {
+                HashCodeArray* a = static_cast<HashCodeArray*>(context.arrayElementHashCodes);
+                if (!a)
+                    CurrentContext().arrayElementHashCodes = a = new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(HashCodeArray))) HashCodeArray(kArrayType);
+                for (typename HashCodeArray::ConstValueIterator itr = a->Begin(); itr != a->End(); ++itr)
+                    if (itr->GetUint64() == h)
+                        RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(SchemaType::GetUniqueItemsString());
+                a->PushBack(h, GetStateAllocator());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Remove the last token of document pointer
+        while (!documentStack_.Empty() && *documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1) != '/')
+            ;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void AppendToken(const Ch* str, SizeType len) {
+        documentStack_.template Reserve<Ch>(1 + len * 2); // worst case all characters are escaped as two characters
+        *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '/';
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            if (str[i] == '~') {
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '~';
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '0';
+            }
+            else if (str[i] == '/') {
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '~';
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '1';
+            }
+            else
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = str[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void PushSchema(const SchemaType& schema) { new (schemaStack_.template Push<Context>()) Context(*this, &schema); }
+    
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void PopSchema() {
+        Context* c = schemaStack_.template Pop<Context>(1);
+        if (HashCodeArray* a = static_cast<HashCodeArray*>(c->arrayElementHashCodes)) {
+            a->~HashCodeArray();
+            StateAllocator::Free(a);
+        }
+        c->~Context();
+    }
+
+    const SchemaType& CurrentSchema() const { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>()->schema; }
+    Context& CurrentContext() { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>(); }
+    const Context& CurrentContext() const { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>(); }
+
+    static OutputHandler& GetNullHandler() {
+        static OutputHandler nullHandler;
+        return nullHandler;
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity = 1024;
+    static const size_t kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity = 256;
+    const SchemaDocumentType* schemaDocument_;
+    const SchemaType& root_;
+    OutputHandler& outputHandler_;
+    StateAllocator* stateAllocator_;
+    StateAllocator* ownStateAllocator_;
+    internal::Stack<StateAllocator> schemaStack_;    //!< stack to store the current path of schema (BaseSchemaType *)
+    internal::Stack<StateAllocator> documentStack_;  //!< stack to store the current path of validating document (Ch)
+    bool valid_;
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+    unsigned depth_;
+#endif
+};
+
+typedef GenericSchemaValidator<SchemaDocument> SchemaValidator;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SchemaValidatingReader
+
+//! A helper class for parsing with validation.
+/*!
+    This helper class is a functor, designed as a parameter of \ref GenericDocument::Populate().
+
+    \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+    \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept.
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of the input stream.
+    \tparam SchemaDocumentType Type of schema document.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Allocator type for stack.
+*/
+template <
+    unsigned parseFlags,
+    typename InputStream,
+    typename SourceEncoding,
+    typename SchemaDocumentType = SchemaDocument,
+    typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class SchemaValidatingReader {
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
+    typedef typename InputStream::Ch Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*!
+        \param is Input stream.
+        \param sd Schema document.
+    */
+    SchemaValidatingReader(InputStream& is, const SchemaDocumentType& sd) : is_(is), sd_(sd), invalidSchemaKeyword_(), isValid_(true) {}
+
+    template <typename Handler>
+    bool operator()(Handler& handler) {
+        GenericReader<SourceEncoding, typename SchemaDocumentType::EncodingType, StackAllocator> reader;
+        GenericSchemaValidator<SchemaDocumentType, Handler> validator(sd_, handler);
+        parseResult_ = reader.template Parse<parseFlags>(is_, validator);
+
+        isValid_ = validator.IsValid();
+        if (isValid_) {
+            invalidSchemaPointer_ = PointerType();
+            invalidSchemaKeyword_ = 0;
+            invalidDocumentPointer_ = PointerType();
+        }
+        else {
+            invalidSchemaPointer_ = validator.GetInvalidSchemaPointer();
+            invalidSchemaKeyword_ = validator.GetInvalidSchemaKeyword();
+            invalidDocumentPointer_ = validator.GetInvalidDocumentPointer();
+        }
+
+        return parseResult_;
+    }
+
+    const ParseResult& GetParseResult() const { return parseResult_; }
+    bool IsValid() const { return isValid_; }
+    const PointerType& GetInvalidSchemaPointer() const { return invalidSchemaPointer_; }
+    const Ch* GetInvalidSchemaKeyword() const { return invalidSchemaKeyword_; }
+    const PointerType& GetInvalidDocumentPointer() const { return invalidDocumentPointer_; }
+
+private:
+    InputStream& is_;
+    const SchemaDocumentType& sd_;
+
+    ParseResult parseResult_;
+    PointerType invalidSchemaPointer_;
+    const Ch* invalidSchemaKeyword_;
+    PointerType invalidDocumentPointer_;
+    bool isValid_;
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/stream.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/stream.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fef82c25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/stream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_STREAM_H_
+
+#include "encodings.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//  Stream
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Stream
+    \brief Concept for reading and writing characters.
+
+    For read-only stream, no need to implement PutBegin(), Put(), Flush() and PutEnd().
+
+    For write-only stream, only need to implement Put() and Flush().
+
+\code
+concept Stream {
+    typename Ch;    //!< Character type of the stream.
+
+    //! Read the current character from stream without moving the read cursor.
+    Ch Peek() const;
+
+    //! Read the current character from stream and moving the read cursor to next character.
+    Ch Take();
+
+    //! Get the current read cursor.
+    //! \return Number of characters read from start.
+    size_t Tell();
+
+    //! Begin writing operation at the current read pointer.
+    //! \return The begin writer pointer.
+    Ch* PutBegin();
+
+    //! Write a character.
+    void Put(Ch c);
+
+    //! Flush the buffer.
+    void Flush();
+
+    //! End the writing operation.
+    //! \param begin The begin write pointer returned by PutBegin().
+    //! \return Number of characters written.
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch* begin);
+}
+\endcode
+*/
+
+//! Provides additional information for stream.
+/*!
+    By using traits pattern, this type provides a default configuration for stream.
+    For custom stream, this type can be specialized for other configuration.
+    See TEST(Reader, CustomStringStream) in readertest.cpp for example.
+*/
+template<typename Stream>
+struct StreamTraits {
+    //! Whether to make local copy of stream for optimization during parsing.
+    /*!
+        By default, for safety, streams do not use local copy optimization.
+        Stream that can be copied fast should specialize this, like StreamTraits<StringStream>.
+    */
+    enum { copyOptimization = 0 };
+};
+
+//! Reserve n characters for writing to a stream.
+template<typename Stream>
+inline void PutReserve(Stream& stream, size_t count) {
+    (void)stream;
+    (void)count;
+}
+
+//! Write character to a stream, presuming buffer is reserved.
+template<typename Stream>
+inline void PutUnsafe(Stream& stream, typename Stream::Ch c) {
+    stream.Put(c);
+}
+
+//! Put N copies of a character to a stream.
+template<typename Stream, typename Ch>
+inline void PutN(Stream& stream, Ch c, size_t n) {
+    PutReserve(stream, n);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        PutUnsafe(stream, c);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// StringStream
+
+//! Read-only string stream.
+/*! \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericStringStream {
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericStringStream(const Ch *src) : src_(src), head_(src) {}
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return *src_; }
+    Ch Take() { return *src_++; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - head_); }
+
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    const Ch* src_;     //!< Current read position.
+    const Ch* head_;    //!< Original head of the string.
+};
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct StreamTraits<GenericStringStream<Encoding> > {
+    enum { copyOptimization = 1 };
+};
+
+//! String stream with UTF8 encoding.
+typedef GenericStringStream<UTF8<> > StringStream;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// InsituStringStream
+
+//! A read-write string stream.
+/*! This string stream is particularly designed for in-situ parsing.
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericInsituStringStream {
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericInsituStringStream(Ch *src) : src_(src), dst_(0), head_(src) {}
+
+    // Read
+    Ch Peek() { return *src_; }
+    Ch Take() { return *src_++; }
+    size_t Tell() { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - head_); }
+
+    // Write
+    void Put(Ch c) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(dst_ != 0); *dst_++ = c; }
+
+    Ch* PutBegin() { return dst_ = src_; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch* begin) { return static_cast<size_t>(dst_ - begin); }
+    void Flush() {}
+
+    Ch* Push(size_t count) { Ch* begin = dst_; dst_ += count; return begin; }
+    void Pop(size_t count) { dst_ -= count; }
+
+    Ch* src_;
+    Ch* dst_;
+    Ch* head_;
+};
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct StreamTraits<GenericInsituStringStream<Encoding> > {
+    enum { copyOptimization = 1 };
+};
+
+//! Insitu string stream with UTF8 encoding.
+typedef GenericInsituStringStream<UTF8<> > InsituStringStream;
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STREAM_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..78f34d20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STRINGBUFFER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRINGBUFFER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+#include <utility> // std::move
+#endif
+
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Represents an in-memory output stream.
+/*!
+    \tparam Encoding Encoding of the stream.
+    \tparam Allocator type for allocating memory buffer.
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericStringBuffer {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericStringBuffer(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t capacity = kDefaultCapacity) : stack_(allocator, capacity) {}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericStringBuffer(GenericStringBuffer&& rhs) : stack_(std::move(rhs.stack_)) {}
+    GenericStringBuffer& operator=(GenericStringBuffer&& rhs) {
+        if (&rhs != this)
+            stack_ = std::move(rhs.stack_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = c; }
+    void PutUnsafe(Ch c) { *stack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = c; }
+    void Flush() {}
+
+    void Clear() { stack_.Clear(); }
+    void ShrinkToFit() {
+        // Push and pop a null terminator. This is safe.
+        *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';
+        stack_.ShrinkToFit();
+        stack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);
+    }
+
+    void Reserve(size_t count) { stack_.template Reserve<Ch>(count); }
+    Ch* Push(size_t count) { return stack_.template Push<Ch>(count); }
+    Ch* PushUnsafe(size_t count) { return stack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>(count); }
+    void Pop(size_t count) { stack_.template Pop<Ch>(count); }
+
+    const Ch* GetString() const {
+        // Push and pop a null terminator. This is safe.
+        *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';
+        stack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);
+
+        return stack_.template Bottom<Ch>();
+    }
+
+    size_t GetSize() const { return stack_.GetSize(); }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultCapacity = 256;
+    mutable internal::Stack<Allocator> stack_;
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    GenericStringBuffer(const GenericStringBuffer&);
+    GenericStringBuffer& operator=(const GenericStringBuffer&);
+};
+
+//! String buffer with UTF8 encoding
+typedef GenericStringBuffer<UTF8<> > StringBuffer;
+
+template<typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+inline void PutReserve(GenericStringBuffer<Encoding, Allocator>& stream, size_t count) {
+    stream.Reserve(count);
+}
+
+template<typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+inline void PutUnsafe(GenericStringBuffer<Encoding, Allocator>& stream, typename Encoding::Ch c) {
+    stream.PutUnsafe(c);
+}
+
+//! Implement specialized version of PutN() with memset() for better performance.
+template<>
+inline void PutN(GenericStringBuffer<UTF8<> >& stream, char c, size_t n) {
+    std::memset(stream.stack_.Push<char>(n), c, n * sizeof(c));
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STRINGBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/writer.h b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94f22dd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/rapidjson/writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_WRITER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_WRITER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+#include "internal/strfunc.h"
+#include "internal/dtoa.h"
+#include "internal/itoa.h"
+#include "stringbuffer.h"
+#include <new>      // placement new
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SIMD) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
+#endif
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+#include <nmmintrin.h>
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2)
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// WriteFlag
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS 
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-defined kWriteDefaultFlags definition.
+
+    User can define this as any \c WriteFlag combinations.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+#define RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS kWriteNoFlags
+#endif
+
+//! Combination of writeFlags
+enum WriteFlag {
+    kWriteNoFlags = 0,              //!< No flags are set.
+    kWriteValidateEncodingFlag = 1, //!< Validate encoding of JSON strings.
+    kWriteNanAndInfFlag = 2,        //!< Allow writing of Infinity, -Infinity and NaN.
+    kWriteDefaultFlags = RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS  //!< Default write flags. Can be customized by defining RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+};
+
+//! JSON writer
+/*! Writer implements the concept Handler.
+    It generates JSON text by events to an output os.
+
+    User may programmatically calls the functions of a writer to generate JSON text.
+
+    On the other side, a writer can also be passed to objects that generates events, 
+
+    for example Reader::Parse() and Document::Accept().
+
+    \tparam OutputStream Type of output stream.
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of source string.
+    \tparam TargetEncoding Encoding of output stream.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Type of allocator for allocating memory of stack.
+    \note implements Handler concept
+*/
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding = UTF8<>, typename TargetEncoding = UTF8<>, typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator, unsigned writeFlags = kWriteDefaultFlags>
+class Writer {
+public:
+    typedef typename SourceEncoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    static const int kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces = 324;
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! \param os Output stream.
+        \param stackAllocator User supplied allocator. If it is null, it will create a private one.
+        \param levelDepth Initial capacity of stack.
+    */
+    explicit
+    Writer(OutputStream& os, StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = kDefaultLevelDepth) : 
+        os_(&os), level_stack_(stackAllocator, levelDepth * sizeof(Level)), maxDecimalPlaces_(kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces), hasRoot_(false) {}
+
+    explicit
+    Writer(StackAllocator* allocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = kDefaultLevelDepth) :
+        os_(0), level_stack_(allocator, levelDepth * sizeof(Level)), maxDecimalPlaces_(kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces), hasRoot_(false) {}
+
+    //! Reset the writer with a new stream.
+    /*!
+        This function reset the writer with a new stream and default settings,
+        in order to make a Writer object reusable for output multiple JSONs.
+
+        \param os New output stream.
+        \code
+        Writer<OutputStream> writer(os1);
+        writer.StartObject();
+        // ...
+        writer.EndObject();
+
+        writer.Reset(os2);
+        writer.StartObject();
+        // ...
+        writer.EndObject();
+        \endcode
+    */
+    void Reset(OutputStream& os) {
+        os_ = &os;
+        hasRoot_ = false;
+        level_stack_.Clear();
+    }
+
+    //! Checks whether the output is a complete JSON.
+    /*!
+        A complete JSON has a complete root object or array.
+    */
+    bool IsComplete() const {
+        return hasRoot_ && level_stack_.Empty();
+    }
+
+    int GetMaxDecimalPlaces() const {
+        return maxDecimalPlaces_;
+    }
+
+    //! Sets the maximum number of decimal places for double output.
+    /*!
+        This setting truncates the output with specified number of decimal places.
+
+        For example, 
+
+        \code
+        writer.SetMaxDecimalPlaces(3);
+        writer.StartArray();
+        writer.Double(0.12345);                 // "0.123"
+        writer.Double(0.0001);                  // "0.0"
+        writer.Double(1.234567890123456e30);    // "1.234567890123456e30" (do not truncate significand for positive exponent)
+        writer.Double(1.23e-4);                 // "0.0"                  (do truncate significand for negative exponent)
+        writer.EndArray();
+        \endcode
+
+        The default setting does not truncate any decimal places. You can restore to this setting by calling
+        \code
+        writer.SetMaxDecimalPlaces(Writer::kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces);
+        \endcode
+    */
+    void SetMaxDecimalPlaces(int maxDecimalPlaces) {
+        maxDecimalPlaces_ = maxDecimalPlaces;
+    }
+
+    /*!@name Implementation of Handler
+        \see Handler
+    */
+    //@{
+
+    bool Null()                 { Prefix(kNullType);   return EndValue(WriteNull()); }
+    bool Bool(bool b)           { Prefix(b ? kTrueType : kFalseType); return EndValue(WriteBool(b)); }
+    bool Int(int i)             { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteInt(i)); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u)       { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteUint(u)); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i64)     { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteInt64(i64)); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u64)   { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteUint64(u64)); }
+
+    //! Writes the given \c double value to the stream
+    /*!
+        \param d The value to be written.
+        \return Whether it is succeed.
+    */
+    bool Double(double d)       { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteDouble(d)); }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        (void)copy;
+        Prefix(kNumberType);
+        return EndValue(WriteString(str, length));
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        (void)copy;
+        Prefix(kStringType);
+        return EndValue(WriteString(str, length));
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool String(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return String(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    bool StartObject() {
+        Prefix(kObjectType);
+        new (level_stack_.template Push<Level>()) Level(false);
+        return WriteStartObject();
+    }
+
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) { return String(str, length, copy); }
+
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount = 0) {
+        (void)memberCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(Level));
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!level_stack_.template Top<Level>()->inArray);
+        level_stack_.template Pop<Level>(1);
+        return EndValue(WriteEndObject());
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() {
+        Prefix(kArrayType);
+        new (level_stack_.template Push<Level>()) Level(true);
+        return WriteStartArray();
+    }
+
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount = 0) {
+        (void)elementCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(Level));
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(level_stack_.template Top<Level>()->inArray);
+        level_stack_.template Pop<Level>(1);
+        return EndValue(WriteEndArray());
+    }
+    //@}
+
+    /*! @name Convenience extensions */
+    //@{
+
+    //! Simpler but slower overload.
+    bool String(const Ch* str) { return String(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+    bool Key(const Ch* str) { return Key(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Write a raw JSON value.
+    /*!
+        For user to write a stringified JSON as a value.
+
+        \param json A well-formed JSON value. It should not contain null character within [0, length - 1] range.
+        \param length Length of the json.
+        \param type Type of the root of json.
+    */
+    bool RawValue(const Ch* json, size_t length, Type type) { Prefix(type); return EndValue(WriteRawValue(json, length)); }
+
+protected:
+    //! Information for each nested level
+    struct Level {
+        Level(bool inArray_) : valueCount(0), inArray(inArray_) {}
+        size_t valueCount;  //!< number of values in this level
+        bool inArray;       //!< true if in array, otherwise in object
+    };
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultLevelDepth = 32;
+
+    bool WriteNull()  {
+        PutReserve(*os_, 4);
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l'); return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteBool(bool b)  {
+        if (b) {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 4);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 't'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'r'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'e');
+        }
+        else {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 5);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'f'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'a'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 's'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'e');
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteInt(int i) {
+        char buffer[11];
+        const char* end = internal::i32toa(i, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (const char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteUint(unsigned u) {
+        char buffer[10];
+        const char* end = internal::u32toa(u, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (const char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteInt64(int64_t i64) {
+        char buffer[21];
+        const char* end = internal::i64toa(i64, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (const char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteUint64(uint64_t u64) {
+        char buffer[20];
+        char* end = internal::u64toa(u64, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteDouble(double d) {
+        if (internal::Double(d).IsNanOrInf()) {
+            if (!(writeFlags & kWriteNanAndInfFlag))
+                return false;
+            if (internal::Double(d).IsNan()) {
+                PutReserve(*os_, 3);
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'a'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N');
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (internal::Double(d).Sign()) {
+                PutReserve(*os_, 9);
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, '-');
+            }
+            else
+                PutReserve(*os_, 8);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'I'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'f');
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 't'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'y');
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        char buffer[25];
+        char* end = internal::dtoa(d, buffer, maxDecimalPlaces_);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteString(const Ch* str, SizeType length)  {
+        static const typename TargetEncoding::Ch hexDigits[16] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
+        static const char escape[256] = {
+#define Z16 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
+            //0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    A    B    C    D    E    F
+            'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'b', 't', 'n', 'u', 'f', 'r', 'u', 'u', // 00
+            'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', // 10
+              0,   0, '"',   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, // 20
+            Z16, Z16,                                                                       // 30~4F
+              0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,'\\',   0,   0,   0, // 50
+            Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16                                // 60~FF
+#undef Z16
+        };
+
+        if (TargetEncoding::supportUnicode)
+            PutReserve(*os_, 2 + length * 6); // "\uxxxx..."
+        else
+            PutReserve(*os_, 2 + length * 12);  // "\uxxxx\uyyyy..."
+
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, '\"');
+        GenericStringStream<SourceEncoding> is(str);
+        while (ScanWriteUnescapedString(is, length)) {
+            const Ch c = is.Peek();
+            if (!TargetEncoding::supportUnicode && static_cast<unsigned>(c) >= 0x80) {
+                // Unicode escaping
+                unsigned codepoint;
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!SourceEncoding::Decode(is, &codepoint)))
+                    return false;
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, '\\');
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u');
+                if (codepoint <= 0xD7FF || (codepoint >= 0xE000 && codepoint <= 0xFFFF)) {
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint >> 12) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint >>  8) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint >>  4) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint      ) & 15]);
+                }
+                else {
+                    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint >= 0x010000 && codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+                    // Surrogate pair
+                    unsigned s = codepoint - 0x010000;
+                    unsigned lead = (s >> 10) + 0xD800;
+                    unsigned trail = (s & 0x3FF) + 0xDC00;
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead >> 12) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead >>  8) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead >>  4) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead      ) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, '\\');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail >> 12) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail >>  8) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail >>  4) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail      ) & 15]);                    
+                }
+            }
+            else if ((sizeof(Ch) == 1 || static_cast<unsigned>(c) < 256) && RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]))  {
+                is.Take();
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, '\\');
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]));
+                if (escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)] == 'u') {
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, '0');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, '0');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[static_cast<unsigned char>(c) >> 4]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[static_cast<unsigned char>(c) & 0xF]);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!(writeFlags & kWriteValidateEncodingFlag ? 
+                Transcoder<SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding>::Validate(is, *os_) :
+                Transcoder<SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding>::TranscodeUnsafe(is, *os_))))
+                return false;
+        }
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, '\"');
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool ScanWriteUnescapedString(GenericStringStream<SourceEncoding>& is, size_t length) {
+        return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+    }
+
+    bool WriteStartObject() { os_->Put('{'); return true; }
+    bool WriteEndObject()   { os_->Put('}'); return true; }
+    bool WriteStartArray()  { os_->Put('['); return true; }
+    bool WriteEndArray()    { os_->Put(']'); return true; }
+
+    bool WriteRawValue(const Ch* json, size_t length) {
+        PutReserve(*os_, length);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(json[i] != '\0');
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, json[i]);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void Prefix(Type type) {
+        (void)type;
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(level_stack_.GetSize() != 0)) { // this value is not at root
+            Level* level = level_stack_.template Top<Level>();
+            if (level->valueCount > 0) {
+                if (level->inArray) 
+                    os_->Put(','); // add comma if it is not the first element in array
+                else  // in object
+                    os_->Put((level->valueCount % 2 == 0) ? ',' : ':');
+            }
+            if (!level->inArray && level->valueCount % 2 == 0)
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type == kStringType);  // if it's in object, then even number should be a name
+            level->valueCount++;
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!hasRoot_);    // Should only has one and only one root.
+            hasRoot_ = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Flush the value if it is the top level one.
+    bool EndValue(bool ret) {
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(level_stack_.Empty()))   // end of json text
+            os_->Flush();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    OutputStream* os_;
+    internal::Stack<StackAllocator> level_stack_;
+    int maxDecimalPlaces_;
+    bool hasRoot_;
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    Writer(const Writer&);
+    Writer& operator=(const Writer&);
+};
+
+// Full specialization for StringStream to prevent memory copying
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteInt(int i) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(11);
+    const char* end = internal::i32toa(i, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(11 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteUint(unsigned u) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(10);
+    const char* end = internal::u32toa(u, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(10 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteInt64(int64_t i64) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(21);
+    const char* end = internal::i64toa(i64, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(21 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteUint64(uint64_t u) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(20);
+    const char* end = internal::u64toa(u, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(20 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteDouble(double d) {
+    if (internal::Double(d).IsNanOrInf()) {
+        // Note: This code path can only be reached if (RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS & kWriteNanAndInfFlag).
+        if (!(kWriteDefaultFlags & kWriteNanAndInfFlag))
+            return false;
+        if (internal::Double(d).IsNan()) {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 3);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'a'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N');
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (internal::Double(d).Sign()) {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 9);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, '-');
+        }
+        else
+            PutReserve(*os_, 8);
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, 'I'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'f');
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 't'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'y');
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(25);
+    char* end = internal::dtoa(d, buffer, maxDecimalPlaces_);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(25 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2) || defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE42)
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::ScanWriteUnescapedString(StringStream& is, size_t length) {
+    if (length < 16)
+        return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+
+    if (!RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length))
+        return false;
+
+    const char* p = is.src_;
+    const char* end = is.head_ + length;
+    const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    const char* endAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(end) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    if (nextAligned > end)
+        return true;
+
+    while (p != nextAligned)
+        if (*p < 0x20 || *p == '\"' || *p == '\\') {
+            is.src_ = p;
+            return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+        }
+        else
+            os_->PutUnsafe(*p++);
+
+    // The rest of string using SIMD
+    static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+    static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+    static const char space[16]  = { 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19 };
+    const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+    const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+    const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+    for (; p != endAligned; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+        const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+        const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x19) == 0x19
+        const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+        unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+            SizeType len;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            len = offset;
+#else
+            len = static_cast<SizeType>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+#endif
+            char* q = reinterpret_cast<char*>(os_->PushUnsafe(len));
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                q[i] = p[i];
+
+            p += len;
+            break;
+        }
+        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(os_->PushUnsafe(16)), s);
+    }
+
+    is.src_ = p;
+    return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+}
+#endif // defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2) || defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE42)
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/async.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/async.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f7956305
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/async.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+//
+// Async logging using global thread pool
+// All loggers created here share same global thread pool.
+// Each log message is pushed to a queue along with a shared pointer to the
+// logger.
+// If a logger deleted while having pending messages in the queue, it's actual
+// destruction will defer
+// until all its messages are processed by the thread pool.
+// This is because each message in the queue holds a shared_ptr to the
+// originating logger.
+
+#include <spdlog/async_logger.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/registry.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/thread_pool.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+namespace details {
+static const size_t default_async_q_size = 8192;
+}
+
+// async logger factory - creates async loggers backed with thread pool.
+// if a global thread pool doesn't already exist, create it with default queue
+// size of 8192 items and single thread.
+template<async_overflow_policy OverflowPolicy = async_overflow_policy::block>
+struct async_factory_impl
+{
+    template<typename Sink, typename... SinkArgs>
+    static std::shared_ptr<async_logger> create(std::string logger_name, SinkArgs &&...args)
+    {
+        auto &registry_inst = details::registry::instance();
+
+        // create global thread pool if not already exists..
+
+        auto &mutex = registry_inst.tp_mutex();
+        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> tp_lock(mutex);
+        auto tp = registry_inst.get_tp();
+        if (tp == nullptr)
+        {
+            tp = std::make_shared<details::thread_pool>(details::default_async_q_size, 1);
+            registry_inst.set_tp(tp);
+        }
+
+        auto sink = std::make_shared<Sink>(std::forward<SinkArgs>(args)...);
+        auto new_logger = std::make_shared<async_logger>(std::move(logger_name), std::move(sink), std::move(tp), OverflowPolicy);
+        registry_inst.initialize_logger(new_logger);
+        return new_logger;
+    }
+};
+
+using async_factory = async_factory_impl<async_overflow_policy::block>;
+using async_factory_nonblock = async_factory_impl<async_overflow_policy::overrun_oldest>;
+
+template<typename Sink, typename... SinkArgs>
+inline std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> create_async(std::string logger_name, SinkArgs &&...sink_args)
+{
+    return async_factory::create<Sink>(std::move(logger_name), std::forward<SinkArgs>(sink_args)...);
+}
+
+template<typename Sink, typename... SinkArgs>
+inline std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> create_async_nb(std::string logger_name, SinkArgs &&...sink_args)
+{
+    return async_factory_nonblock::create<Sink>(std::move(logger_name), std::forward<SinkArgs>(sink_args)...);
+}
+
+// set global thread pool.
+inline void init_thread_pool(size_t q_size, size_t thread_count, std::function<void()> on_thread_start)
+{
+    auto tp = std::make_shared<details::thread_pool>(q_size, thread_count, on_thread_start);
+    details::registry::instance().set_tp(std::move(tp));
+}
+
+// set global thread pool.
+inline void init_thread_pool(size_t q_size, size_t thread_count)
+{
+    init_thread_pool(q_size, thread_count, [] {});
+}
+
+// get the global thread pool.
+inline std::shared_ptr<spdlog::details::thread_pool> thread_pool()
+{
+    return details::registry::instance().get_tp();
+}
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/async_logger-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/async_logger-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f8c9694c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/async_logger-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/async_logger.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/sinks/sink.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/thread_pool.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::async_logger::async_logger(
+    std::string logger_name, sinks_init_list sinks_list, std::weak_ptr<details::thread_pool> tp, async_overflow_policy overflow_policy)
+    : async_logger(std::move(logger_name), sinks_list.begin(), sinks_list.end(), std::move(tp), overflow_policy)
+{}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::async_logger::async_logger(
+    std::string logger_name, sink_ptr single_sink, std::weak_ptr<details::thread_pool> tp, async_overflow_policy overflow_policy)
+    : async_logger(std::move(logger_name), {std::move(single_sink)}, std::move(tp), overflow_policy)
+{}
+
+// send the log message to the thread pool
+SPDLOG_INLINE void spdlog::async_logger::sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg)
+{
+    if (auto pool_ptr = thread_pool_.lock())
+    {
+        pool_ptr->post_log(shared_from_this(), msg, overflow_policy_);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("async log: thread pool doesn't exist anymore");
+    }
+}
+
+// send flush request to the thread pool
+SPDLOG_INLINE void spdlog::async_logger::flush_()
+{
+    if (auto pool_ptr = thread_pool_.lock())
+    {
+        pool_ptr->post_flush(shared_from_this(), overflow_policy_);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("async flush: thread pool doesn't exist anymore");
+    }
+}
+
+//
+// backend functions - called from the thread pool to do the actual job
+//
+SPDLOG_INLINE void spdlog::async_logger::backend_sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg)
+{
+    for (auto &sink : sinks_)
+    {
+        if (sink->should_log(msg.level))
+        {
+            SPDLOG_TRY
+            {
+                sink->log(msg);
+            }
+            SPDLOG_LOGGER_CATCH()
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (should_flush_(msg))
+    {
+        backend_flush_();
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void spdlog::async_logger::backend_flush_()
+{
+    for (auto &sink : sinks_)
+    {
+        SPDLOG_TRY
+        {
+            sink->flush();
+        }
+        SPDLOG_LOGGER_CATCH()
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> spdlog::async_logger::clone(std::string new_name)
+{
+    auto cloned = std::make_shared<spdlog::async_logger>(*this);
+    cloned->name_ = std::move(new_name);
+    return cloned;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/async_logger.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/async_logger.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f299672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/async_logger.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Fast asynchronous logger.
+// Uses pre allocated queue.
+// Creates a single back thread to pop messages from the queue and log them.
+//
+// Upon each log write the logger:
+//    1. Checks if its log level is enough to log the message
+//    2. Push a new copy of the message to a queue (or block the caller until
+//    space is available in the queue)
+// Upon destruction, logs all remaining messages in the queue before
+// destructing..
+
+#include <spdlog/logger.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+// Async overflow policy - block by default.
+enum class async_overflow_policy
+{
+    block,         // Block until message can be enqueued
+    overrun_oldest // Discard oldest message in the queue if full when trying to
+                   // add new item.
+};
+
+namespace details {
+class thread_pool;
+}
+
+class SPDLOG_API async_logger final : public std::enable_shared_from_this<async_logger>, public logger
+{
+    friend class details::thread_pool;
+
+public:
+    template<typename It>
+    async_logger(std::string logger_name, It begin, It end, std::weak_ptr<details::thread_pool> tp,
+        async_overflow_policy overflow_policy = async_overflow_policy::block)
+        : logger(std::move(logger_name), begin, end)
+        , thread_pool_(std::move(tp))
+        , overflow_policy_(overflow_policy)
+    {}
+
+    async_logger(std::string logger_name, sinks_init_list sinks_list, std::weak_ptr<details::thread_pool> tp,
+        async_overflow_policy overflow_policy = async_overflow_policy::block);
+
+    async_logger(std::string logger_name, sink_ptr single_sink, std::weak_ptr<details::thread_pool> tp,
+        async_overflow_policy overflow_policy = async_overflow_policy::block);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<logger> clone(std::string new_name) override;
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override;
+    void flush_() override;
+    void backend_sink_it_(const details::log_msg &incoming_log_msg);
+    void backend_flush_();
+
+private:
+    std::weak_ptr<details::thread_pool> thread_pool_;
+    async_overflow_policy overflow_policy_;
+};
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "async_logger-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/argv.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/argv.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..36d9f1c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/argv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+#include <spdlog/cfg/helpers.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/registry.h>
+
+//
+// Init log levels using each argv entry that starts with "SPDLOG_LEVEL="
+//
+// set all loggers to debug level:
+// example.exe "SPDLOG_LEVEL=debug"
+
+// set logger1 to trace level
+// example.exe "SPDLOG_LEVEL=logger1=trace"
+
+// turn off all logging except for logger1 and logger2:
+// example.exe "SPDLOG_LEVEL=off,logger1=debug,logger2=info"
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace cfg {
+
+// search for SPDLOG_LEVEL= in the args and use it to init the levels
+inline void load_argv_levels(int argc, const char **argv)
+{
+    const std::string spdlog_level_prefix = "SPDLOG_LEVEL=";
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++)
+    {
+        std::string arg = argv[i];
+        if (arg.find(spdlog_level_prefix) == 0)
+        {
+            auto levels_string = arg.substr(spdlog_level_prefix.size());
+            helpers::load_levels(levels_string);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline void load_argv_levels(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+    load_argv_levels(argc, const_cast<const char **>(argv));
+}
+
+} // namespace cfg
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/env.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/env.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f39ebbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/env.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+#include <spdlog/cfg/helpers.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/registry.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+
+//
+// Init levels and patterns from env variables SPDLOG_LEVEL
+// Inspired from Rust's "env_logger" crate (https://crates.io/crates/env_logger).
+// Note - fallback to "info" level on unrecognized levels
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+// set global level to debug:
+// export SPDLOG_LEVEL=debug
+//
+// turn off all logging except for logger1:
+// export SPDLOG_LEVEL="*=off,logger1=debug"
+//
+
+// turn off all logging except for logger1 and logger2:
+// export SPDLOG_LEVEL="off,logger1=debug,logger2=info"
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace cfg {
+inline void load_env_levels()
+{
+    auto env_val = details::os::getenv("SPDLOG_LEVEL");
+    if (!env_val.empty())
+    {
+        helpers::load_levels(env_val);
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace cfg
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/helpers-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/helpers-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9e4daede
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/helpers-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/cfg/helpers.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/registry.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <sstream>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace cfg {
+namespace helpers {
+
+// inplace convert to lowercase
+inline std::string &to_lower_(std::string &str)
+{
+    std::transform(
+        str.begin(), str.end(), str.begin(), [](char ch) { return static_cast<char>((ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') ? ch + ('a' - 'A') : ch); });
+    return str;
+}
+
+// inplace trim spaces
+inline std::string &trim_(std::string &str)
+{
+    const char *spaces = " \n\r\t";
+    str.erase(str.find_last_not_of(spaces) + 1);
+    str.erase(0, str.find_first_not_of(spaces));
+    return str;
+}
+
+// return (name,value) trimmed pair from given "name=value" string.
+// return empty string on missing parts
+// "key=val" => ("key", "val")
+// " key  =  val " => ("key", "val")
+// "key=" => ("key", "")
+// "val" => ("", "val")
+
+inline std::pair<std::string, std::string> extract_kv_(char sep, const std::string &str)
+{
+    auto n = str.find(sep);
+    std::string k, v;
+    if (n == std::string::npos)
+    {
+        v = str;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        k = str.substr(0, n);
+        v = str.substr(n + 1);
+    }
+    return std::make_pair(trim_(k), trim_(v));
+}
+
+// return vector of key/value pairs from sequence of "K1=V1,K2=V2,.."
+// "a=AAA,b=BBB,c=CCC,.." => {("a","AAA"),("b","BBB"),("c", "CCC"),...}
+inline std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> extract_key_vals_(const std::string &str)
+{
+    std::string token;
+    std::istringstream token_stream(str);
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> rv{};
+    while (std::getline(token_stream, token, ','))
+    {
+        if (token.empty())
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto kv = extract_kv_('=', token);
+        rv[kv.first] = kv.second;
+    }
+    return rv;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void load_levels(const std::string &input)
+{
+    if (input.empty() || input.size() > 512)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto key_vals = extract_key_vals_(input);
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, level::level_enum> levels;
+    level::level_enum global_level = level::info;
+    bool global_level_found = false;
+
+    for (auto &name_level : key_vals)
+    {
+        auto &logger_name = name_level.first;
+        auto level_name = to_lower_(name_level.second);
+        auto level = level::from_str(level_name);
+        // ignore unrecognized level names
+        if (level == level::off && level_name != "off")
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (logger_name.empty()) // no logger name indicate global level
+        {
+            global_level_found = true;
+            global_level = level;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            levels[logger_name] = level;
+        }
+    }
+
+    details::registry::instance().set_levels(std::move(levels), global_level_found ? &global_level : nullptr);
+}
+
+} // namespace helpers
+} // namespace cfg
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/helpers.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a795f39a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/cfg/helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace cfg {
+namespace helpers {
+//
+// Init levels from given string
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+// set global level to debug: "debug"
+// turn off all logging except for logger1: "off,logger1=debug"
+// turn off all logging except for logger1 and logger2: "off,logger1=debug,logger2=info"
+//
+SPDLOG_API void load_levels(const std::string &txt);
+} // namespace helpers
+
+} // namespace cfg
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "helpers-inl.h"
+#endif // SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/common-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/common-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..378efe60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/common-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace level {
+
+static string_view_t level_string_views[] SPDLOG_LEVEL_NAMES;
+
+static const char *short_level_names[] SPDLOG_SHORT_LEVEL_NAMES;
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE const string_view_t &to_string_view(spdlog::level::level_enum l) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    return level_string_views[l];
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void set_string_view(spdlog::level::level_enum l, const string_view_t &s) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    level_string_views[l] = s;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE const char *to_short_c_str(spdlog::level::level_enum l) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    return short_level_names[l];
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::level::level_enum from_str(const std::string &name) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    int level = 0;
+    for (const auto &level_str : level_string_views)
+    {
+        if (level_str == name)
+        {
+            return static_cast<level::level_enum>(level);
+        }
+        level++;
+    }
+    // check also for "warn" and "err" before giving up..
+    if (name == "warn")
+    {
+        return level::warn;
+    }
+    if (name == "err")
+    {
+        return level::err;
+    }
+    return level::off;
+}
+} // namespace level
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog_ex::spdlog_ex(std::string msg)
+    : msg_(std::move(msg))
+{}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog_ex::spdlog_ex(const std::string &msg, int last_errno)
+{
+    memory_buf_t outbuf;
+    fmt::format_system_error(outbuf, last_errno, msg);
+    msg_ = fmt::to_string(outbuf);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE const char *spdlog_ex::what() const SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    return msg_.c_str();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void throw_spdlog_ex(const std::string &msg, int last_errno)
+{
+    SPDLOG_THROW(spdlog_ex(msg, last_errno));
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void throw_spdlog_ex(std::string msg)
+{
+    SPDLOG_THROW(spdlog_ex(std::move(msg)));
+}
+
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/common.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/common.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fb9a3660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/tweakme.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <memory>
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <functional>
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB
+#undef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(SPDLOG_SHARED_LIB)
+#ifdef spdlog_EXPORTS
+#define SPDLOG_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif
+#else // !defined(_WIN32) || !defined(SPDLOG_SHARED_LIB)
+#define SPDLOG_API
+#endif
+#define SPDLOG_INLINE
+#else // !defined(SPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB)
+#define SPDLOG_API
+#define SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#define SPDLOG_INLINE inline
+#endif // #ifdef SPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB
+
+#include <spdlog/fmt/fmt.h>
+
+// visual studio upto 2013 does not support noexcept nor constexpr
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1900)
+#define SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT _NOEXCEPT
+#define SPDLOG_CONSTEXPR
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#define SPDLOG_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define SPDLOG_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define SPDLOG_DEPRECATED __declspec(deprecated)
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_DEPRECATED
+#endif
+
+// disable thread local on msvc 2013
+#ifndef SPDLOG_NO_TLS
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1900)) || defined(__cplusplus_winrt)
+#define SPDLOG_NO_TLS 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_FUNCTION
+#define SPDLOG_FUNCTION static_cast<const char *>(__FUNCTION__)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#define SPDLOG_TRY
+#define SPDLOG_THROW(ex)                                                                                                                   \
+    do                                                                                                                                     \
+    {                                                                                                                                      \
+        printf("spdlog fatal error: %s\n", ex.what());                                                                                     \
+        std::abort();                                                                                                                      \
+    } while (0)
+#define SPDLOG_CATCH_ALL()
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_TRY try
+#define SPDLOG_THROW(ex) throw(ex)
+#define SPDLOG_CATCH_ALL() catch (...)
+#endif
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+class formatter;
+
+namespace sinks {
+class sink;
+}
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES)
+using filename_t = std::wstring;
+// allow macro expansion to occur in SPDLOG_FILENAME_T
+#define SPDLOG_FILENAME_T_INNER(s) L##s
+#define SPDLOG_FILENAME_T(s) SPDLOG_FILENAME_T_INNER(s)
+#else
+using filename_t = std::string;
+#define SPDLOG_FILENAME_T(s) s
+#endif
+
+using log_clock = std::chrono::system_clock;
+using sink_ptr = std::shared_ptr<sinks::sink>;
+using sinks_init_list = std::initializer_list<sink_ptr>;
+using err_handler = std::function<void(const std::string &err_msg)>;
+using string_view_t = fmt::basic_string_view<char>;
+using wstring_view_t = fmt::basic_string_view<wchar_t>;
+using memory_buf_t = fmt::basic_memory_buffer<char, 250>;
+using wmemory_buf_t = fmt::basic_memory_buffer<wchar_t, 250>;
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#error SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT only supported on windows
+#else
+template<typename T>
+struct is_convertible_to_wstring_view : std::is_convertible<T, wstring_view_t>
+{};
+#endif // _WIN32
+#else
+template<typename>
+struct is_convertible_to_wstring_view : std::false_type
+{};
+#endif // SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT
+
+#if defined(SPDLOG_NO_ATOMIC_LEVELS)
+using level_t = details::null_atomic_int;
+#else
+using level_t = std::atomic<int>;
+#endif
+
+#define SPDLOG_LEVEL_TRACE 0
+#define SPDLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG 1
+#define SPDLOG_LEVEL_INFO 2
+#define SPDLOG_LEVEL_WARN 3
+#define SPDLOG_LEVEL_ERROR 4
+#define SPDLOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL 5
+#define SPDLOG_LEVEL_OFF 6
+
+#if !defined(SPDLOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL)
+#define SPDLOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL SPDLOG_LEVEL_INFO
+#endif
+
+// Log level enum
+namespace level {
+enum level_enum
+{
+    trace = SPDLOG_LEVEL_TRACE,
+    debug = SPDLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
+    info = SPDLOG_LEVEL_INFO,
+    warn = SPDLOG_LEVEL_WARN,
+    err = SPDLOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
+    critical = SPDLOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL,
+    off = SPDLOG_LEVEL_OFF,
+    n_levels
+};
+
+#if !defined(SPDLOG_LEVEL_NAMES)
+#define SPDLOG_LEVEL_NAMES                                                                                                                 \
+    {                                                                                                                                      \
+        "trace", "debug", "info", "warning", "error", "critical", "off"                                                                    \
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(SPDLOG_SHORT_LEVEL_NAMES)
+
+#define SPDLOG_SHORT_LEVEL_NAMES                                                                                                           \
+    {                                                                                                                                      \
+        "T", "D", "I", "W", "E", "C", "O"                                                                                                  \
+    }
+#endif
+
+SPDLOG_API const string_view_t &to_string_view(spdlog::level::level_enum l) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+SPDLOG_API void set_string_view(spdlog::level::level_enum l, const string_view_t &s) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+SPDLOG_API const char *to_short_c_str(spdlog::level::level_enum l) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+SPDLOG_API spdlog::level::level_enum from_str(const std::string &name) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+} // namespace level
+
+//
+// Color mode used by sinks with color support.
+//
+enum class color_mode
+{
+    always,
+    automatic,
+    never
+};
+
+//
+// Pattern time - specific time getting to use for pattern_formatter.
+// local time by default
+//
+enum class pattern_time_type
+{
+    local, // log localtime
+    utc    // log utc
+};
+
+//
+// Log exception
+//
+class SPDLOG_API spdlog_ex : public std::exception
+{
+public:
+    explicit spdlog_ex(std::string msg);
+    spdlog_ex(const std::string &msg, int last_errno);
+    const char *what() const SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT override;
+
+private:
+    std::string msg_;
+};
+
+[[noreturn]] SPDLOG_API void throw_spdlog_ex(const std::string &msg, int last_errno);
+[[noreturn]] SPDLOG_API void throw_spdlog_ex(std::string msg);
+
+struct source_loc
+{
+    SPDLOG_CONSTEXPR source_loc() = default;
+    SPDLOG_CONSTEXPR source_loc(const char *filename_in, int line_in, const char *funcname_in)
+        : filename{filename_in}
+        , line{line_in}
+        , funcname{funcname_in}
+    {}
+
+    SPDLOG_CONSTEXPR bool empty() const SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        return line == 0;
+    }
+    const char *filename{nullptr};
+    int line{0};
+    const char *funcname{nullptr};
+};
+
+namespace details {
+// make_unique support for pre c++14
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201402L // C++14 and beyond
+using std::make_unique;
+#else
+template<typename T, typename... Args>
+std::unique_ptr<T> make_unique(Args &&...args)
+{
+    static_assert(!std::is_array<T>::value, "arrays not supported");
+    return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+}
+#endif
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "common-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/backtracer-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/backtracer-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21553c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/backtracer-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/details/backtracer.h>
+#endif
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+SPDLOG_INLINE backtracer::backtracer(const backtracer &other)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(other.mutex_);
+    enabled_ = other.enabled();
+    messages_ = other.messages_;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE backtracer::backtracer(backtracer &&other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(other.mutex_);
+    enabled_ = other.enabled();
+    messages_ = std::move(other.messages_);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE backtracer &backtracer::operator=(backtracer other)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    enabled_ = other.enabled();
+    messages_ = std::move(other.messages_);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void backtracer::enable(size_t size)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock{mutex_};
+    enabled_.store(true, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    messages_ = circular_q<log_msg_buffer>{size};
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void backtracer::disable()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock{mutex_};
+    enabled_.store(false, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE bool backtracer::enabled() const
+{
+    return enabled_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void backtracer::push_back(const log_msg &msg)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock{mutex_};
+    messages_.push_back(log_msg_buffer{msg});
+}
+
+// pop all items in the q and apply the given fun on each of them.
+SPDLOG_INLINE void backtracer::foreach_pop(std::function<void(const details::log_msg &)> fun)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock{mutex_};
+    while (!messages_.empty())
+    {
+        auto &front_msg = messages_.front();
+        fun(front_msg);
+        messages_.pop_front();
+    }
+}
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/backtracer.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/backtracer.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1da5d4c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/backtracer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg_buffer.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/circular_q.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <functional>
+
+// Store log messages in circular buffer.
+// Useful for storing debug data in case of error/warning happens.
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+class SPDLOG_API backtracer
+{
+    mutable std::mutex mutex_;
+    std::atomic<bool> enabled_{false};
+    circular_q<log_msg_buffer> messages_;
+
+public:
+    backtracer() = default;
+    backtracer(const backtracer &other);
+
+    backtracer(backtracer &&other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+    backtracer &operator=(backtracer other);
+
+    void enable(size_t size);
+    void disable();
+    bool enabled() const;
+    void push_back(const log_msg &msg);
+
+    // pop all items in the q and apply the given fun on each of them.
+    void foreach_pop(std::function<void(const details::log_msg &)> fun);
+};
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "backtracer-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/circular_q.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/circular_q.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1f2712e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/circular_q.h
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+// circular q view of std::vector.
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+template<typename T>
+class circular_q
+{
+    size_t max_items_ = 0;
+    typename std::vector<T>::size_type head_ = 0;
+    typename std::vector<T>::size_type tail_ = 0;
+    size_t overrun_counter_ = 0;
+    std::vector<T> v_;
+
+public:
+    using value_type = T;
+
+    // empty ctor - create a disabled queue with no elements allocated at all
+    circular_q() = default;
+
+    explicit circular_q(size_t max_items)
+        : max_items_(max_items + 1) // one item is reserved as marker for full q
+        , v_(max_items_)
+    {}
+
+    circular_q(const circular_q &) = default;
+    circular_q &operator=(const circular_q &) = default;
+
+    // move cannot be default,
+    // since we need to reset head_, tail_, etc to zero in the moved object
+    circular_q(circular_q &&other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        copy_moveable(std::move(other));
+    }
+
+    circular_q &operator=(circular_q &&other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        copy_moveable(std::move(other));
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // push back, overrun (oldest) item if no room left
+    void push_back(T &&item)
+    {
+        if (max_items_ > 0)
+        {
+            v_[tail_] = std::move(item);
+            tail_ = (tail_ + 1) % max_items_;
+
+            if (tail_ == head_) // overrun last item if full
+            {
+                head_ = (head_ + 1) % max_items_;
+                ++overrun_counter_;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Return reference to the front item.
+    // If there are no elements in the container, the behavior is undefined.
+    const T &front() const
+    {
+        return v_[head_];
+    }
+
+    T &front()
+    {
+        return v_[head_];
+    }
+
+    // Return number of elements actually stored
+    size_t size() const
+    {
+        if (tail_ >= head_)
+        {
+            return tail_ - head_;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return max_items_ - (head_ - tail_);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Return const reference to item by index.
+    // If index is out of range 0…size()-1, the behavior is undefined.
+    const T &at(size_t i) const
+    {
+        assert(i < size());
+        return v_[(head_ + i) % max_items_];
+    }
+
+    // Pop item from front.
+    // If there are no elements in the container, the behavior is undefined.
+    void pop_front()
+    {
+        head_ = (head_ + 1) % max_items_;
+    }
+
+    bool empty() const
+    {
+        return tail_ == head_;
+    }
+
+    bool full() const
+    {
+        // head is ahead of the tail by 1
+        if (max_items_ > 0)
+        {
+            return ((tail_ + 1) % max_items_) == head_;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    size_t overrun_counter() const
+    {
+        return overrun_counter_;
+    }
+
+private:
+    // copy from other&& and reset it to disabled state
+    void copy_moveable(circular_q &&other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        max_items_ = other.max_items_;
+        head_ = other.head_;
+        tail_ = other.tail_;
+        overrun_counter_ = other.overrun_counter_;
+        v_ = std::move(other.v_);
+
+        // put &&other in disabled, but valid state
+        other.max_items_ = 0;
+        other.head_ = other.tail_ = 0;
+        other.overrun_counter_ = 0;
+    }
+};
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/console_globals.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/console_globals.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..665201dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/console_globals.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+struct console_mutex
+{
+    using mutex_t = std::mutex;
+    static mutex_t &mutex()
+    {
+        static mutex_t s_mutex;
+        return s_mutex;
+    }
+};
+
+struct console_nullmutex
+{
+    using mutex_t = null_mutex;
+    static mutex_t &mutex()
+    {
+        static mutex_t s_mutex;
+        return s_mutex;
+    }
+};
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/file_helper-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/file_helper-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..30f3cf55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/file_helper-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/details/file_helper.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <tuple>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE file_helper::~file_helper()
+{
+    close();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void file_helper::open(const filename_t &fname, bool truncate)
+{
+    close();
+    filename_ = fname;
+
+    auto *mode = SPDLOG_FILENAME_T("ab");
+    auto *trunc_mode = SPDLOG_FILENAME_T("wb");
+
+    for (int tries = 0; tries < open_tries_; ++tries)
+    {
+        // create containing folder if not exists already.
+        os::create_dir(os::dir_name(fname));
+        if (truncate)
+        {
+            // Truncate by opening-and-closing a tmp file in "wb" mode, always
+            // opening the actual log-we-write-to in "ab" mode, since that
+            // interacts more politely with eternal processes that might
+            // rotate/truncate the file underneath us.
+            std::FILE *tmp;
+            if (os::fopen_s(&tmp, fname, trunc_mode))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+            std::fclose(tmp);
+        }
+        if (!os::fopen_s(&fd_, fname, mode))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        details::os::sleep_for_millis(open_interval_);
+    }
+
+    throw_spdlog_ex("Failed opening file " + os::filename_to_str(filename_) + " for writing", errno);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void file_helper::reopen(bool truncate)
+{
+    if (filename_.empty())
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("Failed re opening file - was not opened before");
+    }
+    this->open(filename_, truncate);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void file_helper::flush()
+{
+    std::fflush(fd_);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void file_helper::close()
+{
+    if (fd_ != nullptr)
+    {
+        std::fclose(fd_);
+        fd_ = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void file_helper::write(const memory_buf_t &buf)
+{
+    size_t msg_size = buf.size();
+    auto data = buf.data();
+    if (std::fwrite(data, 1, msg_size, fd_) != msg_size)
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("Failed writing to file " + os::filename_to_str(filename_), errno);
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE size_t file_helper::size() const
+{
+    if (fd_ == nullptr)
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("Cannot use size() on closed file " + os::filename_to_str(filename_));
+    }
+    return os::filesize(fd_);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE const filename_t &file_helper::filename() const
+{
+    return filename_;
+}
+
+//
+// return file path and its extension:
+//
+// "mylog.txt" => ("mylog", ".txt")
+// "mylog" => ("mylog", "")
+// "mylog." => ("mylog.", "")
+// "/dir1/dir2/mylog.txt" => ("/dir1/dir2/mylog", ".txt")
+//
+// the starting dot in filenames is ignored (hidden files):
+//
+// ".mylog" => (".mylog". "")
+// "my_folder/.mylog" => ("my_folder/.mylog", "")
+// "my_folder/.mylog.txt" => ("my_folder/.mylog", ".txt")
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::tuple<filename_t, filename_t> file_helper::split_by_extension(const filename_t &fname)
+{
+    auto ext_index = fname.rfind('.');
+
+    // no valid extension found - return whole path and empty string as
+    // extension
+    if (ext_index == filename_t::npos || ext_index == 0 || ext_index == fname.size() - 1)
+    {
+        return std::make_tuple(fname, filename_t());
+    }
+
+    // treat cases like "/etc/rc.d/somelogfile or "/abc/.hiddenfile"
+    auto folder_index = fname.find_last_of(details::os::folder_seps_filename);
+    if (folder_index != filename_t::npos && folder_index >= ext_index - 1)
+    {
+        return std::make_tuple(fname, filename_t());
+    }
+
+    // finally - return a valid base and extension tuple
+    return std::make_tuple(fname.substr(0, ext_index), fname.substr(ext_index));
+}
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/file_helper.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/file_helper.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5395d9cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/file_helper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <tuple>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+// Helper class for file sinks.
+// When failing to open a file, retry several times(5) with a delay interval(10 ms).
+// Throw spdlog_ex exception on errors.
+
+class SPDLOG_API file_helper
+{
+public:
+    explicit file_helper() = default;
+
+    file_helper(const file_helper &) = delete;
+    file_helper &operator=(const file_helper &) = delete;
+    ~file_helper();
+
+    void open(const filename_t &fname, bool truncate = false);
+    void reopen(bool truncate);
+    void flush();
+    void close();
+    void write(const memory_buf_t &buf);
+    size_t size() const;
+    const filename_t &filename() const;
+
+    //
+    // return file path and its extension:
+    //
+    // "mylog.txt" => ("mylog", ".txt")
+    // "mylog" => ("mylog", "")
+    // "mylog." => ("mylog.", "")
+    // "/dir1/dir2/mylog.txt" => ("/dir1/dir2/mylog", ".txt")
+    //
+    // the starting dot in filenames is ignored (hidden files):
+    //
+    // ".mylog" => (".mylog". "")
+    // "my_folder/.mylog" => ("my_folder/.mylog", "")
+    // "my_folder/.mylog.txt" => ("my_folder/.mylog", ".txt")
+    static std::tuple<filename_t, filename_t> split_by_extension(const filename_t &fname);
+
+private:
+    const int open_tries_ = 5;
+    const int open_interval_ = 10;
+    std::FILE *fd_{nullptr};
+    filename_t filename_;
+};
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "file_helper-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/fmt_helper.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/fmt_helper.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5dc311a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/fmt_helper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <spdlog/fmt/fmt.h>
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+
+// Some fmt helpers to efficiently format and pad ints and strings
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+namespace fmt_helper {
+
+inline spdlog::string_view_t to_string_view(const memory_buf_t &buf) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    return spdlog::string_view_t{buf.data(), buf.size()};
+}
+
+inline void append_string_view(spdlog::string_view_t view, memory_buf_t &dest)
+{
+    auto *buf_ptr = view.data();
+    dest.append(buf_ptr, buf_ptr + view.size());
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void append_int(T n, memory_buf_t &dest)
+{
+    fmt::format_int i(n);
+    dest.append(i.data(), i.data() + i.size());
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline unsigned int count_digits(T n)
+{
+    using count_type = typename std::conditional<(sizeof(T) > sizeof(uint32_t)), uint64_t, uint32_t>::type;
+    return static_cast<unsigned int>(fmt::
+// fmt 7.0.0 renamed the internal namespace to detail.
+// See: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1538
+#if FMT_VERSION < 70000
+            internal
+#else
+            detail
+#endif
+        ::count_digits(static_cast<count_type>(n)));
+}
+
+inline void pad2(int n, memory_buf_t &dest)
+{
+    if (n >= 0 && n < 100) // 0-99
+    {
+        dest.push_back(static_cast<char>('0' + n / 10));
+        dest.push_back(static_cast<char>('0' + n % 10));
+    }
+    else // unlikely, but just in case, let fmt deal with it
+    {
+        fmt::format_to(dest, "{:02}", n);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void pad_uint(T n, unsigned int width, memory_buf_t &dest)
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_unsigned<T>::value, "pad_uint must get unsigned T");
+    for (auto digits = count_digits(n); digits < width; digits++)
+    {
+        dest.push_back('0');
+    }
+    append_int(n, dest);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void pad3(T n, memory_buf_t &dest)
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_unsigned<T>::value, "pad3 must get unsigned T");
+    if (n < 1000)
+    {
+        dest.push_back(static_cast<char>(n / 100 + '0'));
+        n = n % 100;
+        dest.push_back(static_cast<char>((n / 10) + '0'));
+        dest.push_back(static_cast<char>((n % 10) + '0'));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        append_int(n, dest);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void pad6(T n, memory_buf_t &dest)
+{
+    pad_uint(n, 6, dest);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void pad9(T n, memory_buf_t &dest)
+{
+    pad_uint(n, 9, dest);
+}
+
+// return fraction of a second of the given time_point.
+// e.g.
+// fraction<std::milliseconds>(tp) -> will return the millis part of the second
+template<typename ToDuration>
+inline ToDuration time_fraction(log_clock::time_point tp)
+{
+    using std::chrono::duration_cast;
+    using std::chrono::seconds;
+    auto duration = tp.time_since_epoch();
+    auto secs = duration_cast<seconds>(duration);
+    return duration_cast<ToDuration>(duration) - duration_cast<ToDuration>(secs);
+}
+
+} // namespace fmt_helper
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..af11e0da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE log_msg::log_msg(spdlog::log_clock::time_point log_time, spdlog::source_loc loc, string_view_t a_logger_name,
+    spdlog::level::level_enum lvl, spdlog::string_view_t msg)
+    : logger_name(a_logger_name)
+    , level(lvl)
+    , time(log_time)
+#ifndef SPDLOG_NO_THREAD_ID
+    , thread_id(os::thread_id())
+#endif
+    , source(loc)
+    , payload(msg)
+{}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE log_msg::log_msg(
+    spdlog::source_loc loc, string_view_t a_logger_name, spdlog::level::level_enum lvl, spdlog::string_view_t msg)
+    : log_msg(os::now(), loc, a_logger_name, lvl, msg)
+{}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE log_msg::log_msg(string_view_t a_logger_name, spdlog::level::level_enum lvl, spdlog::string_view_t msg)
+    : log_msg(os::now(), source_loc{}, a_logger_name, lvl, msg)
+{}
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..834ca4df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+struct SPDLOG_API log_msg
+{
+    log_msg() = default;
+    log_msg(log_clock::time_point log_time, source_loc loc, string_view_t logger_name, level::level_enum lvl, string_view_t msg);
+    log_msg(source_loc loc, string_view_t logger_name, level::level_enum lvl, string_view_t msg);
+    log_msg(string_view_t logger_name, level::level_enum lvl, string_view_t msg);
+    log_msg(const log_msg &other) = default;
+
+    string_view_t logger_name;
+    level::level_enum level{level::off};
+    log_clock::time_point time;
+    size_t thread_id{0};
+
+    // wrapping the formatted text with color (updated by pattern_formatter).
+    mutable size_t color_range_start{0};
+    mutable size_t color_range_end{0};
+
+    source_loc source;
+    string_view_t payload;
+};
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "log_msg-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg_buffer-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg_buffer-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ca9429bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg_buffer-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg_buffer.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE log_msg_buffer::log_msg_buffer(const log_msg &orig_msg)
+    : log_msg{orig_msg}
+{
+    buffer.append(logger_name.begin(), logger_name.end());
+    buffer.append(payload.begin(), payload.end());
+    update_string_views();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE log_msg_buffer::log_msg_buffer(const log_msg_buffer &other)
+    : log_msg{other}
+{
+    buffer.append(logger_name.begin(), logger_name.end());
+    buffer.append(payload.begin(), payload.end());
+    update_string_views();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE log_msg_buffer::log_msg_buffer(log_msg_buffer &&other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT 
+    : log_msg{other}
+    , buffer{std::move(other.buffer)}
+{
+    update_string_views();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE log_msg_buffer &log_msg_buffer::operator=(const log_msg_buffer &other)
+{
+    log_msg::operator=(other);
+    buffer.clear();
+    buffer.append(other.buffer.data(), other.buffer.data() + other.buffer.size());
+    update_string_views();
+    return *this;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE log_msg_buffer &log_msg_buffer::operator=(log_msg_buffer &&other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    log_msg::operator=(other);
+    buffer = std::move(other.buffer);
+    update_string_views();
+    return *this;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void log_msg_buffer::update_string_views()
+{
+    logger_name = string_view_t{buffer.data(), logger_name.size()};
+    payload = string_view_t{buffer.data() + logger_name.size(), payload.size()};
+}
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg_buffer.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg_buffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4410110f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/log_msg_buffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+// Extend log_msg with internal buffer to store its payload.
+// This is needed since log_msg holds string_views that points to stack data.
+
+class SPDLOG_API log_msg_buffer : public log_msg
+{
+    memory_buf_t buffer;
+    void update_string_views();
+
+public:
+    log_msg_buffer() = default;
+    explicit log_msg_buffer(const log_msg &orig_msg);
+    log_msg_buffer(const log_msg_buffer &other);
+    log_msg_buffer(log_msg_buffer &&other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+    log_msg_buffer &operator=(const log_msg_buffer &other);
+    log_msg_buffer &operator=(log_msg_buffer &&other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+};
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "log_msg_buffer-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/mpmc_blocking_q.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/mpmc_blocking_q.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5c3cca76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/mpmc_blocking_q.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+// multi producer-multi consumer blocking queue.
+// enqueue(..) - will block until room found to put the new message.
+// enqueue_nowait(..) - will return immediately with false if no room left in
+// the queue.
+// dequeue_for(..) - will block until the queue is not empty or timeout have
+// passed.
+
+#include <spdlog/details/circular_q.h>
+
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+template<typename T>
+class mpmc_blocking_queue
+{
+public:
+    using item_type = T;
+    explicit mpmc_blocking_queue(size_t max_items)
+        : q_(max_items)
+    {}
+
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
+    // try to enqueue and block if no room left
+    void enqueue(T &&item)
+    {
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex_);
+            pop_cv_.wait(lock, [this] { return !this->q_.full(); });
+            q_.push_back(std::move(item));
+        }
+        push_cv_.notify_one();
+    }
+
+    // enqueue immediately. overrun oldest message in the queue if no room left.
+    void enqueue_nowait(T &&item)
+    {
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex_);
+            q_.push_back(std::move(item));
+        }
+        push_cv_.notify_one();
+    }
+
+    // try to dequeue item. if no item found. wait upto timeout and try again
+    // Return true, if succeeded dequeue item, false otherwise
+    bool dequeue_for(T &popped_item, std::chrono::milliseconds wait_duration)
+    {
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex_);
+            if (!push_cv_.wait_for(lock, wait_duration, [this] { return !this->q_.empty(); }))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+            popped_item = std::move(q_.front());
+            q_.pop_front();
+        }
+        pop_cv_.notify_one();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+#else
+    // apparently mingw deadlocks if the mutex is released before cv.notify_one(),
+    // so release the mutex at the very end each function.
+
+    // try to enqueue and block if no room left
+    void enqueue(T &&item)
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex_);
+        pop_cv_.wait(lock, [this] { return !this->q_.full(); });
+        q_.push_back(std::move(item));
+        push_cv_.notify_one();
+    }
+
+    // enqueue immediately. overrun oldest message in the queue if no room left.
+    void enqueue_nowait(T &&item)
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex_);
+        q_.push_back(std::move(item));
+        push_cv_.notify_one();
+    }
+
+    // try to dequeue item. if no item found. wait upto timeout and try again
+    // Return true, if succeeded dequeue item, false otherwise
+    bool dequeue_for(T &popped_item, std::chrono::milliseconds wait_duration)
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex_);
+        if (!push_cv_.wait_for(lock, wait_duration, [this] { return !this->q_.empty(); }))
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        popped_item = std::move(q_.front());
+        q_.pop_front();
+        pop_cv_.notify_one();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    size_t overrun_counter()
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex_);
+        return q_.overrun_counter();
+    }
+
+    size_t size()
+    {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(queue_mutex_);
+        return q_.size();
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::mutex queue_mutex_;
+    std::condition_variable push_cv_;
+    std::condition_variable pop_cv_;
+    spdlog::details::circular_q<T> q_;
+};
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/null_mutex.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/null_mutex.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..83533d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/null_mutex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <utility>
+// null, no cost dummy "mutex" and dummy "atomic" int
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+struct null_mutex
+{
+    void lock() const {}
+    void unlock() const {}
+    bool try_lock() const
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+struct null_atomic_int
+{
+    int value;
+    null_atomic_int() = default;
+
+    explicit null_atomic_int(int new_value)
+        : value(new_value)
+    {}
+
+    int load(std::memory_order = std::memory_order_relaxed) const
+    {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    void store(int new_value, std::memory_order = std::memory_order_relaxed)
+    {
+        value = new_value;
+    }
+
+    int exchange(int new_value, std::memory_order = std::memory_order_relaxed)
+    {
+        std::swap(new_value, value);
+        return new_value; // return value before the call
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/os-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/os-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a701e13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/os-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <array>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#include <io.h>      // _get_osfhandle and _isatty support
+#include <process.h> //  _get_pid support
+#include <spdlog/details/windows_include.h>
+
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+#include <share.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT) || defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES)
+#include <limits>
+#endif
+
+#include <direct.h> // for _mkdir/_wmkdir
+
+#else // unix
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifdef __linux__
+#include <sys/syscall.h> //Use gettid() syscall under linux to get thread id
+
+#elif defined(_AIX)
+#include <pthread.h> // for pthread_getthreadid_np
+
+#elif defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#include <pthread_np.h> // for pthread_getthreadid_np
+
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
+#include <lwp.h> // for _lwp_self
+
+#elif defined(__sun)
+#include <thread.h> // for thr_self
+#endif
+
+#endif // unix
+
+#ifndef __has_feature      // Clang - feature checking macros.
+#define __has_feature(x) 0 // Compatibility with non-clang compilers.
+#endif
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+namespace os {
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::log_clock::time_point now() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+
+#if defined __linux__ && defined SPDLOG_CLOCK_COARSE
+    timespec ts;
+    ::clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE, &ts);
+    return std::chrono::time_point<log_clock, typename log_clock::duration>(
+        std::chrono::duration_cast<typename log_clock::duration>(std::chrono::seconds(ts.tv_sec) + std::chrono::nanoseconds(ts.tv_nsec)));
+
+#else
+    return log_clock::now();
+#endif
+}
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::tm localtime(const std::time_t &time_tt) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    std::tm tm;
+    ::localtime_s(&tm, &time_tt);
+#else
+    std::tm tm;
+    ::localtime_r(&time_tt, &tm);
+#endif
+    return tm;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::tm localtime() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    std::time_t now_t = ::time(nullptr);
+    return localtime(now_t);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::tm gmtime(const std::time_t &time_tt) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    std::tm tm;
+    ::gmtime_s(&tm, &time_tt);
+#else
+    std::tm tm;
+    ::gmtime_r(&time_tt, &tm);
+#endif
+    return tm;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::tm gmtime() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    std::time_t now_t = ::time(nullptr);
+    return gmtime(now_t);
+}
+
+// fopen_s on non windows for writing
+SPDLOG_INLINE bool fopen_s(FILE **fp, const filename_t &filename, const filename_t &mode)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES
+    *fp = ::_wfsopen((filename.c_str()), mode.c_str(), _SH_DENYNO);
+#else
+    *fp = ::_fsopen((filename.c_str()), mode.c_str(), _SH_DENYNO);
+#endif
+#if defined(SPDLOG_PREVENT_CHILD_FD)
+    if (*fp != nullptr)
+    {
+        auto file_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(_get_osfhandle(::_fileno(*fp)));
+        if (!::SetHandleInformation(file_handle, HANDLE_FLAG_INHERIT, 0))
+        {
+            ::fclose(*fp);
+            *fp = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+#else // unix
+#if defined(SPDLOG_PREVENT_CHILD_FD)
+    const int mode_flag = mode == SPDLOG_FILENAME_T("ab") ? O_APPEND : O_TRUNC;
+    const int fd = ::open((filename.c_str()), O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC | mode_flag, mode_t(0644));
+    if (fd == -1)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    *fp = ::fdopen(fd, mode.c_str());
+    if (*fp == nullptr)
+    {
+        ::close(fd);
+    }
+#else
+    *fp = ::fopen((filename.c_str()), mode.c_str());
+#endif
+#endif
+
+    return *fp == nullptr;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE int remove(const filename_t &filename) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES)
+    return ::_wremove(filename.c_str());
+#else
+    return std::remove(filename.c_str());
+#endif
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE int remove_if_exists(const filename_t &filename) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    return path_exists(filename) ? remove(filename) : 0;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE int rename(const filename_t &filename1, const filename_t &filename2) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES)
+    return ::_wrename(filename1.c_str(), filename2.c_str());
+#else
+    return std::rename(filename1.c_str(), filename2.c_str());
+#endif
+}
+
+// Return true if path exists (file or directory)
+SPDLOG_INLINE bool path_exists(const filename_t &filename) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES
+    auto attribs = ::GetFileAttributesW(filename.c_str());
+#else
+    auto attribs = ::GetFileAttributesA(filename.c_str());
+#endif
+    return attribs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
+#else // common linux/unix all have the stat system call
+    struct stat buffer;
+    return (::stat(filename.c_str(), &buffer) == 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Return file size according to open FILE* object
+SPDLOG_INLINE size_t filesize(FILE *f)
+{
+    if (f == nullptr)
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("Failed getting file size. fd is null");
+    }
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+    int fd = ::_fileno(f);
+#if _WIN64 // 64 bits
+    __int64 ret = ::_filelengthi64(fd);
+    if (ret >= 0)
+    {
+        return static_cast<size_t>(ret);
+    }
+
+#else // windows 32 bits
+    long ret = ::_filelength(fd);
+    if (ret >= 0)
+    {
+        return static_cast<size_t>(ret);
+    }
+#endif
+
+#else // unix
+// OpenBSD doesn't compile with :: before the fileno(..)
+#if defined(__OpenBSD__)
+    int fd = fileno(f);
+#else
+    int fd = ::fileno(f);
+#endif
+// 64 bits(but not in osx or cygwin, where fstat64 is deprecated)
+#if (defined(__linux__) || defined(__sun) || defined(_AIX)) && (defined(__LP64__) || defined(_LP64))
+    struct stat64 st;
+    if (::fstat64(fd, &st) == 0)
+    {
+        return static_cast<size_t>(st.st_size);
+    }
+#else // other unix or linux 32 bits or cygwin
+    struct stat st;
+    if (::fstat(fd, &st) == 0)
+    {
+        return static_cast<size_t>(st.st_size);
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+    throw_spdlog_ex("Failed getting file size from fd", errno);
+    return 0; // will not be reached.
+}
+
+// Return utc offset in minutes or throw spdlog_ex on failure
+SPDLOG_INLINE int utc_minutes_offset(const std::tm &tm)
+{
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#if _WIN32_WINNT < _WIN32_WINNT_WS08
+    TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION tzinfo;
+    auto rv = ::GetTimeZoneInformation(&tzinfo);
+#else
+    DYNAMIC_TIME_ZONE_INFORMATION tzinfo;
+    auto rv = ::GetDynamicTimeZoneInformation(&tzinfo);
+#endif
+    if (rv == TIME_ZONE_ID_INVALID)
+        throw_spdlog_ex("Failed getting timezone info. ", errno);
+
+    int offset = -tzinfo.Bias;
+    if (tm.tm_isdst)
+    {
+        offset -= tzinfo.DaylightBias;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        offset -= tzinfo.StandardBias;
+    }
+    return offset;
+#else
+
+#if defined(sun) || defined(__sun) || defined(_AIX) || (!defined(_BSD_SOURCE) && !defined(_GNU_SOURCE))
+    // 'tm_gmtoff' field is BSD extension and it's missing on SunOS/Solaris
+    struct helper
+    {
+        static long int calculate_gmt_offset(const std::tm &localtm = details::os::localtime(), const std::tm &gmtm = details::os::gmtime())
+        {
+            int local_year = localtm.tm_year + (1900 - 1);
+            int gmt_year = gmtm.tm_year + (1900 - 1);
+
+            long int days = (
+                // difference in day of year
+                localtm.tm_yday -
+                gmtm.tm_yday
+
+                // + intervening leap days
+                + ((local_year >> 2) - (gmt_year >> 2)) - (local_year / 100 - gmt_year / 100) +
+                ((local_year / 100 >> 2) - (gmt_year / 100 >> 2))
+
+                // + difference in years * 365 */
+                + (long int)(local_year - gmt_year) * 365);
+
+            long int hours = (24 * days) + (localtm.tm_hour - gmtm.tm_hour);
+            long int mins = (60 * hours) + (localtm.tm_min - gmtm.tm_min);
+            long int secs = (60 * mins) + (localtm.tm_sec - gmtm.tm_sec);
+
+            return secs;
+        }
+    };
+
+    auto offset_seconds = helper::calculate_gmt_offset(tm);
+#else
+    auto offset_seconds = tm.tm_gmtoff;
+#endif
+
+    return static_cast<int>(offset_seconds / 60);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Return current thread id as size_t
+// It exists because the std::this_thread::get_id() is much slower(especially
+// under VS 2013)
+SPDLOG_INLINE size_t _thread_id() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    return static_cast<size_t>(::GetCurrentThreadId());
+#elif defined(__linux__)
+#if defined(__ANDROID__) && defined(__ANDROID_API__) && (__ANDROID_API__ < 21)
+#define SYS_gettid __NR_gettid
+#endif
+    return static_cast<size_t>(::syscall(SYS_gettid));
+#elif defined(_AIX) || defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__FreeBSD__)
+    return static_cast<size_t>(::pthread_getthreadid_np());
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
+    return static_cast<size_t>(::_lwp_self());
+#elif defined(__OpenBSD__)
+    return static_cast<size_t>(::getthrid());
+#elif defined(__sun)
+    return static_cast<size_t>(::thr_self());
+#elif __APPLE__
+    uint64_t tid;
+    pthread_threadid_np(nullptr, &tid);
+    return static_cast<size_t>(tid);
+#else // Default to standard C++11 (other Unix)
+    return static_cast<size_t>(std::hash<std::thread::id>()(std::this_thread::get_id()));
+#endif
+}
+
+// Return current thread id as size_t (from thread local storage)
+SPDLOG_INLINE size_t thread_id() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+#if defined(SPDLOG_NO_TLS)
+    return _thread_id();
+#else // cache thread id in tls
+    static thread_local const size_t tid = _thread_id();
+    return tid;
+#endif
+}
+
+// This is avoid msvc issue in sleep_for that happens if the clock changes.
+// See https://github.com/gabime/spdlog/issues/609
+SPDLOG_INLINE void sleep_for_millis(int milliseconds) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    ::Sleep(milliseconds);
+#else
+    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(milliseconds));
+#endif
+}
+
+// wchar support for windows file names (SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES must be defined)
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES)
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::string filename_to_str(const filename_t &filename)
+{
+    memory_buf_t buf;
+    wstr_to_utf8buf(filename, buf);
+    return fmt::to_string(buf);
+}
+#else
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::string filename_to_str(const filename_t &filename)
+{
+    return filename;
+}
+#endif
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE int pid() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    return static_cast<int>(::GetCurrentProcessId());
+#else
+    return static_cast<int>(::getpid());
+#endif
+}
+
+// Determine if the terminal supports colors
+// Based on: https://github.com/agauniyal/rang/
+SPDLOG_INLINE bool is_color_terminal() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    return true;
+#else
+
+    static const bool result = []() {
+        const char *env_colorterm_p = std::getenv("COLORTERM");
+        if (env_colorterm_p != nullptr)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        static constexpr std::array<const char *, 15> terms = {{"ansi", "color", "console", "cygwin", "gnome", "konsole", "kterm", "linux",
+            "msys", "putty", "rxvt", "screen", "vt100", "xterm", "alacritty"}};
+
+        const char *env_term_p = std::getenv("TERM");
+        if (env_term_p == nullptr)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return std::any_of(terms.begin(), terms.end(), [&](const char *term) { return std::strstr(env_term_p, term) != nullptr; });
+    }();
+
+    return result;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Determine if the terminal attached
+// Source: https://github.com/agauniyal/rang/
+SPDLOG_INLINE bool in_terminal(FILE *file) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    return ::_isatty(_fileno(file)) != 0;
+#else
+    return ::isatty(fileno(file)) != 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+#if (defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT) || defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES)) && defined(_WIN32)
+SPDLOG_INLINE void wstr_to_utf8buf(wstring_view_t wstr, memory_buf_t &target)
+{
+    if (wstr.size() > static_cast<size_t>((std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) / 2 - 1)
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("UTF-16 string is too big to be converted to UTF-8");
+    }
+
+    int wstr_size = static_cast<int>(wstr.size());
+    if (wstr_size == 0)
+    {
+        target.resize(0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int result_size = static_cast<int>(target.capacity());
+    if ((wstr_size + 1) * 2 > result_size)
+    {
+        result_size = ::WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr.data(), wstr_size, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+    }
+
+    if (result_size > 0)
+    {
+        target.resize(result_size);
+        result_size = ::WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wstr.data(), wstr_size, target.data(), result_size, NULL, NULL);
+
+        if (result_size > 0)
+        {
+            target.resize(result_size);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    throw_spdlog_ex(fmt::format("WideCharToMultiByte failed. Last error: {}", ::GetLastError()));
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void utf8_to_wstrbuf(string_view_t str, wmemory_buf_t &target)
+{
+    if (str.size() > static_cast<size_t>((std::numeric_limits<int>::max)()) - 1)
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("UTF-8 string is too big to be converted to UTF-16");
+    }
+
+    int str_size = static_cast<int>(str.size());
+    if (str_size == 0)
+    {
+        target.resize(0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int result_size = static_cast<int>(target.capacity());
+    if (str_size + 1 > result_size)
+    {
+        result_size = ::MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, str.data(), str_size, NULL, 0);
+    }
+
+    if (result_size > 0)
+    {
+        target.resize(result_size);
+        result_size = ::MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS, str.data(), str_size, target.data(), result_size);
+
+        if (result_size > 0)
+        {
+            target.resize(result_size);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    throw_spdlog_ex(fmt::format("MultiByteToWideChar failed. Last error: {}", ::GetLastError()));
+}
+#endif // (defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT) || defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES)) && defined(_WIN32)
+
+// return true on success
+static SPDLOG_INLINE bool mkdir_(const filename_t &path)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES
+    return ::_wmkdir(path.c_str()) == 0;
+#else
+    return ::_mkdir(path.c_str()) == 0;
+#endif
+#else
+    return ::mkdir(path.c_str(), mode_t(0755)) == 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+// create the given directory - and all directories leading to it
+// return true on success or if the directory already exists
+SPDLOG_INLINE bool create_dir(filename_t path)
+{
+    if (path_exists(path))
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (path.empty())
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    size_t search_offset = 0;
+    do
+    {
+        auto token_pos = path.find_first_of(folder_seps_filename, search_offset);
+        // treat the entire path as a folder if no folder separator not found
+        if (token_pos == filename_t::npos)
+        {
+            token_pos = path.size();
+        }
+
+        auto subdir = path.substr(0, token_pos);
+
+        if (!subdir.empty() && !path_exists(subdir) && !mkdir_(subdir))
+        {
+            return false; // return error if failed creating dir
+        }
+        search_offset = token_pos + 1;
+    } while (search_offset < path.size());
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Return directory name from given path or empty string
+// "abc/file" => "abc"
+// "abc/" => "abc"
+// "abc" => ""
+// "abc///" => "abc//"
+SPDLOG_INLINE filename_t dir_name(filename_t path)
+{
+    auto pos = path.find_last_of(folder_seps_filename);
+    return pos != filename_t::npos ? path.substr(0, pos) : filename_t{};
+}
+
+std::string SPDLOG_INLINE getenv(const char *field)
+{
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#if defined(__cplusplus_winrt)
+    return std::string{}; // not supported under uwp
+#else
+    size_t len = 0;
+    char buf[128];
+    bool ok = ::getenv_s(&len, buf, sizeof(buf), field) == 0;
+    return ok ? buf : std::string{};
+#endif
+#else // revert to getenv
+    char *buf = ::getenv(field);
+    return buf ? buf : std::string{};
+#endif
+}
+
+} // namespace os
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/os.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/os.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9fda1447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/os.h
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <ctime> // std::time_t
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+namespace os {
+
+SPDLOG_API spdlog::log_clock::time_point now() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+SPDLOG_API std::tm localtime(const std::time_t &time_tt) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+SPDLOG_API std::tm localtime() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+SPDLOG_API std::tm gmtime(const std::time_t &time_tt) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+SPDLOG_API std::tm gmtime() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+// eol definition
+#if !defined(SPDLOG_EOL)
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define SPDLOG_EOL "\r\n"
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_EOL "\n"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+SPDLOG_CONSTEXPR static const char *default_eol = SPDLOG_EOL;
+
+// folder separator
+#if !defined(SPDLOG_FOLDER_SEPS)
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define SPDLOG_FOLDER_SEPS "\\/"
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_FOLDER_SEPS "/"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+SPDLOG_CONSTEXPR static const char folder_seps[] = SPDLOG_FOLDER_SEPS;
+SPDLOG_CONSTEXPR static const filename_t::value_type folder_seps_filename[] = SPDLOG_FILENAME_T(SPDLOG_FOLDER_SEPS);
+
+// fopen_s on non windows for writing
+SPDLOG_API bool fopen_s(FILE **fp, const filename_t &filename, const filename_t &mode);
+
+// Remove filename. return 0 on success
+SPDLOG_API int remove(const filename_t &filename) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+// Remove file if exists. return 0 on success
+// Note: Non atomic (might return failure to delete if concurrently deleted by other process/thread)
+SPDLOG_API int remove_if_exists(const filename_t &filename) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+SPDLOG_API int rename(const filename_t &filename1, const filename_t &filename2) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+// Return if file exists.
+SPDLOG_API bool path_exists(const filename_t &filename) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+// Return file size according to open FILE* object
+SPDLOG_API size_t filesize(FILE *f);
+
+// Return utc offset in minutes or throw spdlog_ex on failure
+SPDLOG_API int utc_minutes_offset(const std::tm &tm = details::os::localtime());
+
+// Return current thread id as size_t
+// It exists because the std::this_thread::get_id() is much slower(especially
+// under VS 2013)
+SPDLOG_API size_t _thread_id() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+// Return current thread id as size_t (from thread local storage)
+SPDLOG_API size_t thread_id() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+// This is avoid msvc issue in sleep_for that happens if the clock changes.
+// See https://github.com/gabime/spdlog/issues/609
+SPDLOG_API void sleep_for_millis(int milliseconds) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+SPDLOG_API std::string filename_to_str(const filename_t &filename);
+
+SPDLOG_API int pid() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+// Determine if the terminal supports colors
+// Source: https://github.com/agauniyal/rang/
+SPDLOG_API bool is_color_terminal() SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+// Determine if the terminal attached
+// Source: https://github.com/agauniyal/rang/
+SPDLOG_API bool in_terminal(FILE *file) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+#if (defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT) || defined(SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES)) && defined(_WIN32)
+SPDLOG_API void wstr_to_utf8buf(wstring_view_t wstr, memory_buf_t &target);
+
+SPDLOG_API void utf8_to_wstrbuf(string_view_t str, wmemory_buf_t &target);
+#endif
+
+// Return directory name from given path or empty string
+// "abc/file" => "abc"
+// "abc/" => "abc"
+// "abc" => ""
+// "abc///" => "abc//"
+SPDLOG_API filename_t dir_name(filename_t path);
+
+// Create a dir from the given path.
+// Return true if succeeded or if this dir already exists.
+SPDLOG_API bool create_dir(filename_t path);
+
+// non thread safe, cross platform getenv/getenv_s
+// return empty string if field not found
+SPDLOG_API std::string getenv(const char *field);
+
+} // namespace os
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "os-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/periodic_worker-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/periodic_worker-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1d794994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/periodic_worker-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/details/periodic_worker.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE periodic_worker::periodic_worker(const std::function<void()> &callback_fun, std::chrono::seconds interval)
+{
+    active_ = (interval > std::chrono::seconds::zero());
+    if (!active_)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    worker_thread_ = std::thread([this, callback_fun, interval]() {
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(this->mutex_);
+            if (this->cv_.wait_for(lock, interval, [this] { return !this->active_; }))
+            {
+                return; // active_ == false, so exit this thread
+            }
+            callback_fun();
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+// stop the worker thread and join it
+SPDLOG_INLINE periodic_worker::~periodic_worker()
+{
+    if (worker_thread_.joinable())
+    {
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+            active_ = false;
+        }
+        cv_.notify_one();
+        worker_thread_.join();
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/periodic_worker.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/periodic_worker.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..42373665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/periodic_worker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+// periodic worker thread - periodically executes the given callback function.
+//
+// RAII over the owned thread:
+//    creates the thread on construction.
+//    stops and joins the thread on destruction (if the thread is executing a callback, wait for it to finish first).
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <functional>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+class SPDLOG_API periodic_worker
+{
+public:
+    periodic_worker(const std::function<void()> &callback_fun, std::chrono::seconds interval);
+    periodic_worker(const periodic_worker &) = delete;
+    periodic_worker &operator=(const periodic_worker &) = delete;
+    // stop the worker thread and join it
+    ~periodic_worker();
+
+private:
+    bool active_;
+    std::thread worker_thread_;
+    std::mutex mutex_;
+    std::condition_variable cv_;
+};
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "periodic_worker-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/registry-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/registry-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a60faabc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/registry-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/details/registry.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/periodic_worker.h>
+#include <spdlog/logger.h>
+#include <spdlog/pattern_formatter.h>
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_DISABLE_DEFAULT_LOGGER
+// support for the default stdout color logger
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <spdlog/sinks/wincolor_sink.h>
+#else
+#include <spdlog/sinks/ansicolor_sink.h>
+#endif
+#endif // SPDLOG_DISABLE_DEFAULT_LOGGER
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE registry::registry()
+    : formatter_(new pattern_formatter())
+{
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_DISABLE_DEFAULT_LOGGER
+    // create default logger (ansicolor_stdout_sink_mt or wincolor_stdout_sink_mt in windows).
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    auto color_sink = std::make_shared<sinks::wincolor_stdout_sink_mt>();
+#else
+    auto color_sink = std::make_shared<sinks::ansicolor_stdout_sink_mt>();
+#endif
+
+    const char *default_logger_name = "";
+    default_logger_ = std::make_shared<spdlog::logger>(default_logger_name, std::move(color_sink));
+    loggers_[default_logger_name] = default_logger_;
+
+#endif // SPDLOG_DISABLE_DEFAULT_LOGGER
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE registry::~registry() = default;
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::register_logger(std::shared_ptr<logger> new_logger)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    register_logger_(std::move(new_logger));
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::initialize_logger(std::shared_ptr<logger> new_logger)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    new_logger->set_formatter(formatter_->clone());
+
+    if (err_handler_)
+    {
+        new_logger->set_error_handler(err_handler_);
+    }
+
+    // set new level according to previously configured level or default level
+    auto it = log_levels_.find(new_logger->name());
+    auto new_level = it != log_levels_.end() ? it->second : global_log_level_;
+    new_logger->set_level(new_level);
+
+    new_logger->flush_on(flush_level_);
+
+    if (backtrace_n_messages_ > 0)
+    {
+        new_logger->enable_backtrace(backtrace_n_messages_);
+    }
+
+    if (automatic_registration_)
+    {
+        register_logger_(std::move(new_logger));
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> registry::get(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    auto found = loggers_.find(logger_name);
+    return found == loggers_.end() ? nullptr : found->second;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> registry::default_logger()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    return default_logger_;
+}
+
+// Return raw ptr to the default logger.
+// To be used directly by the spdlog default api (e.g. spdlog::info)
+// This make the default API faster, but cannot be used concurrently with set_default_logger().
+// e.g do not call set_default_logger() from one thread while calling spdlog::info() from another.
+SPDLOG_INLINE logger *registry::get_default_raw()
+{
+    return default_logger_.get();
+}
+
+// set default logger.
+// default logger is stored in default_logger_ (for faster retrieval) and in the loggers_ map.
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::set_default_logger(std::shared_ptr<logger> new_default_logger)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    // remove previous default logger from the map
+    if (default_logger_ != nullptr)
+    {
+        loggers_.erase(default_logger_->name());
+    }
+    if (new_default_logger != nullptr)
+    {
+        loggers_[new_default_logger->name()] = new_default_logger;
+    }
+    default_logger_ = std::move(new_default_logger);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::set_tp(std::shared_ptr<thread_pool> tp)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(tp_mutex_);
+    tp_ = std::move(tp);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<thread_pool> registry::get_tp()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(tp_mutex_);
+    return tp_;
+}
+
+// Set global formatter. Each sink in each logger will get a clone of this object
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<formatter> formatter)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    formatter_ = std::move(formatter);
+    for (auto &l : loggers_)
+    {
+        l.second->set_formatter(formatter_->clone());
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::enable_backtrace(size_t n_messages)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    backtrace_n_messages_ = n_messages;
+
+    for (auto &l : loggers_)
+    {
+        l.second->enable_backtrace(n_messages);
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::disable_backtrace()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    backtrace_n_messages_ = 0;
+    for (auto &l : loggers_)
+    {
+        l.second->disable_backtrace();
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::set_level(level::level_enum log_level)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    for (auto &l : loggers_)
+    {
+        l.second->set_level(log_level);
+    }
+    global_log_level_ = log_level;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::flush_on(level::level_enum log_level)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    for (auto &l : loggers_)
+    {
+        l.second->flush_on(log_level);
+    }
+    flush_level_ = log_level;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::flush_every(std::chrono::seconds interval)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(flusher_mutex_);
+    auto clbk = [this]() { this->flush_all(); };
+    periodic_flusher_ = details::make_unique<periodic_worker>(clbk, interval);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::set_error_handler(void (*handler)(const std::string &msg))
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    for (auto &l : loggers_)
+    {
+        l.second->set_error_handler(handler);
+    }
+    err_handler_ = handler;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::apply_all(const std::function<void(const std::shared_ptr<logger>)> &fun)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    for (auto &l : loggers_)
+    {
+        fun(l.second);
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::flush_all()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    for (auto &l : loggers_)
+    {
+        l.second->flush();
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::drop(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    loggers_.erase(logger_name);
+    if (default_logger_ && default_logger_->name() == logger_name)
+    {
+        default_logger_.reset();
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::drop_all()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    loggers_.clear();
+    default_logger_.reset();
+}
+
+// clean all resources and threads started by the registry
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::shutdown()
+{
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(flusher_mutex_);
+        periodic_flusher_.reset();
+    }
+
+    drop_all();
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(tp_mutex_);
+        tp_.reset();
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::recursive_mutex &registry::tp_mutex()
+{
+    return tp_mutex_;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::set_automatic_registration(bool automatic_registration)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    automatic_registration_ = automatic_registration;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::set_levels(log_levels levels, level::level_enum *global_level)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(logger_map_mutex_);
+    log_levels_ = std::move(levels);
+    auto global_level_requested = global_level != nullptr;
+    global_log_level_ = global_level_requested ? *global_level : global_log_level_;
+
+    for (auto &logger : loggers_)
+    {
+        auto logger_entry = log_levels_.find(logger.first);
+        if (logger_entry != log_levels_.end())
+        {
+            logger.second->set_level(logger_entry->second);
+        }
+        else if (global_level_requested)
+        {
+            logger.second->set_level(*global_level);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE registry &registry::instance()
+{
+    static registry s_instance;
+    return s_instance;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::throw_if_exists_(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    if (loggers_.find(logger_name) != loggers_.end())
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("logger with name '" + logger_name + "' already exists");
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void registry::register_logger_(std::shared_ptr<logger> new_logger)
+{
+    auto logger_name = new_logger->name();
+    throw_if_exists_(logger_name);
+    loggers_[logger_name] = std::move(new_logger);
+}
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/registry.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/registry.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b069c3f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/registry.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Loggers registry of unique name->logger pointer
+// An attempt to create a logger with an already existing name will result with spdlog_ex exception.
+// If user requests a non existing logger, nullptr will be returned
+// This class is thread safe
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+class logger;
+
+namespace details {
+class thread_pool;
+class periodic_worker;
+
+class SPDLOG_API registry
+{
+public:
+    using log_levels = std::unordered_map<std::string, level::level_enum>;
+    registry(const registry &) = delete;
+    registry &operator=(const registry &) = delete;
+
+    void register_logger(std::shared_ptr<logger> new_logger);
+    void initialize_logger(std::shared_ptr<logger> new_logger);
+    std::shared_ptr<logger> get(const std::string &logger_name);
+    std::shared_ptr<logger> default_logger();
+
+    // Return raw ptr to the default logger.
+    // To be used directly by the spdlog default api (e.g. spdlog::info)
+    // This make the default API faster, but cannot be used concurrently with set_default_logger().
+    // e.g do not call set_default_logger() from one thread while calling spdlog::info() from another.
+    logger *get_default_raw();
+
+    // set default logger.
+    // default logger is stored in default_logger_ (for faster retrieval) and in the loggers_ map.
+    void set_default_logger(std::shared_ptr<logger> new_default_logger);
+
+    void set_tp(std::shared_ptr<thread_pool> tp);
+
+    std::shared_ptr<thread_pool> get_tp();
+
+    // Set global formatter. Each sink in each logger will get a clone of this object
+    void set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<formatter> formatter);
+
+    void enable_backtrace(size_t n_messages);
+
+    void disable_backtrace();
+
+    void set_level(level::level_enum log_level);
+
+    void flush_on(level::level_enum log_level);
+
+    void flush_every(std::chrono::seconds interval);
+
+    void set_error_handler(void (*handler)(const std::string &msg));
+
+    void apply_all(const std::function<void(const std::shared_ptr<logger>)> &fun);
+
+    void flush_all();
+
+    void drop(const std::string &logger_name);
+
+    void drop_all();
+
+    // clean all resources and threads started by the registry
+    void shutdown();
+
+    std::recursive_mutex &tp_mutex();
+
+    void set_automatic_registration(bool automatic_registration);
+
+    // set levels for all existing/future loggers. global_level can be null if should not set.
+    void set_levels(log_levels levels, level::level_enum *global_level);
+
+    static registry &instance();
+
+private:
+    registry();
+    ~registry();
+
+    void throw_if_exists_(const std::string &logger_name);
+    void register_logger_(std::shared_ptr<logger> new_logger);
+    bool set_level_from_cfg_(logger *logger);
+    std::mutex logger_map_mutex_, flusher_mutex_;
+    std::recursive_mutex tp_mutex_;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<logger>> loggers_;
+    log_levels log_levels_;
+    std::unique_ptr<formatter> formatter_;
+    spdlog::level::level_enum global_log_level_ = level::info;
+    level::level_enum flush_level_ = level::off;
+    void (*err_handler_)(const std::string &msg) = nullptr;
+    std::shared_ptr<thread_pool> tp_;
+    std::unique_ptr<periodic_worker> periodic_flusher_;
+    std::shared_ptr<logger> default_logger_;
+    bool automatic_registration_ = true;
+    size_t backtrace_n_messages_ = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "registry-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1e42268
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "registry.h"
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+// Default logger factory-  creates synchronous loggers
+class logger;
+
+struct synchronous_factory
+{
+    template<typename Sink, typename... SinkArgs>
+    static std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> create(std::string logger_name, SinkArgs &&...args)
+    {
+        auto sink = std::make_shared<Sink>(std::forward<SinkArgs>(args)...);
+        auto new_logger = std::make_shared<spdlog::logger>(std::move(logger_name), std::move(sink));
+        details::registry::instance().initialize_logger(new_logger);
+        return new_logger;
+    }
+};
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/tcp_client-windows.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/tcp_client-windows.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7ee72927
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/tcp_client-windows.h
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+// tcp client helper
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#pragma comment(lib, "Ws2_32.lib")
+#pragma comment(lib, "Mswsock.lib")
+#pragma comment(lib, "AdvApi32.lib")
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+class tcp_client
+{
+    SOCKET socket_ = INVALID_SOCKET;
+
+    static bool winsock_initialized_()
+    {
+        SOCKET s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
+        if (s == INVALID_SOCKET)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            closesocket(s);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void init_winsock_()
+    {
+        WSADATA wsaData;
+        auto rv = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);
+        if (rv != 0)
+        {
+            throw_winsock_error_("WSAStartup failed", ::WSAGetLastError());
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void throw_winsock_error_(const std::string &msg, int last_error)
+    {
+        char buf[512];
+        ::FormatMessage(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS, NULL, last_error,
+            MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), buf, (sizeof(buf) / sizeof(char)), NULL);
+
+        throw_spdlog_ex(fmt::format("tcp_sink - {}: {}", msg, buf));
+    }
+
+public:
+    bool is_connected() const
+    {
+        return socket_ != INVALID_SOCKET;
+    }
+
+    void close()
+    {
+        ::closesocket(socket_);
+        socket_ = INVALID_SOCKET;
+        WSACleanup();
+    }
+
+    SOCKET fd() const
+    {
+        return socket_;
+    }
+
+    ~tcp_client()
+    {
+        close();
+    }
+
+    // try to connect or throw on failure
+    void connect(const std::string &host, int port)
+    {
+        // initialize winsock if needed
+        if (!winsock_initialized_())
+        {
+            init_winsock_();
+        }
+
+        if (is_connected())
+        {
+            close();
+        }
+        struct addrinfo hints
+        {};
+        ZeroMemory(&hints, sizeof(hints));
+
+        hints.ai_family = AF_INET;       // IPv4
+        hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; // TCP
+        hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICSERV; // port passed as as numeric value
+        hints.ai_protocol = 0;
+
+        auto port_str = std::to_string(port);
+        struct addrinfo *addrinfo_result;
+        auto rv = ::getaddrinfo(host.c_str(), port_str.c_str(), &hints, &addrinfo_result);
+        int last_error = 0;
+        if (rv != 0)
+        {
+            last_error = ::WSAGetLastError();
+            WSACleanup();
+            throw_winsock_error_("getaddrinfo failed", last_error);
+        }
+
+        // Try each address until we successfully connect(2).
+
+        for (auto *rp = addrinfo_result; rp != nullptr; rp = rp->ai_next)
+        {
+            socket_ = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol);
+            if (socket_ == INVALID_SOCKET)
+            {
+                last_error = ::WSAGetLastError();
+                WSACleanup();
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (::connect(socket_, rp->ai_addr, (int)rp->ai_addrlen) == 0)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                last_error = ::WSAGetLastError();
+                close();
+            }
+        }
+        ::freeaddrinfo(addrinfo_result);
+        if (socket_ == INVALID_SOCKET)
+        {
+            WSACleanup();
+            throw_winsock_error_("connect failed", last_error);
+        }
+
+        // set TCP_NODELAY
+        int enable_flag = 1;
+        ::setsockopt(socket_, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, (char *)&enable_flag, sizeof(enable_flag));
+    }
+
+    // Send exactly n_bytes of the given data.
+    // On error close the connection and throw.
+    void send(const char *data, size_t n_bytes)
+    {
+        size_t bytes_sent = 0;
+        while (bytes_sent < n_bytes)
+        {
+            const int send_flags = 0;
+            auto write_result = ::send(socket_, data + bytes_sent, (int)(n_bytes - bytes_sent), send_flags);
+            if (write_result == SOCKET_ERROR)
+            {
+                int last_error = ::WSAGetLastError();
+                close();
+                throw_winsock_error_("send failed", last_error);
+            }
+
+            if (write_result == 0) // (probably should not happen but in any case..)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            bytes_sent += static_cast<size_t>(write_result);
+        }
+    }
+};
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/tcp_client.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/tcp_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f3bb99e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/tcp_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#error include tcp_client-windows.h instead
+#endif
+
+// tcp client helper
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <netinet/tcp.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+class tcp_client
+{
+    int socket_ = -1;
+
+public:
+    bool is_connected() const
+    {
+        return socket_ != -1;
+    }
+
+    void close()
+    {
+        if (is_connected())
+        {
+            ::close(socket_);
+            socket_ = -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    int fd() const
+    {
+        return socket_;
+    }
+
+    ~tcp_client()
+    {
+        close();
+    }
+
+    // try to connect or throw on failure
+    void connect(const std::string &host, int port)
+    {
+        close();
+        struct addrinfo hints
+        {};
+        memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
+        hints.ai_family = AF_INET;       // IPv4
+        hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM; // TCP
+        hints.ai_flags = AI_NUMERICSERV; // port passed as as numeric value
+        hints.ai_protocol = 0;
+
+        auto port_str = std::to_string(port);
+        struct addrinfo *addrinfo_result;
+        auto rv = ::getaddrinfo(host.c_str(), port_str.c_str(), &hints, &addrinfo_result);
+        if (rv != 0)
+        {
+            auto msg = fmt::format("::getaddrinfo failed: {}", gai_strerror(rv));
+            throw_spdlog_ex(msg);
+        }
+
+        // Try each address until we successfully connect(2).
+        int last_errno = 0;
+        for (auto *rp = addrinfo_result; rp != nullptr; rp = rp->ai_next)
+        {
+#if defined(SOCK_CLOEXEC)
+            const int flags = SOCK_CLOEXEC;
+#else
+            const int flags = 0;
+#endif
+            socket_ = ::socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype | flags, rp->ai_protocol);
+            if (socket_ == -1)
+            {
+                last_errno = errno;
+                continue;
+            }
+            rv = ::connect(socket_, rp->ai_addr, rp->ai_addrlen);
+            if (rv == 0)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            last_errno = errno;
+            ::close(socket_);
+            socket_ = -1;
+        }
+        ::freeaddrinfo(addrinfo_result);
+        if (socket_ == -1)
+        {
+            throw_spdlog_ex("::connect failed", last_errno);
+        }
+
+        // set TCP_NODELAY
+        int enable_flag = 1;
+        ::setsockopt(socket_, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, (char *)&enable_flag, sizeof(enable_flag));
+
+        // prevent sigpipe on systems where MSG_NOSIGNAL is not available
+#if defined(SO_NOSIGPIPE) && !defined(MSG_NOSIGNAL)
+        ::setsockopt(socket_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_NOSIGPIPE, (char *)&enable_flag, sizeof(enable_flag));
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(SO_NOSIGPIPE) && !defined(MSG_NOSIGNAL)
+#error "tcp_sink would raise SIGPIPE since niether SO_NOSIGPIPE nor MSG_NOSIGNAL are available"
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // Send exactly n_bytes of the given data.
+    // On error close the connection and throw.
+    void send(const char *data, size_t n_bytes)
+    {
+        size_t bytes_sent = 0;
+        while (bytes_sent < n_bytes)
+        {
+#if defined(MSG_NOSIGNAL)
+            const int send_flags = MSG_NOSIGNAL;
+#else
+            const int send_flags = 0;
+#endif
+            auto write_result = ::send(socket_, data + bytes_sent, n_bytes - bytes_sent, send_flags);
+            if (write_result < 0)
+            {
+                close();
+                throw_spdlog_ex("write(2) failed", errno);
+            }
+
+            if (write_result == 0) // (probably should not happen but in any case..)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            bytes_sent += static_cast<size_t>(write_result);
+        }
+    }
+};
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/thread_pool-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/thread_pool-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c1df4361
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/thread_pool-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/details/thread_pool.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE thread_pool::thread_pool(size_t q_max_items, size_t threads_n, std::function<void()> on_thread_start)
+    : q_(q_max_items)
+{
+    if (threads_n == 0 || threads_n > 1000)
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("spdlog::thread_pool(): invalid threads_n param (valid "
+                        "range is 1-1000)");
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < threads_n; i++)
+    {
+        threads_.emplace_back([this, on_thread_start] {
+            on_thread_start();
+            this->thread_pool::worker_loop_();
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE thread_pool::thread_pool(size_t q_max_items, size_t threads_n)
+    : thread_pool(q_max_items, threads_n, [] {})
+{}
+
+// message all threads to terminate gracefully join them
+SPDLOG_INLINE thread_pool::~thread_pool()
+{
+    SPDLOG_TRY
+    {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < threads_.size(); i++)
+        {
+            post_async_msg_(async_msg(async_msg_type::terminate), async_overflow_policy::block);
+        }
+
+        for (auto &t : threads_)
+        {
+            t.join();
+        }
+    }
+    SPDLOG_CATCH_ALL() {}
+}
+
+void SPDLOG_INLINE thread_pool::post_log(async_logger_ptr &&worker_ptr, const details::log_msg &msg, async_overflow_policy overflow_policy)
+{
+    async_msg async_m(std::move(worker_ptr), async_msg_type::log, msg);
+    post_async_msg_(std::move(async_m), overflow_policy);
+}
+
+void SPDLOG_INLINE thread_pool::post_flush(async_logger_ptr &&worker_ptr, async_overflow_policy overflow_policy)
+{
+    post_async_msg_(async_msg(std::move(worker_ptr), async_msg_type::flush), overflow_policy);
+}
+
+size_t SPDLOG_INLINE thread_pool::overrun_counter()
+{
+    return q_.overrun_counter();
+}
+
+size_t SPDLOG_INLINE thread_pool::queue_size()
+{
+    return q_.size();
+}
+
+void SPDLOG_INLINE thread_pool::post_async_msg_(async_msg &&new_msg, async_overflow_policy overflow_policy)
+{
+    if (overflow_policy == async_overflow_policy::block)
+    {
+        q_.enqueue(std::move(new_msg));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        q_.enqueue_nowait(std::move(new_msg));
+    }
+}
+
+void SPDLOG_INLINE thread_pool::worker_loop_()
+{
+    while (process_next_msg_()) {}
+}
+
+// process next message in the queue
+// return true if this thread should still be active (while no terminate msg
+// was received)
+bool SPDLOG_INLINE thread_pool::process_next_msg_()
+{
+    async_msg incoming_async_msg;
+    bool dequeued = q_.dequeue_for(incoming_async_msg, std::chrono::seconds(10));
+    if (!dequeued)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    switch (incoming_async_msg.msg_type)
+    {
+    case async_msg_type::log: {
+        incoming_async_msg.worker_ptr->backend_sink_it_(incoming_async_msg);
+        return true;
+    }
+    case async_msg_type::flush: {
+        incoming_async_msg.worker_ptr->backend_flush_();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    case async_msg_type::terminate: {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    default: {
+        assert(false);
+    }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/thread_pool.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/thread_pool.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61e25252
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/thread_pool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg_buffer.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/mpmc_blocking_q.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <memory>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+#include <functional>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+class async_logger;
+
+namespace details {
+
+using async_logger_ptr = std::shared_ptr<spdlog::async_logger>;
+
+enum class async_msg_type
+{
+    log,
+    flush,
+    terminate
+};
+
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg_buffer.h>
+// Async msg to move to/from the queue
+// Movable only. should never be copied
+struct async_msg : log_msg_buffer
+{
+    async_msg_type msg_type{async_msg_type::log};
+    async_logger_ptr worker_ptr;
+
+    async_msg() = default;
+    ~async_msg() = default;
+
+    // should only be moved in or out of the queue..
+    async_msg(const async_msg &) = delete;
+
+// support for vs2013 move
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
+    async_msg(async_msg &&other)
+        : log_msg_buffer(std::move(other))
+        , msg_type(other.msg_type)
+        , worker_ptr(std::move(other.worker_ptr))
+    {}
+
+    async_msg &operator=(async_msg &&other)
+    {
+        *static_cast<log_msg_buffer *>(this) = std::move(other);
+        msg_type = other.msg_type;
+        worker_ptr = std::move(other.worker_ptr);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#else // (_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1800
+    async_msg(async_msg &&) = default;
+    async_msg &operator=(async_msg &&) = default;
+#endif
+
+    // construct from log_msg with given type
+    async_msg(async_logger_ptr &&worker, async_msg_type the_type, const details::log_msg &m)
+        : log_msg_buffer{m}
+        , msg_type{the_type}
+        , worker_ptr{std::move(worker)}
+    {}
+
+    async_msg(async_logger_ptr &&worker, async_msg_type the_type)
+        : log_msg_buffer{}
+        , msg_type{the_type}
+        , worker_ptr{std::move(worker)}
+    {}
+
+    explicit async_msg(async_msg_type the_type)
+        : async_msg{nullptr, the_type}
+    {}
+};
+
+class SPDLOG_API thread_pool
+{
+public:
+    using item_type = async_msg;
+    using q_type = details::mpmc_blocking_queue<item_type>;
+
+    thread_pool(size_t q_max_items, size_t threads_n, std::function<void()> on_thread_start);
+    thread_pool(size_t q_max_items, size_t threads_n);
+
+    // message all threads to terminate gracefully join them
+    ~thread_pool();
+
+    thread_pool(const thread_pool &) = delete;
+    thread_pool &operator=(thread_pool &&) = delete;
+
+    void post_log(async_logger_ptr &&worker_ptr, const details::log_msg &msg, async_overflow_policy overflow_policy);
+    void post_flush(async_logger_ptr &&worker_ptr, async_overflow_policy overflow_policy);
+    size_t overrun_counter();
+    size_t queue_size();
+
+private:
+    q_type q_;
+
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads_;
+
+    void post_async_msg_(async_msg &&new_msg, async_overflow_policy overflow_policy);
+    void worker_loop_();
+
+    // process next message in the queue
+    // return true if this thread should still be active (while no terminate msg
+    // was received)
+    bool process_next_msg_();
+};
+
+} // namespace details
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "thread_pool-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/windows_include.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/windows_include.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6a2f14f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/details/windows_include.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX // prevent windows redefining min/max
+#endif
+
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+
+#include <windows.h>
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bin_to_hex.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bin_to_hex.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1e2b054b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bin_to_hex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+//
+// Copyright(c) 2015 Gabi Melman.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cctype>
+
+//
+// Support for logging binary data as hex
+// format flags, any combination of the followng:
+// {:X} - print in uppercase.
+// {:s} - don't separate each byte with space.
+// {:p} - don't print the position on each line start.
+// {:n} - don't split the output to lines.
+// {:a} - show ASCII if :n is not set
+
+//
+// Examples:
+//
+// std::vector<char> v(200, 0x0b);
+// logger->info("Some buffer {}", spdlog::to_hex(v));
+// char buf[128];
+// logger->info("Some buffer {:X}", spdlog::to_hex(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf)));
+// logger->info("Some buffer {:X}", spdlog::to_hex(std::begin(buf), std::end(buf), 16));
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+template<typename It>
+class dump_info
+{
+public:
+    dump_info(It range_begin, It range_end, size_t size_per_line)
+        : begin_(range_begin)
+        , end_(range_end)
+        , size_per_line_(size_per_line)
+    {}
+
+    It begin() const
+    {
+        return begin_;
+    }
+    It end() const
+    {
+        return end_;
+    }
+    size_t size_per_line() const
+    {
+        return size_per_line_;
+    }
+
+private:
+    It begin_, end_;
+    size_t size_per_line_;
+};
+} // namespace details
+
+// create a dump_info that wraps the given container
+template<typename Container>
+inline details::dump_info<typename Container::const_iterator> to_hex(const Container &container, size_t size_per_line = 32)
+{
+    static_assert(sizeof(typename Container::value_type) == 1, "sizeof(Container::value_type) != 1");
+    using Iter = typename Container::const_iterator;
+    return details::dump_info<Iter>(std::begin(container), std::end(container), size_per_line);
+}
+
+// create dump_info from ranges
+template<typename It>
+inline details::dump_info<It> to_hex(const It range_begin, const It range_end, size_t size_per_line = 32)
+{
+    return details::dump_info<It>(range_begin, range_end, size_per_line);
+}
+
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+namespace fmt {
+
+template<typename T>
+struct formatter<spdlog::details::dump_info<T>>
+{
+    const char delimiter = ' ';
+    bool put_newlines = true;
+    bool put_delimiters = true;
+    bool use_uppercase = false;
+    bool put_positions = true; // position on start of each line
+    bool show_ascii = false;
+
+    // parse the format string flags
+    template<typename ParseContext>
+    auto parse(ParseContext &ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin())
+    {
+        auto it = ctx.begin();
+        while (it != ctx.end() && *it != '}')
+        {
+            switch (*it)
+            {
+            case 'X':
+                use_uppercase = true;
+                break;
+            case 's':
+                put_delimiters = false;
+                break;
+            case 'p':
+                put_positions = false;
+                break;
+            case 'n':
+                put_newlines = false;
+                show_ascii = false;
+                break;
+            case 'a':
+                if (put_newlines)
+                {
+                    show_ascii = true;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            ++it;
+        }
+        return it;
+    }
+
+    // format the given bytes range as hex
+    template<typename FormatContext, typename Container>
+    auto format(const spdlog::details::dump_info<Container> &the_range, FormatContext &ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out())
+    {
+        SPDLOG_CONSTEXPR const char *hex_upper = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+        SPDLOG_CONSTEXPR const char *hex_lower = "0123456789abcdef";
+        const char *hex_chars = use_uppercase ? hex_upper : hex_lower;
+
+#if FMT_VERSION < 60000
+        auto inserter = ctx.begin();
+#else
+        auto inserter = ctx.out();
+#endif
+
+        int size_per_line = static_cast<int>(the_range.size_per_line());
+        auto start_of_line = the_range.begin();
+        for (auto i = the_range.begin(); i != the_range.end(); i++)
+        {
+            auto ch = static_cast<unsigned char>(*i);
+
+            if (put_newlines && (i == the_range.begin() || i - start_of_line >= size_per_line))
+            {
+                if (show_ascii && i != the_range.begin())
+                {
+                    *inserter++ = delimiter;
+                    *inserter++ = delimiter;
+                    for (auto j = start_of_line; j < i; j++)
+                    {
+                        auto pc = static_cast<unsigned char>(*j);
+                        *inserter++ = std::isprint(pc) ? static_cast<char>(*j) : '.';
+                    }
+                }
+
+                put_newline(inserter, static_cast<size_t>(i - the_range.begin()));
+
+                // put first byte without delimiter in front of it
+                *inserter++ = hex_chars[(ch >> 4) & 0x0f];
+                *inserter++ = hex_chars[ch & 0x0f];
+                start_of_line = i;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (put_delimiters)
+            {
+                *inserter++ = delimiter;
+            }
+
+            *inserter++ = hex_chars[(ch >> 4) & 0x0f];
+            *inserter++ = hex_chars[ch & 0x0f];
+        }
+        if (show_ascii) // add ascii to last line
+        {
+            if (the_range.end() - the_range.begin() > size_per_line)
+            {
+                auto blank_num = size_per_line - (the_range.end() - start_of_line);
+                while (blank_num-- > 0)
+                {
+                    *inserter++ = delimiter;
+                    *inserter++ = delimiter;
+                    if (put_delimiters)
+                    {
+                        *inserter++ = delimiter;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            *inserter++ = delimiter;
+            *inserter++ = delimiter;
+            for (auto j = start_of_line; j != the_range.end(); j++)
+            {
+                auto pc = static_cast<unsigned char>(*j);
+                *inserter++ = std::isprint(pc) ? static_cast<char>(*j) : '.';
+            }
+        }
+        return inserter;
+    }
+
+    // put newline(and position header)
+    template<typename It>
+    void put_newline(It inserter, std::size_t pos)
+    {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        *inserter++ = '\r';
+#endif
+        *inserter++ = '\n';
+
+        if (put_positions)
+        {
+            fmt::format_to(inserter, "{:<04X}: ", pos);
+        }
+    }
+};
+} // namespace fmt
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/LICENSE.rst b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/LICENSE.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f0ec3db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/LICENSE.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+--- Optional exception to the license ---
+
+As an exception, if, as a result of your compiling your source code, portions
+of this Software are embedded into a machine-executable object form of such
+source code, you may redistribute such embedded portions in such object form
+without including the above copyright and permission notices.
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/chrono.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/chrono.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bdfe2aa0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/chrono.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1116 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - chrono support
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_CHRONO_H_
+#define FMT_CHRONO_H_
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <locale>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "format.h"
+#include "locale.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+// Enable safe chrono durations, unless explicitly disabled.
+#ifndef FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+#  define FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST 1
+#endif
+#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+
+// For conversion between std::chrono::durations without undefined
+// behaviour or erroneous results.
+// This is a stripped down version of duration_cast, for inclusion in fmt.
+// See https://github.com/pauldreik/safe_duration_cast
+//
+// Copyright Paul Dreik 2019
+namespace safe_duration_cast {
+
+template <typename To, typename From,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value &&
+                        std::numeric_limits<From>::is_signed ==
+                            std::numeric_limits<To>::is_signed)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+  ec = 0;
+  using F = std::numeric_limits<From>;
+  using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
+  static_assert(F::is_integer, "From must be integral");
+  static_assert(T::is_integer, "To must be integral");
+
+  // A and B are both signed, or both unsigned.
+  if (F::digits <= T::digits) {
+    // From fits in To without any problem.
+  } else {
+    // From does not always fit in To, resort to a dynamic check.
+    if (from < (T::min)() || from > (T::max)()) {
+      // outside range.
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+  }
+  return static_cast<To>(from);
+}
+
+/**
+ * converts From to To, without loss. If the dynamic value of from
+ * can't be converted to To without loss, ec is set.
+ */
+template <typename To, typename From,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value &&
+                        std::numeric_limits<From>::is_signed !=
+                            std::numeric_limits<To>::is_signed)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+  ec = 0;
+  using F = std::numeric_limits<From>;
+  using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
+  static_assert(F::is_integer, "From must be integral");
+  static_assert(T::is_integer, "To must be integral");
+
+  if (detail::const_check(F::is_signed && !T::is_signed)) {
+    // From may be negative, not allowed!
+    if (fmt::detail::is_negative(from)) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+    // From is positive. Can it always fit in To?
+    if (F::digits > T::digits &&
+        from > static_cast<From>(detail::max_value<To>())) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!F::is_signed && T::is_signed && F::digits >= T::digits &&
+      from > static_cast<From>(detail::max_value<To>())) {
+    ec = 1;
+    return {};
+  }
+  return static_cast<To>(from);  // Lossless conversion.
+}
+
+template <typename To, typename From,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+  ec = 0;
+  return from;
+}  // function
+
+/**
+ * converts From to To if possible, otherwise ec is set.
+ *
+ * input                            |    output
+ * ---------------------------------|---------------
+ * NaN                              | NaN
+ * Inf                              | Inf
+ * normal, fits in output           | converted (possibly lossy)
+ * normal, does not fit in output   | ec is set
+ * subnormal                        | best effort
+ * -Inf                             | -Inf
+ */
+template <typename To, typename From,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR To safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+  ec = 0;
+  using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
+  static_assert(std::is_floating_point<From>::value, "From must be floating");
+  static_assert(std::is_floating_point<To>::value, "To must be floating");
+
+  // catch the only happy case
+  if (std::isfinite(from)) {
+    if (from >= T::lowest() && from <= (T::max)()) {
+      return static_cast<To>(from);
+    }
+    // not within range.
+    ec = 1;
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  // nan and inf will be preserved
+  return static_cast<To>(from);
+}  // function
+
+template <typename To, typename From,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR To safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+  ec = 0;
+  static_assert(std::is_floating_point<From>::value, "From must be floating");
+  return from;
+}
+
+/**
+ * safe duration cast between integral durations
+ */
+template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<FromRep>::value),
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<typename To::rep>::value)>
+To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
+                      int& ec) {
+  using From = std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod>;
+  ec = 0;
+  // the basic idea is that we need to convert from count() in the from type
+  // to count() in the To type, by multiplying it with this:
+  struct Factor
+      : std::ratio_divide<typename From::period, typename To::period> {};
+
+  static_assert(Factor::num > 0, "num must be positive");
+  static_assert(Factor::den > 0, "den must be positive");
+
+  // the conversion is like this: multiply from.count() with Factor::num
+  // /Factor::den and convert it to To::rep, all this without
+  // overflow/underflow. let's start by finding a suitable type that can hold
+  // both To, From and Factor::num
+  using IntermediateRep =
+      typename std::common_type<typename From::rep, typename To::rep,
+                                decltype(Factor::num)>::type;
+
+  // safe conversion to IntermediateRep
+  IntermediateRep count =
+      lossless_integral_conversion<IntermediateRep>(from.count(), ec);
+  if (ec) return {};
+  // multiply with Factor::num without overflow or underflow
+  if (detail::const_check(Factor::num != 1)) {
+    const auto max1 = detail::max_value<IntermediateRep>() / Factor::num;
+    if (count > max1) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+    const auto min1 =
+        (std::numeric_limits<IntermediateRep>::min)() / Factor::num;
+    if (count < min1) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+    count *= Factor::num;
+  }
+
+  if (detail::const_check(Factor::den != 1)) count /= Factor::den;
+  auto tocount = lossless_integral_conversion<typename To::rep>(count, ec);
+  return ec ? To() : To(tocount);
+}
+
+/**
+ * safe duration_cast between floating point durations
+ */
+template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<FromRep>::value),
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<typename To::rep>::value)>
+To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
+                      int& ec) {
+  using From = std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod>;
+  ec = 0;
+  if (std::isnan(from.count())) {
+    // nan in, gives nan out. easy.
+    return To{std::numeric_limits<typename To::rep>::quiet_NaN()};
+  }
+  // maybe we should also check if from is denormal, and decide what to do about
+  // it.
+
+  // +-inf should be preserved.
+  if (std::isinf(from.count())) {
+    return To{from.count()};
+  }
+
+  // the basic idea is that we need to convert from count() in the from type
+  // to count() in the To type, by multiplying it with this:
+  struct Factor
+      : std::ratio_divide<typename From::period, typename To::period> {};
+
+  static_assert(Factor::num > 0, "num must be positive");
+  static_assert(Factor::den > 0, "den must be positive");
+
+  // the conversion is like this: multiply from.count() with Factor::num
+  // /Factor::den and convert it to To::rep, all this without
+  // overflow/underflow. let's start by finding a suitable type that can hold
+  // both To, From and Factor::num
+  using IntermediateRep =
+      typename std::common_type<typename From::rep, typename To::rep,
+                                decltype(Factor::num)>::type;
+
+  // force conversion of From::rep -> IntermediateRep to be safe,
+  // even if it will never happen be narrowing in this context.
+  IntermediateRep count =
+      safe_float_conversion<IntermediateRep>(from.count(), ec);
+  if (ec) {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  // multiply with Factor::num without overflow or underflow
+  if (Factor::num != 1) {
+    constexpr auto max1 = detail::max_value<IntermediateRep>() /
+                          static_cast<IntermediateRep>(Factor::num);
+    if (count > max1) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+    constexpr auto min1 = std::numeric_limits<IntermediateRep>::lowest() /
+                          static_cast<IntermediateRep>(Factor::num);
+    if (count < min1) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+    count *= static_cast<IntermediateRep>(Factor::num);
+  }
+
+  // this can't go wrong, right? den>0 is checked earlier.
+  if (Factor::den != 1) {
+    using common_t = typename std::common_type<IntermediateRep, intmax_t>::type;
+    count /= static_cast<common_t>(Factor::den);
+  }
+
+  // convert to the to type, safely
+  using ToRep = typename To::rep;
+
+  const ToRep tocount = safe_float_conversion<ToRep>(count, ec);
+  if (ec) {
+    return {};
+  }
+  return To{tocount};
+}
+}  // namespace safe_duration_cast
+#endif
+
+// Prevents expansion of a preceding token as a function-style macro.
+// Usage: f FMT_NOMACRO()
+#define FMT_NOMACRO
+
+namespace detail {
+inline null<> localtime_r FMT_NOMACRO(...) { return null<>(); }
+inline null<> localtime_s(...) { return null<>(); }
+inline null<> gmtime_r(...) { return null<>(); }
+inline null<> gmtime_s(...) { return null<>(); }
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// Thread-safe replacement for std::localtime
+inline std::tm localtime(std::time_t time) {
+  struct dispatcher {
+    std::time_t time_;
+    std::tm tm_;
+
+    dispatcher(std::time_t t) : time_(t) {}
+
+    bool run() {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
+      return handle(localtime_r(&time_, &tm_));
+    }
+
+    bool handle(std::tm* tm) { return tm != nullptr; }
+
+    bool handle(detail::null<>) {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
+      return fallback(localtime_s(&tm_, &time_));
+    }
+
+    bool fallback(int res) { return res == 0; }
+
+#if !FMT_MSC_VER
+    bool fallback(detail::null<>) {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
+      std::tm* tm = std::localtime(&time_);
+      if (tm) tm_ = *tm;
+      return tm != nullptr;
+    }
+#endif
+  };
+  dispatcher lt(time);
+  // Too big time values may be unsupported.
+  if (!lt.run()) FMT_THROW(format_error("time_t value out of range"));
+  return lt.tm_;
+}
+
+inline std::tm localtime(
+    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock> time_point) {
+  return localtime(std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(time_point));
+}
+
+// Thread-safe replacement for std::gmtime
+inline std::tm gmtime(std::time_t time) {
+  struct dispatcher {
+    std::time_t time_;
+    std::tm tm_;
+
+    dispatcher(std::time_t t) : time_(t) {}
+
+    bool run() {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
+      return handle(gmtime_r(&time_, &tm_));
+    }
+
+    bool handle(std::tm* tm) { return tm != nullptr; }
+
+    bool handle(detail::null<>) {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
+      return fallback(gmtime_s(&tm_, &time_));
+    }
+
+    bool fallback(int res) { return res == 0; }
+
+#if !FMT_MSC_VER
+    bool fallback(detail::null<>) {
+      std::tm* tm = std::gmtime(&time_);
+      if (tm) tm_ = *tm;
+      return tm != nullptr;
+    }
+#endif
+  };
+  dispatcher gt(time);
+  // Too big time values may be unsupported.
+  if (!gt.run()) FMT_THROW(format_error("time_t value out of range"));
+  return gt.tm_;
+}
+
+inline std::tm gmtime(
+    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock> time_point) {
+  return gmtime(std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(time_point));
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+inline size_t strftime(char* str, size_t count, const char* format,
+                       const std::tm* time) {
+  return std::strftime(str, count, format, time);
+}
+
+inline size_t strftime(wchar_t* str, size_t count, const wchar_t* format,
+                       const std::tm* time) {
+  return std::wcsftime(str, count, format, time);
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock>, Char>
+    : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock> val,
+              FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    std::tm time = localtime(val);
+    return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::tm, Char> {
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto it = ctx.begin();
+    if (it != ctx.end() && *it == ':') ++it;
+    auto end = it;
+    while (end != ctx.end() && *end != '}') ++end;
+    tm_format.reserve(detail::to_unsigned(end - it + 1));
+    tm_format.append(it, end);
+    tm_format.push_back('\0');
+    return end;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const std::tm& tm, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
+    size_t start = buf.size();
+    for (;;) {
+      size_t size = buf.capacity() - start;
+      size_t count = detail::strftime(&buf[start], size, &tm_format[0], &tm);
+      if (count != 0) {
+        buf.resize(start + count);
+        break;
+      }
+      if (size >= tm_format.size() * 256) {
+        // If the buffer is 256 times larger than the format string, assume
+        // that `strftime` gives an empty result. There doesn't seem to be a
+        // better way to distinguish the two cases:
+        // https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/367
+        break;
+      }
+      const size_t MIN_GROWTH = 10;
+      buf.reserve(buf.capacity() + (size > MIN_GROWTH ? size : MIN_GROWTH));
+    }
+    return std::copy(buf.begin(), buf.end(), ctx.out());
+  }
+
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> tm_format;
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+template <typename Period> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units() {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::atto>() { return "as"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::femto>() { return "fs"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::pico>() { return "ps"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::nano>() { return "ns"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::micro>() { return "µs"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::milli>() { return "ms"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::centi>() { return "cs"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::deci>() { return "ds"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::ratio<1>>() { return "s"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::deca>() { return "das"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::hecto>() { return "hs"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::kilo>() { return "ks"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::mega>() { return "Ms"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::giga>() { return "Gs"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::tera>() { return "Ts"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::peta>() { return "Ps"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::exa>() { return "Es"; }
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::ratio<60>>() {
+  return "m";
+}
+template <> FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* get_units<std::ratio<3600>>() {
+  return "h";
+}
+
+enum class numeric_system {
+  standard,
+  // Alternative numeric system, e.g. 十二 instead of 12 in ja_JP locale.
+  alternative
+};
+
+// Parses a put_time-like format string and invokes handler actions.
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_chrono_format(const Char* begin,
+                                              const Char* end,
+                                              Handler&& handler) {
+  auto ptr = begin;
+  while (ptr != end) {
+    auto c = *ptr;
+    if (c == '}') break;
+    if (c != '%') {
+      ++ptr;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (begin != ptr) handler.on_text(begin, ptr);
+    ++ptr;  // consume '%'
+    if (ptr == end) FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+    c = *ptr++;
+    switch (c) {
+    case '%':
+      handler.on_text(ptr - 1, ptr);
+      break;
+    case 'n': {
+      const Char newline[] = {'\n'};
+      handler.on_text(newline, newline + 1);
+      break;
+    }
+    case 't': {
+      const Char tab[] = {'\t'};
+      handler.on_text(tab, tab + 1);
+      break;
+    }
+    // Day of the week:
+    case 'a':
+      handler.on_abbr_weekday();
+      break;
+    case 'A':
+      handler.on_full_weekday();
+      break;
+    case 'w':
+      handler.on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'u':
+      handler.on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    // Month:
+    case 'b':
+      handler.on_abbr_month();
+      break;
+    case 'B':
+      handler.on_full_month();
+      break;
+    // Hour, minute, second:
+    case 'H':
+      handler.on_24_hour(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'I':
+      handler.on_12_hour(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'M':
+      handler.on_minute(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'S':
+      handler.on_second(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    // Other:
+    case 'c':
+      handler.on_datetime(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'x':
+      handler.on_loc_date(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'X':
+      handler.on_loc_time(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'D':
+      handler.on_us_date();
+      break;
+    case 'F':
+      handler.on_iso_date();
+      break;
+    case 'r':
+      handler.on_12_hour_time();
+      break;
+    case 'R':
+      handler.on_24_hour_time();
+      break;
+    case 'T':
+      handler.on_iso_time();
+      break;
+    case 'p':
+      handler.on_am_pm();
+      break;
+    case 'Q':
+      handler.on_duration_value();
+      break;
+    case 'q':
+      handler.on_duration_unit();
+      break;
+    case 'z':
+      handler.on_utc_offset();
+      break;
+    case 'Z':
+      handler.on_tz_name();
+      break;
+    // Alternative representation:
+    case 'E': {
+      if (ptr == end) FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+      c = *ptr++;
+      switch (c) {
+      case 'c':
+        handler.on_datetime(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'x':
+        handler.on_loc_date(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'X':
+        handler.on_loc_time(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      default:
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'O':
+      if (ptr == end) FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+      c = *ptr++;
+      switch (c) {
+      case 'w':
+        handler.on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'u':
+        handler.on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'H':
+        handler.on_24_hour(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'I':
+        handler.on_12_hour(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'M':
+        handler.on_minute(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'S':
+        handler.on_second(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      default:
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+    }
+    begin = ptr;
+  }
+  if (begin != ptr) handler.on_text(begin, ptr);
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+struct chrono_format_checker {
+  FMT_NORETURN void report_no_date() { FMT_THROW(format_error("no date")); }
+
+  template <typename Char> void on_text(const Char*, const Char*) {}
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_abbr_weekday() { report_no_date(); }
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_full_weekday() { report_no_date(); }
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system) { report_no_date(); }
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system) { report_no_date(); }
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_abbr_month() { report_no_date(); }
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_full_month() { report_no_date(); }
+  void on_24_hour(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_12_hour(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_minute(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_second(numeric_system) {}
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_datetime(numeric_system) { report_no_date(); }
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_loc_date(numeric_system) { report_no_date(); }
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_loc_time(numeric_system) { report_no_date(); }
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_us_date() { report_no_date(); }
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_iso_date() { report_no_date(); }
+  void on_12_hour_time() {}
+  void on_24_hour_time() {}
+  void on_iso_time() {}
+  void on_am_pm() {}
+  void on_duration_value() {}
+  void on_duration_unit() {}
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_utc_offset() { report_no_date(); }
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_tz_name() { report_no_date(); }
+};
+
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline bool isnan(T) {
+  return false;
+}
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+inline bool isnan(T value) {
+  return std::isnan(value);
+}
+
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline bool isfinite(T) {
+  return true;
+}
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+inline bool isfinite(T value) {
+  return std::isfinite(value);
+}
+
+// Converts value to int and checks that it's in the range [0, upper).
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline int to_nonnegative_int(T value, int upper) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(value >= 0 && value <= upper, "invalid value");
+  (void)upper;
+  return static_cast<int>(value);
+}
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline int to_nonnegative_int(T value, int upper) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(
+      std::isnan(value) || (value >= 0 && value <= static_cast<T>(upper)),
+      "invalid value");
+  (void)upper;
+  return static_cast<int>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline T mod(T x, int y) {
+  return x % static_cast<T>(y);
+}
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+inline T mod(T x, int y) {
+  return std::fmod(x, static_cast<T>(y));
+}
+
+// If T is an integral type, maps T to its unsigned counterpart, otherwise
+// leaves it unchanged (unlike std::make_unsigned).
+template <typename T, bool INTEGRAL = std::is_integral<T>::value>
+struct make_unsigned_or_unchanged {
+  using type = T;
+};
+
+template <typename T> struct make_unsigned_or_unchanged<T, true> {
+  using type = typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type;
+};
+
+#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+// throwing version of safe_duration_cast
+template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod>
+To fmt_safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from) {
+  int ec;
+  To to = safe_duration_cast::safe_duration_cast<To>(from, ec);
+  if (ec) FMT_THROW(format_error("cannot format duration"));
+  return to;
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Rep>::value)>
+inline std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli> get_milliseconds(
+    std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d) {
+  // this may overflow and/or the result may not fit in the
+  // target type.
+#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+  using CommonSecondsType =
+      typename std::common_type<decltype(d), std::chrono::seconds>::type;
+  const auto d_as_common = fmt_safe_duration_cast<CommonSecondsType>(d);
+  const auto d_as_whole_seconds =
+      fmt_safe_duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d_as_common);
+  // this conversion should be nonproblematic
+  const auto diff = d_as_common - d_as_whole_seconds;
+  const auto ms =
+      fmt_safe_duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli>>(diff);
+  return ms;
+#else
+  auto s = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d);
+  return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(d - s);
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<Rep>::value)>
+inline std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli> get_milliseconds(
+    std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d) {
+  using common_type = typename std::common_type<Rep, std::intmax_t>::type;
+  auto ms = mod(d.count() * static_cast<common_type>(Period::num) /
+                    static_cast<common_type>(Period::den) * 1000,
+                1000);
+  return std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli>(static_cast<Rep>(ms));
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Rep, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt format_duration_value(OutputIt out, Rep val, int precision) {
+  const Char pr_f[] = {'{', ':', '.', '{', '}', 'f', '}', 0};
+  if (precision >= 0) return format_to(out, pr_f, val, precision);
+  const Char fp_f[] = {'{', ':', 'g', '}', 0};
+  const Char format[] = {'{', '}', 0};
+  return format_to(out, std::is_floating_point<Rep>::value ? fp_f : format,
+                   val);
+}
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, Char) {
+  return std::copy(unit.begin(), unit.end(), out);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, wchar_t) {
+  // This works when wchar_t is UTF-32 because units only contain characters
+  // that have the same representation in UTF-16 and UTF-32.
+  utf8_to_utf16 u(unit);
+  return std::copy(u.c_str(), u.c_str() + u.size(), out);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Period, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt format_duration_unit(OutputIt out) {
+  if (const char* unit = get_units<Period>())
+    return copy_unit(string_view(unit), out, Char());
+  const Char num_f[] = {'[', '{', '}', ']', 's', 0};
+  if (const_check(Period::den == 1)) return format_to(out, num_f, Period::num);
+  const Char num_def_f[] = {'[', '{', '}', '/', '{', '}', ']', 's', 0};
+  return format_to(out, num_def_f, Period::num, Period::den);
+}
+
+template <typename FormatContext, typename OutputIt, typename Rep,
+          typename Period>
+struct chrono_formatter {
+  FormatContext& context;
+  OutputIt out;
+  int precision;
+  // rep is unsigned to avoid overflow.
+  using rep =
+      conditional_t<std::is_integral<Rep>::value && sizeof(Rep) < sizeof(int),
+                    unsigned, typename make_unsigned_or_unchanged<Rep>::type>;
+  rep val;
+  using seconds = std::chrono::duration<rep>;
+  seconds s;
+  using milliseconds = std::chrono::duration<rep, std::milli>;
+  bool negative;
+
+  using char_type = typename FormatContext::char_type;
+
+  explicit chrono_formatter(FormatContext& ctx, OutputIt o,
+                            std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d)
+      : context(ctx),
+        out(o),
+        val(static_cast<rep>(d.count())),
+        negative(false) {
+    if (d.count() < 0) {
+      val = 0 - val;
+      negative = true;
+    }
+
+    // this may overflow and/or the result may not fit in the
+    // target type.
+#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+    // might need checked conversion (rep!=Rep)
+    auto tmpval = std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>(val);
+    s = fmt_safe_duration_cast<seconds>(tmpval);
+#else
+    s = std::chrono::duration_cast<seconds>(
+        std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>(val));
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // returns true if nan or inf, writes to out.
+  bool handle_nan_inf() {
+    if (isfinite(val)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (isnan(val)) {
+      write_nan();
+      return true;
+    }
+    // must be +-inf
+    if (val > 0) {
+      write_pinf();
+    } else {
+      write_ninf();
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  Rep hour() const { return static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 3600), 24)); }
+
+  Rep hour12() const {
+    Rep hour = static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 3600), 12));
+    return hour <= 0 ? 12 : hour;
+  }
+
+  Rep minute() const { return static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 60), 60)); }
+  Rep second() const { return static_cast<Rep>(mod(s.count(), 60)); }
+
+  std::tm time() const {
+    auto time = std::tm();
+    time.tm_hour = to_nonnegative_int(hour(), 24);
+    time.tm_min = to_nonnegative_int(minute(), 60);
+    time.tm_sec = to_nonnegative_int(second(), 60);
+    return time;
+  }
+
+  void write_sign() {
+    if (negative) {
+      *out++ = '-';
+      negative = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void write(Rep value, int width) {
+    write_sign();
+    if (isnan(value)) return write_nan();
+    uint32_or_64_or_128_t<int> n =
+        to_unsigned(to_nonnegative_int(value, max_value<int>()));
+    int num_digits = detail::count_digits(n);
+    if (width > num_digits) out = std::fill_n(out, width - num_digits, '0');
+    out = format_decimal<char_type>(out, n, num_digits).end;
+  }
+
+  void write_nan() { std::copy_n("nan", 3, out); }
+  void write_pinf() { std::copy_n("inf", 3, out); }
+  void write_ninf() { std::copy_n("-inf", 4, out); }
+
+  void format_localized(const tm& time, char format, char modifier = 0) {
+    if (isnan(val)) return write_nan();
+    auto locale = context.locale().template get<std::locale>();
+    auto& facet = std::use_facet<std::time_put<char_type>>(locale);
+    std::basic_ostringstream<char_type> os;
+    os.imbue(locale);
+    facet.put(os, os, ' ', &time, format, modifier);
+    auto str = os.str();
+    std::copy(str.begin(), str.end(), out);
+  }
+
+  void on_text(const char_type* begin, const char_type* end) {
+    std::copy(begin, end, out);
+  }
+
+  // These are not implemented because durations don't have date information.
+  void on_abbr_weekday() {}
+  void on_full_weekday() {}
+  void on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_abbr_month() {}
+  void on_full_month() {}
+  void on_datetime(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_loc_date(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_loc_time(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_us_date() {}
+  void on_iso_date() {}
+  void on_utc_offset() {}
+  void on_tz_name() {}
+
+  void on_24_hour(numeric_system ns) {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+
+    if (ns == numeric_system::standard) return write(hour(), 2);
+    auto time = tm();
+    time.tm_hour = to_nonnegative_int(hour(), 24);
+    format_localized(time, 'H', 'O');
+  }
+
+  void on_12_hour(numeric_system ns) {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+
+    if (ns == numeric_system::standard) return write(hour12(), 2);
+    auto time = tm();
+    time.tm_hour = to_nonnegative_int(hour12(), 12);
+    format_localized(time, 'I', 'O');
+  }
+
+  void on_minute(numeric_system ns) {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+
+    if (ns == numeric_system::standard) return write(minute(), 2);
+    auto time = tm();
+    time.tm_min = to_nonnegative_int(minute(), 60);
+    format_localized(time, 'M', 'O');
+  }
+
+  void on_second(numeric_system ns) {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+
+    if (ns == numeric_system::standard) {
+      write(second(), 2);
+#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+      // convert rep->Rep
+      using duration_rep = std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>;
+      using duration_Rep = std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>;
+      auto tmpval = fmt_safe_duration_cast<duration_Rep>(duration_rep{val});
+#else
+      auto tmpval = std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>(val);
+#endif
+      auto ms = get_milliseconds(tmpval);
+      if (ms != std::chrono::milliseconds(0)) {
+        *out++ = '.';
+        write(ms.count(), 3);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    auto time = tm();
+    time.tm_sec = to_nonnegative_int(second(), 60);
+    format_localized(time, 'S', 'O');
+  }
+
+  void on_12_hour_time() {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+    format_localized(time(), 'r');
+  }
+
+  void on_24_hour_time() {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) {
+      *out++ = ':';
+      handle_nan_inf();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    write(hour(), 2);
+    *out++ = ':';
+    write(minute(), 2);
+  }
+
+  void on_iso_time() {
+    on_24_hour_time();
+    *out++ = ':';
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+    write(second(), 2);
+  }
+
+  void on_am_pm() {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+    format_localized(time(), 'p');
+  }
+
+  void on_duration_value() {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+    write_sign();
+    out = format_duration_value<char_type>(out, val, precision);
+  }
+
+  void on_duration_unit() {
+    out = format_duration_unit<char_type, Period>(out);
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period, typename Char>
+struct formatter<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>, Char> {
+ private:
+  basic_format_specs<Char> specs;
+  int precision;
+  using arg_ref_type = detail::arg_ref<Char>;
+  arg_ref_type width_ref;
+  arg_ref_type precision_ref;
+  mutable basic_string_view<Char> format_str;
+  using duration = std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>;
+
+  struct spec_handler {
+    formatter& f;
+    basic_format_parse_context<Char>& context;
+    basic_string_view<Char> format_str;
+
+    template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(Id arg_id) {
+      context.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+      return arg_ref_type(arg_id);
+    }
+
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(basic_string_view<Char> arg_id) {
+      context.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+      return arg_ref_type(arg_id);
+    }
+
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(detail::auto_id) {
+      return arg_ref_type(context.next_arg_id());
+    }
+
+    void on_error(const char* msg) { FMT_THROW(format_error(msg)); }
+    void on_fill(basic_string_view<Char> fill) { f.specs.fill = fill; }
+    void on_align(align_t align) { f.specs.align = align; }
+    void on_width(int width) { f.specs.width = width; }
+    void on_precision(int _precision) { f.precision = _precision; }
+    void end_precision() {}
+
+    template <typename Id> void on_dynamic_width(Id arg_id) {
+      f.width_ref = make_arg_ref(arg_id);
+    }
+
+    template <typename Id> void on_dynamic_precision(Id arg_id) {
+      f.precision_ref = make_arg_ref(arg_id);
+    }
+  };
+
+  using iterator = typename basic_format_parse_context<Char>::iterator;
+  struct parse_range {
+    iterator begin;
+    iterator end;
+  };
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR parse_range do_parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx) {
+    auto begin = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
+    if (begin == end || *begin == '}') return {begin, begin};
+    spec_handler handler{*this, ctx, format_str};
+    begin = detail::parse_align(begin, end, handler);
+    if (begin == end) return {begin, begin};
+    begin = detail::parse_width(begin, end, handler);
+    if (begin == end) return {begin, begin};
+    if (*begin == '.') {
+      if (std::is_floating_point<Rep>::value)
+        begin = detail::parse_precision(begin, end, handler);
+      else
+        handler.on_error("precision not allowed for this argument type");
+    }
+    end = parse_chrono_format(begin, end, detail::chrono_format_checker());
+    return {begin, end};
+  }
+
+ public:
+  formatter() : precision(-1) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto range = do_parse(ctx);
+    format_str = basic_string_view<Char>(
+        &*range.begin, detail::to_unsigned(range.end - range.begin));
+    return range.end;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const duration& d, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto begin = format_str.begin(), end = format_str.end();
+    // As a possible future optimization, we could avoid extra copying if width
+    // is not specified.
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
+    auto out = std::back_inserter(buf);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs.width, width_ref,
+                                                       ctx);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(precision,
+                                                           precision_ref, ctx);
+    if (begin == end || *begin == '}') {
+      out = detail::format_duration_value<Char>(out, d.count(), precision);
+      detail::format_duration_unit<Char, Period>(out);
+    } else {
+      detail::chrono_formatter<FormatContext, decltype(out), Rep, Period> f(
+          ctx, out, d);
+      f.precision = precision;
+      parse_chrono_format(begin, end, f);
+    }
+    return detail::write(
+        ctx.out(), basic_string_view<Char>(buf.data(), buf.size()), specs);
+  }
+};
+
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_CHRONO_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/color.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/color.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..94e3419d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/color.h
@@ -0,0 +1,603 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - color support
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018 - present, Victor Zverovich and fmt contributors
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_COLOR_H_
+#define FMT_COLOR_H_
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+enum class color : uint32_t {
+  alice_blue = 0xF0F8FF,               // rgb(240,248,255)
+  antique_white = 0xFAEBD7,            // rgb(250,235,215)
+  aqua = 0x00FFFF,                     // rgb(0,255,255)
+  aquamarine = 0x7FFFD4,               // rgb(127,255,212)
+  azure = 0xF0FFFF,                    // rgb(240,255,255)
+  beige = 0xF5F5DC,                    // rgb(245,245,220)
+  bisque = 0xFFE4C4,                   // rgb(255,228,196)
+  black = 0x000000,                    // rgb(0,0,0)
+  blanched_almond = 0xFFEBCD,          // rgb(255,235,205)
+  blue = 0x0000FF,                     // rgb(0,0,255)
+  blue_violet = 0x8A2BE2,              // rgb(138,43,226)
+  brown = 0xA52A2A,                    // rgb(165,42,42)
+  burly_wood = 0xDEB887,               // rgb(222,184,135)
+  cadet_blue = 0x5F9EA0,               // rgb(95,158,160)
+  chartreuse = 0x7FFF00,               // rgb(127,255,0)
+  chocolate = 0xD2691E,                // rgb(210,105,30)
+  coral = 0xFF7F50,                    // rgb(255,127,80)
+  cornflower_blue = 0x6495ED,          // rgb(100,149,237)
+  cornsilk = 0xFFF8DC,                 // rgb(255,248,220)
+  crimson = 0xDC143C,                  // rgb(220,20,60)
+  cyan = 0x00FFFF,                     // rgb(0,255,255)
+  dark_blue = 0x00008B,                // rgb(0,0,139)
+  dark_cyan = 0x008B8B,                // rgb(0,139,139)
+  dark_golden_rod = 0xB8860B,          // rgb(184,134,11)
+  dark_gray = 0xA9A9A9,                // rgb(169,169,169)
+  dark_green = 0x006400,               // rgb(0,100,0)
+  dark_khaki = 0xBDB76B,               // rgb(189,183,107)
+  dark_magenta = 0x8B008B,             // rgb(139,0,139)
+  dark_olive_green = 0x556B2F,         // rgb(85,107,47)
+  dark_orange = 0xFF8C00,              // rgb(255,140,0)
+  dark_orchid = 0x9932CC,              // rgb(153,50,204)
+  dark_red = 0x8B0000,                 // rgb(139,0,0)
+  dark_salmon = 0xE9967A,              // rgb(233,150,122)
+  dark_sea_green = 0x8FBC8F,           // rgb(143,188,143)
+  dark_slate_blue = 0x483D8B,          // rgb(72,61,139)
+  dark_slate_gray = 0x2F4F4F,          // rgb(47,79,79)
+  dark_turquoise = 0x00CED1,           // rgb(0,206,209)
+  dark_violet = 0x9400D3,              // rgb(148,0,211)
+  deep_pink = 0xFF1493,                // rgb(255,20,147)
+  deep_sky_blue = 0x00BFFF,            // rgb(0,191,255)
+  dim_gray = 0x696969,                 // rgb(105,105,105)
+  dodger_blue = 0x1E90FF,              // rgb(30,144,255)
+  fire_brick = 0xB22222,               // rgb(178,34,34)
+  floral_white = 0xFFFAF0,             // rgb(255,250,240)
+  forest_green = 0x228B22,             // rgb(34,139,34)
+  fuchsia = 0xFF00FF,                  // rgb(255,0,255)
+  gainsboro = 0xDCDCDC,                // rgb(220,220,220)
+  ghost_white = 0xF8F8FF,              // rgb(248,248,255)
+  gold = 0xFFD700,                     // rgb(255,215,0)
+  golden_rod = 0xDAA520,               // rgb(218,165,32)
+  gray = 0x808080,                     // rgb(128,128,128)
+  green = 0x008000,                    // rgb(0,128,0)
+  green_yellow = 0xADFF2F,             // rgb(173,255,47)
+  honey_dew = 0xF0FFF0,                // rgb(240,255,240)
+  hot_pink = 0xFF69B4,                 // rgb(255,105,180)
+  indian_red = 0xCD5C5C,               // rgb(205,92,92)
+  indigo = 0x4B0082,                   // rgb(75,0,130)
+  ivory = 0xFFFFF0,                    // rgb(255,255,240)
+  khaki = 0xF0E68C,                    // rgb(240,230,140)
+  lavender = 0xE6E6FA,                 // rgb(230,230,250)
+  lavender_blush = 0xFFF0F5,           // rgb(255,240,245)
+  lawn_green = 0x7CFC00,               // rgb(124,252,0)
+  lemon_chiffon = 0xFFFACD,            // rgb(255,250,205)
+  light_blue = 0xADD8E6,               // rgb(173,216,230)
+  light_coral = 0xF08080,              // rgb(240,128,128)
+  light_cyan = 0xE0FFFF,               // rgb(224,255,255)
+  light_golden_rod_yellow = 0xFAFAD2,  // rgb(250,250,210)
+  light_gray = 0xD3D3D3,               // rgb(211,211,211)
+  light_green = 0x90EE90,              // rgb(144,238,144)
+  light_pink = 0xFFB6C1,               // rgb(255,182,193)
+  light_salmon = 0xFFA07A,             // rgb(255,160,122)
+  light_sea_green = 0x20B2AA,          // rgb(32,178,170)
+  light_sky_blue = 0x87CEFA,           // rgb(135,206,250)
+  light_slate_gray = 0x778899,         // rgb(119,136,153)
+  light_steel_blue = 0xB0C4DE,         // rgb(176,196,222)
+  light_yellow = 0xFFFFE0,             // rgb(255,255,224)
+  lime = 0x00FF00,                     // rgb(0,255,0)
+  lime_green = 0x32CD32,               // rgb(50,205,50)
+  linen = 0xFAF0E6,                    // rgb(250,240,230)
+  magenta = 0xFF00FF,                  // rgb(255,0,255)
+  maroon = 0x800000,                   // rgb(128,0,0)
+  medium_aquamarine = 0x66CDAA,        // rgb(102,205,170)
+  medium_blue = 0x0000CD,              // rgb(0,0,205)
+  medium_orchid = 0xBA55D3,            // rgb(186,85,211)
+  medium_purple = 0x9370DB,            // rgb(147,112,219)
+  medium_sea_green = 0x3CB371,         // rgb(60,179,113)
+  medium_slate_blue = 0x7B68EE,        // rgb(123,104,238)
+  medium_spring_green = 0x00FA9A,      // rgb(0,250,154)
+  medium_turquoise = 0x48D1CC,         // rgb(72,209,204)
+  medium_violet_red = 0xC71585,        // rgb(199,21,133)
+  midnight_blue = 0x191970,            // rgb(25,25,112)
+  mint_cream = 0xF5FFFA,               // rgb(245,255,250)
+  misty_rose = 0xFFE4E1,               // rgb(255,228,225)
+  moccasin = 0xFFE4B5,                 // rgb(255,228,181)
+  navajo_white = 0xFFDEAD,             // rgb(255,222,173)
+  navy = 0x000080,                     // rgb(0,0,128)
+  old_lace = 0xFDF5E6,                 // rgb(253,245,230)
+  olive = 0x808000,                    // rgb(128,128,0)
+  olive_drab = 0x6B8E23,               // rgb(107,142,35)
+  orange = 0xFFA500,                   // rgb(255,165,0)
+  orange_red = 0xFF4500,               // rgb(255,69,0)
+  orchid = 0xDA70D6,                   // rgb(218,112,214)
+  pale_golden_rod = 0xEEE8AA,          // rgb(238,232,170)
+  pale_green = 0x98FB98,               // rgb(152,251,152)
+  pale_turquoise = 0xAFEEEE,           // rgb(175,238,238)
+  pale_violet_red = 0xDB7093,          // rgb(219,112,147)
+  papaya_whip = 0xFFEFD5,              // rgb(255,239,213)
+  peach_puff = 0xFFDAB9,               // rgb(255,218,185)
+  peru = 0xCD853F,                     // rgb(205,133,63)
+  pink = 0xFFC0CB,                     // rgb(255,192,203)
+  plum = 0xDDA0DD,                     // rgb(221,160,221)
+  powder_blue = 0xB0E0E6,              // rgb(176,224,230)
+  purple = 0x800080,                   // rgb(128,0,128)
+  rebecca_purple = 0x663399,           // rgb(102,51,153)
+  red = 0xFF0000,                      // rgb(255,0,0)
+  rosy_brown = 0xBC8F8F,               // rgb(188,143,143)
+  royal_blue = 0x4169E1,               // rgb(65,105,225)
+  saddle_brown = 0x8B4513,             // rgb(139,69,19)
+  salmon = 0xFA8072,                   // rgb(250,128,114)
+  sandy_brown = 0xF4A460,              // rgb(244,164,96)
+  sea_green = 0x2E8B57,                // rgb(46,139,87)
+  sea_shell = 0xFFF5EE,                // rgb(255,245,238)
+  sienna = 0xA0522D,                   // rgb(160,82,45)
+  silver = 0xC0C0C0,                   // rgb(192,192,192)
+  sky_blue = 0x87CEEB,                 // rgb(135,206,235)
+  slate_blue = 0x6A5ACD,               // rgb(106,90,205)
+  slate_gray = 0x708090,               // rgb(112,128,144)
+  snow = 0xFFFAFA,                     // rgb(255,250,250)
+  spring_green = 0x00FF7F,             // rgb(0,255,127)
+  steel_blue = 0x4682B4,               // rgb(70,130,180)
+  tan = 0xD2B48C,                      // rgb(210,180,140)
+  teal = 0x008080,                     // rgb(0,128,128)
+  thistle = 0xD8BFD8,                  // rgb(216,191,216)
+  tomato = 0xFF6347,                   // rgb(255,99,71)
+  turquoise = 0x40E0D0,                // rgb(64,224,208)
+  violet = 0xEE82EE,                   // rgb(238,130,238)
+  wheat = 0xF5DEB3,                    // rgb(245,222,179)
+  white = 0xFFFFFF,                    // rgb(255,255,255)
+  white_smoke = 0xF5F5F5,              // rgb(245,245,245)
+  yellow = 0xFFFF00,                   // rgb(255,255,0)
+  yellow_green = 0x9ACD32              // rgb(154,205,50)
+};                                     // enum class color
+
+enum class terminal_color : uint8_t {
+  black = 30,
+  red,
+  green,
+  yellow,
+  blue,
+  magenta,
+  cyan,
+  white,
+  bright_black = 90,
+  bright_red,
+  bright_green,
+  bright_yellow,
+  bright_blue,
+  bright_magenta,
+  bright_cyan,
+  bright_white
+};
+
+enum class emphasis : uint8_t {
+  bold = 1,
+  italic = 1 << 1,
+  underline = 1 << 2,
+  strikethrough = 1 << 3
+};
+
+// rgb is a struct for red, green and blue colors.
+// Using the name "rgb" makes some editors show the color in a tooltip.
+struct rgb {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR rgb() : r(0), g(0), b(0) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR rgb(uint8_t r_, uint8_t g_, uint8_t b_) : r(r_), g(g_), b(b_) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR rgb(uint32_t hex)
+      : r((hex >> 16) & 0xFF), g((hex >> 8) & 0xFF), b(hex & 0xFF) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR rgb(color hex)
+      : r((uint32_t(hex) >> 16) & 0xFF),
+        g((uint32_t(hex) >> 8) & 0xFF),
+        b(uint32_t(hex) & 0xFF) {}
+  uint8_t r;
+  uint8_t g;
+  uint8_t b;
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+// color is a struct of either a rgb color or a terminal color.
+struct color_type {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR color_type() FMT_NOEXCEPT : is_rgb(), value{} {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR color_type(color rgb_color) FMT_NOEXCEPT : is_rgb(true),
+                                                           value{} {
+    value.rgb_color = static_cast<uint32_t>(rgb_color);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR color_type(rgb rgb_color) FMT_NOEXCEPT : is_rgb(true), value{} {
+    value.rgb_color = (static_cast<uint32_t>(rgb_color.r) << 16) |
+                      (static_cast<uint32_t>(rgb_color.g) << 8) | rgb_color.b;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR color_type(terminal_color term_color) FMT_NOEXCEPT : is_rgb(),
+                                                                     value{} {
+    value.term_color = static_cast<uint8_t>(term_color);
+  }
+  bool is_rgb;
+  union color_union {
+    uint8_t term_color;
+    uint32_t rgb_color;
+  } value;
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// Experimental text formatting support.
+class text_style {
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style(emphasis em = emphasis()) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : set_foreground_color(),
+        set_background_color(),
+        ems(em) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style& operator|=(const text_style& rhs) {
+    if (!set_foreground_color) {
+      set_foreground_color = rhs.set_foreground_color;
+      foreground_color = rhs.foreground_color;
+    } else if (rhs.set_foreground_color) {
+      if (!foreground_color.is_rgb || !rhs.foreground_color.is_rgb)
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't OR a terminal color"));
+      foreground_color.value.rgb_color |= rhs.foreground_color.value.rgb_color;
+    }
+
+    if (!set_background_color) {
+      set_background_color = rhs.set_background_color;
+      background_color = rhs.background_color;
+    } else if (rhs.set_background_color) {
+      if (!background_color.is_rgb || !rhs.background_color.is_rgb)
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't OR a terminal color"));
+      background_color.value.rgb_color |= rhs.background_color.value.rgb_color;
+    }
+
+    ems = static_cast<emphasis>(static_cast<uint8_t>(ems) |
+                                static_cast<uint8_t>(rhs.ems));
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style operator|(text_style lhs,
+                                            const text_style& rhs) {
+    return lhs |= rhs;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style& operator&=(const text_style& rhs) {
+    if (!set_foreground_color) {
+      set_foreground_color = rhs.set_foreground_color;
+      foreground_color = rhs.foreground_color;
+    } else if (rhs.set_foreground_color) {
+      if (!foreground_color.is_rgb || !rhs.foreground_color.is_rgb)
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't AND a terminal color"));
+      foreground_color.value.rgb_color &= rhs.foreground_color.value.rgb_color;
+    }
+
+    if (!set_background_color) {
+      set_background_color = rhs.set_background_color;
+      background_color = rhs.background_color;
+    } else if (rhs.set_background_color) {
+      if (!background_color.is_rgb || !rhs.background_color.is_rgb)
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't AND a terminal color"));
+      background_color.value.rgb_color &= rhs.background_color.value.rgb_color;
+    }
+
+    ems = static_cast<emphasis>(static_cast<uint8_t>(ems) &
+                                static_cast<uint8_t>(rhs.ems));
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style operator&(text_style lhs,
+                                            const text_style& rhs) {
+    return lhs &= rhs;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_foreground() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return set_foreground_color;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_background() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return set_background_color;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_emphasis() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(ems) != 0;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::color_type get_foreground() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(has_foreground(), "no foreground specified for this style");
+    return foreground_color;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::color_type get_background() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(has_background(), "no background specified for this style");
+    return background_color;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR emphasis get_emphasis() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(has_emphasis(), "no emphasis specified for this style");
+    return ems;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style(bool is_foreground,
+                           detail::color_type text_color) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : set_foreground_color(),
+        set_background_color(),
+        ems() {
+    if (is_foreground) {
+      foreground_color = text_color;
+      set_foreground_color = true;
+    } else {
+      background_color = text_color;
+      set_background_color = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL text_style fg(detail::color_type foreground)
+      FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL text_style bg(detail::color_type background)
+      FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+  detail::color_type foreground_color;
+  detail::color_type background_color;
+  bool set_foreground_color;
+  bool set_background_color;
+  emphasis ems;
+};
+
+FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style fg(detail::color_type foreground) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return text_style(/*is_foreground=*/true, foreground);
+}
+
+FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style bg(detail::color_type background) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return text_style(/*is_foreground=*/false, background);
+}
+
+FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style operator|(emphasis lhs, emphasis rhs) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return text_style(lhs) | rhs;
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Char> struct ansi_color_escape {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape(detail::color_type text_color,
+                                  const char* esc) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    // If we have a terminal color, we need to output another escape code
+    // sequence.
+    if (!text_color.is_rgb) {
+      bool is_background = esc == detail::data::background_color;
+      uint32_t value = text_color.value.term_color;
+      // Background ASCII codes are the same as the foreground ones but with
+      // 10 more.
+      if (is_background) value += 10u;
+
+      size_t index = 0;
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('\x1b');
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('[');
+
+      if (value >= 100u) {
+        buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('1');
+        value %= 100u;
+      }
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('0' + value / 10u);
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('0' + value % 10u);
+
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('m');
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('\0');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
+      buffer[i] = static_cast<Char>(esc[i]);
+    }
+    rgb color(text_color.value.rgb_color);
+    to_esc(color.r, buffer + 7, ';');
+    to_esc(color.g, buffer + 11, ';');
+    to_esc(color.b, buffer + 15, 'm');
+    buffer[19] = static_cast<Char>(0);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape(emphasis em) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    uint8_t em_codes[4] = {};
+    uint8_t em_bits = static_cast<uint8_t>(em);
+    if (em_bits & static_cast<uint8_t>(emphasis::bold)) em_codes[0] = 1;
+    if (em_bits & static_cast<uint8_t>(emphasis::italic)) em_codes[1] = 3;
+    if (em_bits & static_cast<uint8_t>(emphasis::underline)) em_codes[2] = 4;
+    if (em_bits & static_cast<uint8_t>(emphasis::strikethrough))
+      em_codes[3] = 9;
+
+    size_t index = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+      if (!em_codes[i]) continue;
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('\x1b');
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('[');
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('0' + em_codes[i]);
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('m');
+    }
+    buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>(0);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR operator const Char*() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return buffer; }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* begin() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return buffer; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* end() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return buffer + std::char_traits<Char>::length(buffer);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Char buffer[7u + 3u * 4u + 1u];
+
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR void to_esc(uint8_t c, Char* out,
+                                   char delimiter) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    out[0] = static_cast<Char>('0' + c / 100);
+    out[1] = static_cast<Char>('0' + c / 10 % 10);
+    out[2] = static_cast<Char>('0' + c % 10);
+    out[3] = static_cast<Char>(delimiter);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_foreground_color(
+    detail::color_type foreground) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return ansi_color_escape<Char>(foreground, detail::data::foreground_color);
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_background_color(
+    detail::color_type background) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return ansi_color_escape<Char>(background, detail::data::background_color);
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_emphasis(emphasis em) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return ansi_color_escape<Char>(em);
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+inline void fputs(const Char* chars, FILE* stream) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  std::fputs(chars, stream);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline void fputs<wchar_t>(const wchar_t* chars, FILE* stream) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  std::fputws(chars, stream);
+}
+
+template <typename Char> inline void reset_color(FILE* stream) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  fputs(detail::data::reset_color, stream);
+}
+
+template <> inline void reset_color<wchar_t>(FILE* stream) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  fputs(detail::data::wreset_color, stream);
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+inline void reset_color(buffer<Char>& buffer) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  const char* begin = data::reset_color;
+  const char* end = begin + sizeof(data::reset_color) - 1;
+  buffer.append(begin, end);
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, const text_style& ts,
+                basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+                basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  bool has_style = false;
+  if (ts.has_emphasis()) {
+    has_style = true;
+    auto emphasis = detail::make_emphasis<Char>(ts.get_emphasis());
+    buf.append(emphasis.begin(), emphasis.end());
+  }
+  if (ts.has_foreground()) {
+    has_style = true;
+    auto foreground = detail::make_foreground_color<Char>(ts.get_foreground());
+    buf.append(foreground.begin(), foreground.end());
+  }
+  if (ts.has_background()) {
+    has_style = true;
+    auto background = detail::make_background_color<Char>(ts.get_background());
+    buf.append(background.begin(), background.end());
+  }
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, format_str, args);
+  if (has_style) detail::reset_color<Char>(buf);
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+void vprint(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, const S& format,
+            basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, to_string_view(format), args);
+  buf.push_back(Char(0));
+  detail::fputs(buf.data(), f);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats a string and prints it to the specified file stream using ANSI
+  escape sequences to specify text formatting.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+               "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
+void print(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+           const Args&... args) {
+  vprint(f, ts, format_str,
+         fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+}
+
+/**
+  Formats a string and prints it to stdout using ANSI escape sequences to
+  specify text formatting.
+  Example:
+    fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+               "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
+void print(const text_style& ts, const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
+  return print(stdout, ts, format_str, args...);
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
+    const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, to_string_view(format_str), args);
+  return fmt::to_string(buf);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats arguments and returns the result as a string using ANSI
+  escape sequences to specify text formatting.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    #include <fmt/color.h>
+    std::string message = fmt::format(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+                                      "The answer is {}", 42);
+  \endrst
+*/
+template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline std::basic_string<Char> format(const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+                                      const Args&... args) {
+  return vformat(ts, to_string_view(format_str),
+                 fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+}
+
+/**
+  Formats a string with the given text_style and writes the output to ``out``.
+ */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value)>
+OutputIt vformat_to(
+    OutputIt out, const text_style& ts, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  decltype(detail::get_buffer<Char>(out)) buf(detail::get_buffer_init(out));
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, format_str, args);
+  return detail::get_iterator(buf);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats arguments with the given text_style, writes the result to the output
+  iterator ``out`` and returns the iterator past the end of the output range.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    std::vector<char> out;
+    fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out),
+                   fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red), "{}", 42);
+  \endrst
+*/
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char_t<S>>::value&&
+              detail::is_string<S>::value>
+inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+                      Args&&... args) ->
+    typename std::enable_if<enable, OutputIt>::type {
+  return vformat_to(out, ts, to_string_view(format_str),
+                    fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+}
+
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_COLOR_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/compile.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/compile.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3a33b020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/compile.h
@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - experimental format string compilation
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich and fmt contributors
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_COMPILE_H_
+#define FMT_COMPILE_H_
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+
+// A compile-time string which is compiled into fast formatting code.
+class compiled_string {};
+
+template <typename S>
+struct is_compiled_string : std::is_base_of<compiled_string, S> {};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Converts a string literal *s* into a format string that will be parsed at
+  compile time and converted into efficient formatting code. Requires C++17
+  ``constexpr if`` compiler support.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    // Converts 42 into std::string using the most efficient method and no
+    // runtime format string processing.
+    std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42);
+  \endrst
+ */
+#define FMT_COMPILE(s) FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, fmt::detail::compiled_string)
+
+template <typename T, typename... Tail>
+const T& first(const T& value, const Tail&...) {
+  return value;
+}
+
+// Part of a compiled format string. It can be either literal text or a
+// replacement field.
+template <typename Char> struct format_part {
+  enum class kind { arg_index, arg_name, text, replacement };
+
+  struct replacement {
+    arg_ref<Char> arg_id;
+    dynamic_format_specs<Char> specs;
+  };
+
+  kind part_kind;
+  union value {
+    int arg_index;
+    basic_string_view<Char> str;
+    replacement repl;
+
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR value(int index = 0) : arg_index(index) {}
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR value(basic_string_view<Char> s) : str(s) {}
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR value(replacement r) : repl(r) {}
+  } val;
+  // Position past the end of the argument id.
+  const Char* arg_id_end = nullptr;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR format_part(kind k = kind::arg_index, value v = {})
+      : part_kind(k), val(v) {}
+
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR format_part make_arg_index(int index) {
+    return format_part(kind::arg_index, index);
+  }
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR format_part make_arg_name(basic_string_view<Char> name) {
+    return format_part(kind::arg_name, name);
+  }
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR format_part make_text(basic_string_view<Char> text) {
+    return format_part(kind::text, text);
+  }
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR format_part make_replacement(replacement repl) {
+    return format_part(kind::replacement, repl);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct part_counter {
+  unsigned num_parts = 0;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char* begin, const Char* end) {
+    if (begin != end) ++num_parts;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id() { return ++num_parts, 0; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(int) { return ++num_parts, 0; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char>) {
+    return ++num_parts, 0;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_replacement_field(int, const Char*) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* on_format_specs(int, const Char* begin,
+                                            const Char* end) {
+    // Find the matching brace.
+    unsigned brace_counter = 0;
+    for (; begin != end; ++begin) {
+      if (*begin == '{') {
+        ++brace_counter;
+      } else if (*begin == '}') {
+        if (brace_counter == 0u) break;
+        --brace_counter;
+      }
+    }
+    return begin;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char*) {}
+};
+
+// Counts the number of parts in a format string.
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned count_parts(basic_string_view<Char> format_str) {
+  part_counter<Char> counter;
+  parse_format_string<true>(format_str, counter);
+  return counter.num_parts;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename PartHandler>
+class format_string_compiler : public error_handler {
+ private:
+  using part = format_part<Char>;
+
+  PartHandler handler_;
+  part part_;
+  basic_string_view<Char> format_str_;
+  basic_format_parse_context<Char> parse_context_;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR format_string_compiler(basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+                                       PartHandler handler)
+      : handler_(handler),
+        format_str_(format_str),
+        parse_context_(format_str) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char* begin, const Char* end) {
+    if (begin != end)
+      handler_(part::make_text({begin, to_unsigned(end - begin)}));
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id() {
+    part_ = part::make_arg_index(parse_context_.next_arg_id());
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(int id) {
+    parse_context_.check_arg_id(id);
+    part_ = part::make_arg_index(id);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+    part_ = part::make_arg_name(id);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_replacement_field(int, const Char* ptr) {
+    part_.arg_id_end = ptr;
+    handler_(part_);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* on_format_specs(int, const Char* begin,
+                                            const Char* end) {
+    auto repl = typename part::replacement();
+    dynamic_specs_handler<basic_format_parse_context<Char>> handler(
+        repl.specs, parse_context_);
+    auto it = parse_format_specs(begin, end, handler);
+    if (*it != '}') on_error("missing '}' in format string");
+    repl.arg_id = part_.part_kind == part::kind::arg_index
+                      ? arg_ref<Char>(part_.val.arg_index)
+                      : arg_ref<Char>(part_.val.str);
+    auto part = part::make_replacement(repl);
+    part.arg_id_end = begin;
+    handler_(part);
+    return it;
+  }
+};
+
+// Compiles a format string and invokes handler(part) for each parsed part.
+template <bool IS_CONSTEXPR, typename Char, typename PartHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void compile_format_string(basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+                                         PartHandler handler) {
+  parse_format_string<IS_CONSTEXPR>(
+      format_str,
+      format_string_compiler<Char, PartHandler>(format_str, handler));
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Context, typename Id>
+void format_arg(
+    basic_format_parse_context<typename Context::char_type>& parse_ctx,
+    Context& ctx, Id arg_id) {
+  ctx.advance_to(visit_format_arg(
+      arg_formatter<OutputIt, typename Context::char_type>(ctx, &parse_ctx),
+      ctx.arg(arg_id)));
+}
+
+// vformat_to is defined in a subnamespace to prevent ADL.
+namespace cf {
+template <typename Context, typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat>
+auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, CompiledFormat& cf,
+                basic_format_args<Context> args) -> typename Context::iterator {
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+  basic_format_parse_context<char_type> parse_ctx(
+      to_string_view(cf.format_str_));
+  Context ctx(out, args);
+
+  const auto& parts = cf.parts();
+  for (auto part_it = std::begin(parts); part_it != std::end(parts);
+       ++part_it) {
+    const auto& part = *part_it;
+    const auto& value = part.val;
+
+    using format_part_t = format_part<char_type>;
+    switch (part.part_kind) {
+    case format_part_t::kind::text: {
+      const auto text = value.str;
+      auto output = ctx.out();
+      auto&& it = reserve(output, text.size());
+      it = std::copy_n(text.begin(), text.size(), it);
+      ctx.advance_to(output);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    case format_part_t::kind::arg_index:
+      advance_to(parse_ctx, part.arg_id_end);
+      detail::format_arg<OutputIt>(parse_ctx, ctx, value.arg_index);
+      break;
+
+    case format_part_t::kind::arg_name:
+      advance_to(parse_ctx, part.arg_id_end);
+      detail::format_arg<OutputIt>(parse_ctx, ctx, value.str);
+      break;
+
+    case format_part_t::kind::replacement: {
+      const auto& arg_id_value = value.repl.arg_id.val;
+      const auto arg = value.repl.arg_id.kind == arg_id_kind::index
+                           ? ctx.arg(arg_id_value.index)
+                           : ctx.arg(arg_id_value.name);
+
+      auto specs = value.repl.specs;
+
+      handle_dynamic_spec<width_checker>(specs.width, specs.width_ref, ctx);
+      handle_dynamic_spec<precision_checker>(specs.precision,
+                                             specs.precision_ref, ctx);
+
+      error_handler h;
+      numeric_specs_checker<error_handler> checker(h, arg.type());
+      if (specs.align == align::numeric) checker.require_numeric_argument();
+      if (specs.sign != sign::none) checker.check_sign();
+      if (specs.alt) checker.require_numeric_argument();
+      if (specs.precision >= 0) checker.check_precision();
+
+      advance_to(parse_ctx, part.arg_id_end);
+      ctx.advance_to(
+          visit_format_arg(arg_formatter<OutputIt, typename Context::char_type>(
+                               ctx, nullptr, &specs),
+                           arg));
+      break;
+    }
+    }
+  }
+  return ctx.out();
+}
+}  // namespace cf
+
+struct basic_compiled_format {};
+
+template <typename S, typename = void>
+struct compiled_format_base : basic_compiled_format {
+  using char_type = char_t<S>;
+  using parts_container = std::vector<detail::format_part<char_type>>;
+
+  parts_container compiled_parts;
+
+  explicit compiled_format_base(basic_string_view<char_type> format_str) {
+    compile_format_string<false>(format_str,
+                                 [this](const format_part<char_type>& part) {
+                                   compiled_parts.push_back(part);
+                                 });
+  }
+
+  const parts_container& parts() const { return compiled_parts; }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, unsigned N> struct format_part_array {
+  format_part<Char> data[N] = {};
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR format_part_array() = default;
+};
+
+template <typename Char, unsigned N>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR format_part_array<Char, N> compile_to_parts(
+    basic_string_view<Char> format_str) {
+  format_part_array<Char, N> parts;
+  unsigned counter = 0;
+  // This is not a lambda for compatibility with older compilers.
+  struct {
+    format_part<Char>* parts;
+    unsigned* counter;
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(const format_part<Char>& part) {
+      parts[(*counter)++] = part;
+    }
+  } collector{parts.data, &counter};
+  compile_format_string<true>(format_str, collector);
+  if (counter < N) {
+    parts.data[counter] =
+        format_part<Char>::make_text(basic_string_view<Char>());
+  }
+  return parts;
+}
+
+template <typename T> constexpr const T& constexpr_max(const T& a, const T& b) {
+  return (a < b) ? b : a;
+}
+
+template <typename S>
+struct compiled_format_base<S, enable_if_t<is_compile_string<S>::value>>
+    : basic_compiled_format {
+  using char_type = char_t<S>;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit compiled_format_base(basic_string_view<char_type>) {}
+
+// Workaround for old compilers. Format string compilation will not be
+// performed there anyway.
+#if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const unsigned num_format_parts =
+      constexpr_max(count_parts(to_string_view(S())), 1u);
+#else
+  static const unsigned num_format_parts = 1;
+#endif
+
+  using parts_container = format_part<char_type>[num_format_parts];
+
+  const parts_container& parts() const {
+    static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const auto compiled_parts =
+        compile_to_parts<char_type, num_format_parts>(
+            detail::to_string_view(S()));
+    return compiled_parts.data;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args>
+class compiled_format : private compiled_format_base<S> {
+ public:
+  using typename compiled_format_base<S>::char_type;
+
+ private:
+  basic_string_view<char_type> format_str_;
+
+  template <typename Context, typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat>
+  friend auto cf::vformat_to(OutputIt out, CompiledFormat& cf,
+                             basic_format_args<Context> args) ->
+      typename Context::iterator;
+
+ public:
+  compiled_format() = delete;
+  explicit constexpr compiled_format(basic_string_view<char_type> format_str)
+      : compiled_format_base<S>(format_str), format_str_(format_str) {}
+};
+
+#ifdef __cpp_if_constexpr
+template <typename... Args> struct type_list {};
+
+// Returns a reference to the argument at index N from [first, rest...].
+template <int N, typename T, typename... Args>
+constexpr const auto& get([[maybe_unused]] const T& first,
+                          [[maybe_unused]] const Args&... rest) {
+  static_assert(N < 1 + sizeof...(Args), "index is out of bounds");
+  if constexpr (N == 0)
+    return first;
+  else
+    return get<N - 1>(rest...);
+}
+
+template <int N, typename> struct get_type_impl;
+
+template <int N, typename... Args> struct get_type_impl<N, type_list<Args...>> {
+  using type = remove_cvref_t<decltype(get<N>(std::declval<Args>()...))>;
+};
+
+template <int N, typename T>
+using get_type = typename get_type_impl<N, T>::type;
+
+template <typename T> struct is_compiled_format : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename Char> struct text {
+  basic_string_view<Char> data;
+  using char_type = Char;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&...) const {
+    return write<Char>(out, data);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct is_compiled_format<text<Char>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename Char>
+constexpr text<Char> make_text(basic_string_view<Char> s, size_t pos,
+                               size_t size) {
+  return {{&s[pos], size}};
+}
+
+template <typename Char> struct code_unit {
+  Char value;
+  using char_type = Char;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&...) const {
+    return write<Char>(out, value);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct is_compiled_format<code_unit<Char>> : std::true_type {};
+
+// A replacement field that refers to argument N.
+template <typename Char, typename T, int N> struct field {
+  using char_type = Char;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&... args) const {
+    // This ensures that the argument type is convertile to `const T&`.
+    const T& arg = get<N>(args...);
+    return write<Char>(out, arg);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename T, int N>
+struct is_compiled_format<field<Char, T, N>> : std::true_type {};
+
+// A replacement field that refers to argument N and has format specifiers.
+template <typename Char, typename T, int N> struct spec_field {
+  using char_type = Char;
+  mutable formatter<T, Char> fmt;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&... args) const {
+    // This ensures that the argument type is convertile to `const T&`.
+    const T& arg = get<N>(args...);
+    const auto& vargs =
+        make_format_args<basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>>(args...);
+    basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char> ctx(out, vargs);
+    return fmt.format(arg, ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename T, int N>
+struct is_compiled_format<spec_field<Char, T, N>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename L, typename R> struct concat {
+  L lhs;
+  R rhs;
+  using char_type = typename L::char_type;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&... args) const {
+    out = lhs.format(out, args...);
+    return rhs.format(out, args...);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename L, typename R>
+struct is_compiled_format<concat<L, R>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename L, typename R>
+constexpr concat<L, R> make_concat(L lhs, R rhs) {
+  return {lhs, rhs};
+}
+
+struct unknown_format {};
+
+template <typename Char>
+constexpr size_t parse_text(basic_string_view<Char> str, size_t pos) {
+  for (size_t size = str.size(); pos != size; ++pos) {
+    if (str[pos] == '{' || str[pos] == '}') break;
+  }
+  return pos;
+}
+
+template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename S>
+constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str);
+
+template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename T, typename S>
+constexpr auto parse_tail(T head, S format_str) {
+  if constexpr (POS !=
+                basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(format_str).size()) {
+    constexpr auto tail = compile_format_string<Args, POS, ID>(format_str);
+    if constexpr (std::is_same<remove_cvref_t<decltype(tail)>,
+                               unknown_format>())
+      return tail;
+    else
+      return make_concat(head, tail);
+  } else {
+    return head;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Char> struct parse_specs_result {
+  formatter<T, Char> fmt;
+  size_t end;
+  int next_arg_id;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+constexpr parse_specs_result<T, Char> parse_specs(basic_string_view<Char> str,
+                                                  size_t pos, int arg_id) {
+  str.remove_prefix(pos);
+  auto ctx = basic_format_parse_context<Char>(str, {}, arg_id + 1);
+  auto f = formatter<T, Char>();
+  auto end = f.parse(ctx);
+  return {f, pos + (end - str.data()) + 1, ctx.next_arg_id()};
+}
+
+// Compiles a non-empty format string and returns the compiled representation
+// or unknown_format() on unrecognized input.
+template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename S>
+constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
+  using char_type = typename S::char_type;
+  constexpr basic_string_view<char_type> str = format_str;
+  if constexpr (str[POS] == '{') {
+    if (POS + 1 == str.size())
+      throw format_error("unmatched '{' in format string");
+    if constexpr (str[POS + 1] == '{') {
+      return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), format_str);
+    } else if constexpr (str[POS + 1] == '}') {
+      using type = get_type<ID, Args>;
+      return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID + 1>(field<char_type, type, ID>(),
+                                               format_str);
+    } else if constexpr (str[POS + 1] == ':') {
+      using type = get_type<ID, Args>;
+      constexpr auto result = parse_specs<type>(str, POS + 2, ID);
+      return parse_tail<Args, result.end, result.next_arg_id>(
+          spec_field<char_type, type, ID>{result.fmt}, format_str);
+    } else {
+      return unknown_format();
+    }
+  } else if constexpr (str[POS] == '}') {
+    if (POS + 1 == str.size())
+      throw format_error("unmatched '}' in format string");
+    return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), format_str);
+  } else {
+    constexpr auto end = parse_text(str, POS + 1);
+    if constexpr (end - POS > 1) {
+      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(make_text(str, POS, end - POS),
+                                       format_str);
+    } else {
+      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(code_unit<char_type>{str[POS]},
+                                       format_str);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename... Args, typename S,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value ||
+                        detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+constexpr auto compile(S format_str) {
+  constexpr basic_string_view<typename S::char_type> str = format_str;
+  if constexpr (str.size() == 0) {
+    return detail::make_text(str, 0, 0);
+  } else {
+    constexpr auto result =
+        detail::compile_format_string<detail::type_list<Args...>, 0, 0>(
+            format_str);
+    if constexpr (std::is_same<remove_cvref_t<decltype(result)>,
+                               detail::unknown_format>()) {
+      return detail::compiled_format<S, Args...>(to_string_view(format_str));
+    } else {
+      return result;
+    }
+  }
+}
+#else
+template <typename... Args, typename S,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value)>
+constexpr auto compile(S format_str) -> detail::compiled_format<S, Args...> {
+  return detail::compiled_format<S, Args...>(to_string_view(format_str));
+}
+#endif  // __cpp_if_constexpr
+
+// Compiles the format string which must be a string literal.
+template <typename... Args, typename Char, size_t N>
+auto compile(const Char (&format_str)[N])
+    -> detail::compiled_format<const Char*, Args...> {
+  return detail::compiled_format<const Char*, Args...>(
+      basic_string_view<Char>(format_str, N - 1));
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// DEPRECATED! use FMT_COMPILE instead.
+template <typename... Args>
+FMT_DEPRECATED auto compile(const Args&... args)
+    -> decltype(detail::compile(args...)) {
+  return detail::compile(args...);
+}
+
+#if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+#  ifdef __cpp_if_constexpr
+
+template <typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = typename CompiledFormat::char_type,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_format<CompiledFormat>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE std::basic_string<Char> format(const CompiledFormat& cf,
+                                          const Args&... args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  cf.format(detail::buffer_appender<Char>(buffer), args...);
+  return to_string(buffer);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_format<CompiledFormat>::value)>
+OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const CompiledFormat& cf,
+                   const Args&... args) {
+  return cf.format(out, args...);
+}
+#  endif  // __cpp_if_constexpr
+#endif    // FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+
+template <typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = typename CompiledFormat::char_type,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_base_of<detail::basic_compiled_format,
+                                        CompiledFormat>::value)>
+std::basic_string<Char> format(const CompiledFormat& cf, const Args&... args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  using context = buffer_context<Char>;
+  detail::cf::vformat_to<context>(detail::buffer_appender<Char>(buffer), cf,
+                                  make_format_args<context>(args...));
+  return to_string(buffer);
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE std::basic_string<typename S::char_type> format(const S&,
+                                                           Args&&... args) {
+#ifdef __cpp_if_constexpr
+  if constexpr (std::is_same<typename S::char_type, char>::value) {
+    constexpr basic_string_view<typename S::char_type> str = S();
+    if (str.size() == 2 && str[0] == '{' && str[1] == '}')
+      return fmt::to_string(detail::first(args...));
+  }
+#endif
+  constexpr auto compiled = detail::compile<Args...>(S());
+  return format(compiled, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_base_of<detail::basic_compiled_format,
+                                        CompiledFormat>::value)>
+OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const CompiledFormat& cf,
+                   const Args&... args) {
+  using char_type = typename CompiledFormat::char_type;
+  using context = format_context_t<OutputIt, char_type>;
+  return detail::cf::vformat_to<context>(out, cf,
+                                         make_format_args<context>(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const S&, const Args&... args) {
+  constexpr auto compiled = detail::compile<Args...>(S());
+  return format_to(out, compiled, args...);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args>
+auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, const CompiledFormat& cf,
+                 const Args&... args) ->
+    typename std::enable_if<
+        detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt,
+                                   typename CompiledFormat::char_type>::value &&
+            std::is_base_of<detail::basic_compiled_format,
+                            CompiledFormat>::value,
+        format_to_n_result<OutputIt>>::type {
+  auto it =
+      format_to(detail::truncating_iterator<OutputIt>(out, n), cf, args...);
+  return {it.base(), it.count()};
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+format_to_n_result<OutputIt> format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, const S&,
+                                         const Args&... args) {
+  constexpr auto compiled = detail::compile<Args...>(S());
+  auto it = format_to(detail::truncating_iterator<OutputIt>(out, n), compiled,
+                      args...);
+  return {it.base(), it.count()};
+}
+
+template <typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args>
+size_t formatted_size(const CompiledFormat& cf, const Args&... args) {
+  return format_to(detail::counting_iterator(), cf, args...).count();
+}
+
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_COMPILE_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/core.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/core.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0a81e0cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/core.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2122 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - the core API
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_CORE_H_
+#define FMT_CORE_H_
+
+#include <cstdio>  // std::FILE
+#include <cstring>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <vector>
+
+// The fmt library version in the form major * 10000 + minor * 100 + patch.
+#define FMT_VERSION 70103
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#  define FMT_CLANG_VERSION (__clang_major__ * 100 + __clang_minor__)
+#else
+#  define FMT_CLANG_VERSION 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#  define FMT_GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__)
+#else
+#  define FMT_GCC_VERSION 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __INTEL_COMPILER
+#else
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION 0
+#endif
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)
+#  define FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11 FMT_GCC_VERSION
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __NVCC__
+#  define FMT_NVCC __NVCC__
+#else
+#  define FMT_NVCC 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_MSC_VER _MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_SUPPRESS_MSC_WARNING(n) __pragma(warning(suppress : n))
+#else
+#  define FMT_MSC_VER 0
+#  define FMT_SUPPRESS_MSC_WARNING(n)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __has_feature
+#  define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) __has_feature(x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__has_include) && !defined(__INTELLISENSE__) && \
+    (!FMT_ICC_VERSION || FMT_ICC_VERSION >= 1600)
+#  define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) __has_include(x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __has_cpp_attribute
+#  define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) __has_cpp_attribute(x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#define FMT_HAS_CPP14_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) \
+  (__cplusplus >= 201402L && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute))
+
+#define FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) \
+  (__cplusplus >= 201703L && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute))
+
+// Check if relaxed C++14 constexpr is supported.
+// GCC doesn't allow throw in constexpr until version 6 (bug 67371).
+#ifndef FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR                                           \
+    (FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_relaxed_constexpr) || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1910 || \
+     (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 600 && __cplusplus >= 201402L)) &&           \
+        !FMT_NVCC && !FMT_ICC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL constexpr
+#else
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR inline
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_OVERRIDE
+#  if FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_override_control) || \
+      (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 408 && FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11) || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900
+#    define FMT_OVERRIDE override
+#  else
+#    define FMT_OVERRIDE
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Check if exceptions are disabled.
+#ifndef FMT_EXCEPTIONS
+#  if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)) || \
+      FMT_MSC_VER && !_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+#    define FMT_EXCEPTIONS 0
+#  else
+#    define FMT_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Define FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT to make fmt use noexcept (C++11 feature).
+#ifndef FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT
+#  define FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT 0
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT || FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_noexcept) || \
+    (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 408 && FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11) || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900
+#  define FMT_DETECTED_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#  define FMT_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 1
+#else
+#  define FMT_DETECTED_NOEXCEPT throw()
+#  define FMT_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_NOEXCEPT
+#  if FMT_EXCEPTIONS || FMT_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT
+#    define FMT_NOEXCEPT FMT_DETECTED_NOEXCEPT
+#  else
+#    define FMT_NOEXCEPT
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// [[noreturn]] is disabled on MSVC and NVCC because of bogus unreachable code
+// warnings.
+#if FMT_EXCEPTIONS && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(noreturn) && !FMT_MSC_VER && \
+    !FMT_NVCC
+#  define FMT_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
+#else
+#  define FMT_NORETURN
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_DEPRECATED
+#  if FMT_HAS_CPP14_ATTRIBUTE(deprecated) || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900
+#    define FMT_DEPRECATED [[deprecated]]
+#  else
+#    if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__LCC__)) || defined(__clang__)
+#      define FMT_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
+#    elif FMT_MSC_VER
+#      define FMT_DEPRECATED __declspec(deprecated)
+#    else
+#      define FMT_DEPRECATED /* deprecated */
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Workaround broken [[deprecated]] in the Intel, PGI and NVCC compilers.
+#if FMT_ICC_VERSION || defined(__PGI) || FMT_NVCC
+#  define FMT_DEPRECATED_ALIAS
+#else
+#  define FMT_DEPRECATED_ALIAS FMT_DEPRECATED
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_INLINE
+#  if FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
+#    define FMT_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+#  else
+#    define FMT_INLINE inline
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_INLINE_NAMESPACES
+#  if FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_inline_namespaces) || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 404 || \
+      (FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900 && !_MANAGED)
+#    define FMT_USE_INLINE_NAMESPACES 1
+#  else
+#    define FMT_USE_INLINE_NAMESPACES 0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+#  if FMT_USE_INLINE_NAMESPACES
+#    define FMT_INLINE_NAMESPACE inline namespace
+#    define FMT_END_NAMESPACE \
+      }                       \
+      }
+#  else
+#    define FMT_INLINE_NAMESPACE namespace
+#    define FMT_END_NAMESPACE \
+      }                       \
+      using namespace v7;     \
+      }
+#  endif
+#  define FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE \
+    namespace fmt {           \
+    FMT_INLINE_NAMESPACE v7 {
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(FMT_HEADER_ONLY) && defined(_WIN32)
+#  define FMT_CLASS_API FMT_SUPPRESS_MSC_WARNING(4275)
+#  ifdef FMT_EXPORT
+#    define FMT_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#    define FMT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_API FMT_API
+#    define FMT_EXPORTED
+#  elif defined(FMT_SHARED)
+#    define FMT_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#    define FMT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_API FMT_API
+#  endif
+#else
+#  define FMT_CLASS_API
+#endif
+#ifndef FMT_API
+#  define FMT_API
+#endif
+#ifndef FMT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_API
+#  define FMT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_API
+#endif
+#ifndef FMT_INSTANTIATION_DEF_API
+#  define FMT_INSTANTIATION_DEF_API FMT_API
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+#  define FMT_EXTERN extern
+#else
+#  define FMT_EXTERN
+#endif
+
+// libc++ supports string_view in pre-c++17.
+#if (FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<string_view>) &&                       \
+     (__cplusplus > 201402L || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION))) || \
+    (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG > 201402L && _MSC_VER >= 1910)
+#  include <string_view>
+#  define FMT_USE_STRING_VIEW
+#elif FMT_HAS_INCLUDE("experimental/string_view") && __cplusplus >= 201402L
+#  include <experimental/string_view>
+#  define FMT_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_STRING_VIEW
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_UNICODE
+#  define FMT_UNICODE !FMT_MSC_VER
+#endif
+#if FMT_UNICODE && FMT_MSC_VER
+#  pragma execution_character_set("utf-8")
+#endif
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+// Implementations of enable_if_t and other metafunctions for older systems.
+template <bool B, class T = void>
+using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type;
+template <bool B, class T, class F>
+using conditional_t = typename std::conditional<B, T, F>::type;
+template <bool B> using bool_constant = std::integral_constant<bool, B>;
+template <typename T>
+using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
+template <typename T>
+using remove_const_t = typename std::remove_const<T>::type;
+template <typename T>
+using remove_cvref_t = typename std::remove_cv<remove_reference_t<T>>::type;
+template <typename T> struct type_identity { using type = T; };
+template <typename T> using type_identity_t = typename type_identity<T>::type;
+
+struct monostate {};
+
+// An enable_if helper to be used in template parameters which results in much
+// shorter symbols: https://godbolt.org/z/sWw4vP. Extra parentheses are needed
+// to workaround a bug in MSVC 2019 (see #1140 and #1186).
+#define FMT_ENABLE_IF(...) enable_if_t<(__VA_ARGS__), int> = 0
+
+namespace detail {
+
+// A helper function to suppress "conditional expression is constant" warnings.
+template <typename T> constexpr T const_check(T value) { return value; }
+
+FMT_NORETURN FMT_API void assert_fail(const char* file, int line,
+                                      const char* message);
+
+#ifndef FMT_ASSERT
+#  ifdef NDEBUG
+// FMT_ASSERT is not empty to avoid -Werror=empty-body.
+#    define FMT_ASSERT(condition, message) ((void)0)
+#  else
+#    define FMT_ASSERT(condition, message)                                    \
+      ((condition) /* void() fails with -Winvalid-constexpr on clang 4.0.1 */ \
+           ? (void)0                                                          \
+           : ::fmt::detail::assert_fail(__FILE__, __LINE__, (message)))
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(FMT_USE_STRING_VIEW)
+template <typename Char> using std_string_view = std::basic_string_view<Char>;
+#elif defined(FMT_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_STRING_VIEW)
+template <typename Char>
+using std_string_view = std::experimental::basic_string_view<Char>;
+#else
+template <typename T> struct std_string_view {};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FMT_USE_INT128
+// Do nothing.
+#elif defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__) && !FMT_NVCC && \
+    !(FMT_CLANG_VERSION && FMT_MSC_VER)
+#  define FMT_USE_INT128 1
+using int128_t = __int128_t;
+using uint128_t = __uint128_t;
+#else
+#  define FMT_USE_INT128 0
+#endif
+#if !FMT_USE_INT128
+struct int128_t {};
+struct uint128_t {};
+#endif
+
+// Casts a nonnegative integer to unsigned.
+template <typename Int>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR typename std::make_unsigned<Int>::type to_unsigned(Int value) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(value >= 0, "negative value");
+  return static_cast<typename std::make_unsigned<Int>::type>(value);
+}
+
+FMT_SUPPRESS_MSC_WARNING(4566) constexpr unsigned char micro[] = "\u00B5";
+
+template <typename Char> constexpr bool is_unicode() {
+  return FMT_UNICODE || sizeof(Char) != 1 ||
+         (sizeof(micro) == 3 && micro[0] == 0xC2 && micro[1] == 0xB5);
+}
+
+#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+using char8_type = char8_t;
+#else
+enum char8_type : unsigned char {};
+#endif
+}  // namespace detail
+
+#ifdef FMT_USE_INTERNAL
+namespace internal = detail;  // DEPRECATED
+#endif
+
+/**
+  An implementation of ``std::basic_string_view`` for pre-C++17. It provides a
+  subset of the API. ``fmt::basic_string_view`` is used for format strings even
+  if ``std::string_view`` is available to prevent issues when a library is
+  compiled with a different ``-std`` option than the client code (which is not
+  recommended).
+ */
+template <typename Char> class basic_string_view {
+ private:
+  const Char* data_;
+  size_t size_;
+
+ public:
+  using value_type = Char;
+  using iterator = const Char*;
+
+  constexpr basic_string_view() FMT_NOEXCEPT : data_(nullptr), size_(0) {}
+
+  /** Constructs a string reference object from a C string and a size. */
+  constexpr basic_string_view(const Char* s, size_t count) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : data_(s),
+        size_(count) {}
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Constructs a string reference object from a C string computing
+    the size with ``std::char_traits<Char>::length``.
+    \endrst
+   */
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L  // C++17's char_traits::length() is constexpr.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR
+#endif
+  basic_string_view(const Char* s)
+      : data_(s), size_(std::char_traits<Char>::length(s)) {}
+
+  /** Constructs a string reference from a ``std::basic_string`` object. */
+  template <typename Traits, typename Alloc>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(
+      const std::basic_string<Char, Traits, Alloc>& s) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : data_(s.data()),
+        size_(s.size()) {}
+
+  template <typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<
+                                      S, detail::std_string_view<Char>>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(S s) FMT_NOEXCEPT : data_(s.data()),
+                                                      size_(s.size()) {}
+
+  /** Returns a pointer to the string data. */
+  constexpr const Char* data() const { return data_; }
+
+  /** Returns the string size. */
+  constexpr size_t size() const { return size_; }
+
+  constexpr iterator begin() const { return data_; }
+  constexpr iterator end() const { return data_ + size_; }
+
+  constexpr const Char& operator[](size_t pos) const { return data_[pos]; }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void remove_prefix(size_t n) {
+    data_ += n;
+    size_ -= n;
+  }
+
+  // Lexicographically compare this string reference to other.
+  int compare(basic_string_view other) const {
+    size_t str_size = size_ < other.size_ ? size_ : other.size_;
+    int result = std::char_traits<Char>::compare(data_, other.data_, str_size);
+    if (result == 0)
+      result = size_ == other.size_ ? 0 : (size_ < other.size_ ? -1 : 1);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  friend bool operator==(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0;
+  }
+  friend bool operator!=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0;
+  }
+  friend bool operator<(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0;
+  }
+  friend bool operator<=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) <= 0;
+  }
+  friend bool operator>(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0;
+  }
+  friend bool operator>=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) >= 0;
+  }
+};
+
+using string_view = basic_string_view<char>;
+using wstring_view = basic_string_view<wchar_t>;
+
+/** Specifies if ``T`` is a character type. Can be specialized by users. */
+template <typename T> struct is_char : std::false_type {};
+template <> struct is_char<char> : std::true_type {};
+template <> struct is_char<wchar_t> : std::true_type {};
+template <> struct is_char<detail::char8_type> : std::true_type {};
+template <> struct is_char<char16_t> : std::true_type {};
+template <> struct is_char<char32_t> : std::true_type {};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Returns a string view of `s`. In order to add custom string type support to
+  {fmt} provide an overload of `to_string_view` for it in the same namespace as
+  the type for the argument-dependent lookup to work.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    namespace my_ns {
+    inline string_view to_string_view(const my_string& s) {
+      return {s.data(), s.length()};
+    }
+    }
+    std::string message = fmt::format(my_string("The answer is {}"), 42);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_char<Char>::value)>
+inline basic_string_view<Char> to_string_view(const Char* s) {
+  return s;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Traits, typename Alloc>
+inline basic_string_view<Char> to_string_view(
+    const std::basic_string<Char, Traits, Alloc>& s) {
+  return s;
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+inline basic_string_view<Char> to_string_view(basic_string_view<Char> s) {
+  return s;
+}
+
+template <typename Char,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_empty<detail::std_string_view<Char>>::value)>
+inline basic_string_view<Char> to_string_view(detail::std_string_view<Char> s) {
+  return s;
+}
+
+// A base class for compile-time strings. It is defined in the fmt namespace to
+// make formatting functions visible via ADL, e.g. format(FMT_STRING("{}"), 42).
+struct compile_string {};
+
+template <typename S>
+struct is_compile_string : std::is_base_of<compile_string, S> {};
+
+template <typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value)>
+constexpr basic_string_view<typename S::char_type> to_string_view(const S& s) {
+  return s;
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+void to_string_view(...);
+using fmt::v7::to_string_view;
+
+// Specifies whether S is a string type convertible to fmt::basic_string_view.
+// It should be a constexpr function but MSVC 2017 fails to compile it in
+// enable_if and MSVC 2015 fails to compile it as an alias template.
+template <typename S>
+struct is_string : std::is_class<decltype(to_string_view(std::declval<S>()))> {
+};
+
+template <typename S, typename = void> struct char_t_impl {};
+template <typename S> struct char_t_impl<S, enable_if_t<is_string<S>::value>> {
+  using result = decltype(to_string_view(std::declval<S>()));
+  using type = typename result::value_type;
+};
+
+// Reports a compile-time error if S is not a valid format string.
+template <typename..., typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_compile_string<S>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE void check_format_string(const S&) {
+#ifdef FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING
+  static_assert(is_compile_string<S>::value,
+                "FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING requires all format strings to use "
+                "FMT_STRING.");
+#endif
+}
+template <typename..., typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value)>
+void check_format_string(S);
+
+struct error_handler {
+  constexpr error_handler() = default;
+  constexpr error_handler(const error_handler&) = default;
+
+  // This function is intentionally not constexpr to give a compile-time error.
+  FMT_NORETURN FMT_API void on_error(const char* message);
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+/** String's character type. */
+template <typename S> using char_t = typename detail::char_t_impl<S>::type;
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Parsing context consisting of a format string range being parsed and an
+  argument counter for automatic indexing.
+
+  You can use one of the following type aliases for common character types:
+
+  +-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+  | Type                  | Definition                          |
+  +=======================+=====================================+
+  | format_parse_context  | basic_format_parse_context<char>    |
+  +-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+  | wformat_parse_context | basic_format_parse_context<wchar_t> |
+  +-----------------------+-------------------------------------+
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler = detail::error_handler>
+class basic_format_parse_context : private ErrorHandler {
+ private:
+  basic_string_view<Char> format_str_;
+  int next_arg_id_;
+
+ public:
+  using char_type = Char;
+  using iterator = typename basic_string_view<Char>::iterator;
+
+  explicit constexpr basic_format_parse_context(
+      basic_string_view<Char> format_str, ErrorHandler eh = {},
+      int next_arg_id = 0)
+      : ErrorHandler(eh), format_str_(format_str), next_arg_id_(next_arg_id) {}
+
+  /**
+    Returns an iterator to the beginning of the format string range being
+    parsed.
+   */
+  constexpr iterator begin() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return format_str_.begin(); }
+
+  /**
+    Returns an iterator past the end of the format string range being parsed.
+   */
+  constexpr iterator end() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return format_str_.end(); }
+
+  /** Advances the begin iterator to ``it``. */
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void advance_to(iterator it) {
+    format_str_.remove_prefix(detail::to_unsigned(it - begin()));
+  }
+
+  /**
+    Reports an error if using the manual argument indexing; otherwise returns
+    the next argument index and switches to the automatic indexing.
+   */
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int next_arg_id() {
+    // Don't check if the argument id is valid to avoid overhead and because it
+    // will be checked during formatting anyway.
+    if (next_arg_id_ >= 0) return next_arg_id_++;
+    on_error("cannot switch from manual to automatic argument indexing");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+    Reports an error if using the automatic argument indexing; otherwise
+    switches to the manual indexing.
+   */
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(int) {
+    if (next_arg_id_ > 0)
+      on_error("cannot switch from automatic to manual argument indexing");
+    else
+      next_arg_id_ = -1;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char>) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    ErrorHandler::on_error(message);
+  }
+
+  constexpr ErrorHandler error_handler() const { return *this; }
+};
+
+using format_parse_context = basic_format_parse_context<char>;
+using wformat_parse_context = basic_format_parse_context<wchar_t>;
+
+template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg;
+template <typename Context> class basic_format_args;
+template <typename Context> class dynamic_format_arg_store;
+
+// A formatter for objects of type T.
+template <typename T, typename Char = char, typename Enable = void>
+struct formatter {
+  // A deleted default constructor indicates a disabled formatter.
+  formatter() = delete;
+};
+
+// Specifies if T has an enabled formatter specialization. A type can be
+// formattable even if it doesn't have a formatter e.g. via a conversion.
+template <typename T, typename Context>
+using has_formatter =
+    std::is_constructible<typename Context::template formatter_type<T>>;
+
+// Checks whether T is a container with contiguous storage.
+template <typename T> struct is_contiguous : std::false_type {};
+template <typename Char>
+struct is_contiguous<std::basic_string<Char>> : std::true_type {};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+// Extracts a reference to the container from back_insert_iterator.
+template <typename Container>
+inline Container& get_container(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> it) {
+  using bi_iterator = std::back_insert_iterator<Container>;
+  struct accessor : bi_iterator {
+    accessor(bi_iterator iter) : bi_iterator(iter) {}
+    using bi_iterator::container;
+  };
+  return *accessor(it).container;
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  A contiguous memory buffer with an optional growing ability. It is an internal
+  class and shouldn't be used directly, only via `~fmt::basic_memory_buffer`.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename T> class buffer {
+ private:
+  T* ptr_;
+  size_t size_;
+  size_t capacity_;
+
+ protected:
+  // Don't initialize ptr_ since it is not accessed to save a few cycles.
+  FMT_SUPPRESS_MSC_WARNING(26495)
+  buffer(size_t sz) FMT_NOEXCEPT : size_(sz), capacity_(sz) {}
+
+  buffer(T* p = nullptr, size_t sz = 0, size_t cap = 0) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : ptr_(p),
+        size_(sz),
+        capacity_(cap) {}
+
+  ~buffer() = default;
+
+  /** Sets the buffer data and capacity. */
+  void set(T* buf_data, size_t buf_capacity) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    ptr_ = buf_data;
+    capacity_ = buf_capacity;
+  }
+
+  /** Increases the buffer capacity to hold at least *capacity* elements. */
+  virtual void grow(size_t capacity) = 0;
+
+ public:
+  using value_type = T;
+  using const_reference = const T&;
+
+  buffer(const buffer&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const buffer&) = delete;
+
+  T* begin() FMT_NOEXCEPT { return ptr_; }
+  T* end() FMT_NOEXCEPT { return ptr_ + size_; }
+
+  const T* begin() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return ptr_; }
+  const T* end() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return ptr_ + size_; }
+
+  /** Returns the size of this buffer. */
+  size_t size() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return size_; }
+
+  /** Returns the capacity of this buffer. */
+  size_t capacity() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return capacity_; }
+
+  /** Returns a pointer to the buffer data. */
+  T* data() FMT_NOEXCEPT { return ptr_; }
+
+  /** Returns a pointer to the buffer data. */
+  const T* data() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return ptr_; }
+
+  /** Clears this buffer. */
+  void clear() { size_ = 0; }
+
+  // Tries resizing the buffer to contain *count* elements. If T is a POD type
+  // the new elements may not be initialized.
+  void try_resize(size_t count) {
+    try_reserve(count);
+    size_ = count <= capacity_ ? count : capacity_;
+  }
+
+  // Tries increasing the buffer capacity to *new_capacity*. It can increase the
+  // capacity by a smaller amount than requested but guarantees there is space
+  // for at least one additional element either by increasing the capacity or by
+  // flushing the buffer if it is full.
+  void try_reserve(size_t new_capacity) {
+    if (new_capacity > capacity_) grow(new_capacity);
+  }
+
+  void push_back(const T& value) {
+    try_reserve(size_ + 1);
+    ptr_[size_++] = value;
+  }
+
+  /** Appends data to the end of the buffer. */
+  template <typename U> void append(const U* begin, const U* end);
+
+  template <typename I> T& operator[](I index) { return ptr_[index]; }
+  template <typename I> const T& operator[](I index) const {
+    return ptr_[index];
+  }
+};
+
+struct buffer_traits {
+  explicit buffer_traits(size_t) {}
+  size_t count() const { return 0; }
+  size_t limit(size_t size) { return size; }
+};
+
+class fixed_buffer_traits {
+ private:
+  size_t count_ = 0;
+  size_t limit_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit fixed_buffer_traits(size_t limit) : limit_(limit) {}
+  size_t count() const { return count_; }
+  size_t limit(size_t size) {
+    size_t n = limit_ > count_ ? limit_ - count_ : 0;
+    count_ += size;
+    return size < n ? size : n;
+  }
+};
+
+// A buffer that writes to an output iterator when flushed.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename T, typename Traits = buffer_traits>
+class iterator_buffer final : public Traits, public buffer<T> {
+ private:
+  OutputIt out_;
+  enum { buffer_size = 256 };
+  T data_[buffer_size];
+
+ protected:
+  void grow(size_t) final FMT_OVERRIDE {
+    if (this->size() == buffer_size) flush();
+  }
+  void flush();
+
+ public:
+  explicit iterator_buffer(OutputIt out, size_t n = buffer_size)
+      : Traits(n),
+        buffer<T>(data_, 0, buffer_size),
+        out_(out) {}
+  ~iterator_buffer() { flush(); }
+
+  OutputIt out() {
+    flush();
+    return out_;
+  }
+  size_t count() const { return Traits::count() + this->size(); }
+};
+
+template <typename T> class iterator_buffer<T*, T> final : public buffer<T> {
+ protected:
+  void grow(size_t) final FMT_OVERRIDE {}
+
+ public:
+  explicit iterator_buffer(T* out, size_t = 0) : buffer<T>(out, 0, ~size_t()) {}
+
+  T* out() { return &*this->end(); }
+};
+
+// A buffer that writes to a container with the contiguous storage.
+template <typename Container>
+class iterator_buffer<std::back_insert_iterator<Container>,
+                      enable_if_t<is_contiguous<Container>::value,
+                                  typename Container::value_type>>
+    final : public buffer<typename Container::value_type> {
+ private:
+  Container& container_;
+
+ protected:
+  void grow(size_t capacity) final FMT_OVERRIDE {
+    container_.resize(capacity);
+    this->set(&container_[0], capacity);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  explicit iterator_buffer(Container& c)
+      : buffer<typename Container::value_type>(c.size()), container_(c) {}
+  explicit iterator_buffer(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> out, size_t = 0)
+      : iterator_buffer(get_container(out)) {}
+  std::back_insert_iterator<Container> out() {
+    return std::back_inserter(container_);
+  }
+};
+
+// A buffer that counts the number of code units written discarding the output.
+template <typename T = char> class counting_buffer final : public buffer<T> {
+ private:
+  enum { buffer_size = 256 };
+  T data_[buffer_size];
+  size_t count_ = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  void grow(size_t) final FMT_OVERRIDE {
+    if (this->size() != buffer_size) return;
+    count_ += this->size();
+    this->clear();
+  }
+
+ public:
+  counting_buffer() : buffer<T>(data_, 0, buffer_size) {}
+
+  size_t count() { return count_ + this->size(); }
+};
+
+// An output iterator that appends to the buffer.
+// It is used to reduce symbol sizes for the common case.
+template <typename T>
+class buffer_appender : public std::back_insert_iterator<buffer<T>> {
+  using base = std::back_insert_iterator<buffer<T>>;
+
+ public:
+  explicit buffer_appender(buffer<T>& buf) : base(buf) {}
+  buffer_appender(base it) : base(it) {}
+
+  buffer_appender& operator++() {
+    base::operator++();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  buffer_appender operator++(int) {
+    buffer_appender tmp = *this;
+    ++*this;
+    return tmp;
+  }
+};
+
+// Maps an output iterator into a buffer.
+template <typename T, typename OutputIt>
+iterator_buffer<OutputIt, T> get_buffer(OutputIt);
+template <typename T> buffer<T>& get_buffer(buffer_appender<T>);
+
+template <typename OutputIt> OutputIt get_buffer_init(OutputIt out) {
+  return out;
+}
+template <typename T> buffer<T>& get_buffer_init(buffer_appender<T> out) {
+  return get_container(out);
+}
+
+template <typename Buffer>
+auto get_iterator(Buffer& buf) -> decltype(buf.out()) {
+  return buf.out();
+}
+template <typename T> buffer_appender<T> get_iterator(buffer<T>& buf) {
+  return buffer_appender<T>(buf);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Char = char, typename Enable = void>
+struct fallback_formatter {
+  fallback_formatter() = delete;
+};
+
+// Specifies if T has an enabled fallback_formatter specialization.
+template <typename T, typename Context>
+using has_fallback_formatter =
+    std::is_constructible<fallback_formatter<T, typename Context::char_type>>;
+
+struct view {};
+
+template <typename Char, typename T> struct named_arg : view {
+  const Char* name;
+  const T& value;
+  named_arg(const Char* n, const T& v) : name(n), value(v) {}
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct named_arg_info {
+  const Char* name;
+  int id;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char, size_t NUM_ARGS, size_t NUM_NAMED_ARGS>
+struct arg_data {
+  // args_[0].named_args points to named_args_ to avoid bloating format_args.
+  // +1 to workaround a bug in gcc 7.5 that causes duplicated-branches warning.
+  T args_[1 + (NUM_ARGS != 0 ? NUM_ARGS : +1)];
+  named_arg_info<Char> named_args_[NUM_NAMED_ARGS];
+
+  template <typename... U>
+  arg_data(const U&... init) : args_{T(named_args_, NUM_NAMED_ARGS), init...} {}
+  arg_data(const arg_data& other) = delete;
+  const T* args() const { return args_ + 1; }
+  named_arg_info<Char>* named_args() { return named_args_; }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char, size_t NUM_ARGS>
+struct arg_data<T, Char, NUM_ARGS, 0> {
+  // +1 to workaround a bug in gcc 7.5 that causes duplicated-branches warning.
+  T args_[NUM_ARGS != 0 ? NUM_ARGS : +1];
+
+  template <typename... U>
+  FMT_INLINE arg_data(const U&... init) : args_{init...} {}
+  FMT_INLINE const T* args() const { return args_; }
+  FMT_INLINE std::nullptr_t named_args() { return nullptr; }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+inline void init_named_args(named_arg_info<Char>*, int, int) {}
+
+template <typename Char, typename T, typename... Tail>
+void init_named_args(named_arg_info<Char>* named_args, int arg_count,
+                     int named_arg_count, const T&, const Tail&... args) {
+  init_named_args(named_args, arg_count + 1, named_arg_count, args...);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename T, typename... Tail>
+void init_named_args(named_arg_info<Char>* named_args, int arg_count,
+                     int named_arg_count, const named_arg<Char, T>& arg,
+                     const Tail&... args) {
+  named_args[named_arg_count++] = {arg.name, arg_count};
+  init_named_args(named_args, arg_count + 1, named_arg_count, args...);
+}
+
+template <typename... Args>
+FMT_INLINE void init_named_args(std::nullptr_t, int, int, const Args&...) {}
+
+template <typename T> struct is_named_arg : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct is_named_arg<named_arg<Char, T>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <bool B = false> constexpr size_t count() { return B ? 1 : 0; }
+template <bool B1, bool B2, bool... Tail> constexpr size_t count() {
+  return (B1 ? 1 : 0) + count<B2, Tail...>();
+}
+
+template <typename... Args> constexpr size_t count_named_args() {
+  return count<is_named_arg<Args>::value...>();
+}
+
+enum class type {
+  none_type,
+  // Integer types should go first,
+  int_type,
+  uint_type,
+  long_long_type,
+  ulong_long_type,
+  int128_type,
+  uint128_type,
+  bool_type,
+  char_type,
+  last_integer_type = char_type,
+  // followed by floating-point types.
+  float_type,
+  double_type,
+  long_double_type,
+  last_numeric_type = long_double_type,
+  cstring_type,
+  string_type,
+  pointer_type,
+  custom_type
+};
+
+// Maps core type T to the corresponding type enum constant.
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct type_constant : std::integral_constant<type, type::custom_type> {};
+
+#define FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(Type, constant) \
+  template <typename Char>                \
+  struct type_constant<Type, Char>        \
+      : std::integral_constant<type, type::constant> {}
+
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(int, int_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(unsigned, uint_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(long long, long_long_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(unsigned long long, ulong_long_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(int128_t, int128_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(uint128_t, uint128_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(bool, bool_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(Char, char_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(float, float_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(double, double_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(long double, long_double_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(const Char*, cstring_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(basic_string_view<Char>, string_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(const void*, pointer_type);
+
+constexpr bool is_integral_type(type t) {
+  return t > type::none_type && t <= type::last_integer_type;
+}
+
+constexpr bool is_arithmetic_type(type t) {
+  return t > type::none_type && t <= type::last_numeric_type;
+}
+
+template <typename Char> struct string_value {
+  const Char* data;
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct named_arg_value {
+  const named_arg_info<Char>* data;
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+template <typename Context> struct custom_value {
+  using parse_context = typename Context::parse_context_type;
+  const void* value;
+  void (*format)(const void* arg, parse_context& parse_ctx, Context& ctx);
+};
+
+// A formatting argument value.
+template <typename Context> class value {
+ public:
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  union {
+    int int_value;
+    unsigned uint_value;
+    long long long_long_value;
+    unsigned long long ulong_long_value;
+    int128_t int128_value;
+    uint128_t uint128_value;
+    bool bool_value;
+    char_type char_value;
+    float float_value;
+    double double_value;
+    long double long_double_value;
+    const void* pointer;
+    string_value<char_type> string;
+    custom_value<Context> custom;
+    named_arg_value<char_type> named_args;
+  };
+
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(int val = 0) : int_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(unsigned val) : uint_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(long long val) : long_long_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(unsigned long long val) : ulong_long_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(int128_t val) : int128_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(uint128_t val) : uint128_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(float val) : float_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(double val) : double_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(long double val) : long_double_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(bool val) : bool_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(char_type val) : char_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(const char_type* val) { string.data = val; }
+  FMT_INLINE value(basic_string_view<char_type> val) {
+    string.data = val.data();
+    string.size = val.size();
+  }
+  FMT_INLINE value(const void* val) : pointer(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(const named_arg_info<char_type>* args, size_t size)
+      : named_args{args, size} {}
+
+  template <typename T> FMT_INLINE value(const T& val) {
+    custom.value = &val;
+    // Get the formatter type through the context to allow different contexts
+    // have different extension points, e.g. `formatter<T>` for `format` and
+    // `printf_formatter<T>` for `printf`.
+    custom.format = format_custom_arg<
+        T, conditional_t<has_formatter<T, Context>::value,
+                         typename Context::template formatter_type<T>,
+                         fallback_formatter<T, char_type>>>;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Formats an argument of a custom type, such as a user-defined class.
+  template <typename T, typename Formatter>
+  static void format_custom_arg(const void* arg,
+                                typename Context::parse_context_type& parse_ctx,
+                                Context& ctx) {
+    Formatter f;
+    parse_ctx.advance_to(f.parse(parse_ctx));
+    ctx.advance_to(f.format(*static_cast<const T*>(arg), ctx));
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Context, typename T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_format_arg<Context> make_arg(const T& value);
+
+// To minimize the number of types we need to deal with, long is translated
+// either to int or to long long depending on its size.
+enum { long_short = sizeof(long) == sizeof(int) };
+using long_type = conditional_t<long_short, int, long long>;
+using ulong_type = conditional_t<long_short, unsigned, unsigned long long>;
+
+struct unformattable {};
+
+// Maps formatting arguments to core types.
+template <typename Context> struct arg_mapper {
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int map(signed char val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned map(unsigned char val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int map(short val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned map(unsigned short val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int map(int val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned map(unsigned val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR long_type map(long val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR ulong_type map(unsigned long val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR long long map(long long val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned long long map(unsigned long long val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int128_t map(int128_t val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR uint128_t map(uint128_t val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool map(bool val) { return val; }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_char<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR char_type map(T val) {
+    static_assert(
+        std::is_same<T, char>::value || std::is_same<T, char_type>::value,
+        "mixing character types is disallowed");
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR float map(float val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR double map(double val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR long double map(long double val) { return val; }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const char_type* map(char_type* val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const char_type* map(const char_type* val) { return val; }
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_string<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view<char_type> map(const T& val) {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<char_type, char_t<T>>::value,
+                  "mixing character types is disallowed");
+    return to_string_view(val);
+  }
+  template <typename T,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(
+                std::is_constructible<basic_string_view<char_type>, T>::value &&
+                !is_string<T>::value && !has_formatter<T, Context>::value &&
+                !has_fallback_formatter<T, Context>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view<char_type> map(const T& val) {
+    return basic_string_view<char_type>(val);
+  }
+  template <
+      typename T,
+      FMT_ENABLE_IF(
+          std::is_constructible<std_string_view<char_type>, T>::value &&
+          !std::is_constructible<basic_string_view<char_type>, T>::value &&
+          !is_string<T>::value && !has_formatter<T, Context>::value &&
+          !has_fallback_formatter<T, Context>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view<char_type> map(const T& val) {
+    return std_string_view<char_type>(val);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* map(const signed char* val) {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<char_type, char>::value, "invalid string type");
+    return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(val);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* map(const unsigned char* val) {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<char_type, char>::value, "invalid string type");
+    return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(val);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* map(signed char* val) {
+    const auto* const_val = val;
+    return map(const_val);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* map(unsigned char* val) {
+    const auto* const_val = val;
+    return map(const_val);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const void* map(void* val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const void* map(const void* val) { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const void* map(std::nullptr_t val) { return val; }
+  template <typename T> FMT_CONSTEXPR int map(const T*) {
+    // Formatting of arbitrary pointers is disallowed. If you want to output
+    // a pointer cast it to "void *" or "const void *". In particular, this
+    // forbids formatting of "[const] volatile char *" which is printed as bool
+    // by iostreams.
+    static_assert(!sizeof(T), "formatting of non-void pointers is disallowed");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_enum<T>::value &&
+                          !has_formatter<T, Context>::value &&
+                          !has_fallback_formatter<T, Context>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto map(const T& val)
+      -> decltype(std::declval<arg_mapper>().map(
+          static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<T>::type>(val))) {
+    return map(static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<T>::type>(val));
+  }
+  template <typename T,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_string<T>::value && !is_char<T>::value &&
+                          (has_formatter<T, Context>::value ||
+                           has_fallback_formatter<T, Context>::value))>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const T& map(const T& val) {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto map(const named_arg<char_type, T>& val)
+      -> decltype(std::declval<arg_mapper>().map(val.value)) {
+    return map(val.value);
+  }
+
+  unformattable map(...) { return {}; }
+};
+
+// A type constant after applying arg_mapper<Context>.
+template <typename T, typename Context>
+using mapped_type_constant =
+    type_constant<decltype(arg_mapper<Context>().map(std::declval<const T&>())),
+                  typename Context::char_type>;
+
+enum { packed_arg_bits = 4 };
+// Maximum number of arguments with packed types.
+enum { max_packed_args = 62 / packed_arg_bits };
+enum : unsigned long long { is_unpacked_bit = 1ULL << 63 };
+enum : unsigned long long { has_named_args_bit = 1ULL << 62 };
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// A formatting argument. It is a trivially copyable/constructible type to
+// allow storage in basic_memory_buffer.
+template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg {
+ private:
+  detail::value<Context> value_;
+  detail::type type_;
+
+  template <typename ContextType, typename T>
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_format_arg<ContextType> detail::make_arg(
+      const T& value);
+
+  template <typename Visitor, typename Ctx>
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto visit_format_arg(Visitor&& vis,
+                                             const basic_format_arg<Ctx>& arg)
+      -> decltype(vis(0));
+
+  friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
+  friend class dynamic_format_arg_store<Context>;
+
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  template <typename T, typename Char, size_t NUM_ARGS, size_t NUM_NAMED_ARGS>
+  friend struct detail::arg_data;
+
+  basic_format_arg(const detail::named_arg_info<char_type>* args, size_t size)
+      : value_(args, size) {}
+
+ public:
+  class handle {
+   public:
+    explicit handle(detail::custom_value<Context> custom) : custom_(custom) {}
+
+    void format(typename Context::parse_context_type& parse_ctx,
+                Context& ctx) const {
+      custom_.format(custom_.value, parse_ctx, ctx);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    detail::custom_value<Context> custom_;
+  };
+
+  constexpr basic_format_arg() : type_(detail::type::none_type) {}
+
+  constexpr explicit operator bool() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return type_ != detail::type::none_type;
+  }
+
+  detail::type type() const { return type_; }
+
+  bool is_integral() const { return detail::is_integral_type(type_); }
+  bool is_arithmetic() const { return detail::is_arithmetic_type(type_); }
+};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Visits an argument dispatching to the appropriate visit method based on
+  the argument type. For example, if the argument type is ``double`` then
+  ``vis(value)`` will be called with the value of type ``double``.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Visitor, typename Context>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL FMT_INLINE auto visit_format_arg(
+    Visitor&& vis, const basic_format_arg<Context>& arg) -> decltype(vis(0)) {
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+  switch (arg.type_) {
+  case detail::type::none_type:
+    break;
+  case detail::type::int_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.int_value);
+  case detail::type::uint_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.uint_value);
+  case detail::type::long_long_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.long_long_value);
+  case detail::type::ulong_long_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.ulong_long_value);
+#if FMT_USE_INT128
+  case detail::type::int128_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.int128_value);
+  case detail::type::uint128_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.uint128_value);
+#else
+  case detail::type::int128_type:
+  case detail::type::uint128_type:
+    break;
+#endif
+  case detail::type::bool_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.bool_value);
+  case detail::type::char_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.char_value);
+  case detail::type::float_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.float_value);
+  case detail::type::double_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.double_value);
+  case detail::type::long_double_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.long_double_value);
+  case detail::type::cstring_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.string.data);
+  case detail::type::string_type:
+    return vis(basic_string_view<char_type>(arg.value_.string.data,
+                                            arg.value_.string.size));
+  case detail::type::pointer_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.pointer);
+  case detail::type::custom_type:
+    return vis(typename basic_format_arg<Context>::handle(arg.value_.custom));
+  }
+  return vis(monostate());
+}
+
+template <typename T> struct formattable : std::false_type {};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+// A workaround for gcc 4.8 to make void_t work in a SFINAE context.
+template <typename... Ts> struct void_t_impl { using type = void; };
+template <typename... Ts>
+using void_t = typename detail::void_t_impl<Ts...>::type;
+
+template <typename It, typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct is_output_iterator : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename It, typename T>
+struct is_output_iterator<
+    It, T,
+    void_t<typename std::iterator_traits<It>::iterator_category,
+           decltype(*std::declval<It>() = std::declval<T>())>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+struct is_back_insert_iterator : std::false_type {};
+template <typename Container>
+struct is_back_insert_iterator<std::back_insert_iterator<Container>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+struct is_contiguous_back_insert_iterator : std::false_type {};
+template <typename Container>
+struct is_contiguous_back_insert_iterator<std::back_insert_iterator<Container>>
+    : is_contiguous<Container> {};
+template <typename Char>
+struct is_contiguous_back_insert_iterator<buffer_appender<Char>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+// A type-erased reference to an std::locale to avoid heavy <locale> include.
+class locale_ref {
+ private:
+  const void* locale_;  // A type-erased pointer to std::locale.
+
+ public:
+  locale_ref() : locale_(nullptr) {}
+  template <typename Locale> explicit locale_ref(const Locale& loc);
+
+  explicit operator bool() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return locale_ != nullptr; }
+
+  template <typename Locale> Locale get() const;
+};
+
+template <typename> constexpr unsigned long long encode_types() { return 0; }
+
+template <typename Context, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+constexpr unsigned long long encode_types() {
+  return static_cast<unsigned>(mapped_type_constant<Arg, Context>::value) |
+         (encode_types<Context, Args...>() << packed_arg_bits);
+}
+
+template <typename Context, typename T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_format_arg<Context> make_arg(const T& value) {
+  basic_format_arg<Context> arg;
+  arg.type_ = mapped_type_constant<T, Context>::value;
+  arg.value_ = arg_mapper<Context>().map(value);
+  return arg;
+}
+
+template <typename T> int check(unformattable) {
+  static_assert(
+      formattable<T>(),
+      "Cannot format an argument. To make type T formattable provide a "
+      "formatter<T> specialization: https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#udt");
+  return 0;
+}
+template <typename T, typename U> inline const U& check(const U& val) {
+  return val;
+}
+
+// The type template parameter is there to avoid an ODR violation when using
+// a fallback formatter in one translation unit and an implicit conversion in
+// another (not recommended).
+template <bool IS_PACKED, typename Context, type, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(IS_PACKED)>
+inline value<Context> make_arg(const T& val) {
+  return check<T>(arg_mapper<Context>().map(val));
+}
+
+template <bool IS_PACKED, typename Context, type, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!IS_PACKED)>
+inline basic_format_arg<Context> make_arg(const T& value) {
+  return make_arg<Context>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename T> struct is_reference_wrapper : std::false_type {};
+template <typename T>
+struct is_reference_wrapper<std::reference_wrapper<T>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T> const T& unwrap(const T& v) { return v; }
+template <typename T> const T& unwrap(const std::reference_wrapper<T>& v) {
+  return static_cast<const T&>(v);
+}
+
+class dynamic_arg_list {
+  // Workaround for clang's -Wweak-vtables. Unlike for regular classes, for
+  // templates it doesn't complain about inability to deduce single translation
+  // unit for placing vtable. So storage_node_base is made a fake template.
+  template <typename = void> struct node {
+    virtual ~node() = default;
+    std::unique_ptr<node<>> next;
+  };
+
+  template <typename T> struct typed_node : node<> {
+    T value;
+
+    template <typename Arg>
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR typed_node(const Arg& arg) : value(arg) {}
+
+    template <typename Char>
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR typed_node(const basic_string_view<Char>& arg)
+        : value(arg.data(), arg.size()) {}
+  };
+
+  std::unique_ptr<node<>> head_;
+
+ public:
+  template <typename T, typename Arg> const T& push(const Arg& arg) {
+    auto new_node = std::unique_ptr<typed_node<T>>(new typed_node<T>(arg));
+    auto& value = new_node->value;
+    new_node->next = std::move(head_);
+    head_ = std::move(new_node);
+    return value;
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// Formatting context.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_format_context {
+ public:
+  /** The character type for the output. */
+  using char_type = Char;
+
+ private:
+  OutputIt out_;
+  basic_format_args<basic_format_context> args_;
+  detail::locale_ref loc_;
+
+ public:
+  using iterator = OutputIt;
+  using format_arg = basic_format_arg<basic_format_context>;
+  using parse_context_type = basic_format_parse_context<Char>;
+  template <typename T> using formatter_type = formatter<T, char_type>;
+
+  basic_format_context(const basic_format_context&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const basic_format_context&) = delete;
+  /**
+   Constructs a ``basic_format_context`` object. References to the arguments are
+   stored in the object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
+   */
+  basic_format_context(OutputIt out,
+                       basic_format_args<basic_format_context> ctx_args,
+                       detail::locale_ref loc = detail::locale_ref())
+      : out_(out), args_(ctx_args), loc_(loc) {}
+
+  format_arg arg(int id) const { return args_.get(id); }
+  format_arg arg(basic_string_view<char_type> name) { return args_.get(name); }
+  int arg_id(basic_string_view<char_type> name) { return args_.get_id(name); }
+  const basic_format_args<basic_format_context>& args() const { return args_; }
+
+  detail::error_handler error_handler() { return {}; }
+  void on_error(const char* message) { error_handler().on_error(message); }
+
+  // Returns an iterator to the beginning of the output range.
+  iterator out() { return out_; }
+
+  // Advances the begin iterator to ``it``.
+  void advance_to(iterator it) {
+    if (!detail::is_back_insert_iterator<iterator>()) out_ = it;
+  }
+
+  detail::locale_ref locale() { return loc_; }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+using buffer_context =
+    basic_format_context<detail::buffer_appender<Char>, Char>;
+using format_context = buffer_context<char>;
+using wformat_context = buffer_context<wchar_t>;
+
+// Workaround an alias issue: https://stackoverflow.com/q/62767544/471164.
+#define FMT_BUFFER_CONTEXT(Char) \
+  basic_format_context<detail::buffer_appender<Char>, Char>
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  An array of references to arguments. It can be implicitly converted into
+  `~fmt::basic_format_args` for passing into type-erased formatting functions
+  such as `~fmt::vformat`.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Context, typename... Args>
+class format_arg_store
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
+    // Workaround a GCC template argument substitution bug.
+    : public basic_format_args<Context>
+#endif
+{
+ private:
+  static const size_t num_args = sizeof...(Args);
+  static const size_t num_named_args = detail::count_named_args<Args...>();
+  static const bool is_packed = num_args <= detail::max_packed_args;
+
+  using value_type = conditional_t<is_packed, detail::value<Context>,
+                                   basic_format_arg<Context>>;
+
+  detail::arg_data<value_type, typename Context::char_type, num_args,
+                   num_named_args>
+      data_;
+
+  friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
+
+  static constexpr unsigned long long desc =
+      (is_packed ? detail::encode_types<Context, Args...>()
+                 : detail::is_unpacked_bit | num_args) |
+      (num_named_args != 0
+           ? static_cast<unsigned long long>(detail::has_named_args_bit)
+           : 0);
+
+ public:
+  format_arg_store(const Args&... args)
+      :
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
+        basic_format_args<Context>(*this),
+#endif
+        data_{detail::make_arg<
+            is_packed, Context,
+            detail::mapped_type_constant<Args, Context>::value>(args)...} {
+    detail::init_named_args(data_.named_args(), 0, 0, args...);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Constructs a `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references to
+  arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::format_args`. `Context`
+  can be omitted in which case it defaults to `~fmt::context`.
+  See `~fmt::arg` for lifetime considerations.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Context = format_context, typename... Args>
+inline format_arg_store<Context, Args...> make_format_args(
+    const Args&... args) {
+  return {args...};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Constructs a `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references
+  to arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::format_args`.
+  If ``format_str`` is a compile-time string then `make_args_checked` checks
+  its validity at compile time.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename... Args, typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline auto make_args_checked(const S& format_str,
+                              const remove_reference_t<Args>&... args)
+    -> format_arg_store<buffer_context<Char>, remove_reference_t<Args>...> {
+  static_assert(
+      detail::count<(
+              std::is_base_of<detail::view, remove_reference_t<Args>>::value &&
+              std::is_reference<Args>::value)...>() == 0,
+      "passing views as lvalues is disallowed");
+  detail::check_format_string<Args...>(format_str);
+  return {args...};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Returns a named argument to be used in a formatting function. It should only
+  be used in a call to a formatting function.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print("Elapsed time: {s:.2f} seconds", fmt::arg("s", 1.23));
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Char, typename T>
+inline detail::named_arg<Char, T> arg(const Char* name, const T& arg) {
+  static_assert(!detail::is_named_arg<T>(), "nested named arguments");
+  return {name, arg};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  A dynamic version of `fmt::format_arg_store`.
+  It's equipped with a storage to potentially temporary objects which lifetimes
+  could be shorter than the format arguments object.
+
+  It can be implicitly converted into `~fmt::basic_format_args` for passing
+  into type-erased formatting functions such as `~fmt::vformat`.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Context>
+class dynamic_format_arg_store
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
+    // Workaround a GCC template argument substitution bug.
+    : public basic_format_args<Context>
+#endif
+{
+ private:
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  template <typename T> struct need_copy {
+    static constexpr detail::type mapped_type =
+        detail::mapped_type_constant<T, Context>::value;
+
+    enum {
+      value = !(detail::is_reference_wrapper<T>::value ||
+                std::is_same<T, basic_string_view<char_type>>::value ||
+                std::is_same<T, detail::std_string_view<char_type>>::value ||
+                (mapped_type != detail::type::cstring_type &&
+                 mapped_type != detail::type::string_type &&
+                 mapped_type != detail::type::custom_type))
+    };
+  };
+
+  template <typename T>
+  using stored_type = conditional_t<detail::is_string<T>::value,
+                                    std::basic_string<char_type>, T>;
+
+  // Storage of basic_format_arg must be contiguous.
+  std::vector<basic_format_arg<Context>> data_;
+  std::vector<detail::named_arg_info<char_type>> named_info_;
+
+  // Storage of arguments not fitting into basic_format_arg must grow
+  // without relocation because items in data_ refer to it.
+  detail::dynamic_arg_list dynamic_args_;
+
+  friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
+
+  unsigned long long get_types() const {
+    return detail::is_unpacked_bit | data_.size() |
+           (named_info_.empty()
+                ? 0ULL
+                : static_cast<unsigned long long>(detail::has_named_args_bit));
+  }
+
+  const basic_format_arg<Context>* data() const {
+    return named_info_.empty() ? data_.data() : data_.data() + 1;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T> void emplace_arg(const T& arg) {
+    data_.emplace_back(detail::make_arg<Context>(arg));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  void emplace_arg(const detail::named_arg<char_type, T>& arg) {
+    if (named_info_.empty()) {
+      constexpr const detail::named_arg_info<char_type>* zero_ptr{nullptr};
+      data_.insert(data_.begin(), {zero_ptr, 0});
+    }
+    data_.emplace_back(detail::make_arg<Context>(detail::unwrap(arg.value)));
+    auto pop_one = [](std::vector<basic_format_arg<Context>>* data) {
+      data->pop_back();
+    };
+    std::unique_ptr<std::vector<basic_format_arg<Context>>, decltype(pop_one)>
+        guard{&data_, pop_one};
+    named_info_.push_back({arg.name, static_cast<int>(data_.size() - 2u)});
+    data_[0].value_.named_args = {named_info_.data(), named_info_.size()};
+    guard.release();
+  }
+
+ public:
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Adds an argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a formatting
+    function.
+
+    Note that custom types and string types (but not string views) are copied
+    into the store dynamically allocating memory if necessary.
+
+    **Example**::
+
+      fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
+      store.push_back(42);
+      store.push_back("abc");
+      store.push_back(1.5f);
+      std::string result = fmt::vformat("{} and {} and {}", store);
+    \endrst
+  */
+  template <typename T> void push_back(const T& arg) {
+    if (detail::const_check(need_copy<T>::value))
+      emplace_arg(dynamic_args_.push<stored_type<T>>(arg));
+    else
+      emplace_arg(detail::unwrap(arg));
+  }
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Adds a reference to the argument into the dynamic store for later passing to
+    a formatting function. Supports named arguments wrapped in
+    ``std::reference_wrapper`` via ``std::ref()``/``std::cref()``.
+
+    **Example**::
+
+      fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
+      char str[] = "1234567890";
+      store.push_back(std::cref(str));
+      int a1_val{42};
+      auto a1 = fmt::arg("a1_", a1_val);
+      store.push_back(std::cref(a1));
+
+      // Changing str affects the output but only for string and custom types.
+      str[0] = 'X';
+
+      std::string result = fmt::vformat("{} and {a1_}");
+      assert(result == "X234567890 and 42");
+    \endrst
+  */
+  template <typename T> void push_back(std::reference_wrapper<T> arg) {
+    static_assert(
+        detail::is_named_arg<typename std::remove_cv<T>::type>::value ||
+            need_copy<T>::value,
+        "objects of built-in types and string views are always copied");
+    emplace_arg(arg.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+    Adds named argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a formatting
+    function. ``std::reference_wrapper`` is supported to avoid copying of the
+    argument.
+  */
+  template <typename T>
+  void push_back(const detail::named_arg<char_type, T>& arg) {
+    const char_type* arg_name =
+        dynamic_args_.push<std::basic_string<char_type>>(arg.name).c_str();
+    if (detail::const_check(need_copy<T>::value)) {
+      emplace_arg(
+          fmt::arg(arg_name, dynamic_args_.push<stored_type<T>>(arg.value)));
+    } else {
+      emplace_arg(fmt::arg(arg_name, arg.value));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Erase all elements from the store */
+  void clear() {
+    data_.clear();
+    named_info_.clear();
+    dynamic_args_ = detail::dynamic_arg_list();
+  }
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Reserves space to store at least *new_cap* arguments including
+    *new_cap_named* named arguments.
+    \endrst
+  */
+  void reserve(size_t new_cap, size_t new_cap_named) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(new_cap >= new_cap_named,
+               "Set of arguments includes set of named arguments");
+    data_.reserve(new_cap);
+    named_info_.reserve(new_cap_named);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  A view of a collection of formatting arguments. To avoid lifetime issues it
+  should only be used as a parameter type in type-erased functions such as
+  ``vformat``::
+
+    void vlog(string_view format_str, format_args args);  // OK
+    format_args args = make_format_args(42);  // Error: dangling reference
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Context> class basic_format_args {
+ public:
+  using size_type = int;
+  using format_arg = basic_format_arg<Context>;
+
+ private:
+  // A descriptor that contains information about formatting arguments.
+  // If the number of arguments is less or equal to max_packed_args then
+  // argument types are passed in the descriptor. This reduces binary code size
+  // per formatting function call.
+  unsigned long long desc_;
+  union {
+    // If is_packed() returns true then argument values are stored in values_;
+    // otherwise they are stored in args_. This is done to improve cache
+    // locality and reduce compiled code size since storing larger objects
+    // may require more code (at least on x86-64) even if the same amount of
+    // data is actually copied to stack. It saves ~10% on the bloat test.
+    const detail::value<Context>* values_;
+    const format_arg* args_;
+  };
+
+  bool is_packed() const { return (desc_ & detail::is_unpacked_bit) == 0; }
+  bool has_named_args() const {
+    return (desc_ & detail::has_named_args_bit) != 0;
+  }
+
+  detail::type type(int index) const {
+    int shift = index * detail::packed_arg_bits;
+    unsigned int mask = (1 << detail::packed_arg_bits) - 1;
+    return static_cast<detail::type>((desc_ >> shift) & mask);
+  }
+
+  basic_format_args(unsigned long long desc,
+                    const detail::value<Context>* values)
+      : desc_(desc), values_(values) {}
+  basic_format_args(unsigned long long desc, const format_arg* args)
+      : desc_(desc), args_(args) {}
+
+ public:
+  basic_format_args() : desc_(0) {}
+
+  /**
+   \rst
+   Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from `~fmt::format_arg_store`.
+   \endrst
+   */
+  template <typename... Args>
+  FMT_INLINE basic_format_args(const format_arg_store<Context, Args...>& store)
+      : basic_format_args(store.desc, store.data_.args()) {}
+
+  /**
+   \rst
+   Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from
+   `~fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store`.
+   \endrst
+   */
+  FMT_INLINE basic_format_args(const dynamic_format_arg_store<Context>& store)
+      : basic_format_args(store.get_types(), store.data()) {}
+
+  /**
+   \rst
+   Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from a dynamic set of arguments.
+   \endrst
+   */
+  basic_format_args(const format_arg* args, int count)
+      : basic_format_args(detail::is_unpacked_bit | detail::to_unsigned(count),
+                          args) {}
+
+  /** Returns the argument with the specified id. */
+  format_arg get(int id) const {
+    format_arg arg;
+    if (!is_packed()) {
+      if (id < max_size()) arg = args_[id];
+      return arg;
+    }
+    if (id >= detail::max_packed_args) return arg;
+    arg.type_ = type(id);
+    if (arg.type_ == detail::type::none_type) return arg;
+    arg.value_ = values_[id];
+    return arg;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Char> format_arg get(basic_string_view<Char> name) const {
+    int id = get_id(name);
+    return id >= 0 ? get(id) : format_arg();
+  }
+
+  template <typename Char> int get_id(basic_string_view<Char> name) const {
+    if (!has_named_args()) return -1;
+    const auto& named_args =
+        (is_packed() ? values_[-1] : args_[-1].value_).named_args;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < named_args.size; ++i) {
+      if (named_args.data[i].name == name) return named_args.data[i].id;
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  int max_size() const {
+    unsigned long long max_packed = detail::max_packed_args;
+    return static_cast<int>(is_packed() ? max_packed
+                                        : desc_ & ~detail::is_unpacked_bit);
+  }
+};
+
+#ifdef FMT_ARM_ABI_COMPATIBILITY
+/** An alias to ``basic_format_args<format_context>``. */
+// Separate types would result in shorter symbols but break ABI compatibility
+// between clang and gcc on ARM (#1919).
+using format_args = basic_format_args<format_context>;
+using wformat_args = basic_format_args<wformat_context>;
+#else
+// DEPRECATED! These are kept for ABI compatibility.
+// It is a separate type rather than an alias to make symbols readable.
+struct format_args : basic_format_args<format_context> {
+  template <typename... Args>
+  FMT_INLINE format_args(const Args&... args) : basic_format_args(args...) {}
+};
+struct wformat_args : basic_format_args<wformat_context> {
+  using basic_format_args::basic_format_args;
+};
+#endif
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
+std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
+    basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args);
+
+FMT_API std::string vformat(string_view format_str, format_args args);
+
+template <typename Char>
+void vformat_to(
+    buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<FMT_BUFFER_CONTEXT(type_identity_t<Char>)> args,
+    detail::locale_ref loc = {});
+
+template <typename Char, typename Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
+inline void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE*, basic_string_view<Char>, const Args&) {}
+
+FMT_API void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE*, string_view, format_args);
+#ifndef _WIN32
+inline void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE*, string_view, format_args) {}
+#endif
+}  // namespace detail
+
+/** Formats a string and writes the output to ``out``. */
+// GCC 8 and earlier cannot handle std::back_insert_iterator<Container> with
+// vformat_to<ArgFormatter>(...) overload, so SFINAE on iterator type instead.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value>
+auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, const S& format_str,
+                basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+    -> typename std::enable_if<enable, OutputIt>::type {
+  decltype(detail::get_buffer<Char>(out)) buf(detail::get_buffer_init(out));
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, to_string_view(format_str), args);
+  return detail::get_iterator(buf);
+}
+
+/**
+ \rst
+ Formats arguments, writes the result to the output iterator ``out`` and returns
+ the iterator past the end of the output range.
+
+ **Example**::
+
+   std::vector<char> out;
+   fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out), "{}", 42);
+ \endrst
+ */
+// We cannot use FMT_ENABLE_IF because of a bug in gcc 8.3.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char_t<S>>::value>
+inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const S& format_str, Args&&... args) ->
+    typename std::enable_if<enable, OutputIt>::type {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
+  return vformat_to(out, to_string_view(format_str), vargs);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt> struct format_to_n_result {
+  /** Iterator past the end of the output range. */
+  OutputIt out;
+  /** Total (not truncated) output size. */
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value)>
+inline format_to_n_result<OutputIt> vformat_to_n(
+    OutputIt out, size_t n, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  detail::iterator_buffer<OutputIt, Char, detail::fixed_buffer_traits> buf(out,
+                                                                           n);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, format_str, args);
+  return {buf.out(), buf.count()};
+}
+
+/**
+ \rst
+ Formats arguments, writes up to ``n`` characters of the result to the output
+ iterator ``out`` and returns the total output size and the iterator past the
+ end of the output range.
+ \endrst
+ */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char_t<S>>::value>
+inline auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, const S& format_str,
+                        const Args&... args) ->
+    typename std::enable_if<enable, format_to_n_result<OutputIt>>::type {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
+  return vformat_to_n(out, n, to_string_view(format_str), vargs);
+}
+
+/**
+  Returns the number of characters in the output of
+  ``format(format_str, args...)``.
+ */
+template <typename... Args>
+inline size_t formatted_size(string_view format_str, Args&&... args) {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
+  detail::counting_buffer<> buf;
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, format_str, vargs);
+  return buf.count();
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+FMT_INLINE std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
+    const S& format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  return detail::vformat(to_string_view(format_str), args);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats arguments and returns the result as a string.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    #include <fmt/core.h>
+    std::string message = fmt::format("The answer is {}", 42);
+  \endrst
+*/
+// Pass char_t as a default template parameter instead of using
+// std::basic_string<char_t<S>> to reduce the symbol size.
+template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+FMT_INLINE std::basic_string<Char> format(const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
+  return detail::vformat(to_string_view(format_str), vargs);
+}
+
+FMT_API void vprint(string_view, format_args);
+FMT_API void vprint(std::FILE*, string_view, format_args);
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``format_str`` and writes the
+  output to the file ``f``. Strings are assumed to be Unicode-encoded unless the
+  ``FMT_UNICODE`` macro is set to 0.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print(stderr, "Don't {}!", "panic");
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline void print(std::FILE* f, const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
+  return detail::is_unicode<Char>()
+             ? vprint(f, to_string_view(format_str), vargs)
+             : detail::vprint_mojibake(f, to_string_view(format_str), vargs);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``format_str`` and writes
+  the output to ``stdout``. Strings are assumed to be Unicode-encoded unless
+  the ``FMT_UNICODE`` macro is set to 0.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print("Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline void print(const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
+  return detail::is_unicode<Char>()
+             ? vprint(to_string_view(format_str), vargs)
+             : detail::vprint_mojibake(stdout, to_string_view(format_str),
+                                       vargs);
+}
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_CORE_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8f2fe735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2801 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - implementation
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - 2016, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_FORMAT_INL_H_
+#define FMT_FORMAT_INL_H_
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstring>  // std::memmove
+#include <cwchar>
+#include <exception>
+
+#ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
+#  include <locale>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#  include <io.h>  // _isatty
+#endif
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+// Dummy implementations of strerror_r and strerror_s called if corresponding
+// system functions are not available.
+inline fmt::detail::null<> strerror_r(int, char*, ...) { return {}; }
+inline fmt::detail::null<> strerror_s(char*, size_t, ...) { return {}; }
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+
+FMT_FUNC void assert_fail(const char* file, int line, const char* message) {
+  // Use unchecked std::fprintf to avoid triggering another assertion when
+  // writing to stderr fails
+  std::fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: assertion failed: %s", file, line, message);
+  // Chosen instead of std::abort to satisfy Clang in CUDA mode during device
+  // code pass.
+  std::terminate();
+}
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_SNPRINTF snprintf
+#else  // _MSC_VER
+inline int fmt_snprintf(char* buffer, size_t size, const char* format, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, format);
+  int result = vsnprintf_s(buffer, size, _TRUNCATE, format, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  return result;
+}
+#  define FMT_SNPRINTF fmt_snprintf
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+
+// A portable thread-safe version of strerror.
+// Sets buffer to point to a string describing the error code.
+// This can be either a pointer to a string stored in buffer,
+// or a pointer to some static immutable string.
+// Returns one of the following values:
+//   0      - success
+//   ERANGE - buffer is not large enough to store the error message
+//   other  - failure
+// Buffer should be at least of size 1.
+inline int safe_strerror(int error_code, char*& buffer,
+                         size_t buffer_size) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(buffer != nullptr && buffer_size != 0, "invalid buffer");
+
+  class dispatcher {
+   private:
+    int error_code_;
+    char*& buffer_;
+    size_t buffer_size_;
+
+    // A noop assignment operator to avoid bogus warnings.
+    void operator=(const dispatcher&) {}
+
+    // Handle the result of XSI-compliant version of strerror_r.
+    int handle(int result) {
+      // glibc versions before 2.13 return result in errno.
+      return result == -1 ? errno : result;
+    }
+
+    // Handle the result of GNU-specific version of strerror_r.
+    FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED
+    int handle(char* message) {
+      // If the buffer is full then the message is probably truncated.
+      if (message == buffer_ && strlen(buffer_) == buffer_size_ - 1)
+        return ERANGE;
+      buffer_ = message;
+      return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Handle the case when strerror_r is not available.
+    FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED
+    int handle(detail::null<>) {
+      return fallback(strerror_s(buffer_, buffer_size_, error_code_));
+    }
+
+    // Fallback to strerror_s when strerror_r is not available.
+    FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED
+    int fallback(int result) {
+      // If the buffer is full then the message is probably truncated.
+      return result == 0 && strlen(buffer_) == buffer_size_ - 1 ? ERANGE
+                                                                : result;
+    }
+
+#if !FMT_MSC_VER
+    // Fallback to strerror if strerror_r and strerror_s are not available.
+    int fallback(detail::null<>) {
+      errno = 0;
+      buffer_ = strerror(error_code_);
+      return errno;
+    }
+#endif
+
+   public:
+    dispatcher(int err_code, char*& buf, size_t buf_size)
+        : error_code_(err_code), buffer_(buf), buffer_size_(buf_size) {}
+
+    int run() { return handle(strerror_r(error_code_, buffer_, buffer_size_)); }
+  };
+  return dispatcher(error_code, buffer, buffer_size).run();
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC void format_error_code(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                                string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  // Report error code making sure that the output fits into
+  // inline_buffer_size to avoid dynamic memory allocation and potential
+  // bad_alloc.
+  out.try_resize(0);
+  static const char SEP[] = ": ";
+  static const char ERROR_STR[] = "error ";
+  // Subtract 2 to account for terminating null characters in SEP and ERROR_STR.
+  size_t error_code_size = sizeof(SEP) + sizeof(ERROR_STR) - 2;
+  auto abs_value = static_cast<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<int>>(error_code);
+  if (detail::is_negative(error_code)) {
+    abs_value = 0 - abs_value;
+    ++error_code_size;
+  }
+  error_code_size += detail::to_unsigned(detail::count_digits(abs_value));
+  auto it = buffer_appender<char>(out);
+  if (message.size() <= inline_buffer_size - error_code_size)
+    format_to(it, "{}{}", message, SEP);
+  format_to(it, "{}{}", ERROR_STR, error_code);
+  assert(out.size() <= inline_buffer_size);
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC void report_error(format_func func, int error_code,
+                           string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  memory_buffer full_message;
+  func(full_message, error_code, message);
+  // Don't use fwrite_fully because the latter may throw.
+  (void)std::fwrite(full_message.data(), full_message.size(), 1, stderr);
+  std::fputc('\n', stderr);
+}
+
+// A wrapper around fwrite that throws on error.
+inline void fwrite_fully(const void* ptr, size_t size, size_t count,
+                         FILE* stream) {
+  size_t written = std::fwrite(ptr, size, count, stream);
+  if (written < count) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot write to file"));
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+#if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename Locale>
+locale_ref::locale_ref(const Locale& loc) : locale_(&loc) {
+  static_assert(std::is_same<Locale, std::locale>::value, "");
+}
+
+template <typename Locale> Locale locale_ref::get() const {
+  static_assert(std::is_same<Locale, std::locale>::value, "");
+  return locale_ ? *static_cast<const std::locale*>(locale_) : std::locale();
+}
+
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC std::string grouping_impl(locale_ref loc) {
+  return std::use_facet<std::numpunct<Char>>(loc.get<std::locale>()).grouping();
+}
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref loc) {
+  return std::use_facet<std::numpunct<Char>>(loc.get<std::locale>())
+      .thousands_sep();
+}
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc) {
+  return std::use_facet<std::numpunct<Char>>(loc.get<std::locale>())
+      .decimal_point();
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+#else
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_FUNC std::string detail::grouping_impl(locale_ref) {
+  return "\03";
+}
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char detail::thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref) {
+  return FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR;
+}
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char detail::decimal_point_impl(locale_ref) {
+  return '.';
+}
+#endif
+
+FMT_API FMT_FUNC format_error::~format_error() FMT_NOEXCEPT = default;
+FMT_API FMT_FUNC system_error::~system_error() FMT_NOEXCEPT = default;
+
+FMT_FUNC void system_error::init(int err_code, string_view format_str,
+                                 format_args args) {
+  error_code_ = err_code;
+  memory_buffer buffer;
+  format_system_error(buffer, err_code, vformat(format_str, args));
+  std::runtime_error& base = *this;
+  base = std::runtime_error(to_string(buffer));
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <> FMT_FUNC int count_digits<4>(detail::fallback_uintptr n) {
+  // fallback_uintptr is always stored in little endian.
+  int i = static_cast<int>(sizeof(void*)) - 1;
+  while (i > 0 && n.value[i] == 0) --i;
+  auto char_digits = std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::digits / 4;
+  return i >= 0 ? i * char_digits + count_digits<4, unsigned>(n.value[i]) : 1;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+const typename basic_data<T>::digit_pair basic_data<T>::digits[] = {
+    {'0', '0'}, {'0', '1'}, {'0', '2'}, {'0', '3'}, {'0', '4'}, {'0', '5'},
+    {'0', '6'}, {'0', '7'}, {'0', '8'}, {'0', '9'}, {'1', '0'}, {'1', '1'},
+    {'1', '2'}, {'1', '3'}, {'1', '4'}, {'1', '5'}, {'1', '6'}, {'1', '7'},
+    {'1', '8'}, {'1', '9'}, {'2', '0'}, {'2', '1'}, {'2', '2'}, {'2', '3'},
+    {'2', '4'}, {'2', '5'}, {'2', '6'}, {'2', '7'}, {'2', '8'}, {'2', '9'},
+    {'3', '0'}, {'3', '1'}, {'3', '2'}, {'3', '3'}, {'3', '4'}, {'3', '5'},
+    {'3', '6'}, {'3', '7'}, {'3', '8'}, {'3', '9'}, {'4', '0'}, {'4', '1'},
+    {'4', '2'}, {'4', '3'}, {'4', '4'}, {'4', '5'}, {'4', '6'}, {'4', '7'},
+    {'4', '8'}, {'4', '9'}, {'5', '0'}, {'5', '1'}, {'5', '2'}, {'5', '3'},
+    {'5', '4'}, {'5', '5'}, {'5', '6'}, {'5', '7'}, {'5', '8'}, {'5', '9'},
+    {'6', '0'}, {'6', '1'}, {'6', '2'}, {'6', '3'}, {'6', '4'}, {'6', '5'},
+    {'6', '6'}, {'6', '7'}, {'6', '8'}, {'6', '9'}, {'7', '0'}, {'7', '1'},
+    {'7', '2'}, {'7', '3'}, {'7', '4'}, {'7', '5'}, {'7', '6'}, {'7', '7'},
+    {'7', '8'}, {'7', '9'}, {'8', '0'}, {'8', '1'}, {'8', '2'}, {'8', '3'},
+    {'8', '4'}, {'8', '5'}, {'8', '6'}, {'8', '7'}, {'8', '8'}, {'8', '9'},
+    {'9', '0'}, {'9', '1'}, {'9', '2'}, {'9', '3'}, {'9', '4'}, {'9', '5'},
+    {'9', '6'}, {'9', '7'}, {'9', '8'}, {'9', '9'}};
+
+template <typename T>
+const char basic_data<T>::hex_digits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+#define FMT_POWERS_OF_10(factor)                                             \
+  factor * 10, (factor)*100, (factor)*1000, (factor)*10000, (factor)*100000, \
+      (factor)*1000000, (factor)*10000000, (factor)*100000000,               \
+      (factor)*1000000000
+
+template <typename T>
+const uint64_t basic_data<T>::powers_of_10_64[] = {
+    1, FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1), FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1000000000ULL),
+    10000000000000000000ULL};
+
+template <typename T>
+const uint32_t basic_data<T>::zero_or_powers_of_10_32[] = {0,
+                                                           FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1)};
+template <typename T>
+const uint64_t basic_data<T>::zero_or_powers_of_10_64[] = {
+    0, FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1), FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1000000000ULL),
+    10000000000000000000ULL};
+
+template <typename T>
+const uint32_t basic_data<T>::zero_or_powers_of_10_32_new[] = {
+    0, 0, FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1)};
+
+template <typename T>
+const uint64_t basic_data<T>::zero_or_powers_of_10_64_new[] = {
+    0, 0, FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1), FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1000000000ULL),
+    10000000000000000000ULL};
+
+// Normalized 64-bit significands of pow(10, k), for k = -348, -340, ..., 340.
+// These are generated by support/compute-powers.py.
+template <typename T>
+const uint64_t basic_data<T>::grisu_pow10_significands[] = {
+    0xfa8fd5a0081c0288, 0xbaaee17fa23ebf76, 0x8b16fb203055ac76,
+    0xcf42894a5dce35ea, 0x9a6bb0aa55653b2d, 0xe61acf033d1a45df,
+    0xab70fe17c79ac6ca, 0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f, 0xbe5691ef416bd60c,
+    0x8dd01fad907ffc3c, 0xd3515c2831559a83, 0x9d71ac8fada6c9b5,
+    0xea9c227723ee8bcb, 0xaecc49914078536d, 0x823c12795db6ce57,
+    0xc21094364dfb5637, 0x9096ea6f3848984f, 0xd77485cb25823ac7,
+    0xa086cfcd97bf97f4, 0xef340a98172aace5, 0xb23867fb2a35b28e,
+    0x84c8d4dfd2c63f3b, 0xc5dd44271ad3cdba, 0x936b9fcebb25c996,
+    0xdbac6c247d62a584, 0xa3ab66580d5fdaf6, 0xf3e2f893dec3f126,
+    0xb5b5ada8aaff80b8, 0x87625f056c7c4a8b, 0xc9bcff6034c13053,
+    0x964e858c91ba2655, 0xdff9772470297ebd, 0xa6dfbd9fb8e5b88f,
+    0xf8a95fcf88747d94, 0xb94470938fa89bcf, 0x8a08f0f8bf0f156b,
+    0xcdb02555653131b6, 0x993fe2c6d07b7fac, 0xe45c10c42a2b3b06,
+    0xaa242499697392d3, 0xfd87b5f28300ca0e, 0xbce5086492111aeb,
+    0x8cbccc096f5088cc, 0xd1b71758e219652c, 0x9c40000000000000,
+    0xe8d4a51000000000, 0xad78ebc5ac620000, 0x813f3978f8940984,
+    0xc097ce7bc90715b3, 0x8f7e32ce7bea5c70, 0xd5d238a4abe98068,
+    0x9f4f2726179a2245, 0xed63a231d4c4fb27, 0xb0de65388cc8ada8,
+    0x83c7088e1aab65db, 0xc45d1df942711d9a, 0x924d692ca61be758,
+    0xda01ee641a708dea, 0xa26da3999aef774a, 0xf209787bb47d6b85,
+    0xb454e4a179dd1877, 0x865b86925b9bc5c2, 0xc83553c5c8965d3d,
+    0x952ab45cfa97a0b3, 0xde469fbd99a05fe3, 0xa59bc234db398c25,
+    0xf6c69a72a3989f5c, 0xb7dcbf5354e9bece, 0x88fcf317f22241e2,
+    0xcc20ce9bd35c78a5, 0x98165af37b2153df, 0xe2a0b5dc971f303a,
+    0xa8d9d1535ce3b396, 0xfb9b7cd9a4a7443c, 0xbb764c4ca7a44410,
+    0x8bab8eefb6409c1a, 0xd01fef10a657842c, 0x9b10a4e5e9913129,
+    0xe7109bfba19c0c9d, 0xac2820d9623bf429, 0x80444b5e7aa7cf85,
+    0xbf21e44003acdd2d, 0x8e679c2f5e44ff8f, 0xd433179d9c8cb841,
+    0x9e19db92b4e31ba9, 0xeb96bf6ebadf77d9, 0xaf87023b9bf0ee6b,
+};
+
+// Binary exponents of pow(10, k), for k = -348, -340, ..., 340, corresponding
+// to significands above.
+template <typename T>
+const int16_t basic_data<T>::grisu_pow10_exponents[] = {
+    -1220, -1193, -1166, -1140, -1113, -1087, -1060, -1034, -1007, -980, -954,
+    -927,  -901,  -874,  -847,  -821,  -794,  -768,  -741,  -715,  -688, -661,
+    -635,  -608,  -582,  -555,  -529,  -502,  -475,  -449,  -422,  -396, -369,
+    -343,  -316,  -289,  -263,  -236,  -210,  -183,  -157,  -130,  -103, -77,
+    -50,   -24,   3,     30,    56,    83,    109,   136,   162,   189,  216,
+    242,   269,   295,   322,   348,   375,   402,   428,   455,   481,  508,
+    534,   561,   588,   614,   641,   667,   694,   720,   747,   774,  800,
+    827,   853,   880,   907,   933,   960,   986,   1013,  1039,  1066};
+
+template <typename T>
+const divtest_table_entry<uint32_t> basic_data<T>::divtest_table_for_pow5_32[] =
+    {{0x00000001, 0xffffffff}, {0xcccccccd, 0x33333333},
+     {0xc28f5c29, 0x0a3d70a3}, {0x26e978d5, 0x020c49ba},
+     {0x3afb7e91, 0x0068db8b}, {0x0bcbe61d, 0x0014f8b5},
+     {0x68c26139, 0x000431bd}, {0xae8d46a5, 0x0000d6bf},
+     {0x22e90e21, 0x00002af3}, {0x3a2e9c6d, 0x00000897},
+     {0x3ed61f49, 0x000001b7}};
+
+template <typename T>
+const divtest_table_entry<uint64_t> basic_data<T>::divtest_table_for_pow5_64[] =
+    {{0x0000000000000001, 0xffffffffffffffff},
+     {0xcccccccccccccccd, 0x3333333333333333},
+     {0x8f5c28f5c28f5c29, 0x0a3d70a3d70a3d70},
+     {0x1cac083126e978d5, 0x020c49ba5e353f7c},
+     {0xd288ce703afb7e91, 0x0068db8bac710cb2},
+     {0x5d4e8fb00bcbe61d, 0x0014f8b588e368f0},
+     {0x790fb65668c26139, 0x000431bde82d7b63},
+     {0xe5032477ae8d46a5, 0x0000d6bf94d5e57a},
+     {0xc767074b22e90e21, 0x00002af31dc46118},
+     {0x8e47ce423a2e9c6d, 0x0000089705f4136b},
+     {0x4fa7f60d3ed61f49, 0x000001b7cdfd9d7b},
+     {0x0fee64690c913975, 0x00000057f5ff85e5},
+     {0x3662e0e1cf503eb1, 0x000000119799812d},
+     {0xa47a2cf9f6433fbd, 0x0000000384b84d09},
+     {0x54186f653140a659, 0x00000000b424dc35},
+     {0x7738164770402145, 0x0000000024075f3d},
+     {0xe4a4d1417cd9a041, 0x000000000734aca5},
+     {0xc75429d9e5c5200d, 0x000000000170ef54},
+     {0xc1773b91fac10669, 0x000000000049c977},
+     {0x26b172506559ce15, 0x00000000000ec1e4},
+     {0xd489e3a9addec2d1, 0x000000000002f394},
+     {0x90e860bb892c8d5d, 0x000000000000971d},
+     {0x502e79bf1b6f4f79, 0x0000000000001e39},
+     {0xdcd618596be30fe5, 0x000000000000060b}};
+
+template <typename T>
+const uint64_t basic_data<T>::dragonbox_pow10_significands_64[] = {
+    0x81ceb32c4b43fcf5, 0xa2425ff75e14fc32, 0xcad2f7f5359a3b3f,
+    0xfd87b5f28300ca0e, 0x9e74d1b791e07e49, 0xc612062576589ddb,
+    0xf79687aed3eec552, 0x9abe14cd44753b53, 0xc16d9a0095928a28,
+    0xf1c90080baf72cb2, 0x971da05074da7bef, 0xbce5086492111aeb,
+    0xec1e4a7db69561a6, 0x9392ee8e921d5d08, 0xb877aa3236a4b44a,
+    0xe69594bec44de15c, 0x901d7cf73ab0acda, 0xb424dc35095cd810,
+    0xe12e13424bb40e14, 0x8cbccc096f5088cc, 0xafebff0bcb24aaff,
+    0xdbe6fecebdedd5bf, 0x89705f4136b4a598, 0xabcc77118461cefd,
+    0xd6bf94d5e57a42bd, 0x8637bd05af6c69b6, 0xa7c5ac471b478424,
+    0xd1b71758e219652c, 0x83126e978d4fdf3c, 0xa3d70a3d70a3d70b,
+    0xcccccccccccccccd, 0x8000000000000000, 0xa000000000000000,
+    0xc800000000000000, 0xfa00000000000000, 0x9c40000000000000,
+    0xc350000000000000, 0xf424000000000000, 0x9896800000000000,
+    0xbebc200000000000, 0xee6b280000000000, 0x9502f90000000000,
+    0xba43b74000000000, 0xe8d4a51000000000, 0x9184e72a00000000,
+    0xb5e620f480000000, 0xe35fa931a0000000, 0x8e1bc9bf04000000,
+    0xb1a2bc2ec5000000, 0xde0b6b3a76400000, 0x8ac7230489e80000,
+    0xad78ebc5ac620000, 0xd8d726b7177a8000, 0x878678326eac9000,
+    0xa968163f0a57b400, 0xd3c21bcecceda100, 0x84595161401484a0,
+    0xa56fa5b99019a5c8, 0xcecb8f27f4200f3a, 0x813f3978f8940984,
+    0xa18f07d736b90be5, 0xc9f2c9cd04674ede, 0xfc6f7c4045812296,
+    0x9dc5ada82b70b59d, 0xc5371912364ce305, 0xf684df56c3e01bc6,
+    0x9a130b963a6c115c, 0xc097ce7bc90715b3, 0xf0bdc21abb48db20,
+    0x96769950b50d88f4, 0xbc143fa4e250eb31, 0xeb194f8e1ae525fd,
+    0x92efd1b8d0cf37be, 0xb7abc627050305ad, 0xe596b7b0c643c719,
+    0x8f7e32ce7bea5c6f, 0xb35dbf821ae4f38b, 0xe0352f62a19e306e};
+
+template <typename T>
+const uint128_wrapper basic_data<T>::dragonbox_pow10_significands_128[] = {
+#if FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX
+    {0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f, 0x25e8e89c13bb0f7b},
+    {0x9faacf3df73609b1, 0x77b191618c54e9ad},
+    {0xc795830d75038c1d, 0xd59df5b9ef6a2418},
+    {0xf97ae3d0d2446f25, 0x4b0573286b44ad1e},
+    {0x9becce62836ac577, 0x4ee367f9430aec33},
+    {0xc2e801fb244576d5, 0x229c41f793cda740},
+    {0xf3a20279ed56d48a, 0x6b43527578c11110},
+    {0x9845418c345644d6, 0x830a13896b78aaaa},
+    {0xbe5691ef416bd60c, 0x23cc986bc656d554},
+    {0xedec366b11c6cb8f, 0x2cbfbe86b7ec8aa9},
+    {0x94b3a202eb1c3f39, 0x7bf7d71432f3d6aa},
+    {0xb9e08a83a5e34f07, 0xdaf5ccd93fb0cc54},
+    {0xe858ad248f5c22c9, 0xd1b3400f8f9cff69},
+    {0x91376c36d99995be, 0x23100809b9c21fa2},
+    {0xb58547448ffffb2d, 0xabd40a0c2832a78b},
+    {0xe2e69915b3fff9f9, 0x16c90c8f323f516d},
+    {0x8dd01fad907ffc3b, 0xae3da7d97f6792e4},
+    {0xb1442798f49ffb4a, 0x99cd11cfdf41779d},
+    {0xdd95317f31c7fa1d, 0x40405643d711d584},
+    {0x8a7d3eef7f1cfc52, 0x482835ea666b2573},
+    {0xad1c8eab5ee43b66, 0xda3243650005eed0},
+    {0xd863b256369d4a40, 0x90bed43e40076a83},
+    {0x873e4f75e2224e68, 0x5a7744a6e804a292},
+    {0xa90de3535aaae202, 0x711515d0a205cb37},
+    {0xd3515c2831559a83, 0x0d5a5b44ca873e04},
+    {0x8412d9991ed58091, 0xe858790afe9486c3},
+    {0xa5178fff668ae0b6, 0x626e974dbe39a873},
+    {0xce5d73ff402d98e3, 0xfb0a3d212dc81290},
+    {0x80fa687f881c7f8e, 0x7ce66634bc9d0b9a},
+    {0xa139029f6a239f72, 0x1c1fffc1ebc44e81},
+    {0xc987434744ac874e, 0xa327ffb266b56221},
+    {0xfbe9141915d7a922, 0x4bf1ff9f0062baa9},
+    {0x9d71ac8fada6c9b5, 0x6f773fc3603db4aa},
+    {0xc4ce17b399107c22, 0xcb550fb4384d21d4},
+    {0xf6019da07f549b2b, 0x7e2a53a146606a49},
+    {0x99c102844f94e0fb, 0x2eda7444cbfc426e},
+    {0xc0314325637a1939, 0xfa911155fefb5309},
+    {0xf03d93eebc589f88, 0x793555ab7eba27cb},
+    {0x96267c7535b763b5, 0x4bc1558b2f3458df},
+    {0xbbb01b9283253ca2, 0x9eb1aaedfb016f17},
+    {0xea9c227723ee8bcb, 0x465e15a979c1cadd},
+    {0x92a1958a7675175f, 0x0bfacd89ec191eca},
+    {0xb749faed14125d36, 0xcef980ec671f667c},
+    {0xe51c79a85916f484, 0x82b7e12780e7401b},
+    {0x8f31cc0937ae58d2, 0xd1b2ecb8b0908811},
+    {0xb2fe3f0b8599ef07, 0x861fa7e6dcb4aa16},
+    {0xdfbdcece67006ac9, 0x67a791e093e1d49b},
+    {0x8bd6a141006042bd, 0xe0c8bb2c5c6d24e1},
+    {0xaecc49914078536d, 0x58fae9f773886e19},
+    {0xda7f5bf590966848, 0xaf39a475506a899f},
+    {0x888f99797a5e012d, 0x6d8406c952429604},
+    {0xaab37fd7d8f58178, 0xc8e5087ba6d33b84},
+    {0xd5605fcdcf32e1d6, 0xfb1e4a9a90880a65},
+    {0x855c3be0a17fcd26, 0x5cf2eea09a550680},
+    {0xa6b34ad8c9dfc06f, 0xf42faa48c0ea481f},
+    {0xd0601d8efc57b08b, 0xf13b94daf124da27},
+    {0x823c12795db6ce57, 0x76c53d08d6b70859},
+    {0xa2cb1717b52481ed, 0x54768c4b0c64ca6f},
+    {0xcb7ddcdda26da268, 0xa9942f5dcf7dfd0a},
+    {0xfe5d54150b090b02, 0xd3f93b35435d7c4d},
+    {0x9efa548d26e5a6e1, 0xc47bc5014a1a6db0},
+    {0xc6b8e9b0709f109a, 0x359ab6419ca1091c},
+    {0xf867241c8cc6d4c0, 0xc30163d203c94b63},
+    {0x9b407691d7fc44f8, 0x79e0de63425dcf1e},
+    {0xc21094364dfb5636, 0x985915fc12f542e5},
+    {0xf294b943e17a2bc4, 0x3e6f5b7b17b2939e},
+    {0x979cf3ca6cec5b5a, 0xa705992ceecf9c43},
+    {0xbd8430bd08277231, 0x50c6ff782a838354},
+    {0xece53cec4a314ebd, 0xa4f8bf5635246429},
+    {0x940f4613ae5ed136, 0x871b7795e136be9a},
+    {0xb913179899f68584, 0x28e2557b59846e40},
+    {0xe757dd7ec07426e5, 0x331aeada2fe589d0},
+    {0x9096ea6f3848984f, 0x3ff0d2c85def7622},
+    {0xb4bca50b065abe63, 0x0fed077a756b53aa},
+    {0xe1ebce4dc7f16dfb, 0xd3e8495912c62895},
+    {0x8d3360f09cf6e4bd, 0x64712dd7abbbd95d},
+    {0xb080392cc4349dec, 0xbd8d794d96aacfb4},
+    {0xdca04777f541c567, 0xecf0d7a0fc5583a1},
+    {0x89e42caaf9491b60, 0xf41686c49db57245},
+    {0xac5d37d5b79b6239, 0x311c2875c522ced6},
+    {0xd77485cb25823ac7, 0x7d633293366b828c},
+    {0x86a8d39ef77164bc, 0xae5dff9c02033198},
+    {0xa8530886b54dbdeb, 0xd9f57f830283fdfd},
+    {0xd267caa862a12d66, 0xd072df63c324fd7c},
+    {0x8380dea93da4bc60, 0x4247cb9e59f71e6e},
+    {0xa46116538d0deb78, 0x52d9be85f074e609},
+    {0xcd795be870516656, 0x67902e276c921f8c},
+    {0x806bd9714632dff6, 0x00ba1cd8a3db53b7},
+    {0xa086cfcd97bf97f3, 0x80e8a40eccd228a5},
+    {0xc8a883c0fdaf7df0, 0x6122cd128006b2ce},
+    {0xfad2a4b13d1b5d6c, 0x796b805720085f82},
+    {0x9cc3a6eec6311a63, 0xcbe3303674053bb1},
+    {0xc3f490aa77bd60fc, 0xbedbfc4411068a9d},
+    {0xf4f1b4d515acb93b, 0xee92fb5515482d45},
+    {0x991711052d8bf3c5, 0x751bdd152d4d1c4b},
+    {0xbf5cd54678eef0b6, 0xd262d45a78a0635e},
+    {0xef340a98172aace4, 0x86fb897116c87c35},
+    {0x9580869f0e7aac0e, 0xd45d35e6ae3d4da1},
+    {0xbae0a846d2195712, 0x8974836059cca10a},
+    {0xe998d258869facd7, 0x2bd1a438703fc94c},
+    {0x91ff83775423cc06, 0x7b6306a34627ddd0},
+    {0xb67f6455292cbf08, 0x1a3bc84c17b1d543},
+    {0xe41f3d6a7377eeca, 0x20caba5f1d9e4a94},
+    {0x8e938662882af53e, 0x547eb47b7282ee9d},
+    {0xb23867fb2a35b28d, 0xe99e619a4f23aa44},
+    {0xdec681f9f4c31f31, 0x6405fa00e2ec94d5},
+    {0x8b3c113c38f9f37e, 0xde83bc408dd3dd05},
+    {0xae0b158b4738705e, 0x9624ab50b148d446},
+    {0xd98ddaee19068c76, 0x3badd624dd9b0958},
+    {0x87f8a8d4cfa417c9, 0xe54ca5d70a80e5d7},
+    {0xa9f6d30a038d1dbc, 0x5e9fcf4ccd211f4d},
+    {0xd47487cc8470652b, 0x7647c32000696720},
+    {0x84c8d4dfd2c63f3b, 0x29ecd9f40041e074},
+    {0xa5fb0a17c777cf09, 0xf468107100525891},
+    {0xcf79cc9db955c2cc, 0x7182148d4066eeb5},
+    {0x81ac1fe293d599bf, 0xc6f14cd848405531},
+    {0xa21727db38cb002f, 0xb8ada00e5a506a7d},
+    {0xca9cf1d206fdc03b, 0xa6d90811f0e4851d},
+    {0xfd442e4688bd304a, 0x908f4a166d1da664},
+    {0x9e4a9cec15763e2e, 0x9a598e4e043287ff},
+    {0xc5dd44271ad3cdba, 0x40eff1e1853f29fe},
+    {0xf7549530e188c128, 0xd12bee59e68ef47d},
+    {0x9a94dd3e8cf578b9, 0x82bb74f8301958cf},
+    {0xc13a148e3032d6e7, 0xe36a52363c1faf02},
+    {0xf18899b1bc3f8ca1, 0xdc44e6c3cb279ac2},
+    {0x96f5600f15a7b7e5, 0x29ab103a5ef8c0ba},
+    {0xbcb2b812db11a5de, 0x7415d448f6b6f0e8},
+    {0xebdf661791d60f56, 0x111b495b3464ad22},
+    {0x936b9fcebb25c995, 0xcab10dd900beec35},
+    {0xb84687c269ef3bfb, 0x3d5d514f40eea743},
+    {0xe65829b3046b0afa, 0x0cb4a5a3112a5113},
+    {0x8ff71a0fe2c2e6dc, 0x47f0e785eaba72ac},
+    {0xb3f4e093db73a093, 0x59ed216765690f57},
+    {0xe0f218b8d25088b8, 0x306869c13ec3532d},
+    {0x8c974f7383725573, 0x1e414218c73a13fc},
+    {0xafbd2350644eeacf, 0xe5d1929ef90898fb},
+    {0xdbac6c247d62a583, 0xdf45f746b74abf3a},
+    {0x894bc396ce5da772, 0x6b8bba8c328eb784},
+    {0xab9eb47c81f5114f, 0x066ea92f3f326565},
+    {0xd686619ba27255a2, 0xc80a537b0efefebe},
+    {0x8613fd0145877585, 0xbd06742ce95f5f37},
+    {0xa798fc4196e952e7, 0x2c48113823b73705},
+    {0xd17f3b51fca3a7a0, 0xf75a15862ca504c6},
+    {0x82ef85133de648c4, 0x9a984d73dbe722fc},
+    {0xa3ab66580d5fdaf5, 0xc13e60d0d2e0ebbb},
+    {0xcc963fee10b7d1b3, 0x318df905079926a9},
+    {0xffbbcfe994e5c61f, 0xfdf17746497f7053},
+    {0x9fd561f1fd0f9bd3, 0xfeb6ea8bedefa634},
+    {0xc7caba6e7c5382c8, 0xfe64a52ee96b8fc1},
+    {0xf9bd690a1b68637b, 0x3dfdce7aa3c673b1},
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+    {0xd1ef0244af2364ff, 0x3207d795430cd926},
+    {0x8335616aed761f1f, 0x7f44e6bd49e807b8},
+    {0xa402b9c5a8d3a6e7, 0x5f16206c9c6209a6},
+    {0xcd036837130890a1, 0x36dba887c37a8c0f},
+    {0x802221226be55a64, 0xc2494954da2c9789},
+    {0xa02aa96b06deb0fd, 0xf2db9baa10b7bd6c},
+    {0xc83553c5c8965d3d, 0x6f92829494e5acc7},
+    {0xfa42a8b73abbf48c, 0xcb772339ba1f17f9},
+    {0x9c69a97284b578d7, 0xff2a760414536efb},
+    {0xc38413cf25e2d70d, 0xfef5138519684aba},
+    {0xf46518c2ef5b8cd1, 0x7eb258665fc25d69},
+    {0x98bf2f79d5993802, 0xef2f773ffbd97a61},
+    {0xbeeefb584aff8603, 0xaafb550ffacfd8fa},
+    {0xeeaaba2e5dbf6784, 0x95ba2a53f983cf38},
+    {0x952ab45cfa97a0b2, 0xdd945a747bf26183},
+    {0xba756174393d88df, 0x94f971119aeef9e4},
+    {0xe912b9d1478ceb17, 0x7a37cd5601aab85d},
+    {0x91abb422ccb812ee, 0xac62e055c10ab33a},
+    {0xb616a12b7fe617aa, 0x577b986b314d6009},
+    {0xe39c49765fdf9d94, 0xed5a7e85fda0b80b},
+    {0x8e41ade9fbebc27d, 0x14588f13be847307},
+    {0xb1d219647ae6b31c, 0x596eb2d8ae258fc8},
+    {0xde469fbd99a05fe3, 0x6fca5f8ed9aef3bb},
+    {0x8aec23d680043bee, 0x25de7bb9480d5854},
+    {0xada72ccc20054ae9, 0xaf561aa79a10ae6a},
+    {0xd910f7ff28069da4, 0x1b2ba1518094da04},
+    {0x87aa9aff79042286, 0x90fb44d2f05d0842},
+    {0xa99541bf57452b28, 0x353a1607ac744a53},
+    {0xd3fa922f2d1675f2, 0x42889b8997915ce8},
+    {0x847c9b5d7c2e09b7, 0x69956135febada11},
+    {0xa59bc234db398c25, 0x43fab9837e699095},
+    {0xcf02b2c21207ef2e, 0x94f967e45e03f4bb},
+    {0x8161afb94b44f57d, 0x1d1be0eebac278f5},
+    {0xa1ba1ba79e1632dc, 0x6462d92a69731732},
+    {0xca28a291859bbf93, 0x7d7b8f7503cfdcfe},
+    {0xfcb2cb35e702af78, 0x5cda735244c3d43e},
+    {0x9defbf01b061adab, 0x3a0888136afa64a7},
+    {0xc56baec21c7a1916, 0x088aaa1845b8fdd0},
+    {0xf6c69a72a3989f5b, 0x8aad549e57273d45},
+    {0x9a3c2087a63f6399, 0x36ac54e2f678864b},
+    {0xc0cb28a98fcf3c7f, 0x84576a1bb416a7dd},
+    {0xf0fdf2d3f3c30b9f, 0x656d44a2a11c51d5},
+    {0x969eb7c47859e743, 0x9f644ae5a4b1b325},
+    {0xbc4665b596706114, 0x873d5d9f0dde1fee},
+    {0xeb57ff22fc0c7959, 0xa90cb506d155a7ea},
+    {0x9316ff75dd87cbd8, 0x09a7f12442d588f2},
+    {0xb7dcbf5354e9bece, 0x0c11ed6d538aeb2f},
+    {0xe5d3ef282a242e81, 0x8f1668c8a86da5fa},
+    {0x8fa475791a569d10, 0xf96e017d694487bc},
+    {0xb38d92d760ec4455, 0x37c981dcc395a9ac},
+    {0xe070f78d3927556a, 0x85bbe253f47b1417},
+    {0x8c469ab843b89562, 0x93956d7478ccec8e},
+    {0xaf58416654a6babb, 0x387ac8d1970027b2},
+    {0xdb2e51bfe9d0696a, 0x06997b05fcc0319e},
+    {0x88fcf317f22241e2, 0x441fece3bdf81f03},
+    {0xab3c2fddeeaad25a, 0xd527e81cad7626c3},
+    {0xd60b3bd56a5586f1, 0x8a71e223d8d3b074},
+    {0x85c7056562757456, 0xf6872d5667844e49},
+    {0xa738c6bebb12d16c, 0xb428f8ac016561db},
+    {0xd106f86e69d785c7, 0xe13336d701beba52},
+    {0x82a45b450226b39c, 0xecc0024661173473},
+    {0xa34d721642b06084, 0x27f002d7f95d0190},
+    {0xcc20ce9bd35c78a5, 0x31ec038df7b441f4},
+    {0xff290242c83396ce, 0x7e67047175a15271},
+    {0x9f79a169bd203e41, 0x0f0062c6e984d386},
+    {0xc75809c42c684dd1, 0x52c07b78a3e60868},
+    {0xf92e0c3537826145, 0xa7709a56ccdf8a82},
+    {0x9bbcc7a142b17ccb, 0x88a66076400bb691},
+    {0xc2abf989935ddbfe, 0x6acff893d00ea435},
+    {0xf356f7ebf83552fe, 0x0583f6b8c4124d43},
+    {0x98165af37b2153de, 0xc3727a337a8b704a},
+    {0xbe1bf1b059e9a8d6, 0x744f18c0592e4c5c},
+    {0xeda2ee1c7064130c, 0x1162def06f79df73},
+    {0x9485d4d1c63e8be7, 0x8addcb5645ac2ba8},
+    {0xb9a74a0637ce2ee1, 0x6d953e2bd7173692},
+    {0xe8111c87c5c1ba99, 0xc8fa8db6ccdd0437},
+    {0x910ab1d4db9914a0, 0x1d9c9892400a22a2},
+    {0xb54d5e4a127f59c8, 0x2503beb6d00cab4b},
+    {0xe2a0b5dc971f303a, 0x2e44ae64840fd61d},
+    {0x8da471a9de737e24, 0x5ceaecfed289e5d2},
+    {0xb10d8e1456105dad, 0x7425a83e872c5f47},
+    {0xdd50f1996b947518, 0xd12f124e28f77719},
+    {0x8a5296ffe33cc92f, 0x82bd6b70d99aaa6f},
+    {0xace73cbfdc0bfb7b, 0x636cc64d1001550b},
+    {0xd8210befd30efa5a, 0x3c47f7e05401aa4e},
+    {0x8714a775e3e95c78, 0x65acfaec34810a71},
+    {0xa8d9d1535ce3b396, 0x7f1839a741a14d0d},
+    {0xd31045a8341ca07c, 0x1ede48111209a050},
+    {0x83ea2b892091e44d, 0x934aed0aab460432},
+    {0xa4e4b66b68b65d60, 0xf81da84d5617853f},
+    {0xce1de40642e3f4b9, 0x36251260ab9d668e},
+    {0x80d2ae83e9ce78f3, 0xc1d72b7c6b426019},
+    {0xa1075a24e4421730, 0xb24cf65b8612f81f},
+    {0xc94930ae1d529cfc, 0xdee033f26797b627},
+    {0xfb9b7cd9a4a7443c, 0x169840ef017da3b1},
+    {0x9d412e0806e88aa5, 0x8e1f289560ee864e},
+    {0xc491798a08a2ad4e, 0xf1a6f2bab92a27e2},
+    {0xf5b5d7ec8acb58a2, 0xae10af696774b1db},
+    {0x9991a6f3d6bf1765, 0xacca6da1e0a8ef29},
+    {0xbff610b0cc6edd3f, 0x17fd090a58d32af3},
+    {0xeff394dcff8a948e, 0xddfc4b4cef07f5b0},
+    {0x95f83d0a1fb69cd9, 0x4abdaf101564f98e},
+    {0xbb764c4ca7a4440f, 0x9d6d1ad41abe37f1},
+    {0xea53df5fd18d5513, 0x84c86189216dc5ed},
+    {0x92746b9be2f8552c, 0x32fd3cf5b4e49bb4},
+    {0xb7118682dbb66a77, 0x3fbc8c33221dc2a1},
+    {0xe4d5e82392a40515, 0x0fabaf3feaa5334a},
+    {0x8f05b1163ba6832d, 0x29cb4d87f2a7400e},
+    {0xb2c71d5bca9023f8, 0x743e20e9ef511012},
+    {0xdf78e4b2bd342cf6, 0x914da9246b255416},
+    {0x8bab8eefb6409c1a, 0x1ad089b6c2f7548e},
+    {0xae9672aba3d0c320, 0xa184ac2473b529b1},
+    {0xda3c0f568cc4f3e8, 0xc9e5d72d90a2741e},
+    {0x8865899617fb1871, 0x7e2fa67c7a658892},
+    {0xaa7eebfb9df9de8d, 0xddbb901b98feeab7},
+    {0xd51ea6fa85785631, 0x552a74227f3ea565},
+    {0x8533285c936b35de, 0xd53a88958f87275f},
+    {0xa67ff273b8460356, 0x8a892abaf368f137},
+    {0xd01fef10a657842c, 0x2d2b7569b0432d85},
+    {0x8213f56a67f6b29b, 0x9c3b29620e29fc73},
+    {0xa298f2c501f45f42, 0x8349f3ba91b47b8f},
+    {0xcb3f2f7642717713, 0x241c70a936219a73},
+    {0xfe0efb53d30dd4d7, 0xed238cd383aa0110},
+    {0x9ec95d1463e8a506, 0xf4363804324a40aa},
+    {0xc67bb4597ce2ce48, 0xb143c6053edcd0d5},
+    {0xf81aa16fdc1b81da, 0xdd94b7868e94050a},
+    {0x9b10a4e5e9913128, 0xca7cf2b4191c8326},
+    {0xc1d4ce1f63f57d72, 0xfd1c2f611f63a3f0},
+    {0xf24a01a73cf2dccf, 0xbc633b39673c8cec},
+    {0x976e41088617ca01, 0xd5be0503e085d813},
+    {0xbd49d14aa79dbc82, 0x4b2d8644d8a74e18},
+    {0xec9c459d51852ba2, 0xddf8e7d60ed1219e},
+    {0x93e1ab8252f33b45, 0xcabb90e5c942b503},
+    {0xb8da1662e7b00a17, 0x3d6a751f3b936243},
+    {0xe7109bfba19c0c9d, 0x0cc512670a783ad4},
+    {0x906a617d450187e2, 0x27fb2b80668b24c5},
+    {0xb484f9dc9641e9da, 0xb1f9f660802dedf6},
+    {0xe1a63853bbd26451, 0x5e7873f8a0396973},
+    {0x8d07e33455637eb2, 0xdb0b487b6423e1e8},
+    {0xb049dc016abc5e5f, 0x91ce1a9a3d2cda62},
+    {0xdc5c5301c56b75f7, 0x7641a140cc7810fb},
+    {0x89b9b3e11b6329ba, 0xa9e904c87fcb0a9d},
+    {0xac2820d9623bf429, 0x546345fa9fbdcd44},
+    {0xd732290fbacaf133, 0xa97c177947ad4095},
+    {0x867f59a9d4bed6c0, 0x49ed8eabcccc485d},
+    {0xa81f301449ee8c70, 0x5c68f256bfff5a74},
+    {0xd226fc195c6a2f8c, 0x73832eec6fff3111},
+    {0x83585d8fd9c25db7, 0xc831fd53c5ff7eab},
+    {0xa42e74f3d032f525, 0xba3e7ca8b77f5e55},
+    {0xcd3a1230c43fb26f, 0x28ce1bd2e55f35eb},
+    {0x80444b5e7aa7cf85, 0x7980d163cf5b81b3},
+    {0xa0555e361951c366, 0xd7e105bcc332621f},
+    {0xc86ab5c39fa63440, 0x8dd9472bf3fefaa7},
+    {0xfa856334878fc150, 0xb14f98f6f0feb951},
+    {0x9c935e00d4b9d8d2, 0x6ed1bf9a569f33d3},
+    {0xc3b8358109e84f07, 0x0a862f80ec4700c8},
+    {0xf4a642e14c6262c8, 0xcd27bb612758c0fa},
+    {0x98e7e9cccfbd7dbd, 0x8038d51cb897789c},
+    {0xbf21e44003acdd2c, 0xe0470a63e6bd56c3},
+    {0xeeea5d5004981478, 0x1858ccfce06cac74},
+    {0x95527a5202df0ccb, 0x0f37801e0c43ebc8},
+    {0xbaa718e68396cffd, 0xd30560258f54e6ba},
+    {0xe950df20247c83fd, 0x47c6b82ef32a2069},
+    {0x91d28b7416cdd27e, 0x4cdc331d57fa5441},
+    {0xb6472e511c81471d, 0xe0133fe4adf8e952},
+    {0xe3d8f9e563a198e5, 0x58180fddd97723a6},
+    {0x8e679c2f5e44ff8f, 0x570f09eaa7ea7648},
+    {0xb201833b35d63f73, 0x2cd2cc6551e513da},
+    {0xde81e40a034bcf4f, 0xf8077f7ea65e58d1},
+    {0x8b112e86420f6191, 0xfb04afaf27faf782},
+    {0xadd57a27d29339f6, 0x79c5db9af1f9b563},
+    {0xd94ad8b1c7380874, 0x18375281ae7822bc},
+    {0x87cec76f1c830548, 0x8f2293910d0b15b5},
+    {0xa9c2794ae3a3c69a, 0xb2eb3875504ddb22},
+    {0xd433179d9c8cb841, 0x5fa60692a46151eb},
+    {0x849feec281d7f328, 0xdbc7c41ba6bcd333},
+    {0xa5c7ea73224deff3, 0x12b9b522906c0800},
+    {0xcf39e50feae16bef, 0xd768226b34870a00},
+    {0x81842f29f2cce375, 0xe6a1158300d46640},
+    {0xa1e53af46f801c53, 0x60495ae3c1097fd0},
+    {0xca5e89b18b602368, 0x385bb19cb14bdfc4},
+    {0xfcf62c1dee382c42, 0x46729e03dd9ed7b5},
+    {0x9e19db92b4e31ba9, 0x6c07a2c26a8346d1},
+    {0xc5a05277621be293, 0xc7098b7305241885},
+    {0xf70867153aa2db38, 0xb8cbee4fc66d1ea7}
+#else
+    {0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f, 0x25e8e89c13bb0f7b},
+    {0xce5d73ff402d98e3, 0xfb0a3d212dc81290},
+    {0xa6b34ad8c9dfc06f, 0xf42faa48c0ea481f},
+    {0x86a8d39ef77164bc, 0xae5dff9c02033198},
+    {0xd98ddaee19068c76, 0x3badd624dd9b0958},
+    {0xafbd2350644eeacf, 0xe5d1929ef90898fb},
+    {0x8df5efabc5979c8f, 0xca8d3ffa1ef463c2},
+    {0xe55990879ddcaabd, 0xcc420a6a101d0516},
+    {0xb94470938fa89bce, 0xf808e40e8d5b3e6a},
+    {0x95a8637627989aad, 0xdde7001379a44aa9},
+    {0xf1c90080baf72cb1, 0x5324c68b12dd6339},
+    {0xc350000000000000, 0x0000000000000000},
+    {0x9dc5ada82b70b59d, 0xf020000000000000},
+    {0xfee50b7025c36a08, 0x02f236d04753d5b4},
+    {0xcde6fd5e09abcf26, 0xed4c0226b55e6f86},
+    {0xa6539930bf6bff45, 0x84db8346b786151c},
+    {0x865b86925b9bc5c2, 0x0b8a2392ba45a9b2},
+    {0xd910f7ff28069da4, 0x1b2ba1518094da04},
+    {0xaf58416654a6babb, 0x387ac8d1970027b2},
+    {0x8da471a9de737e24, 0x5ceaecfed289e5d2},
+    {0xe4d5e82392a40515, 0x0fabaf3feaa5334a},
+    {0xb8da1662e7b00a17, 0x3d6a751f3b936243},
+    {0x95527a5202df0ccb, 0x0f37801e0c43ebc8}
+#endif
+};
+
+#if !FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX
+template <typename T>
+const uint64_t basic_data<T>::powers_of_5_64[] = {
+    0x0000000000000001, 0x0000000000000005, 0x0000000000000019,
+    0x000000000000007d, 0x0000000000000271, 0x0000000000000c35,
+    0x0000000000003d09, 0x000000000001312d, 0x000000000005f5e1,
+    0x00000000001dcd65, 0x00000000009502f9, 0x0000000002e90edd,
+    0x000000000e8d4a51, 0x0000000048c27395, 0x000000016bcc41e9,
+    0x000000071afd498d, 0x0000002386f26fc1, 0x000000b1a2bc2ec5,
+    0x000003782dace9d9, 0x00001158e460913d, 0x000056bc75e2d631,
+    0x0001b1ae4d6e2ef5, 0x000878678326eac9, 0x002a5a058fc295ed,
+    0x00d3c21bcecceda1, 0x0422ca8b0a00a425, 0x14adf4b7320334b9};
+
+template <typename T>
+const uint32_t basic_data<T>::dragonbox_pow10_recovery_errors[] = {
+    0x50001400, 0x54044100, 0x54014555, 0x55954415, 0x54115555, 0x00000001,
+    0x50000000, 0x00104000, 0x54010004, 0x05004001, 0x55555544, 0x41545555,
+    0x54040551, 0x15445545, 0x51555514, 0x10000015, 0x00101100, 0x01100015,
+    0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x04450514, 0x45414110,
+    0x55555145, 0x50544050, 0x15040155, 0x11054140, 0x50111514, 0x11451454,
+    0x00400541, 0x00000000, 0x55555450, 0x10056551, 0x10054011, 0x55551014,
+    0x69514555, 0x05151109, 0x00155555};
+#endif
+
+template <typename T>
+const char basic_data<T>::foreground_color[] = "\x1b[38;2;";
+template <typename T>
+const char basic_data<T>::background_color[] = "\x1b[48;2;";
+template <typename T> const char basic_data<T>::reset_color[] = "\x1b[0m";
+template <typename T> const wchar_t basic_data<T>::wreset_color[] = L"\x1b[0m";
+template <typename T> const char basic_data<T>::signs[] = {0, '-', '+', ' '};
+template <typename T>
+const char basic_data<T>::left_padding_shifts[] = {31, 31, 0, 1, 0};
+template <typename T>
+const char basic_data<T>::right_padding_shifts[] = {0, 31, 0, 1, 0};
+
+template <typename T> struct bits {
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const int value =
+      static_cast<int>(sizeof(T) * std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::digits);
+};
+
+class fp;
+template <int SHIFT = 0> fp normalize(fp value);
+
+// Lower (upper) boundary is a value half way between a floating-point value
+// and its predecessor (successor). Boundaries have the same exponent as the
+// value so only significands are stored.
+struct boundaries {
+  uint64_t lower;
+  uint64_t upper;
+};
+
+// A handmade floating-point number f * pow(2, e).
+class fp {
+ private:
+  using significand_type = uint64_t;
+
+  template <typename Float>
+  using is_supported_float = bool_constant<sizeof(Float) == sizeof(uint64_t) ||
+                                           sizeof(Float) == sizeof(uint32_t)>;
+
+ public:
+  significand_type f;
+  int e;
+
+  // All sizes are in bits.
+  // Subtract 1 to account for an implicit most significant bit in the
+  // normalized form.
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const int double_significand_size =
+      std::numeric_limits<double>::digits - 1;
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const uint64_t implicit_bit =
+      1ULL << double_significand_size;
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const int significand_size =
+      bits<significand_type>::value;
+
+  fp() : f(0), e(0) {}
+  fp(uint64_t f_val, int e_val) : f(f_val), e(e_val) {}
+
+  // Constructs fp from an IEEE754 double. It is a template to prevent compile
+  // errors on platforms where double is not IEEE754.
+  template <typename Double> explicit fp(Double d) { assign(d); }
+
+  // Assigns d to this and return true iff predecessor is closer than successor.
+  template <typename Float, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_supported_float<Float>::value)>
+  bool assign(Float d) {
+    // Assume float is in the format [sign][exponent][significand].
+    using limits = std::numeric_limits<Float>;
+    const int float_significand_size = limits::digits - 1;
+    const int exponent_size =
+        bits<Float>::value - float_significand_size - 1;  // -1 for sign
+    const uint64_t float_implicit_bit = 1ULL << float_significand_size;
+    const uint64_t significand_mask = float_implicit_bit - 1;
+    const uint64_t exponent_mask = (~0ULL >> 1) & ~significand_mask;
+    const int exponent_bias = (1 << exponent_size) - limits::max_exponent - 1;
+    constexpr bool is_double = sizeof(Float) == sizeof(uint64_t);
+    auto u = bit_cast<conditional_t<is_double, uint64_t, uint32_t>>(d);
+    f = u & significand_mask;
+    int biased_e =
+        static_cast<int>((u & exponent_mask) >> float_significand_size);
+    // Predecessor is closer if d is a normalized power of 2 (f == 0) other than
+    // the smallest normalized number (biased_e > 1).
+    bool is_predecessor_closer = f == 0 && biased_e > 1;
+    if (biased_e != 0)
+      f += float_implicit_bit;
+    else
+      biased_e = 1;  // Subnormals use biased exponent 1 (min exponent).
+    e = biased_e - exponent_bias - float_significand_size;
+    return is_predecessor_closer;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Float, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_supported_float<Float>::value)>
+  bool assign(Float) {
+    *this = fp();
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+// Normalizes the value converted from double and multiplied by (1 << SHIFT).
+template <int SHIFT> fp normalize(fp value) {
+  // Handle subnormals.
+  const auto shifted_implicit_bit = fp::implicit_bit << SHIFT;
+  while ((value.f & shifted_implicit_bit) == 0) {
+    value.f <<= 1;
+    --value.e;
+  }
+  // Subtract 1 to account for hidden bit.
+  const auto offset =
+      fp::significand_size - fp::double_significand_size - SHIFT - 1;
+  value.f <<= offset;
+  value.e -= offset;
+  return value;
+}
+
+inline bool operator==(fp x, fp y) { return x.f == y.f && x.e == y.e; }
+
+// Computes lhs * rhs / pow(2, 64) rounded to nearest with half-up tie breaking.
+inline uint64_t multiply(uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) {
+#if FMT_USE_INT128
+  auto product = static_cast<__uint128_t>(lhs) * rhs;
+  auto f = static_cast<uint64_t>(product >> 64);
+  return (static_cast<uint64_t>(product) & (1ULL << 63)) != 0 ? f + 1 : f;
+#else
+  // Multiply 32-bit parts of significands.
+  uint64_t mask = (1ULL << 32) - 1;
+  uint64_t a = lhs >> 32, b = lhs & mask;
+  uint64_t c = rhs >> 32, d = rhs & mask;
+  uint64_t ac = a * c, bc = b * c, ad = a * d, bd = b * d;
+  // Compute mid 64-bit of result and round.
+  uint64_t mid = (bd >> 32) + (ad & mask) + (bc & mask) + (1U << 31);
+  return ac + (ad >> 32) + (bc >> 32) + (mid >> 32);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline fp operator*(fp x, fp y) { return {multiply(x.f, y.f), x.e + y.e + 64}; }
+
+// Returns a cached power of 10 `c_k = c_k.f * pow(2, c_k.e)` such that its
+// (binary) exponent satisfies `min_exponent <= c_k.e <= min_exponent + 28`.
+inline fp get_cached_power(int min_exponent, int& pow10_exponent) {
+  const int shift = 32;
+  const auto significand = static_cast<int64_t>(data::log10_2_significand);
+  int index = static_cast<int>(
+      ((min_exponent + fp::significand_size - 1) * (significand >> shift) +
+       ((int64_t(1) << shift) - 1))  // ceil
+      >> 32                          // arithmetic shift
+  );
+  // Decimal exponent of the first (smallest) cached power of 10.
+  const int first_dec_exp = -348;
+  // Difference between 2 consecutive decimal exponents in cached powers of 10.
+  const int dec_exp_step = 8;
+  index = (index - first_dec_exp - 1) / dec_exp_step + 1;
+  pow10_exponent = first_dec_exp + index * dec_exp_step;
+  return {data::grisu_pow10_significands[index],
+          data::grisu_pow10_exponents[index]};
+}
+
+// A simple accumulator to hold the sums of terms in bigint::square if uint128_t
+// is not available.
+struct accumulator {
+  uint64_t lower;
+  uint64_t upper;
+
+  accumulator() : lower(0), upper(0) {}
+  explicit operator uint32_t() const { return static_cast<uint32_t>(lower); }
+
+  void operator+=(uint64_t n) {
+    lower += n;
+    if (lower < n) ++upper;
+  }
+  void operator>>=(int shift) {
+    assert(shift == 32);
+    (void)shift;
+    lower = (upper << 32) | (lower >> 32);
+    upper >>= 32;
+  }
+};
+
+class bigint {
+ private:
+  // A bigint is stored as an array of bigits (big digits), with bigit at index
+  // 0 being the least significant one.
+  using bigit = uint32_t;
+  using double_bigit = uint64_t;
+  enum { bigits_capacity = 32 };
+  basic_memory_buffer<bigit, bigits_capacity> bigits_;
+  int exp_;
+
+  bigit operator[](int index) const { return bigits_[to_unsigned(index)]; }
+  bigit& operator[](int index) { return bigits_[to_unsigned(index)]; }
+
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const int bigit_bits = bits<bigit>::value;
+
+  friend struct formatter<bigint>;
+
+  void subtract_bigits(int index, bigit other, bigit& borrow) {
+    auto result = static_cast<double_bigit>((*this)[index]) - other - borrow;
+    (*this)[index] = static_cast<bigit>(result);
+    borrow = static_cast<bigit>(result >> (bigit_bits * 2 - 1));
+  }
+
+  void remove_leading_zeros() {
+    int num_bigits = static_cast<int>(bigits_.size()) - 1;
+    while (num_bigits > 0 && (*this)[num_bigits] == 0) --num_bigits;
+    bigits_.resize(to_unsigned(num_bigits + 1));
+  }
+
+  // Computes *this -= other assuming aligned bigints and *this >= other.
+  void subtract_aligned(const bigint& other) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(other.exp_ >= exp_, "unaligned bigints");
+    FMT_ASSERT(compare(*this, other) >= 0, "");
+    bigit borrow = 0;
+    int i = other.exp_ - exp_;
+    for (size_t j = 0, n = other.bigits_.size(); j != n; ++i, ++j)
+      subtract_bigits(i, other.bigits_[j], borrow);
+    while (borrow > 0) subtract_bigits(i, 0, borrow);
+    remove_leading_zeros();
+  }
+
+  void multiply(uint32_t value) {
+    const double_bigit wide_value = value;
+    bigit carry = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0, n = bigits_.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+      double_bigit result = bigits_[i] * wide_value + carry;
+      bigits_[i] = static_cast<bigit>(result);
+      carry = static_cast<bigit>(result >> bigit_bits);
+    }
+    if (carry != 0) bigits_.push_back(carry);
+  }
+
+  void multiply(uint64_t value) {
+    const bigit mask = ~bigit(0);
+    const double_bigit lower = value & mask;
+    const double_bigit upper = value >> bigit_bits;
+    double_bigit carry = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0, n = bigits_.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+      double_bigit result = bigits_[i] * lower + (carry & mask);
+      carry =
+          bigits_[i] * upper + (result >> bigit_bits) + (carry >> bigit_bits);
+      bigits_[i] = static_cast<bigit>(result);
+    }
+    while (carry != 0) {
+      bigits_.push_back(carry & mask);
+      carry >>= bigit_bits;
+    }
+  }
+
+ public:
+  bigint() : exp_(0) {}
+  explicit bigint(uint64_t n) { assign(n); }
+  ~bigint() { assert(bigits_.capacity() <= bigits_capacity); }
+
+  bigint(const bigint&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const bigint&) = delete;
+
+  void assign(const bigint& other) {
+    auto size = other.bigits_.size();
+    bigits_.resize(size);
+    auto data = other.bigits_.data();
+    std::copy(data, data + size, make_checked(bigits_.data(), size));
+    exp_ = other.exp_;
+  }
+
+  void assign(uint64_t n) {
+    size_t num_bigits = 0;
+    do {
+      bigits_[num_bigits++] = n & ~bigit(0);
+      n >>= bigit_bits;
+    } while (n != 0);
+    bigits_.resize(num_bigits);
+    exp_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  int num_bigits() const { return static_cast<int>(bigits_.size()) + exp_; }
+
+  FMT_NOINLINE bigint& operator<<=(int shift) {
+    assert(shift >= 0);
+    exp_ += shift / bigit_bits;
+    shift %= bigit_bits;
+    if (shift == 0) return *this;
+    bigit carry = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0, n = bigits_.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+      bigit c = bigits_[i] >> (bigit_bits - shift);
+      bigits_[i] = (bigits_[i] << shift) + carry;
+      carry = c;
+    }
+    if (carry != 0) bigits_.push_back(carry);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Int> bigint& operator*=(Int value) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(value > 0, "");
+    multiply(uint32_or_64_or_128_t<Int>(value));
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  friend int compare(const bigint& lhs, const bigint& rhs) {
+    int num_lhs_bigits = lhs.num_bigits(), num_rhs_bigits = rhs.num_bigits();
+    if (num_lhs_bigits != num_rhs_bigits)
+      return num_lhs_bigits > num_rhs_bigits ? 1 : -1;
+    int i = static_cast<int>(lhs.bigits_.size()) - 1;
+    int j = static_cast<int>(rhs.bigits_.size()) - 1;
+    int end = i - j;
+    if (end < 0) end = 0;
+    for (; i >= end; --i, --j) {
+      bigit lhs_bigit = lhs[i], rhs_bigit = rhs[j];
+      if (lhs_bigit != rhs_bigit) return lhs_bigit > rhs_bigit ? 1 : -1;
+    }
+    if (i != j) return i > j ? 1 : -1;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns compare(lhs1 + lhs2, rhs).
+  friend int add_compare(const bigint& lhs1, const bigint& lhs2,
+                         const bigint& rhs) {
+    int max_lhs_bigits = (std::max)(lhs1.num_bigits(), lhs2.num_bigits());
+    int num_rhs_bigits = rhs.num_bigits();
+    if (max_lhs_bigits + 1 < num_rhs_bigits) return -1;
+    if (max_lhs_bigits > num_rhs_bigits) return 1;
+    auto get_bigit = [](const bigint& n, int i) -> bigit {
+      return i >= n.exp_ && i < n.num_bigits() ? n[i - n.exp_] : 0;
+    };
+    double_bigit borrow = 0;
+    int min_exp = (std::min)((std::min)(lhs1.exp_, lhs2.exp_), rhs.exp_);
+    for (int i = num_rhs_bigits - 1; i >= min_exp; --i) {
+      double_bigit sum =
+          static_cast<double_bigit>(get_bigit(lhs1, i)) + get_bigit(lhs2, i);
+      bigit rhs_bigit = get_bigit(rhs, i);
+      if (sum > rhs_bigit + borrow) return 1;
+      borrow = rhs_bigit + borrow - sum;
+      if (borrow > 1) return -1;
+      borrow <<= bigit_bits;
+    }
+    return borrow != 0 ? -1 : 0;
+  }
+
+  // Assigns pow(10, exp) to this bigint.
+  void assign_pow10(int exp) {
+    assert(exp >= 0);
+    if (exp == 0) return assign(1);
+    // Find the top bit.
+    int bitmask = 1;
+    while (exp >= bitmask) bitmask <<= 1;
+    bitmask >>= 1;
+    // pow(10, exp) = pow(5, exp) * pow(2, exp). First compute pow(5, exp) by
+    // repeated squaring and multiplication.
+    assign(5);
+    bitmask >>= 1;
+    while (bitmask != 0) {
+      square();
+      if ((exp & bitmask) != 0) *this *= 5;
+      bitmask >>= 1;
+    }
+    *this <<= exp;  // Multiply by pow(2, exp) by shifting.
+  }
+
+  void square() {
+    basic_memory_buffer<bigit, bigits_capacity> n(std::move(bigits_));
+    int num_bigits = static_cast<int>(bigits_.size());
+    int num_result_bigits = 2 * num_bigits;
+    bigits_.resize(to_unsigned(num_result_bigits));
+    using accumulator_t = conditional_t<FMT_USE_INT128, uint128_t, accumulator>;
+    auto sum = accumulator_t();
+    for (int bigit_index = 0; bigit_index < num_bigits; ++bigit_index) {
+      // Compute bigit at position bigit_index of the result by adding
+      // cross-product terms n[i] * n[j] such that i + j == bigit_index.
+      for (int i = 0, j = bigit_index; j >= 0; ++i, --j) {
+        // Most terms are multiplied twice which can be optimized in the future.
+        sum += static_cast<double_bigit>(n[i]) * n[j];
+      }
+      (*this)[bigit_index] = static_cast<bigit>(sum);
+      sum >>= bits<bigit>::value;  // Compute the carry.
+    }
+    // Do the same for the top half.
+    for (int bigit_index = num_bigits; bigit_index < num_result_bigits;
+         ++bigit_index) {
+      for (int j = num_bigits - 1, i = bigit_index - j; i < num_bigits;)
+        sum += static_cast<double_bigit>(n[i++]) * n[j--];
+      (*this)[bigit_index] = static_cast<bigit>(sum);
+      sum >>= bits<bigit>::value;
+    }
+    --num_result_bigits;
+    remove_leading_zeros();
+    exp_ *= 2;
+  }
+
+  // If this bigint has a bigger exponent than other, adds trailing zero to make
+  // exponents equal. This simplifies some operations such as subtraction.
+  void align(const bigint& other) {
+    int exp_difference = exp_ - other.exp_;
+    if (exp_difference <= 0) return;
+    int num_bigits = static_cast<int>(bigits_.size());
+    bigits_.resize(to_unsigned(num_bigits + exp_difference));
+    for (int i = num_bigits - 1, j = i + exp_difference; i >= 0; --i, --j)
+      bigits_[j] = bigits_[i];
+    std::uninitialized_fill_n(bigits_.data(), exp_difference, 0);
+    exp_ -= exp_difference;
+  }
+
+  // Divides this bignum by divisor, assigning the remainder to this and
+  // returning the quotient.
+  int divmod_assign(const bigint& divisor) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(this != &divisor, "");
+    if (compare(*this, divisor) < 0) return 0;
+    FMT_ASSERT(divisor.bigits_[divisor.bigits_.size() - 1u] != 0, "");
+    align(divisor);
+    int quotient = 0;
+    do {
+      subtract_aligned(divisor);
+      ++quotient;
+    } while (compare(*this, divisor) >= 0);
+    return quotient;
+  }
+};
+
+enum class round_direction { unknown, up, down };
+
+// Given the divisor (normally a power of 10), the remainder = v % divisor for
+// some number v and the error, returns whether v should be rounded up, down, or
+// whether the rounding direction can't be determined due to error.
+// error should be less than divisor / 2.
+inline round_direction get_round_direction(uint64_t divisor, uint64_t remainder,
+                                           uint64_t error) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(remainder < divisor, "");  // divisor - remainder won't overflow.
+  FMT_ASSERT(error < divisor, "");      // divisor - error won't overflow.
+  FMT_ASSERT(error < divisor - error, "");  // error * 2 won't overflow.
+  // Round down if (remainder + error) * 2 <= divisor.
+  if (remainder <= divisor - remainder && error * 2 <= divisor - remainder * 2)
+    return round_direction::down;
+  // Round up if (remainder - error) * 2 >= divisor.
+  if (remainder >= error &&
+      remainder - error >= divisor - (remainder - error)) {
+    return round_direction::up;
+  }
+  return round_direction::unknown;
+}
+
+namespace digits {
+enum result {
+  more,  // Generate more digits.
+  done,  // Done generating digits.
+  error  // Digit generation cancelled due to an error.
+};
+}
+
+// Generates output using the Grisu digit-gen algorithm.
+// error: the size of the region (lower, upper) outside of which numbers
+// definitely do not round to value (Delta in Grisu3).
+template <typename Handler>
+FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE digits::result grisu_gen_digits(fp value, uint64_t error,
+                                                  int& exp, Handler& handler) {
+  const fp one(1ULL << -value.e, value.e);
+  // The integral part of scaled value (p1 in Grisu) = value / one. It cannot be
+  // zero because it contains a product of two 64-bit numbers with MSB set (due
+  // to normalization) - 1, shifted right by at most 60 bits.
+  auto integral = static_cast<uint32_t>(value.f >> -one.e);
+  FMT_ASSERT(integral != 0, "");
+  FMT_ASSERT(integral == value.f >> -one.e, "");
+  // The fractional part of scaled value (p2 in Grisu) c = value % one.
+  uint64_t fractional = value.f & (one.f - 1);
+  exp = count_digits(integral);  // kappa in Grisu.
+  // Divide by 10 to prevent overflow.
+  auto result = handler.on_start(data::powers_of_10_64[exp - 1] << -one.e,
+                                 value.f / 10, error * 10, exp);
+  if (result != digits::more) return result;
+  // Generate digits for the integral part. This can produce up to 10 digits.
+  do {
+    uint32_t digit = 0;
+    auto divmod_integral = [&](uint32_t divisor) {
+      digit = integral / divisor;
+      integral %= divisor;
+    };
+    // This optimization by Milo Yip reduces the number of integer divisions by
+    // one per iteration.
+    switch (exp) {
+    case 10:
+      divmod_integral(1000000000);
+      break;
+    case 9:
+      divmod_integral(100000000);
+      break;
+    case 8:
+      divmod_integral(10000000);
+      break;
+    case 7:
+      divmod_integral(1000000);
+      break;
+    case 6:
+      divmod_integral(100000);
+      break;
+    case 5:
+      divmod_integral(10000);
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      divmod_integral(1000);
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      divmod_integral(100);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      divmod_integral(10);
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      digit = integral;
+      integral = 0;
+      break;
+    default:
+      FMT_ASSERT(false, "invalid number of digits");
+    }
+    --exp;
+    auto remainder = (static_cast<uint64_t>(integral) << -one.e) + fractional;
+    result = handler.on_digit(static_cast<char>('0' + digit),
+                              data::powers_of_10_64[exp] << -one.e, remainder,
+                              error, exp, true);
+    if (result != digits::more) return result;
+  } while (exp > 0);
+  // Generate digits for the fractional part.
+  for (;;) {
+    fractional *= 10;
+    error *= 10;
+    char digit = static_cast<char>('0' + (fractional >> -one.e));
+    fractional &= one.f - 1;
+    --exp;
+    result = handler.on_digit(digit, one.f, fractional, error, exp, false);
+    if (result != digits::more) return result;
+  }
+}
+
+// The fixed precision digit handler.
+struct fixed_handler {
+  char* buf;
+  int size;
+  int precision;
+  int exp10;
+  bool fixed;
+
+  digits::result on_start(uint64_t divisor, uint64_t remainder, uint64_t error,
+                          int& exp) {
+    // Non-fixed formats require at least one digit and no precision adjustment.
+    if (!fixed) return digits::more;
+    // Adjust fixed precision by exponent because it is relative to decimal
+    // point.
+    precision += exp + exp10;
+    // Check if precision is satisfied just by leading zeros, e.g.
+    // format("{:.2f}", 0.001) gives "0.00" without generating any digits.
+    if (precision > 0) return digits::more;
+    if (precision < 0) return digits::done;
+    auto dir = get_round_direction(divisor, remainder, error);
+    if (dir == round_direction::unknown) return digits::error;
+    buf[size++] = dir == round_direction::up ? '1' : '0';
+    return digits::done;
+  }
+
+  digits::result on_digit(char digit, uint64_t divisor, uint64_t remainder,
+                          uint64_t error, int, bool integral) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(remainder < divisor, "");
+    buf[size++] = digit;
+    if (!integral && error >= remainder) return digits::error;
+    if (size < precision) return digits::more;
+    if (!integral) {
+      // Check if error * 2 < divisor with overflow prevention.
+      // The check is not needed for the integral part because error = 1
+      // and divisor > (1 << 32) there.
+      if (error >= divisor || error >= divisor - error) return digits::error;
+    } else {
+      FMT_ASSERT(error == 1 && divisor > 2, "");
+    }
+    auto dir = get_round_direction(divisor, remainder, error);
+    if (dir != round_direction::up)
+      return dir == round_direction::down ? digits::done : digits::error;
+    ++buf[size - 1];
+    for (int i = size - 1; i > 0 && buf[i] > '9'; --i) {
+      buf[i] = '0';
+      ++buf[i - 1];
+    }
+    if (buf[0] > '9') {
+      buf[0] = '1';
+      if (fixed)
+        buf[size++] = '0';
+      else
+        ++exp10;
+    }
+    return digits::done;
+  }
+};
+
+// Implementation of Dragonbox algorithm: https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox.
+namespace dragonbox {
+// Computes 128-bit result of multiplication of two 64-bit unsigned integers.
+FMT_SAFEBUFFERS inline uint128_wrapper umul128(uint64_t x,
+                                               uint64_t y) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+#if FMT_USE_INT128
+  return static_cast<uint128_t>(x) * static_cast<uint128_t>(y);
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X64)
+  uint128_wrapper result;
+  result.low_ = _umul128(x, y, &result.high_);
+  return result;
+#else
+  const uint64_t mask = (uint64_t(1) << 32) - uint64_t(1);
+
+  uint64_t a = x >> 32;
+  uint64_t b = x & mask;
+  uint64_t c = y >> 32;
+  uint64_t d = y & mask;
+
+  uint64_t ac = a * c;
+  uint64_t bc = b * c;
+  uint64_t ad = a * d;
+  uint64_t bd = b * d;
+
+  uint64_t intermediate = (bd >> 32) + (ad & mask) + (bc & mask);
+
+  return {ac + (intermediate >> 32) + (ad >> 32) + (bc >> 32),
+          (intermediate << 32) + (bd & mask)};
+#endif
+}
+
+// Computes upper 64 bits of multiplication of two 64-bit unsigned integers.
+FMT_SAFEBUFFERS inline uint64_t umul128_upper64(uint64_t x,
+                                                uint64_t y) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+#if FMT_USE_INT128
+  auto p = static_cast<uint128_t>(x) * static_cast<uint128_t>(y);
+  return static_cast<uint64_t>(p >> 64);
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X64)
+  return __umulh(x, y);
+#else
+  return umul128(x, y).high();
+#endif
+}
+
+// Computes upper 64 bits of multiplication of a 64-bit unsigned integer and a
+// 128-bit unsigned integer.
+FMT_SAFEBUFFERS inline uint64_t umul192_upper64(uint64_t x, uint128_wrapper y)
+    FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  uint128_wrapper g0 = umul128(x, y.high());
+  g0 += umul128_upper64(x, y.low());
+  return g0.high();
+}
+
+// Computes upper 32 bits of multiplication of a 32-bit unsigned integer and a
+// 64-bit unsigned integer.
+inline uint32_t umul96_upper32(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return static_cast<uint32_t>(umul128_upper64(x, y));
+}
+
+// Computes middle 64 bits of multiplication of a 64-bit unsigned integer and a
+// 128-bit unsigned integer.
+FMT_SAFEBUFFERS inline uint64_t umul192_middle64(uint64_t x, uint128_wrapper y)
+    FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  uint64_t g01 = x * y.high();
+  uint64_t g10 = umul128_upper64(x, y.low());
+  return g01 + g10;
+}
+
+// Computes lower 64 bits of multiplication of a 32-bit unsigned integer and a
+// 64-bit unsigned integer.
+inline uint64_t umul96_lower64(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return x * y;
+}
+
+// Computes floor(log10(pow(2, e))) for e in [-1700, 1700] using the method from
+// https://fmt.dev/papers/Grisu-Exact.pdf#page=5, section 3.4.
+inline int floor_log10_pow2(int e) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(e <= 1700 && e >= -1700, "too large exponent");
+  const int shift = 22;
+  return (e * static_cast<int>(data::log10_2_significand >> (64 - shift))) >>
+         shift;
+}
+
+// Various fast log computations.
+inline int floor_log2_pow10(int e) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(e <= 1233 && e >= -1233, "too large exponent");
+  const uint64_t log2_10_integer_part = 3;
+  const uint64_t log2_10_fractional_digits = 0x5269e12f346e2bf9;
+  const int shift_amount = 19;
+  return (e * static_cast<int>(
+                  (log2_10_integer_part << shift_amount) |
+                  (log2_10_fractional_digits >> (64 - shift_amount)))) >>
+         shift_amount;
+}
+inline int floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(int e) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(e <= 1700 && e >= -1700, "too large exponent");
+  const uint64_t log10_4_over_3_fractional_digits = 0x1ffbfc2bbc780375;
+  const int shift_amount = 22;
+  return (e * static_cast<int>(data::log10_2_significand >>
+                               (64 - shift_amount)) -
+          static_cast<int>(log10_4_over_3_fractional_digits >>
+                           (64 - shift_amount))) >>
+         shift_amount;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff x is divisible by pow(2, exp).
+inline bool divisible_by_power_of_2(uint32_t x, int exp) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(exp >= 1, "");
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ
+  return FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ(x) >= exp;
+#else
+  return exp < num_bits<uint32_t>() && x == ((x >> exp) << exp);
+#endif
+}
+inline bool divisible_by_power_of_2(uint64_t x, int exp) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(exp >= 1, "");
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL
+  return FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL(x) >= exp;
+#else
+  return exp < num_bits<uint64_t>() && x == ((x >> exp) << exp);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Returns true iff x is divisible by pow(5, exp).
+inline bool divisible_by_power_of_5(uint32_t x, int exp) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(exp <= 10, "too large exponent");
+  return x * data::divtest_table_for_pow5_32[exp].mod_inv <=
+         data::divtest_table_for_pow5_32[exp].max_quotient;
+}
+inline bool divisible_by_power_of_5(uint64_t x, int exp) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(exp <= 23, "too large exponent");
+  return x * data::divtest_table_for_pow5_64[exp].mod_inv <=
+         data::divtest_table_for_pow5_64[exp].max_quotient;
+}
+
+// Replaces n by floor(n / pow(5, N)) returning true if and only if n is
+// divisible by pow(5, N).
+// Precondition: n <= 2 * pow(5, N + 1).
+template <int N>
+bool check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow5(uint32_t& n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  static constexpr struct {
+    uint32_t magic_number;
+    int bits_for_comparison;
+    uint32_t threshold;
+    int shift_amount;
+  } infos[] = {{0xcccd, 16, 0x3333, 18}, {0xa429, 8, 0x0a, 20}};
+  constexpr auto info = infos[N - 1];
+  n *= info.magic_number;
+  const uint32_t comparison_mask = (1u << info.bits_for_comparison) - 1;
+  bool result = (n & comparison_mask) <= info.threshold;
+  n >>= info.shift_amount;
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Computes floor(n / pow(10, N)) for small n and N.
+// Precondition: n <= pow(10, N + 1).
+template <int N> uint32_t small_division_by_pow10(uint32_t n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  static constexpr struct {
+    uint32_t magic_number;
+    int shift_amount;
+    uint32_t divisor_times_10;
+  } infos[] = {{0xcccd, 19, 100}, {0xa3d8, 22, 1000}};
+  constexpr auto info = infos[N - 1];
+  FMT_ASSERT(n <= info.divisor_times_10, "n is too large");
+  return n * info.magic_number >> info.shift_amount;
+}
+
+// Computes floor(n / 10^(kappa + 1)) (float)
+inline uint32_t divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint32_t n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return n / float_info<float>::big_divisor;
+}
+// Computes floor(n / 10^(kappa + 1)) (double)
+inline uint64_t divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint64_t n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return umul128_upper64(n, 0x83126e978d4fdf3c) >> 9;
+}
+
+// Various subroutines using pow10 cache
+template <class T> struct cache_accessor;
+
+template <> struct cache_accessor<float> {
+  using carrier_uint = float_info<float>::carrier_uint;
+  using cache_entry_type = uint64_t;
+
+  static uint64_t get_cached_power(int k) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(k >= float_info<float>::min_k && k <= float_info<float>::max_k,
+               "k is out of range");
+    return data::dragonbox_pow10_significands_64[k - float_info<float>::min_k];
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_mul(carrier_uint u,
+                                  const cache_entry_type& cache) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return umul96_upper32(u, cache);
+  }
+
+  static uint32_t compute_delta(const cache_entry_type& cache,
+                                int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(cache >> (64 - 1 - beta_minus_1));
+  }
+
+  static bool compute_mul_parity(carrier_uint two_f,
+                                 const cache_entry_type& cache,
+                                 int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(beta_minus_1 >= 1, "");
+    FMT_ASSERT(beta_minus_1 < 64, "");
+
+    return ((umul96_lower64(two_f, cache) >> (64 - beta_minus_1)) & 1) != 0;
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return static_cast<carrier_uint>(
+        (cache - (cache >> (float_info<float>::significand_bits + 2))) >>
+        (64 - float_info<float>::significand_bits - 1 - beta_minus_1));
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return static_cast<carrier_uint>(
+        (cache + (cache >> (float_info<float>::significand_bits + 1))) >>
+        (64 - float_info<float>::significand_bits - 1 - beta_minus_1));
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return (static_cast<carrier_uint>(
+                cache >>
+                (64 - float_info<float>::significand_bits - 2 - beta_minus_1)) +
+            1) /
+           2;
+  }
+};
+
+template <> struct cache_accessor<double> {
+  using carrier_uint = float_info<double>::carrier_uint;
+  using cache_entry_type = uint128_wrapper;
+
+  static uint128_wrapper get_cached_power(int k) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(k >= float_info<double>::min_k && k <= float_info<double>::max_k,
+               "k is out of range");
+
+#if FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX
+    return data::dragonbox_pow10_significands_128[k -
+                                                  float_info<double>::min_k];
+#else
+    static const int compression_ratio = 27;
+
+    // Compute base index.
+    int cache_index = (k - float_info<double>::min_k) / compression_ratio;
+    int kb = cache_index * compression_ratio + float_info<double>::min_k;
+    int offset = k - kb;
+
+    // Get base cache.
+    uint128_wrapper base_cache =
+        data::dragonbox_pow10_significands_128[cache_index];
+    if (offset == 0) return base_cache;
+
+    // Compute the required amount of bit-shift.
+    int alpha = floor_log2_pow10(kb + offset) - floor_log2_pow10(kb) - offset;
+    FMT_ASSERT(alpha > 0 && alpha < 64, "shifting error detected");
+
+    // Try to recover the real cache.
+    uint64_t pow5 = data::powers_of_5_64[offset];
+    uint128_wrapper recovered_cache = umul128(base_cache.high(), pow5);
+    uint128_wrapper middle_low =
+        umul128(base_cache.low() - (kb < 0 ? 1u : 0u), pow5);
+
+    recovered_cache += middle_low.high();
+
+    uint64_t high_to_middle = recovered_cache.high() << (64 - alpha);
+    uint64_t middle_to_low = recovered_cache.low() << (64 - alpha);
+
+    recovered_cache =
+        uint128_wrapper{(recovered_cache.low() >> alpha) | high_to_middle,
+                        ((middle_low.low() >> alpha) | middle_to_low)};
+
+    if (kb < 0) recovered_cache += 1;
+
+    // Get error.
+    int error_idx = (k - float_info<double>::min_k) / 16;
+    uint32_t error = (data::dragonbox_pow10_recovery_errors[error_idx] >>
+                      ((k - float_info<double>::min_k) % 16) * 2) &
+                     0x3;
+
+    // Add the error back.
+    FMT_ASSERT(recovered_cache.low() + error >= recovered_cache.low(), "");
+    return {recovered_cache.high(), recovered_cache.low() + error};
+#endif
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_mul(carrier_uint u,
+                                  const cache_entry_type& cache) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return umul192_upper64(u, cache);
+  }
+
+  static uint32_t compute_delta(cache_entry_type const& cache,
+                                int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(cache.high() >> (64 - 1 - beta_minus_1));
+  }
+
+  static bool compute_mul_parity(carrier_uint two_f,
+                                 const cache_entry_type& cache,
+                                 int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(beta_minus_1 >= 1, "");
+    FMT_ASSERT(beta_minus_1 < 64, "");
+
+    return ((umul192_middle64(two_f, cache) >> (64 - beta_minus_1)) & 1) != 0;
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return (cache.high() -
+            (cache.high() >> (float_info<double>::significand_bits + 2))) >>
+           (64 - float_info<double>::significand_bits - 1 - beta_minus_1);
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return (cache.high() +
+            (cache.high() >> (float_info<double>::significand_bits + 1))) >>
+           (64 - float_info<double>::significand_bits - 1 - beta_minus_1);
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return ((cache.high() >>
+             (64 - float_info<double>::significand_bits - 2 - beta_minus_1)) +
+            1) /
+           2;
+  }
+};
+
+// Various integer checks
+template <class T>
+bool is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(int exponent) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return exponent >=
+             float_info<
+                 T>::case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold &&
+         exponent <=
+             float_info<T>::case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold;
+}
+template <class T>
+bool is_endpoint_integer(typename float_info<T>::carrier_uint two_f,
+                         int exponent, int minus_k) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  if (exponent < float_info<T>::case_fc_pm_half_lower_threshold) return false;
+  // For k >= 0.
+  if (exponent <= float_info<T>::case_fc_pm_half_upper_threshold) return true;
+  // For k < 0.
+  if (exponent > float_info<T>::divisibility_check_by_5_threshold) return false;
+  return divisible_by_power_of_5(two_f, minus_k);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool is_center_integer(typename float_info<T>::carrier_uint two_f, int exponent,
+                       int minus_k) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  // Exponent for 5 is negative.
+  if (exponent > float_info<T>::divisibility_check_by_5_threshold) return false;
+  if (exponent > float_info<T>::case_fc_upper_threshold)
+    return divisible_by_power_of_5(two_f, minus_k);
+  // Both exponents are nonnegative.
+  if (exponent >= float_info<T>::case_fc_lower_threshold) return true;
+  // Exponent for 2 is negative.
+  return divisible_by_power_of_2(two_f, minus_k - exponent + 1);
+}
+
+// Remove trailing zeros from n and return the number of zeros removed (float)
+FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE int remove_trailing_zeros(uint32_t& n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ
+  int t = FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ(n);
+#else
+  int t = ctz(n);
+#endif
+  if (t > float_info<float>::max_trailing_zeros)
+    t = float_info<float>::max_trailing_zeros;
+
+  const uint32_t mod_inv1 = 0xcccccccd;
+  const uint32_t max_quotient1 = 0x33333333;
+  const uint32_t mod_inv2 = 0xc28f5c29;
+  const uint32_t max_quotient2 = 0x0a3d70a3;
+
+  int s = 0;
+  for (; s < t - 1; s += 2) {
+    if (n * mod_inv2 > max_quotient2) break;
+    n *= mod_inv2;
+  }
+  if (s < t && n * mod_inv1 <= max_quotient1) {
+    n *= mod_inv1;
+    ++s;
+  }
+  n >>= s;
+  return s;
+}
+
+// Removes trailing zeros and returns the number of zeros removed (double)
+FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE int remove_trailing_zeros(uint64_t& n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL
+  int t = FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL(n);
+#else
+  int t = ctzll(n);
+#endif
+  if (t > float_info<double>::max_trailing_zeros)
+    t = float_info<double>::max_trailing_zeros;
+  // Divide by 10^8 and reduce to 32-bits
+  // Since ret_value.significand <= (2^64 - 1) / 1000 < 10^17,
+  // both of the quotient and the r should fit in 32-bits
+
+  const uint32_t mod_inv1 = 0xcccccccd;
+  const uint32_t max_quotient1 = 0x33333333;
+  const uint64_t mod_inv8 = 0xc767074b22e90e21;
+  const uint64_t max_quotient8 = 0x00002af31dc46118;
+
+  // If the number is divisible by 1'0000'0000, work with the quotient
+  if (t >= 8) {
+    auto quotient_candidate = n * mod_inv8;
+
+    if (quotient_candidate <= max_quotient8) {
+      auto quotient = static_cast<uint32_t>(quotient_candidate >> 8);
+
+      int s = 8;
+      for (; s < t; ++s) {
+        if (quotient * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) break;
+        quotient *= mod_inv1;
+      }
+      quotient >>= (s - 8);
+      n = quotient;
+      return s;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, work with the remainder
+  auto quotient = static_cast<uint32_t>(n / 100000000);
+  auto remainder = static_cast<uint32_t>(n - 100000000 * quotient);
+
+  if (t == 0 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 1 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 1) + quotient * 10000000ull;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 2 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 2) + quotient * 1000000ull;
+    return 2;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 3 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 3) + quotient * 100000ull;
+    return 3;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 4 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 4) + quotient * 10000ull;
+    return 4;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 5 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 5) + quotient * 1000ull;
+    return 5;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 6 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 6) + quotient * 100ull;
+    return 6;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  n = (remainder >> 7) + quotient * 10ull;
+  return 7;
+}
+
+// The main algorithm for shorter interval case
+template <class T>
+FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE FMT_SAFEBUFFERS decimal_fp<T> shorter_interval_case(
+    int exponent) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  decimal_fp<T> ret_value;
+  // Compute k and beta
+  const int minus_k = floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(exponent);
+  const int beta_minus_1 = exponent + floor_log2_pow10(-minus_k);
+
+  // Compute xi and zi
+  using cache_entry_type = typename cache_accessor<T>::cache_entry_type;
+  const cache_entry_type cache = cache_accessor<T>::get_cached_power(-minus_k);
+
+  auto xi = cache_accessor<T>::compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      cache, beta_minus_1);
+  auto zi = cache_accessor<T>::compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      cache, beta_minus_1);
+
+  // If the left endpoint is not an integer, increase it
+  if (!is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval<T>(exponent)) ++xi;
+
+  // Try bigger divisor
+  ret_value.significand = zi / 10;
+
+  // If succeed, remove trailing zeros if necessary and return
+  if (ret_value.significand * 10 >= xi) {
+    ret_value.exponent = minus_k + 1;
+    ret_value.exponent += remove_trailing_zeros(ret_value.significand);
+    return ret_value;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, compute the round-up of y
+  ret_value.significand =
+      cache_accessor<T>::compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
+          cache, beta_minus_1);
+  ret_value.exponent = minus_k;
+
+  // When tie occurs, choose one of them according to the rule
+  if (exponent >= float_info<T>::shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold &&
+      exponent <= float_info<T>::shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold) {
+    ret_value.significand = ret_value.significand % 2 == 0
+                                ? ret_value.significand
+                                : ret_value.significand - 1;
+  } else if (ret_value.significand < xi) {
+    ++ret_value.significand;
+  }
+  return ret_value;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+FMT_SAFEBUFFERS decimal_fp<T> to_decimal(T x) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  // Step 1: integer promotion & Schubfach multiplier calculation.
+
+  using carrier_uint = typename float_info<T>::carrier_uint;
+  using cache_entry_type = typename cache_accessor<T>::cache_entry_type;
+  auto br = bit_cast<carrier_uint>(x);
+
+  // Extract significand bits and exponent bits.
+  const carrier_uint significand_mask =
+      (static_cast<carrier_uint>(1) << float_info<T>::significand_bits) - 1;
+  carrier_uint significand = (br & significand_mask);
+  int exponent = static_cast<int>((br & exponent_mask<T>()) >>
+                                  float_info<T>::significand_bits);
+
+  if (exponent != 0) {  // Check if normal.
+    exponent += float_info<T>::exponent_bias - float_info<T>::significand_bits;
+
+    // Shorter interval case; proceed like Schubfach.
+    if (significand == 0) return shorter_interval_case<T>(exponent);
+
+    significand |=
+        (static_cast<carrier_uint>(1) << float_info<T>::significand_bits);
+  } else {
+    // Subnormal case; the interval is always regular.
+    if (significand == 0) return {0, 0};
+    exponent = float_info<T>::min_exponent - float_info<T>::significand_bits;
+  }
+
+  const bool include_left_endpoint = (significand % 2 == 0);
+  const bool include_right_endpoint = include_left_endpoint;
+
+  // Compute k and beta.
+  const int minus_k = floor_log10_pow2(exponent) - float_info<T>::kappa;
+  const cache_entry_type cache = cache_accessor<T>::get_cached_power(-minus_k);
+  const int beta_minus_1 = exponent + floor_log2_pow10(-minus_k);
+
+  // Compute zi and deltai
+  // 10^kappa <= deltai < 10^(kappa + 1)
+  const uint32_t deltai = cache_accessor<T>::compute_delta(cache, beta_minus_1);
+  const carrier_uint two_fc = significand << 1;
+  const carrier_uint two_fr = two_fc | 1;
+  const carrier_uint zi =
+      cache_accessor<T>::compute_mul(two_fr << beta_minus_1, cache);
+
+  // Step 2: Try larger divisor; remove trailing zeros if necessary
+
+  // Using an upper bound on zi, we might be able to optimize the division
+  // better than the compiler; we are computing zi / big_divisor here
+  decimal_fp<T> ret_value;
+  ret_value.significand = divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(zi);
+  uint32_t r = static_cast<uint32_t>(zi - float_info<T>::big_divisor *
+                                              ret_value.significand);
+
+  if (r > deltai) {
+    goto small_divisor_case_label;
+  } else if (r < deltai) {
+    // Exclude the right endpoint if necessary
+    if (r == 0 && !include_right_endpoint &&
+        is_endpoint_integer<T>(two_fr, exponent, minus_k)) {
+      --ret_value.significand;
+      r = float_info<T>::big_divisor;
+      goto small_divisor_case_label;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // r == deltai; compare fractional parts
+    // Check conditions in the order different from the paper
+    // to take advantage of short-circuiting
+    const carrier_uint two_fl = two_fc - 1;
+    if ((!include_left_endpoint ||
+         !is_endpoint_integer<T>(two_fl, exponent, minus_k)) &&
+        !cache_accessor<T>::compute_mul_parity(two_fl, cache, beta_minus_1)) {
+      goto small_divisor_case_label;
+    }
+  }
+  ret_value.exponent = minus_k + float_info<T>::kappa + 1;
+
+  // We may need to remove trailing zeros
+  ret_value.exponent += remove_trailing_zeros(ret_value.significand);
+  return ret_value;
+
+  // Step 3: Find the significand with the smaller divisor
+
+small_divisor_case_label:
+  ret_value.significand *= 10;
+  ret_value.exponent = minus_k + float_info<T>::kappa;
+
+  const uint32_t mask = (1u << float_info<T>::kappa) - 1;
+  auto dist = r - (deltai / 2) + (float_info<T>::small_divisor / 2);
+
+  // Is dist divisible by 2^kappa?
+  if ((dist & mask) == 0) {
+    const bool approx_y_parity =
+        ((dist ^ (float_info<T>::small_divisor / 2)) & 1) != 0;
+    dist >>= float_info<T>::kappa;
+
+    // Is dist divisible by 5^kappa?
+    if (check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow5<float_info<T>::kappa>(dist)) {
+      ret_value.significand += dist;
+
+      // Check z^(f) >= epsilon^(f)
+      // We have either yi == zi - epsiloni or yi == (zi - epsiloni) - 1,
+      // where yi == zi - epsiloni if and only if z^(f) >= epsilon^(f)
+      // Since there are only 2 possibilities, we only need to care about the
+      // parity. Also, zi and r should have the same parity since the divisor
+      // is an even number
+      if (cache_accessor<T>::compute_mul_parity(two_fc, cache, beta_minus_1) !=
+          approx_y_parity) {
+        --ret_value.significand;
+      } else {
+        // If z^(f) >= epsilon^(f), we might have a tie
+        // when z^(f) == epsilon^(f), or equivalently, when y is an integer
+        if (is_center_integer<T>(two_fc, exponent, minus_k)) {
+          ret_value.significand = ret_value.significand % 2 == 0
+                                      ? ret_value.significand
+                                      : ret_value.significand - 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Is dist not divisible by 5^kappa?
+    else {
+      ret_value.significand += dist;
+    }
+  }
+  // Is dist not divisible by 2^kappa?
+  else {
+    // Since we know dist is small, we might be able to optimize the division
+    // better than the compiler; we are computing dist / small_divisor here
+    ret_value.significand +=
+        small_division_by_pow10<float_info<T>::kappa>(dist);
+  }
+  return ret_value;
+}
+}  // namespace dragonbox
+
+// Formats value using a variation of the Fixed-Precision Positive
+// Floating-Point Printout ((FPP)^2) algorithm by Steele & White:
+// https://fmt.dev/p372-steele.pdf.
+template <typename Double>
+void fallback_format(Double d, int num_digits, bool binary32, buffer<char>& buf,
+                     int& exp10) {
+  bigint numerator;    // 2 * R in (FPP)^2.
+  bigint denominator;  // 2 * S in (FPP)^2.
+  // lower and upper are differences between value and corresponding boundaries.
+  bigint lower;             // (M^- in (FPP)^2).
+  bigint upper_store;       // upper's value if different from lower.
+  bigint* upper = nullptr;  // (M^+ in (FPP)^2).
+  fp value;
+  // Shift numerator and denominator by an extra bit or two (if lower boundary
+  // is closer) to make lower and upper integers. This eliminates multiplication
+  // by 2 during later computations.
+  const bool is_predecessor_closer =
+      binary32 ? value.assign(static_cast<float>(d)) : value.assign(d);
+  int shift = is_predecessor_closer ? 2 : 1;
+  uint64_t significand = value.f << shift;
+  if (value.e >= 0) {
+    numerator.assign(significand);
+    numerator <<= value.e;
+    lower.assign(1);
+    lower <<= value.e;
+    if (shift != 1) {
+      upper_store.assign(1);
+      upper_store <<= value.e + 1;
+      upper = &upper_store;
+    }
+    denominator.assign_pow10(exp10);
+    denominator <<= shift;
+  } else if (exp10 < 0) {
+    numerator.assign_pow10(-exp10);
+    lower.assign(numerator);
+    if (shift != 1) {
+      upper_store.assign(numerator);
+      upper_store <<= 1;
+      upper = &upper_store;
+    }
+    numerator *= significand;
+    denominator.assign(1);
+    denominator <<= shift - value.e;
+  } else {
+    numerator.assign(significand);
+    denominator.assign_pow10(exp10);
+    denominator <<= shift - value.e;
+    lower.assign(1);
+    if (shift != 1) {
+      upper_store.assign(1ULL << 1);
+      upper = &upper_store;
+    }
+  }
+  // Invariant: value == (numerator / denominator) * pow(10, exp10).
+  if (num_digits < 0) {
+    // Generate the shortest representation.
+    if (!upper) upper = &lower;
+    bool even = (value.f & 1) == 0;
+    num_digits = 0;
+    char* data = buf.data();
+    for (;;) {
+      int digit = numerator.divmod_assign(denominator);
+      bool low = compare(numerator, lower) - even < 0;  // numerator <[=] lower.
+      // numerator + upper >[=] pow10:
+      bool high = add_compare(numerator, *upper, denominator) + even > 0;
+      data[num_digits++] = static_cast<char>('0' + digit);
+      if (low || high) {
+        if (!low) {
+          ++data[num_digits - 1];
+        } else if (high) {
+          int result = add_compare(numerator, numerator, denominator);
+          // Round half to even.
+          if (result > 0 || (result == 0 && (digit % 2) != 0))
+            ++data[num_digits - 1];
+        }
+        buf.try_resize(to_unsigned(num_digits));
+        exp10 -= num_digits - 1;
+        return;
+      }
+      numerator *= 10;
+      lower *= 10;
+      if (upper != &lower) *upper *= 10;
+    }
+  }
+  // Generate the given number of digits.
+  exp10 -= num_digits - 1;
+  if (num_digits == 0) {
+    buf.try_resize(1);
+    denominator *= 10;
+    buf[0] = add_compare(numerator, numerator, denominator) > 0 ? '1' : '0';
+    return;
+  }
+  buf.try_resize(to_unsigned(num_digits));
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_digits - 1; ++i) {
+    int digit = numerator.divmod_assign(denominator);
+    buf[i] = static_cast<char>('0' + digit);
+    numerator *= 10;
+  }
+  int digit = numerator.divmod_assign(denominator);
+  auto result = add_compare(numerator, numerator, denominator);
+  if (result > 0 || (result == 0 && (digit % 2) != 0)) {
+    if (digit == 9) {
+      const auto overflow = '0' + 10;
+      buf[num_digits - 1] = overflow;
+      // Propagate the carry.
+      for (int i = num_digits - 1; i > 0 && buf[i] == overflow; --i) {
+        buf[i] = '0';
+        ++buf[i - 1];
+      }
+      if (buf[0] == overflow) {
+        buf[0] = '1';
+        ++exp10;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    ++digit;
+  }
+  buf[num_digits - 1] = static_cast<char>('0' + digit);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+int format_float(T value, int precision, float_specs specs, buffer<char>& buf) {
+  static_assert(!std::is_same<T, float>::value, "");
+  FMT_ASSERT(value >= 0, "value is negative");
+
+  const bool fixed = specs.format == float_format::fixed;
+  if (value <= 0) {  // <= instead of == to silence a warning.
+    if (precision <= 0 || !fixed) {
+      buf.push_back('0');
+      return 0;
+    }
+    buf.try_resize(to_unsigned(precision));
+    std::uninitialized_fill_n(buf.data(), precision, '0');
+    return -precision;
+  }
+
+  if (!specs.use_grisu) return snprintf_float(value, precision, specs, buf);
+
+  if (precision < 0) {
+    // Use Dragonbox for the shortest format.
+    if (specs.binary32) {
+      auto dec = dragonbox::to_decimal(static_cast<float>(value));
+      write<char>(buffer_appender<char>(buf), dec.significand);
+      return dec.exponent;
+    }
+    auto dec = dragonbox::to_decimal(static_cast<double>(value));
+    write<char>(buffer_appender<char>(buf), dec.significand);
+    return dec.exponent;
+  }
+
+  // Use Grisu + Dragon4 for the given precision:
+  // https://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/cs257/archive/florian-loitsch/printf.pdf.
+  int exp = 0;
+  const int min_exp = -60;  // alpha in Grisu.
+  int cached_exp10 = 0;     // K in Grisu.
+  fp normalized = normalize(fp(value));
+  const auto cached_pow = get_cached_power(
+      min_exp - (normalized.e + fp::significand_size), cached_exp10);
+  normalized = normalized * cached_pow;
+  // Limit precision to the maximum possible number of significant digits in an
+  // IEEE754 double because we don't need to generate zeros.
+  const int max_double_digits = 767;
+  if (precision > max_double_digits) precision = max_double_digits;
+  fixed_handler handler{buf.data(), 0, precision, -cached_exp10, fixed};
+  if (grisu_gen_digits(normalized, 1, exp, handler) == digits::error) {
+    exp += handler.size - cached_exp10 - 1;
+    fallback_format(value, handler.precision, specs.binary32, buf, exp);
+  } else {
+    exp += handler.exp10;
+    buf.try_resize(to_unsigned(handler.size));
+  }
+  if (!fixed && !specs.showpoint) {
+    // Remove trailing zeros.
+    auto num_digits = buf.size();
+    while (num_digits > 0 && buf[num_digits - 1] == '0') {
+      --num_digits;
+      ++exp;
+    }
+    buf.try_resize(num_digits);
+  }
+  return exp;
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <typename T>
+int snprintf_float(T value, int precision, float_specs specs,
+                   buffer<char>& buf) {
+  // Buffer capacity must be non-zero, otherwise MSVC's vsnprintf_s will fail.
+  FMT_ASSERT(buf.capacity() > buf.size(), "empty buffer");
+  static_assert(!std::is_same<T, float>::value, "");
+
+  // Subtract 1 to account for the difference in precision since we use %e for
+  // both general and exponent format.
+  if (specs.format == float_format::general ||
+      specs.format == float_format::exp)
+    precision = (precision >= 0 ? precision : 6) - 1;
+
+  // Build the format string.
+  enum { max_format_size = 7 };  // The longest format is "%#.*Le".
+  char format[max_format_size];
+  char* format_ptr = format;
+  *format_ptr++ = '%';
+  if (specs.showpoint && specs.format == float_format::hex) *format_ptr++ = '#';
+  if (precision >= 0) {
+    *format_ptr++ = '.';
+    *format_ptr++ = '*';
+  }
+  if (std::is_same<T, long double>()) *format_ptr++ = 'L';
+  *format_ptr++ = specs.format != float_format::hex
+                      ? (specs.format == float_format::fixed ? 'f' : 'e')
+                      : (specs.upper ? 'A' : 'a');
+  *format_ptr = '\0';
+
+  // Format using snprintf.
+  auto offset = buf.size();
+  for (;;) {
+    auto begin = buf.data() + offset;
+    auto capacity = buf.capacity() - offset;
+#ifdef FMT_FUZZ
+    if (precision > 100000)
+      throw std::runtime_error(
+          "fuzz mode - avoid large allocation inside snprintf");
+#endif
+    // Suppress the warning about a nonliteral format string.
+    // Cannot use auto because of a bug in MinGW (#1532).
+    int (*snprintf_ptr)(char*, size_t, const char*, ...) = FMT_SNPRINTF;
+    int result = precision >= 0
+                     ? snprintf_ptr(begin, capacity, format, precision, value)
+                     : snprintf_ptr(begin, capacity, format, value);
+    if (result < 0) {
+      // The buffer will grow exponentially.
+      buf.try_reserve(buf.capacity() + 1);
+      continue;
+    }
+    auto size = to_unsigned(result);
+    // Size equal to capacity means that the last character was truncated.
+    if (size >= capacity) {
+      buf.try_reserve(size + offset + 1);  // Add 1 for the terminating '\0'.
+      continue;
+    }
+    auto is_digit = [](char c) { return c >= '0' && c <= '9'; };
+    if (specs.format == float_format::fixed) {
+      if (precision == 0) {
+        buf.try_resize(size);
+        return 0;
+      }
+      // Find and remove the decimal point.
+      auto end = begin + size, p = end;
+      do {
+        --p;
+      } while (is_digit(*p));
+      int fraction_size = static_cast<int>(end - p - 1);
+      std::memmove(p, p + 1, to_unsigned(fraction_size));
+      buf.try_resize(size - 1);
+      return -fraction_size;
+    }
+    if (specs.format == float_format::hex) {
+      buf.try_resize(size + offset);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    // Find and parse the exponent.
+    auto end = begin + size, exp_pos = end;
+    do {
+      --exp_pos;
+    } while (*exp_pos != 'e');
+    char sign = exp_pos[1];
+    assert(sign == '+' || sign == '-');
+    int exp = 0;
+    auto p = exp_pos + 2;  // Skip 'e' and sign.
+    do {
+      assert(is_digit(*p));
+      exp = exp * 10 + (*p++ - '0');
+    } while (p != end);
+    if (sign == '-') exp = -exp;
+    int fraction_size = 0;
+    if (exp_pos != begin + 1) {
+      // Remove trailing zeros.
+      auto fraction_end = exp_pos - 1;
+      while (*fraction_end == '0') --fraction_end;
+      // Move the fractional part left to get rid of the decimal point.
+      fraction_size = static_cast<int>(fraction_end - begin - 1);
+      std::memmove(begin + 1, begin + 2, to_unsigned(fraction_size));
+    }
+    buf.try_resize(to_unsigned(fraction_size) + offset + 1);
+    return exp - fraction_size;
+  }
+}
+
+// A public domain branchless UTF-8 decoder by Christopher Wellons:
+// https://github.com/skeeto/branchless-utf8
+/* Decode the next character, c, from buf, reporting errors in e.
+ *
+ * Since this is a branchless decoder, four bytes will be read from the
+ * buffer regardless of the actual length of the next character. This
+ * means the buffer _must_ have at least three bytes of zero padding
+ * following the end of the data stream.
+ *
+ * Errors are reported in e, which will be non-zero if the parsed
+ * character was somehow invalid: invalid byte sequence, non-canonical
+ * encoding, or a surrogate half.
+ *
+ * The function returns a pointer to the next character. When an error
+ * occurs, this pointer will be a guess that depends on the particular
+ * error, but it will always advance at least one byte.
+ */
+inline const char* utf8_decode(const char* buf, uint32_t* c, int* e) {
+  static const int masks[] = {0x00, 0x7f, 0x1f, 0x0f, 0x07};
+  static const uint32_t mins[] = {4194304, 0, 128, 2048, 65536};
+  static const int shiftc[] = {0, 18, 12, 6, 0};
+  static const int shifte[] = {0, 6, 4, 2, 0};
+
+  int len = code_point_length(buf);
+  const char* next = buf + len;
+
+  // Assume a four-byte character and load four bytes. Unused bits are
+  // shifted out.
+  auto s = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(buf);
+  *c = uint32_t(s[0] & masks[len]) << 18;
+  *c |= uint32_t(s[1] & 0x3f) << 12;
+  *c |= uint32_t(s[2] & 0x3f) << 6;
+  *c |= uint32_t(s[3] & 0x3f) << 0;
+  *c >>= shiftc[len];
+
+  // Accumulate the various error conditions.
+  *e = (*c < mins[len]) << 6;       // non-canonical encoding
+  *e |= ((*c >> 11) == 0x1b) << 7;  // surrogate half?
+  *e |= (*c > 0x10FFFF) << 8;       // out of range?
+  *e |= (s[1] & 0xc0) >> 2;
+  *e |= (s[2] & 0xc0) >> 4;
+  *e |= (s[3]) >> 6;
+  *e ^= 0x2a;  // top two bits of each tail byte correct?
+  *e >>= shifte[len];
+
+  return next;
+}
+
+struct stringifier {
+  template <typename T> FMT_INLINE std::string operator()(T value) const {
+    return to_string(value);
+  }
+  std::string operator()(basic_format_arg<format_context>::handle h) const {
+    memory_buffer buf;
+    format_parse_context parse_ctx({});
+    format_context format_ctx(buffer_appender<char>(buf), {}, {});
+    h.format(parse_ctx, format_ctx);
+    return to_string(buf);
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <> struct formatter<detail::bigint> {
+  format_parse_context::iterator parse(format_parse_context& ctx) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  format_context::iterator format(const detail::bigint& n,
+                                  format_context& ctx) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    bool first = true;
+    for (auto i = n.bigits_.size(); i > 0; --i) {
+      auto value = n.bigits_[i - 1u];
+      if (first) {
+        out = format_to(out, "{:x}", value);
+        first = false;
+        continue;
+      }
+      out = format_to(out, "{:08x}", value);
+    }
+    if (n.exp_ > 0)
+      out = format_to(out, "p{}", n.exp_ * detail::bigint::bigit_bits);
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+FMT_FUNC detail::utf8_to_utf16::utf8_to_utf16(string_view s) {
+  auto transcode = [this](const char* p) {
+    auto cp = uint32_t();
+    auto error = 0;
+    p = utf8_decode(p, &cp, &error);
+    if (error != 0) FMT_THROW(std::runtime_error("invalid utf8"));
+    if (cp <= 0xFFFF) {
+      buffer_.push_back(static_cast<wchar_t>(cp));
+    } else {
+      cp -= 0x10000;
+      buffer_.push_back(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xD800 + (cp >> 10)));
+      buffer_.push_back(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xDC00 + (cp & 0x3FF)));
+    }
+    return p;
+  };
+  auto p = s.data();
+  const size_t block_size = 4;  // utf8_decode always reads blocks of 4 chars.
+  if (s.size() >= block_size) {
+    for (auto end = p + s.size() - block_size + 1; p < end;) p = transcode(p);
+  }
+  if (auto num_chars_left = s.data() + s.size() - p) {
+    char buf[2 * block_size - 1] = {};
+    memcpy(buf, p, to_unsigned(num_chars_left));
+    p = buf;
+    do {
+      p = transcode(p);
+    } while (p - buf < num_chars_left);
+  }
+  buffer_.push_back(0);
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC void format_system_error(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                                  string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_TRY {
+    memory_buffer buf;
+    buf.resize(inline_buffer_size);
+    for (;;) {
+      char* system_message = &buf[0];
+      int result =
+          detail::safe_strerror(error_code, system_message, buf.size());
+      if (result == 0) {
+        format_to(detail::buffer_appender<char>(out), "{}: {}", message,
+                  system_message);
+        return;
+      }
+      if (result != ERANGE)
+        break;  // Can't get error message, report error code instead.
+      buf.resize(buf.size() * 2);
+    }
+  }
+  FMT_CATCH(...) {}
+  format_error_code(out, error_code, message);
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC void detail::error_handler::on_error(const char* message) {
+  FMT_THROW(format_error(message));
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC void report_system_error(int error_code,
+                                  fmt::string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  report_error(format_system_error, error_code, message);
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC std::string detail::vformat(string_view format_str, format_args args) {
+  if (format_str.size() == 2 && equal2(format_str.data(), "{}")) {
+    auto arg = args.get(0);
+    if (!arg) error_handler().on_error("argument not found");
+    return visit_format_arg(stringifier(), arg);
+  }
+  memory_buffer buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
+  return to_string(buffer);
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+namespace detail {
+using dword = conditional_t<sizeof(long) == 4, unsigned long, unsigned>;
+extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall WriteConsoleW(  //
+    void*, const void*, dword, dword*, void*);
+}  // namespace detail
+#endif
+
+FMT_FUNC void vprint(std::FILE* f, string_view format_str, format_args args) {
+  memory_buffer buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str,
+                     basic_format_args<buffer_context<char>>(args));
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  auto fd = _fileno(f);
+  if (_isatty(fd)) {
+    detail::utf8_to_utf16 u16(string_view(buffer.data(), buffer.size()));
+    auto written = detail::dword();
+    if (!detail::WriteConsoleW(reinterpret_cast<void*>(_get_osfhandle(fd)),
+                               u16.c_str(), static_cast<uint32_t>(u16.size()),
+                               &written, nullptr)) {
+      FMT_THROW(format_error("failed to write to console"));
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+#endif
+  detail::fwrite_fully(buffer.data(), 1, buffer.size(), f);
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// Print assuming legacy (non-Unicode) encoding.
+FMT_FUNC void detail::vprint_mojibake(std::FILE* f, string_view format_str,
+                                      format_args args) {
+  memory_buffer buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str,
+                     basic_format_args<buffer_context<char>>(args));
+  fwrite_fully(buffer.data(), 1, buffer.size(), f);
+}
+#endif
+
+FMT_FUNC void vprint(string_view format_str, format_args args) {
+  vprint(stdout, format_str, args);
+}
+
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_FORMAT_INL_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1a037b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/format.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3960 @@
+/*
+ Formatting library for C++
+
+ Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+ --- Optional exception to the license ---
+
+ As an exception, if, as a result of your compiling your source code, portions
+ of this Software are embedded into a machine-executable object form of such
+ source code, you may redistribute such embedded portions in such object form
+ without including the above copyright and permission notices.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FMT_FORMAT_H_
+#define FMT_FORMAT_H_
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+#include "core.h"
+
+#ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __INTEL_COMPILER
+#elif defined(__ICL)
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __ICL
+#else
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __NVCC__
+#  define FMT_CUDA_VERSION (__CUDACC_VER_MAJOR__ * 100 + __CUDACC_VER_MINOR__)
+#else
+#  define FMT_CUDA_VERSION 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __has_builtin
+#  define FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(x) __has_builtin(x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
+#  define FMT_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#else
+#  define FMT_NOINLINE
+#endif
+
+#if __cplusplus == 201103L || __cplusplus == 201402L
+#  if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) || defined(__PGI)
+#    define FMT_FALLTHROUGH
+#  elif defined(__clang__)
+#    define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[clang::fallthrough]]
+#  elif FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 700 && \
+      (!defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ >= 520)
+#    define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[gnu::fallthrough]]
+#  else
+#    define FMT_FALLTHROUGH
+#  endif
+#elif FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(fallthrough) || \
+    (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L)
+#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
+#else
+#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED
+#  if FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(maybe_unused)
+#    define FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED [[maybe_unused]]
+#  else
+#    define FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_THROW
+#  if FMT_EXCEPTIONS
+#    if FMT_MSC_VER || FMT_NVCC
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+template <typename Exception> inline void do_throw(const Exception& x) {
+  // Silence unreachable code warnings in MSVC and NVCC because these
+  // are nearly impossible to fix in a generic code.
+  volatile bool b = true;
+  if (b) throw x;
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+#      define FMT_THROW(x) detail::do_throw(x)
+#    else
+#      define FMT_THROW(x) throw x
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    define FMT_THROW(x)              \
+      do {                            \
+        static_cast<void>(sizeof(x)); \
+        FMT_ASSERT(false, "");        \
+      } while (false)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_EXCEPTIONS
+#  define FMT_TRY try
+#  define FMT_CATCH(x) catch (x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_TRY if (true)
+#  define FMT_CATCH(x) if (false)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS
+// EDG based compilers (Intel, NVIDIA, Elbrus, etc), GCC and MSVC support UDLs.
+#  if (FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_user_literals) || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 407 || \
+       FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900) &&                                         \
+      (!defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ >= /* UDL feature */ 480)
+#    define FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS 1
+#  else
+#    define FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS 0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_UDL_TEMPLATE
+// EDG frontend based compilers (icc, nvcc, PGI, etc) and GCC < 6.4 do not
+// properly support UDL templates and GCC >= 9 warns about them.
+#  if FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS &&                         \
+      (!defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ >= 501) && \
+      ((FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 604 && __cplusplus >= 201402L) ||   \
+       FMT_CLANG_VERSION >= 304) &&                            \
+      !defined(__PGI) && !defined(__NVCC__)
+#    define FMT_USE_UDL_TEMPLATE 1
+#  else
+#    define FMT_USE_UDL_TEMPLATE 0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_FLOAT
+#  define FMT_USE_FLOAT 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_DOUBLE
+#  define FMT_USE_DOUBLE 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_LONG_DOUBLE
+#  define FMT_USE_LONG_DOUBLE 1
+#endif
+
+// Defining FMT_REDUCE_INT_INSTANTIATIONS to 1, will reduce the number of
+// int_writer template instances to just one by only using the largest integer
+// type. This results in a reduction in binary size but will cause a decrease in
+// integer formatting performance.
+#if !defined(FMT_REDUCE_INT_INSTANTIATIONS)
+#  define FMT_REDUCE_INT_INSTANTIATIONS 0
+#endif
+
+// __builtin_clz is broken in clang with Microsoft CodeGen:
+// https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/519
+#if (FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_clz)) && !FMT_MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ(n) __builtin_clz(n)
+#endif
+#if (FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_clzll)) && !FMT_MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CLZLL(n) __builtin_clzll(n)
+#endif
+#if (FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_ctz))
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ(n) __builtin_ctz(n)
+#endif
+#if (FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_ctzll))
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL(n) __builtin_ctzll(n)
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_MSC_VER
+#  include <intrin.h>  // _BitScanReverse[64], _BitScanForward[64], _umul128
+#endif
+
+// Some compilers masquerade as both MSVC and GCC-likes or otherwise support
+// __builtin_clz and __builtin_clzll, so only define FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ using the
+// MSVC intrinsics if the clz and clzll builtins are not available.
+#if FMT_MSC_VER && !defined(FMT_BUILTIN_CLZLL) && \
+    !defined(FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL) && !defined(_MANAGED)
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+// Avoid Clang with Microsoft CodeGen's -Wunknown-pragmas warning.
+#  ifndef __clang__
+#    pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
+#    pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse)
+#  endif
+#  if defined(_WIN64) && !defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward64)
+#    pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse64)
+#  endif
+
+inline int clz(uint32_t x) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+  _BitScanReverse(&r, x);
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+  // Static analysis complains about using uninitialized data
+  // "r", but the only way that can happen is if "x" is 0,
+  // which the callers guarantee to not happen.
+  FMT_SUPPRESS_MSC_WARNING(6102)
+  return 31 ^ static_cast<int>(r);
+}
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ(n) detail::clz(n)
+
+inline int clzll(uint64_t x) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+#  ifdef _WIN64
+  _BitScanReverse64(&r, x);
+#  else
+  // Scan the high 32 bits.
+  if (_BitScanReverse(&r, static_cast<uint32_t>(x >> 32))) return 63 ^ (r + 32);
+  // Scan the low 32 bits.
+  _BitScanReverse(&r, static_cast<uint32_t>(x));
+#  endif
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+  FMT_SUPPRESS_MSC_WARNING(6102)  // Suppress a bogus static analysis warning.
+  return 63 ^ static_cast<int>(r);
+}
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CLZLL(n) detail::clzll(n)
+
+inline int ctz(uint32_t x) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+  _BitScanForward(&r, x);
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+  FMT_SUPPRESS_MSC_WARNING(6102)  // Suppress a bogus static analysis warning.
+  return static_cast<int>(r);
+}
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ(n) detail::ctz(n)
+
+inline int ctzll(uint64_t x) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+  FMT_SUPPRESS_MSC_WARNING(6102)  // Suppress a bogus static analysis warning.
+#  ifdef _WIN64
+  _BitScanForward64(&r, x);
+#  else
+  // Scan the low 32 bits.
+  if (_BitScanForward(&r, static_cast<uint32_t>(x))) return static_cast<int>(r);
+  // Scan the high 32 bits.
+  _BitScanForward(&r, static_cast<uint32_t>(x >> 32));
+  r += 32;
+#  endif
+  return static_cast<int>(r);
+}
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL(n) detail::ctzll(n)
+}  // namespace detail
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+#endif
+
+// Enable the deprecated numeric alignment.
+#ifndef FMT_DEPRECATED_NUMERIC_ALIGN
+#  define FMT_DEPRECATED_NUMERIC_ALIGN 0
+#endif
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+
+// An equivalent of `*reinterpret_cast<Dest*>(&source)` that doesn't have
+// undefined behavior (e.g. due to type aliasing).
+// Example: uint64_t d = bit_cast<uint64_t>(2.718);
+template <typename Dest, typename Source>
+inline Dest bit_cast(const Source& source) {
+  static_assert(sizeof(Dest) == sizeof(Source), "size mismatch");
+  Dest dest;
+  std::memcpy(&dest, &source, sizeof(dest));
+  return dest;
+}
+
+inline bool is_big_endian() {
+  const auto u = 1u;
+  struct bytes {
+    char data[sizeof(u)];
+  };
+  return bit_cast<bytes>(u).data[0] == 0;
+}
+
+// A fallback implementation of uintptr_t for systems that lack it.
+struct fallback_uintptr {
+  unsigned char value[sizeof(void*)];
+
+  fallback_uintptr() = default;
+  explicit fallback_uintptr(const void* p) {
+    *this = bit_cast<fallback_uintptr>(p);
+    if (is_big_endian()) {
+      for (size_t i = 0, j = sizeof(void*) - 1; i < j; ++i, --j)
+        std::swap(value[i], value[j]);
+    }
+  }
+};
+#ifdef UINTPTR_MAX
+using uintptr_t = ::uintptr_t;
+inline uintptr_t to_uintptr(const void* p) { return bit_cast<uintptr_t>(p); }
+#else
+using uintptr_t = fallback_uintptr;
+inline fallback_uintptr to_uintptr(const void* p) {
+  return fallback_uintptr(p);
+}
+#endif
+
+// Returns the largest possible value for type T. Same as
+// std::numeric_limits<T>::max() but shorter and not affected by the max macro.
+template <typename T> constexpr T max_value() {
+  return (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)();
+}
+template <typename T> constexpr int num_bits() {
+  return std::numeric_limits<T>::digits;
+}
+// std::numeric_limits<T>::digits may return 0 for 128-bit ints.
+template <> constexpr int num_bits<int128_t>() { return 128; }
+template <> constexpr int num_bits<uint128_t>() { return 128; }
+template <> constexpr int num_bits<fallback_uintptr>() {
+  return static_cast<int>(sizeof(void*) *
+                          std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::digits);
+}
+
+FMT_INLINE void assume(bool condition) {
+  (void)condition;
+#if FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_assume)
+  __builtin_assume(condition);
+#endif
+}
+
+// An approximation of iterator_t for pre-C++20 systems.
+template <typename T>
+using iterator_t = decltype(std::begin(std::declval<T&>()));
+template <typename T> using sentinel_t = decltype(std::end(std::declval<T&>()));
+
+// A workaround for std::string not having mutable data() until C++17.
+template <typename Char> inline Char* get_data(std::basic_string<Char>& s) {
+  return &s[0];
+}
+template <typename Container>
+inline typename Container::value_type* get_data(Container& c) {
+  return c.data();
+}
+
+#if defined(_SECURE_SCL) && _SECURE_SCL
+// Make a checked iterator to avoid MSVC warnings.
+template <typename T> using checked_ptr = stdext::checked_array_iterator<T*>;
+template <typename T> checked_ptr<T> make_checked(T* p, size_t size) {
+  return {p, size};
+}
+#else
+template <typename T> using checked_ptr = T*;
+template <typename T> inline T* make_checked(T* p, size_t) { return p; }
+#endif
+
+template <typename Container, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_contiguous<Container>::value)>
+#if FMT_CLANG_VERSION
+__attribute__((no_sanitize("undefined")))
+#endif
+inline checked_ptr<typename Container::value_type>
+reserve(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> it, size_t n) {
+  Container& c = get_container(it);
+  size_t size = c.size();
+  c.resize(size + n);
+  return make_checked(get_data(c) + size, n);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline buffer_appender<T> reserve(buffer_appender<T> it, size_t n) {
+  buffer<T>& buf = get_container(it);
+  buf.try_reserve(buf.size() + n);
+  return it;
+}
+
+template <typename Iterator> inline Iterator& reserve(Iterator& it, size_t) {
+  return it;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename OutputIt>
+constexpr T* to_pointer(OutputIt, size_t) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+template <typename T> T* to_pointer(buffer_appender<T> it, size_t n) {
+  buffer<T>& buf = get_container(it);
+  auto size = buf.size();
+  if (buf.capacity() < size + n) return nullptr;
+  buf.try_resize(size + n);
+  return buf.data() + size;
+}
+
+template <typename Container, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_contiguous<Container>::value)>
+inline std::back_insert_iterator<Container> base_iterator(
+    std::back_insert_iterator<Container>& it,
+    checked_ptr<typename Container::value_type>) {
+  return it;
+}
+
+template <typename Iterator>
+inline Iterator base_iterator(Iterator, Iterator it) {
+  return it;
+}
+
+// An output iterator that counts the number of objects written to it and
+// discards them.
+class counting_iterator {
+ private:
+  size_t count_;
+
+ public:
+  using iterator_category = std::output_iterator_tag;
+  using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+  using pointer = void;
+  using reference = void;
+  using _Unchecked_type = counting_iterator;  // Mark iterator as checked.
+
+  struct value_type {
+    template <typename T> void operator=(const T&) {}
+  };
+
+  counting_iterator() : count_(0) {}
+
+  size_t count() const { return count_; }
+
+  counting_iterator& operator++() {
+    ++count_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  counting_iterator operator++(int) {
+    auto it = *this;
+    ++*this;
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  friend counting_iterator operator+(counting_iterator it, difference_type n) {
+    it.count_ += static_cast<size_t>(n);
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  value_type operator*() const { return {}; }
+};
+
+template <typename OutputIt> class truncating_iterator_base {
+ protected:
+  OutputIt out_;
+  size_t limit_;
+  size_t count_;
+
+  truncating_iterator_base(OutputIt out, size_t limit)
+      : out_(out), limit_(limit), count_(0) {}
+
+ public:
+  using iterator_category = std::output_iterator_tag;
+  using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<OutputIt>::value_type;
+  using difference_type = void;
+  using pointer = void;
+  using reference = void;
+  using _Unchecked_type =
+      truncating_iterator_base;  // Mark iterator as checked.
+
+  OutputIt base() const { return out_; }
+  size_t count() const { return count_; }
+};
+
+// An output iterator that truncates the output and counts the number of objects
+// written to it.
+template <typename OutputIt,
+          typename Enable = typename std::is_void<
+              typename std::iterator_traits<OutputIt>::value_type>::type>
+class truncating_iterator;
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+class truncating_iterator<OutputIt, std::false_type>
+    : public truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt> {
+  mutable typename truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt>::value_type blackhole_;
+
+ public:
+  using value_type = typename truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt>::value_type;
+
+  truncating_iterator(OutputIt out, size_t limit)
+      : truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt>(out, limit) {}
+
+  truncating_iterator& operator++() {
+    if (this->count_++ < this->limit_) ++this->out_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  truncating_iterator operator++(int) {
+    auto it = *this;
+    ++*this;
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  value_type& operator*() const {
+    return this->count_ < this->limit_ ? *this->out_ : blackhole_;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+class truncating_iterator<OutputIt, std::true_type>
+    : public truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt> {
+ public:
+  truncating_iterator(OutputIt out, size_t limit)
+      : truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt>(out, limit) {}
+
+  template <typename T> truncating_iterator& operator=(T val) {
+    if (this->count_++ < this->limit_) *this->out_++ = val;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  truncating_iterator& operator++() { return *this; }
+  truncating_iterator& operator++(int) { return *this; }
+  truncating_iterator& operator*() { return *this; }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+inline size_t count_code_points(basic_string_view<Char> s) {
+  return s.size();
+}
+
+// Counts the number of code points in a UTF-8 string.
+inline size_t count_code_points(basic_string_view<char> s) {
+  const char* data = s.data();
+  size_t num_code_points = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0, size = s.size(); i != size; ++i) {
+    if ((data[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80) ++num_code_points;
+  }
+  return num_code_points;
+}
+
+inline size_t count_code_points(basic_string_view<char8_type> s) {
+  return count_code_points(basic_string_view<char>(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s.data()), s.size()));
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+inline size_t code_point_index(basic_string_view<Char> s, size_t n) {
+  size_t size = s.size();
+  return n < size ? n : size;
+}
+
+// Calculates the index of the nth code point in a UTF-8 string.
+inline size_t code_point_index(basic_string_view<char8_type> s, size_t n) {
+  const char8_type* data = s.data();
+  size_t num_code_points = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0, size = s.size(); i != size; ++i) {
+    if ((data[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80 && ++num_code_points > n) {
+      return i;
+    }
+  }
+  return s.size();
+}
+
+template <typename InputIt, typename OutChar>
+using needs_conversion = bool_constant<
+    std::is_same<typename std::iterator_traits<InputIt>::value_type,
+                 char>::value &&
+    std::is_same<OutChar, char8_type>::value>;
+
+template <typename OutChar, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!needs_conversion<InputIt, OutChar>::value)>
+OutputIt copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end, OutputIt it) {
+  return std::copy(begin, end, it);
+}
+
+template <typename OutChar, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(needs_conversion<InputIt, OutChar>::value)>
+OutputIt copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end, OutputIt it) {
+  return std::transform(begin, end, it,
+                        [](char c) { return static_cast<char8_type>(c); });
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename InputIt>
+inline counting_iterator copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end,
+                                  counting_iterator it) {
+  return it + (end - begin);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_fast_float = bool_constant<std::numeric_limits<T>::is_iec559 &&
+                                    sizeof(T) <= sizeof(double)>;
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX
+#  define FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX 0
+#endif
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename U>
+void buffer<T>::append(const U* begin, const U* end) {
+  do {
+    auto count = to_unsigned(end - begin);
+    try_reserve(size_ + count);
+    auto free_cap = capacity_ - size_;
+    if (free_cap < count) count = free_cap;
+    std::uninitialized_copy_n(begin, count, make_checked(ptr_ + size_, count));
+    size_ += count;
+    begin += count;
+  } while (begin != end);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename T, typename Traits>
+void iterator_buffer<OutputIt, T, Traits>::flush() {
+  out_ = std::copy_n(data_, this->limit(this->size()), out_);
+  this->clear();
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// The number of characters to store in the basic_memory_buffer object itself
+// to avoid dynamic memory allocation.
+enum { inline_buffer_size = 500 };
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  A dynamically growing memory buffer for trivially copyable/constructible types
+  with the first ``SIZE`` elements stored in the object itself.
+
+  You can use one of the following type aliases for common character types:
+
+  +----------------+------------------------------+
+  | Type           | Definition                   |
+  +================+==============================+
+  | memory_buffer  | basic_memory_buffer<char>    |
+  +----------------+------------------------------+
+  | wmemory_buffer | basic_memory_buffer<wchar_t> |
+  +----------------+------------------------------+
+
+  **Example**::
+
+     fmt::memory_buffer out;
+     format_to(out, "The answer is {}.", 42);
+
+  This will append the following output to the ``out`` object:
+
+  .. code-block:: none
+
+     The answer is 42.
+
+  The output can be converted to an ``std::string`` with ``to_string(out)``.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename T, size_t SIZE = inline_buffer_size,
+          typename Allocator = std::allocator<T>>
+class basic_memory_buffer final : public detail::buffer<T> {
+ private:
+  T store_[SIZE];
+
+  // Don't inherit from Allocator avoid generating type_info for it.
+  Allocator alloc_;
+
+  // Deallocate memory allocated by the buffer.
+  void deallocate() {
+    T* data = this->data();
+    if (data != store_) alloc_.deallocate(data, this->capacity());
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void grow(size_t size) final FMT_OVERRIDE;
+
+ public:
+  using value_type = T;
+  using const_reference = const T&;
+
+  explicit basic_memory_buffer(const Allocator& alloc = Allocator())
+      : alloc_(alloc) {
+    this->set(store_, SIZE);
+  }
+  ~basic_memory_buffer() { deallocate(); }
+
+ private:
+  // Move data from other to this buffer.
+  void move(basic_memory_buffer& other) {
+    alloc_ = std::move(other.alloc_);
+    T* data = other.data();
+    size_t size = other.size(), capacity = other.capacity();
+    if (data == other.store_) {
+      this->set(store_, capacity);
+      std::uninitialized_copy(other.store_, other.store_ + size,
+                              detail::make_checked(store_, capacity));
+    } else {
+      this->set(data, capacity);
+      // Set pointer to the inline array so that delete is not called
+      // when deallocating.
+      other.set(other.store_, 0);
+    }
+    this->resize(size);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Constructs a :class:`fmt::basic_memory_buffer` object moving the content
+    of the other object to it.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  basic_memory_buffer(basic_memory_buffer&& other) FMT_NOEXCEPT { move(other); }
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Moves the content of the other ``basic_memory_buffer`` object to this one.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  basic_memory_buffer& operator=(basic_memory_buffer&& other) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(this != &other, "");
+    deallocate();
+    move(other);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Returns a copy of the allocator associated with this buffer.
+  Allocator get_allocator() const { return alloc_; }
+
+  /**
+    Resizes the buffer to contain *count* elements. If T is a POD type new
+    elements may not be initialized.
+   */
+  void resize(size_t count) { this->try_resize(count); }
+
+  /** Increases the buffer capacity to *new_capacity*. */
+  void reserve(size_t new_capacity) { this->try_reserve(new_capacity); }
+
+  // Directly append data into the buffer
+  using detail::buffer<T>::append;
+  template <typename ContiguousRange>
+  void append(const ContiguousRange& range) {
+    append(range.data(), range.data() + range.size());
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T, size_t SIZE, typename Allocator>
+void basic_memory_buffer<T, SIZE, Allocator>::grow(size_t size) {
+#ifdef FMT_FUZZ
+  if (size > 5000) throw std::runtime_error("fuzz mode - won't grow that much");
+#endif
+  size_t old_capacity = this->capacity();
+  size_t new_capacity = old_capacity + old_capacity / 2;
+  if (size > new_capacity) new_capacity = size;
+  T* old_data = this->data();
+  T* new_data =
+      std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::allocate(alloc_, new_capacity);
+  // The following code doesn't throw, so the raw pointer above doesn't leak.
+  std::uninitialized_copy(old_data, old_data + this->size(),
+                          detail::make_checked(new_data, new_capacity));
+  this->set(new_data, new_capacity);
+  // deallocate must not throw according to the standard, but even if it does,
+  // the buffer already uses the new storage and will deallocate it in
+  // destructor.
+  if (old_data != store_) alloc_.deallocate(old_data, old_capacity);
+}
+
+using memory_buffer = basic_memory_buffer<char>;
+using wmemory_buffer = basic_memory_buffer<wchar_t>;
+
+template <typename T, size_t SIZE, typename Allocator>
+struct is_contiguous<basic_memory_buffer<T, SIZE, Allocator>> : std::true_type {
+};
+
+/** A formatting error such as invalid format string. */
+FMT_CLASS_API
+class FMT_API format_error : public std::runtime_error {
+ public:
+  explicit format_error(const char* message) : std::runtime_error(message) {}
+  explicit format_error(const std::string& message)
+      : std::runtime_error(message) {}
+  format_error(const format_error&) = default;
+  format_error& operator=(const format_error&) = default;
+  format_error(format_error&&) = default;
+  format_error& operator=(format_error&&) = default;
+  ~format_error() FMT_NOEXCEPT FMT_OVERRIDE;
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_signed =
+    std::integral_constant<bool, std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed ||
+                                     std::is_same<T, int128_t>::value>;
+
+// Returns true if value is negative, false otherwise.
+// Same as `value < 0` but doesn't produce warnings if T is an unsigned type.
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_signed<T>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR bool is_negative(T value) {
+  return value < 0;
+}
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_signed<T>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR bool is_negative(T) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR bool is_supported_floating_point(T) {
+  return (std::is_same<T, float>::value && FMT_USE_FLOAT) ||
+         (std::is_same<T, double>::value && FMT_USE_DOUBLE) ||
+         (std::is_same<T, long double>::value && FMT_USE_LONG_DOUBLE);
+}
+
+// Smallest of uint32_t, uint64_t, uint128_t that is large enough to
+// represent all values of an integral type T.
+template <typename T>
+using uint32_or_64_or_128_t =
+    conditional_t<num_bits<T>() <= 32 && !FMT_REDUCE_INT_INSTANTIATIONS,
+                  uint32_t,
+                  conditional_t<num_bits<T>() <= 64, uint64_t, uint128_t>>;
+
+// 128-bit integer type used internally
+struct FMT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_API uint128_wrapper {
+  uint128_wrapper() = default;
+
+#if FMT_USE_INT128
+  uint128_t internal_;
+
+  uint128_wrapper(uint64_t high, uint64_t low) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : internal_{static_cast<uint128_t>(low) |
+                  (static_cast<uint128_t>(high) << 64)} {}
+
+  uint128_wrapper(uint128_t u) : internal_{u} {}
+
+  uint64_t high() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return uint64_t(internal_ >> 64); }
+  uint64_t low() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return uint64_t(internal_); }
+
+  uint128_wrapper& operator+=(uint64_t n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    internal_ += n;
+    return *this;
+  }
+#else
+  uint64_t high_;
+  uint64_t low_;
+
+  uint128_wrapper(uint64_t high, uint64_t low) FMT_NOEXCEPT : high_{high},
+                                                              low_{low} {}
+
+  uint64_t high() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return high_; }
+  uint64_t low() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return low_; }
+
+  uint128_wrapper& operator+=(uint64_t n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+#  if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X64)
+    unsigned char carry = _addcarry_u64(0, low_, n, &low_);
+    _addcarry_u64(carry, high_, 0, &high_);
+    return *this;
+#  else
+    uint64_t sum = low_ + n;
+    high_ += (sum < low_ ? 1 : 0);
+    low_ = sum;
+    return *this;
+#  endif
+  }
+#endif
+};
+
+// Table entry type for divisibility test used internally
+template <typename T> struct FMT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_API divtest_table_entry {
+  T mod_inv;
+  T max_quotient;
+};
+
+// Static data is placed in this class template for the header-only config.
+template <typename T = void> struct FMT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_API basic_data {
+  static const uint64_t powers_of_10_64[];
+  static const uint32_t zero_or_powers_of_10_32_new[];
+  static const uint64_t zero_or_powers_of_10_64_new[];
+  static const uint64_t grisu_pow10_significands[];
+  static const int16_t grisu_pow10_exponents[];
+  static const divtest_table_entry<uint32_t> divtest_table_for_pow5_32[];
+  static const divtest_table_entry<uint64_t> divtest_table_for_pow5_64[];
+  static const uint64_t dragonbox_pow10_significands_64[];
+  static const uint128_wrapper dragonbox_pow10_significands_128[];
+  // log10(2) = 0x0.4d104d427de7fbcc...
+  static const uint64_t log10_2_significand = 0x4d104d427de7fbcc;
+#if !FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX
+  static const uint64_t powers_of_5_64[];
+  static const uint32_t dragonbox_pow10_recovery_errors[];
+#endif
+  // GCC generates slightly better code for pairs than chars.
+  using digit_pair = char[2];
+  static const digit_pair digits[];
+  static const char hex_digits[];
+  static const char foreground_color[];
+  static const char background_color[];
+  static const char reset_color[5];
+  static const wchar_t wreset_color[5];
+  static const char signs[];
+  static const char left_padding_shifts[5];
+  static const char right_padding_shifts[5];
+
+  // DEPRECATED! These are for ABI compatibility.
+  static const uint32_t zero_or_powers_of_10_32[];
+  static const uint64_t zero_or_powers_of_10_64[];
+};
+
+// Maps bsr(n) to ceil(log10(pow(2, bsr(n) + 1) - 1)).
+// This is a function instead of an array to workaround a bug in GCC10 (#1810).
+FMT_INLINE uint16_t bsr2log10(int bsr) {
+  static constexpr uint16_t data[] = {
+      1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  2,  3,  3,  3,  4,  4,  4,  4,  5,  5,  5,
+      6,  6,  6,  7,  7,  7,  7,  8,  8,  8,  9,  9,  9,  10, 10, 10,
+      10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15,
+      15, 16, 16, 16, 16, 17, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20};
+  return data[bsr];
+}
+
+#ifndef FMT_EXPORTED
+FMT_EXTERN template struct basic_data<void>;
+#endif
+
+// This is a struct rather than an alias to avoid shadowing warnings in gcc.
+struct data : basic_data<> {};
+
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CLZLL
+// Returns the number of decimal digits in n. Leading zeros are not counted
+// except for n == 0 in which case count_digits returns 1.
+inline int count_digits(uint64_t n) {
+  // https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/digits10
+  auto t = bsr2log10(FMT_BUILTIN_CLZLL(n | 1) ^ 63);
+  return t - (n < data::zero_or_powers_of_10_64_new[t]);
+}
+#else
+// Fallback version of count_digits used when __builtin_clz is not available.
+inline int count_digits(uint64_t n) {
+  int count = 1;
+  for (;;) {
+    // Integer division is slow so do it for a group of four digits instead
+    // of for every digit. The idea comes from the talk by Alexandrescu
+    // "Three Optimization Tips for C++". See speed-test for a comparison.
+    if (n < 10) return count;
+    if (n < 100) return count + 1;
+    if (n < 1000) return count + 2;
+    if (n < 10000) return count + 3;
+    n /= 10000u;
+    count += 4;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_USE_INT128
+inline int count_digits(uint128_t n) {
+  int count = 1;
+  for (;;) {
+    // Integer division is slow so do it for a group of four digits instead
+    // of for every digit. The idea comes from the talk by Alexandrescu
+    // "Three Optimization Tips for C++". See speed-test for a comparison.
+    if (n < 10) return count;
+    if (n < 100) return count + 1;
+    if (n < 1000) return count + 2;
+    if (n < 10000) return count + 3;
+    n /= 10000U;
+    count += 4;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+// Counts the number of digits in n. BITS = log2(radix).
+template <unsigned BITS, typename UInt> inline int count_digits(UInt n) {
+  int num_digits = 0;
+  do {
+    ++num_digits;
+  } while ((n >>= BITS) != 0);
+  return num_digits;
+}
+
+template <> int count_digits<4>(detail::fallback_uintptr n);
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
+#  define FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+#elif FMT_MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE __forceinline
+#else
+#  define FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE inline
+#endif
+
+// To suppress unnecessary security cookie checks
+#if FMT_MSC_VER && !FMT_CLANG_VERSION
+#  define FMT_SAFEBUFFERS __declspec(safebuffers)
+#else
+#  define FMT_SAFEBUFFERS
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ
+// Optional version of count_digits for better performance on 32-bit platforms.
+inline int count_digits(uint32_t n) {
+  auto t = bsr2log10(FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ(n | 1) ^ 31);
+  return t - (n < data::zero_or_powers_of_10_32_new[t]);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename Int> constexpr int digits10() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return std::numeric_limits<Int>::digits10;
+}
+template <> constexpr int digits10<int128_t>() FMT_NOEXCEPT { return 38; }
+template <> constexpr int digits10<uint128_t>() FMT_NOEXCEPT { return 38; }
+
+template <typename Char> FMT_API std::string grouping_impl(locale_ref loc);
+template <typename Char> inline std::string grouping(locale_ref loc) {
+  return grouping_impl<char>(loc);
+}
+template <> inline std::string grouping<wchar_t>(locale_ref loc) {
+  return grouping_impl<wchar_t>(loc);
+}
+
+template <typename Char> FMT_API Char thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref loc);
+template <typename Char> inline Char thousands_sep(locale_ref loc) {
+  return Char(thousands_sep_impl<char>(loc));
+}
+template <> inline wchar_t thousands_sep(locale_ref loc) {
+  return thousands_sep_impl<wchar_t>(loc);
+}
+
+template <typename Char> FMT_API Char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc);
+template <typename Char> inline Char decimal_point(locale_ref loc) {
+  return Char(decimal_point_impl<char>(loc));
+}
+template <> inline wchar_t decimal_point(locale_ref loc) {
+  return decimal_point_impl<wchar_t>(loc);
+}
+
+// Compares two characters for equality.
+template <typename Char> bool equal2(const Char* lhs, const char* rhs) {
+  return lhs[0] == rhs[0] && lhs[1] == rhs[1];
+}
+inline bool equal2(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) {
+  return memcmp(lhs, rhs, 2) == 0;
+}
+
+// Copies two characters from src to dst.
+template <typename Char> void copy2(Char* dst, const char* src) {
+  *dst++ = static_cast<Char>(*src++);
+  *dst = static_cast<Char>(*src);
+}
+FMT_INLINE void copy2(char* dst, const char* src) { memcpy(dst, src, 2); }
+
+template <typename Iterator> struct format_decimal_result {
+  Iterator begin;
+  Iterator end;
+};
+
+// Formats a decimal unsigned integer value writing into out pointing to a
+// buffer of specified size. The caller must ensure that the buffer is large
+// enough.
+template <typename Char, typename UInt>
+inline format_decimal_result<Char*> format_decimal(Char* out, UInt value,
+                                                   int size) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(size >= count_digits(value), "invalid digit count");
+  out += size;
+  Char* end = out;
+  while (value >= 100) {
+    // Integer division is slow so do it for a group of two digits instead
+    // of for every digit. The idea comes from the talk by Alexandrescu
+    // "Three Optimization Tips for C++". See speed-test for a comparison.
+    out -= 2;
+    copy2(out, data::digits[value % 100]);
+    value /= 100;
+  }
+  if (value < 10) {
+    *--out = static_cast<Char>('0' + value);
+    return {out, end};
+  }
+  out -= 2;
+  copy2(out, data::digits[value]);
+  return {out, end};
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename UInt, typename Iterator,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_pointer<remove_cvref_t<Iterator>>::value)>
+inline format_decimal_result<Iterator> format_decimal(Iterator out, UInt value,
+                                                      int size) {
+  // Buffer is large enough to hold all digits (digits10 + 1).
+  Char buffer[digits10<UInt>() + 1];
+  auto end = format_decimal(buffer, value, size).end;
+  return {out, detail::copy_str<Char>(buffer, end, out)};
+}
+
+template <unsigned BASE_BITS, typename Char, typename UInt>
+inline Char* format_uint(Char* buffer, UInt value, int num_digits,
+                         bool upper = false) {
+  buffer += num_digits;
+  Char* end = buffer;
+  do {
+    const char* digits = upper ? "0123456789ABCDEF" : data::hex_digits;
+    unsigned digit = (value & ((1 << BASE_BITS) - 1));
+    *--buffer = static_cast<Char>(BASE_BITS < 4 ? static_cast<char>('0' + digit)
+                                                : digits[digit]);
+  } while ((value >>= BASE_BITS) != 0);
+  return end;
+}
+
+template <unsigned BASE_BITS, typename Char>
+Char* format_uint(Char* buffer, detail::fallback_uintptr n, int num_digits,
+                  bool = false) {
+  auto char_digits = std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::digits / 4;
+  int start = (num_digits + char_digits - 1) / char_digits - 1;
+  if (int start_digits = num_digits % char_digits) {
+    unsigned value = n.value[start--];
+    buffer = format_uint<BASE_BITS>(buffer, value, start_digits);
+  }
+  for (; start >= 0; --start) {
+    unsigned value = n.value[start];
+    buffer += char_digits;
+    auto p = buffer;
+    for (int i = 0; i < char_digits; ++i) {
+      unsigned digit = (value & ((1 << BASE_BITS) - 1));
+      *--p = static_cast<Char>(data::hex_digits[digit]);
+      value >>= BASE_BITS;
+    }
+  }
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+template <unsigned BASE_BITS, typename Char, typename It, typename UInt>
+inline It format_uint(It out, UInt value, int num_digits, bool upper = false) {
+  if (auto ptr = to_pointer<Char>(out, to_unsigned(num_digits))) {
+    format_uint<BASE_BITS>(ptr, value, num_digits, upper);
+    return out;
+  }
+  // Buffer should be large enough to hold all digits (digits / BASE_BITS + 1).
+  char buffer[num_bits<UInt>() / BASE_BITS + 1];
+  format_uint<BASE_BITS>(buffer, value, num_digits, upper);
+  return detail::copy_str<Char>(buffer, buffer + num_digits, out);
+}
+
+// A converter from UTF-8 to UTF-16.
+class utf8_to_utf16 {
+ private:
+  wmemory_buffer buffer_;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_API explicit utf8_to_utf16(string_view s);
+  operator wstring_view() const { return {&buffer_[0], size()}; }
+  size_t size() const { return buffer_.size() - 1; }
+  const wchar_t* c_str() const { return &buffer_[0]; }
+  std::wstring str() const { return {&buffer_[0], size()}; }
+};
+
+template <typename T = void> struct null {};
+
+// Workaround an array initialization issue in gcc 4.8.
+template <typename Char> struct fill_t {
+ private:
+  enum { max_size = 4 };
+  Char data_[max_size] = {Char(' '), Char(0), Char(0), Char(0)};
+  unsigned char size_ = 1;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator=(basic_string_view<Char> s) {
+    auto size = s.size();
+    if (size > max_size) {
+      FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid fill"));
+      return;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) data_[i] = s[i];
+    size_ = static_cast<unsigned char>(size);
+  }
+
+  size_t size() const { return size_; }
+  const Char* data() const { return data_; }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR Char& operator[](size_t index) { return data_[index]; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char& operator[](size_t index) const {
+    return data_[index];
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// We cannot use enum classes as bit fields because of a gcc bug
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61414.
+namespace align {
+enum type { none, left, right, center, numeric };
+}
+using align_t = align::type;
+
+namespace sign {
+enum type { none, minus, plus, space };
+}
+using sign_t = sign::type;
+
+// Format specifiers for built-in and string types.
+template <typename Char> struct basic_format_specs {
+  int width;
+  int precision;
+  char type;
+  align_t align : 4;
+  sign_t sign : 3;
+  bool alt : 1;  // Alternate form ('#').
+  detail::fill_t<Char> fill;
+
+  constexpr basic_format_specs()
+      : width(0),
+        precision(-1),
+        type(0),
+        align(align::none),
+        sign(sign::none),
+        alt(false) {}
+};
+
+using format_specs = basic_format_specs<char>;
+
+namespace detail {
+namespace dragonbox {
+
+// Type-specific information that Dragonbox uses.
+template <class T> struct float_info;
+
+template <> struct float_info<float> {
+  using carrier_uint = uint32_t;
+  static const int significand_bits = 23;
+  static const int exponent_bits = 8;
+  static const int min_exponent = -126;
+  static const int max_exponent = 127;
+  static const int exponent_bias = -127;
+  static const int decimal_digits = 9;
+  static const int kappa = 1;
+  static const int big_divisor = 100;
+  static const int small_divisor = 10;
+  static const int min_k = -31;
+  static const int max_k = 46;
+  static const int cache_bits = 64;
+  static const int divisibility_check_by_5_threshold = 39;
+  static const int case_fc_pm_half_lower_threshold = -1;
+  static const int case_fc_pm_half_upper_threshold = 6;
+  static const int case_fc_lower_threshold = -2;
+  static const int case_fc_upper_threshold = 6;
+  static const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold = 2;
+  static const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold = 3;
+  static const int shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold = -35;
+  static const int shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold = -35;
+  static const int max_trailing_zeros = 7;
+};
+
+template <> struct float_info<double> {
+  using carrier_uint = uint64_t;
+  static const int significand_bits = 52;
+  static const int exponent_bits = 11;
+  static const int min_exponent = -1022;
+  static const int max_exponent = 1023;
+  static const int exponent_bias = -1023;
+  static const int decimal_digits = 17;
+  static const int kappa = 2;
+  static const int big_divisor = 1000;
+  static const int small_divisor = 100;
+  static const int min_k = -292;
+  static const int max_k = 326;
+  static const int cache_bits = 128;
+  static const int divisibility_check_by_5_threshold = 86;
+  static const int case_fc_pm_half_lower_threshold = -2;
+  static const int case_fc_pm_half_upper_threshold = 9;
+  static const int case_fc_lower_threshold = -4;
+  static const int case_fc_upper_threshold = 9;
+  static const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold = 2;
+  static const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold = 3;
+  static const int shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold = -77;
+  static const int shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold = -77;
+  static const int max_trailing_zeros = 16;
+};
+
+template <typename T> struct decimal_fp {
+  using significand_type = typename float_info<T>::carrier_uint;
+  significand_type significand;
+  int exponent;
+};
+
+template <typename T> FMT_API decimal_fp<T> to_decimal(T x) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+}  // namespace dragonbox
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr typename dragonbox::float_info<T>::carrier_uint exponent_mask() {
+  using uint = typename dragonbox::float_info<T>::carrier_uint;
+  return ((uint(1) << dragonbox::float_info<T>::exponent_bits) - 1)
+         << dragonbox::float_info<T>::significand_bits;
+}
+
+// A floating-point presentation format.
+enum class float_format : unsigned char {
+  general,  // General: exponent notation or fixed point based on magnitude.
+  exp,      // Exponent notation with the default precision of 6, e.g. 1.2e-3.
+  fixed,    // Fixed point with the default precision of 6, e.g. 0.0012.
+  hex
+};
+
+struct float_specs {
+  int precision;
+  float_format format : 8;
+  sign_t sign : 8;
+  bool upper : 1;
+  bool locale : 1;
+  bool binary32 : 1;
+  bool use_grisu : 1;
+  bool showpoint : 1;
+};
+
+// Writes the exponent exp in the form "[+-]d{2,3}" to buffer.
+template <typename Char, typename It> It write_exponent(int exp, It it) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(-10000 < exp && exp < 10000, "exponent out of range");
+  if (exp < 0) {
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>('-');
+    exp = -exp;
+  } else {
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>('+');
+  }
+  if (exp >= 100) {
+    const char* top = data::digits[exp / 100];
+    if (exp >= 1000) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(top[0]);
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>(top[1]);
+    exp %= 100;
+  }
+  const char* d = data::digits[exp];
+  *it++ = static_cast<Char>(d[0]);
+  *it++ = static_cast<Char>(d[1]);
+  return it;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+int format_float(T value, int precision, float_specs specs, buffer<char>& buf);
+
+// Formats a floating-point number with snprintf.
+template <typename T>
+int snprintf_float(T value, int precision, float_specs specs,
+                   buffer<char>& buf);
+
+template <typename T> T promote_float(T value) { return value; }
+inline double promote_float(float value) { return static_cast<double>(value); }
+
+template <typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void handle_int_type_spec(char spec, Handler&& handler) {
+  switch (spec) {
+  case 0:
+  case 'd':
+    handler.on_dec();
+    break;
+  case 'x':
+  case 'X':
+    handler.on_hex();
+    break;
+  case 'b':
+  case 'B':
+    handler.on_bin();
+    break;
+  case 'o':
+    handler.on_oct();
+    break;
+#ifdef FMT_DEPRECATED_N_SPECIFIER
+  case 'n':
+#endif
+  case 'L':
+    handler.on_num();
+    break;
+  case 'c':
+    handler.on_chr();
+    break;
+  default:
+    handler.on_error();
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename ErrorHandler = error_handler, typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR float_specs parse_float_type_spec(
+    const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs, ErrorHandler&& eh = {}) {
+  auto result = float_specs();
+  result.showpoint = specs.alt;
+  switch (specs.type) {
+  case 0:
+    result.format = float_format::general;
+    result.showpoint |= specs.precision > 0;
+    break;
+  case 'G':
+    result.upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'g':
+    result.format = float_format::general;
+    break;
+  case 'E':
+    result.upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'e':
+    result.format = float_format::exp;
+    result.showpoint |= specs.precision != 0;
+    break;
+  case 'F':
+    result.upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'f':
+    result.format = float_format::fixed;
+    result.showpoint |= specs.precision != 0;
+    break;
+  case 'A':
+    result.upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'a':
+    result.format = float_format::hex;
+    break;
+#ifdef FMT_DEPRECATED_N_SPECIFIER
+  case 'n':
+#endif
+  case 'L':
+    result.locale = true;
+    break;
+  default:
+    eh.on_error("invalid type specifier");
+    break;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void handle_char_specs(const basic_format_specs<Char>* specs,
+                                     Handler&& handler) {
+  if (!specs) return handler.on_char();
+  if (specs->type && specs->type != 'c') return handler.on_int();
+  if (specs->align == align::numeric || specs->sign != sign::none || specs->alt)
+    handler.on_error("invalid format specifier for char");
+  handler.on_char();
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void handle_cstring_type_spec(Char spec, Handler&& handler) {
+  if (spec == 0 || spec == 's')
+    handler.on_string();
+  else if (spec == 'p')
+    handler.on_pointer();
+  else
+    handler.on_error("invalid type specifier");
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_string_type_spec(Char spec, ErrorHandler&& eh) {
+  if (spec != 0 && spec != 's') eh.on_error("invalid type specifier");
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_pointer_type_spec(Char spec, ErrorHandler&& eh) {
+  if (spec != 0 && spec != 'p') eh.on_error("invalid type specifier");
+}
+
+template <typename ErrorHandler> class int_type_checker : private ErrorHandler {
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit int_type_checker(ErrorHandler eh) : ErrorHandler(eh) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec() {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_hex() {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_bin() {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_oct() {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_num() {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_chr() {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error() {
+    ErrorHandler::on_error("invalid type specifier");
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename ErrorHandler>
+class char_specs_checker : public ErrorHandler {
+ private:
+  char type_;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR char_specs_checker(char type, ErrorHandler eh)
+      : ErrorHandler(eh), type_(type) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_int() {
+    handle_int_type_spec(type_, int_type_checker<ErrorHandler>(*this));
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_char() {}
+};
+
+template <typename ErrorHandler>
+class cstring_type_checker : public ErrorHandler {
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit cstring_type_checker(ErrorHandler eh)
+      : ErrorHandler(eh) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_string() {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_pointer() {}
+};
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+FMT_NOINLINE OutputIt fill(OutputIt it, size_t n, const fill_t<Char>& fill) {
+  auto fill_size = fill.size();
+  if (fill_size == 1) return std::fill_n(it, n, fill[0]);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) it = std::copy_n(fill.data(), fill_size, it);
+  return it;
+}
+
+// Writes the output of f, padded according to format specifications in specs.
+// size: output size in code units.
+// width: output display width in (terminal) column positions.
+template <align::type align = align::left, typename OutputIt, typename Char,
+          typename F>
+inline OutputIt write_padded(OutputIt out,
+                             const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs, size_t size,
+                             size_t width, F&& f) {
+  static_assert(align == align::left || align == align::right, "");
+  unsigned spec_width = to_unsigned(specs.width);
+  size_t padding = spec_width > width ? spec_width - width : 0;
+  auto* shifts = align == align::left ? data::left_padding_shifts
+                                      : data::right_padding_shifts;
+  size_t left_padding = padding >> shifts[specs.align];
+  auto it = reserve(out, size + padding * specs.fill.size());
+  it = fill(it, left_padding, specs.fill);
+  it = f(it);
+  it = fill(it, padding - left_padding, specs.fill);
+  return base_iterator(out, it);
+}
+
+template <align::type align = align::left, typename OutputIt, typename Char,
+          typename F>
+inline OutputIt write_padded(OutputIt out,
+                             const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs, size_t size,
+                             F&& f) {
+  return write_padded<align>(out, specs, size, size, f);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write_bytes(OutputIt out, string_view bytes,
+                     const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs) {
+  using iterator = remove_reference_t<decltype(reserve(out, 0))>;
+  return write_padded(out, specs, bytes.size(), [bytes](iterator it) {
+    const char* data = bytes.data();
+    return copy_str<Char>(data, data + bytes.size(), it);
+  });
+}
+
+// Data for write_int that doesn't depend on output iterator type. It is used to
+// avoid template code bloat.
+template <typename Char> struct write_int_data {
+  size_t size;
+  size_t padding;
+
+  write_int_data(int num_digits, string_view prefix,
+                 const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs)
+      : size(prefix.size() + to_unsigned(num_digits)), padding(0) {
+    if (specs.align == align::numeric) {
+      auto width = to_unsigned(specs.width);
+      if (width > size) {
+        padding = width - size;
+        size = width;
+      }
+    } else if (specs.precision > num_digits) {
+      size = prefix.size() + to_unsigned(specs.precision);
+      padding = to_unsigned(specs.precision - num_digits);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// Writes an integer in the format
+//   <left-padding><prefix><numeric-padding><digits><right-padding>
+// where <digits> are written by f(it).
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename F>
+OutputIt write_int(OutputIt out, int num_digits, string_view prefix,
+                   const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs, F f) {
+  auto data = write_int_data<Char>(num_digits, prefix, specs);
+  using iterator = remove_reference_t<decltype(reserve(out, 0))>;
+  return write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, data.size, [=](iterator it) {
+    if (prefix.size() != 0)
+      it = copy_str<Char>(prefix.begin(), prefix.end(), it);
+    it = std::fill_n(it, data.padding, static_cast<Char>('0'));
+    return f(it);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename StrChar, typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<StrChar> s,
+               const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs) {
+  auto data = s.data();
+  auto size = s.size();
+  if (specs.precision >= 0 && to_unsigned(specs.precision) < size)
+    size = code_point_index(s, to_unsigned(specs.precision));
+  auto width = specs.width != 0
+                   ? count_code_points(basic_string_view<StrChar>(data, size))
+                   : 0;
+  using iterator = remove_reference_t<decltype(reserve(out, 0))>;
+  return write_padded(out, specs, size, width, [=](iterator it) {
+    return copy_str<Char>(data, data + size, it);
+  });
+}
+
+// The handle_int_type_spec handler that writes an integer.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename UInt> struct int_writer {
+  OutputIt out;
+  locale_ref locale;
+  const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs;
+  UInt abs_value;
+  char prefix[4];
+  unsigned prefix_size;
+
+  using iterator =
+      remove_reference_t<decltype(reserve(std::declval<OutputIt&>(), 0))>;
+
+  string_view get_prefix() const { return string_view(prefix, prefix_size); }
+
+  template <typename Int>
+  int_writer(OutputIt output, locale_ref loc, Int value,
+             const basic_format_specs<Char>& s)
+      : out(output),
+        locale(loc),
+        specs(s),
+        abs_value(static_cast<UInt>(value)),
+        prefix_size(0) {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<Int>, UInt>::value, "");
+    if (is_negative(value)) {
+      prefix[0] = '-';
+      ++prefix_size;
+      abs_value = 0 - abs_value;
+    } else if (specs.sign != sign::none && specs.sign != sign::minus) {
+      prefix[0] = specs.sign == sign::plus ? '+' : ' ';
+      ++prefix_size;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void on_dec() {
+    auto num_digits = count_digits(abs_value);
+    out = write_int(
+        out, num_digits, get_prefix(), specs, [this, num_digits](iterator it) {
+          return format_decimal<Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits).end;
+        });
+  }
+
+  void on_hex() {
+    if (specs.alt) {
+      prefix[prefix_size++] = '0';
+      prefix[prefix_size++] = specs.type;
+    }
+    int num_digits = count_digits<4>(abs_value);
+    out = write_int(out, num_digits, get_prefix(), specs,
+                    [this, num_digits](iterator it) {
+                      return format_uint<4, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits,
+                                                  specs.type != 'x');
+                    });
+  }
+
+  void on_bin() {
+    if (specs.alt) {
+      prefix[prefix_size++] = '0';
+      prefix[prefix_size++] = static_cast<char>(specs.type);
+    }
+    int num_digits = count_digits<1>(abs_value);
+    out = write_int(out, num_digits, get_prefix(), specs,
+                    [this, num_digits](iterator it) {
+                      return format_uint<1, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits);
+                    });
+  }
+
+  void on_oct() {
+    int num_digits = count_digits<3>(abs_value);
+    if (specs.alt && specs.precision <= num_digits && abs_value != 0) {
+      // Octal prefix '0' is counted as a digit, so only add it if precision
+      // is not greater than the number of digits.
+      prefix[prefix_size++] = '0';
+    }
+    out = write_int(out, num_digits, get_prefix(), specs,
+                    [this, num_digits](iterator it) {
+                      return format_uint<3, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits);
+                    });
+  }
+
+  enum { sep_size = 1 };
+
+  void on_num() {
+    std::string groups = grouping<Char>(locale);
+    if (groups.empty()) return on_dec();
+    auto sep = thousands_sep<Char>(locale);
+    if (!sep) return on_dec();
+    int num_digits = count_digits(abs_value);
+    int size = num_digits, n = num_digits;
+    std::string::const_iterator group = groups.cbegin();
+    while (group != groups.cend() && n > *group && *group > 0 &&
+           *group != max_value<char>()) {
+      size += sep_size;
+      n -= *group;
+      ++group;
+    }
+    if (group == groups.cend()) size += sep_size * ((n - 1) / groups.back());
+    char digits[40];
+    format_decimal(digits, abs_value, num_digits);
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+    size += static_cast<int>(prefix_size);
+    const auto usize = to_unsigned(size);
+    buffer.resize(usize);
+    basic_string_view<Char> s(&sep, sep_size);
+    // Index of a decimal digit with the least significant digit having index 0.
+    int digit_index = 0;
+    group = groups.cbegin();
+    auto p = buffer.data() + size - 1;
+    for (int i = num_digits - 1; i > 0; --i) {
+      *p-- = static_cast<Char>(digits[i]);
+      if (*group <= 0 || ++digit_index % *group != 0 ||
+          *group == max_value<char>())
+        continue;
+      if (group + 1 != groups.cend()) {
+        digit_index = 0;
+        ++group;
+      }
+      std::uninitialized_copy(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(),
+                              make_checked(p, s.size()));
+      p -= s.size();
+    }
+    *p-- = static_cast<Char>(*digits);
+    if (prefix_size != 0) *p = static_cast<Char>('-');
+    auto data = buffer.data();
+    out = write_padded<align::right>(
+        out, specs, usize, usize,
+        [=](iterator it) { return copy_str<Char>(data, data + size, it); });
+  }
+
+  void on_chr() { *out++ = static_cast<Char>(abs_value); }
+
+  FMT_NORETURN void on_error() {
+    FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid type specifier"));
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write_nonfinite(OutputIt out, bool isinf,
+                         const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                         const float_specs& fspecs) {
+  auto str =
+      isinf ? (fspecs.upper ? "INF" : "inf") : (fspecs.upper ? "NAN" : "nan");
+  constexpr size_t str_size = 3;
+  auto sign = fspecs.sign;
+  auto size = str_size + (sign ? 1 : 0);
+  using iterator = remove_reference_t<decltype(reserve(out, 0))>;
+  return write_padded(out, specs, size, [=](iterator it) {
+    if (sign) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[sign]);
+    return copy_str<Char>(str, str + str_size, it);
+  });
+}
+
+// A decimal floating-point number significand * pow(10, exp).
+struct big_decimal_fp {
+  const char* significand;
+  int significand_size;
+  int exponent;
+};
+
+inline int get_significand_size(const big_decimal_fp& fp) {
+  return fp.significand_size;
+}
+template <typename T>
+inline int get_significand_size(const dragonbox::decimal_fp<T>& fp) {
+  return count_digits(fp.significand);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+inline OutputIt write_significand(OutputIt out, const char* significand,
+                                  int& significand_size) {
+  return copy_str<Char>(significand, significand + significand_size, out);
+}
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename UInt>
+inline OutputIt write_significand(OutputIt out, UInt significand,
+                                  int significand_size) {
+  return format_decimal<Char>(out, significand, significand_size).end;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename UInt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<UInt>::value)>
+inline Char* write_significand(Char* out, UInt significand,
+                               int significand_size, int integral_size,
+                               Char decimal_point) {
+  if (!decimal_point)
+    return format_decimal(out, significand, significand_size).end;
+  auto end = format_decimal(out + 1, significand, significand_size).end;
+  if (integral_size == 1)
+    out[0] = out[1];
+  else
+    std::copy_n(out + 1, integral_size, out);
+  out[integral_size] = decimal_point;
+  return end;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename UInt, typename Char,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_pointer<remove_cvref_t<OutputIt>>::value)>
+inline OutputIt write_significand(OutputIt out, UInt significand,
+                                  int significand_size, int integral_size,
+                                  Char decimal_point) {
+  // Buffer is large enough to hold digits (digits10 + 1) and a decimal point.
+  Char buffer[digits10<UInt>() + 2];
+  auto end = write_significand(buffer, significand, significand_size,
+                               integral_size, decimal_point);
+  return detail::copy_str<Char>(buffer, end, out);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+inline OutputIt write_significand(OutputIt out, const char* significand,
+                                  int significand_size, int integral_size,
+                                  Char decimal_point) {
+  out = detail::copy_str<Char>(significand, significand + integral_size, out);
+  if (!decimal_point) return out;
+  *out++ = decimal_point;
+  return detail::copy_str<Char>(significand + integral_size,
+                                significand + significand_size, out);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename DecimalFP, typename Char>
+OutputIt write_float(OutputIt out, const DecimalFP& fp,
+                     const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs, float_specs fspecs,
+                     Char decimal_point) {
+  auto significand = fp.significand;
+  int significand_size = get_significand_size(fp);
+  static const Char zero = static_cast<Char>('0');
+  auto sign = fspecs.sign;
+  size_t size = to_unsigned(significand_size) + (sign ? 1 : 0);
+  using iterator = remove_reference_t<decltype(reserve(out, 0))>;
+
+  int output_exp = fp.exponent + significand_size - 1;
+  auto use_exp_format = [=]() {
+    if (fspecs.format == float_format::exp) return true;
+    if (fspecs.format != float_format::general) return false;
+    // Use the fixed notation if the exponent is in [exp_lower, exp_upper),
+    // e.g. 0.0001 instead of 1e-04. Otherwise use the exponent notation.
+    const int exp_lower = -4, exp_upper = 16;
+    return output_exp < exp_lower ||
+           output_exp >= (fspecs.precision > 0 ? fspecs.precision : exp_upper);
+  };
+  if (use_exp_format()) {
+    int num_zeros = 0;
+    if (fspecs.showpoint) {
+      num_zeros = (std::max)(fspecs.precision - significand_size, 0);
+      size += to_unsigned(num_zeros);
+    } else if (significand_size == 1) {
+      decimal_point = Char();
+    }
+    auto abs_output_exp = output_exp >= 0 ? output_exp : -output_exp;
+    int exp_digits = 2;
+    if (abs_output_exp >= 100) exp_digits = abs_output_exp >= 1000 ? 4 : 3;
+
+    size += to_unsigned((decimal_point ? 1 : 0) + 2 + exp_digits);
+    char exp_char = fspecs.upper ? 'E' : 'e';
+    auto write = [=](iterator it) {
+      if (sign) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[sign]);
+      // Insert a decimal point after the first digit and add an exponent.
+      it = write_significand(it, significand, significand_size, 1,
+                             decimal_point);
+      if (num_zeros > 0) it = std::fill_n(it, num_zeros, zero);
+      *it++ = static_cast<Char>(exp_char);
+      return write_exponent<Char>(output_exp, it);
+    };
+    return specs.width > 0 ? write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, write)
+                           : base_iterator(out, write(reserve(out, size)));
+  }
+
+  int exp = fp.exponent + significand_size;
+  if (fp.exponent >= 0) {
+    // 1234e5 -> 123400000[.0+]
+    size += to_unsigned(fp.exponent);
+    int num_zeros = fspecs.precision - exp;
+#ifdef FMT_FUZZ
+    if (num_zeros > 5000)
+      throw std::runtime_error("fuzz mode - avoiding excessive cpu use");
+#endif
+    if (fspecs.showpoint) {
+      if (num_zeros <= 0 && fspecs.format != float_format::fixed) num_zeros = 1;
+      if (num_zeros > 0) size += to_unsigned(num_zeros);
+    }
+    return write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
+      if (sign) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[sign]);
+      it = write_significand<Char>(it, significand, significand_size);
+      it = std::fill_n(it, fp.exponent, zero);
+      if (!fspecs.showpoint) return it;
+      *it++ = decimal_point;
+      return num_zeros > 0 ? std::fill_n(it, num_zeros, zero) : it;
+    });
+  } else if (exp > 0) {
+    // 1234e-2 -> 12.34[0+]
+    int num_zeros = fspecs.showpoint ? fspecs.precision - significand_size : 0;
+    size += 1 + to_unsigned(num_zeros > 0 ? num_zeros : 0);
+    return write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
+      if (sign) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[sign]);
+      it = write_significand(it, significand, significand_size, exp,
+                             decimal_point);
+      return num_zeros > 0 ? std::fill_n(it, num_zeros, zero) : it;
+    });
+  }
+  // 1234e-6 -> 0.001234
+  int num_zeros = -exp;
+  if (significand_size == 0 && fspecs.precision >= 0 &&
+      fspecs.precision < num_zeros) {
+    num_zeros = fspecs.precision;
+  }
+  size += 2 + to_unsigned(num_zeros);
+  return write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
+    if (sign) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[sign]);
+    *it++ = zero;
+    if (num_zeros == 0 && significand_size == 0 && !fspecs.showpoint) return it;
+    *it++ = decimal_point;
+    it = std::fill_n(it, num_zeros, zero);
+    return write_significand<Char>(it, significand, significand_size);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value, basic_format_specs<Char> specs,
+               locale_ref loc = {}) {
+  if (const_check(!is_supported_floating_point(value))) return out;
+  float_specs fspecs = parse_float_type_spec(specs);
+  fspecs.sign = specs.sign;
+  if (std::signbit(value)) {  // value < 0 is false for NaN so use signbit.
+    fspecs.sign = sign::minus;
+    value = -value;
+  } else if (fspecs.sign == sign::minus) {
+    fspecs.sign = sign::none;
+  }
+
+  if (!std::isfinite(value))
+    return write_nonfinite(out, std::isinf(value), specs, fspecs);
+
+  if (specs.align == align::numeric && fspecs.sign) {
+    auto it = reserve(out, 1);
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[fspecs.sign]);
+    out = base_iterator(out, it);
+    fspecs.sign = sign::none;
+    if (specs.width != 0) --specs.width;
+  }
+
+  memory_buffer buffer;
+  if (fspecs.format == float_format::hex) {
+    if (fspecs.sign) buffer.push_back(data::signs[fspecs.sign]);
+    snprintf_float(promote_float(value), specs.precision, fspecs, buffer);
+    return write_bytes(out, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()}, specs);
+  }
+  int precision = specs.precision >= 0 || !specs.type ? specs.precision : 6;
+  if (fspecs.format == float_format::exp) {
+    if (precision == max_value<int>())
+      FMT_THROW(format_error("number is too big"));
+    else
+      ++precision;
+  }
+  if (const_check(std::is_same<T, float>())) fspecs.binary32 = true;
+  fspecs.use_grisu = is_fast_float<T>();
+  int exp = format_float(promote_float(value), precision, fspecs, buffer);
+  fspecs.precision = precision;
+  Char point =
+      fspecs.locale ? decimal_point<Char>(loc) : static_cast<Char>('.');
+  auto fp = big_decimal_fp{buffer.data(), static_cast<int>(buffer.size()), exp};
+  return write_float(out, fp, specs, fspecs, point);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_fast_float<T>::value)>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value) {
+  if (const_check(!is_supported_floating_point(value))) return out;
+
+  using floaty = conditional_t<std::is_same<T, long double>::value, double, T>;
+  using uint = typename dragonbox::float_info<floaty>::carrier_uint;
+  auto bits = bit_cast<uint>(value);
+
+  auto fspecs = float_specs();
+  auto sign_bit = bits & (uint(1) << (num_bits<uint>() - 1));
+  if (sign_bit != 0) {
+    fspecs.sign = sign::minus;
+    value = -value;
+  }
+
+  static const auto specs = basic_format_specs<Char>();
+  uint mask = exponent_mask<floaty>();
+  if ((bits & mask) == mask)
+    return write_nonfinite(out, std::isinf(value), specs, fspecs);
+
+  auto dec = dragonbox::to_decimal(static_cast<floaty>(value));
+  return write_float(out, dec, specs, fspecs, static_cast<Char>('.'));
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value &&
+                        !is_fast_float<T>::value)>
+inline OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value) {
+  return write(out, value, basic_format_specs<Char>());
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write_char(OutputIt out, Char value,
+                    const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs) {
+  using iterator = remove_reference_t<decltype(reserve(out, 0))>;
+  return write_padded(out, specs, 1, [=](iterator it) {
+    *it++ = value;
+    return it;
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename UIntPtr>
+OutputIt write_ptr(OutputIt out, UIntPtr value,
+                   const basic_format_specs<Char>* specs) {
+  int num_digits = count_digits<4>(value);
+  auto size = to_unsigned(num_digits) + size_t(2);
+  using iterator = remove_reference_t<decltype(reserve(out, 0))>;
+  auto write = [=](iterator it) {
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>('0');
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>('x');
+    return format_uint<4, Char>(it, value, num_digits);
+  };
+  return specs ? write_padded<align::right>(out, *specs, size, write)
+               : base_iterator(out, write(reserve(out, size)));
+}
+
+template <typename T> struct is_integral : std::is_integral<T> {};
+template <> struct is_integral<int128_t> : std::true_type {};
+template <> struct is_integral<uint128_t> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, monostate) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(false, "");
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, string_view value) {
+  auto it = reserve(out, value.size());
+  it = copy_str<Char>(value.begin(), value.end(), it);
+  return base_iterator(out, it);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<Char> value) {
+  auto it = reserve(out, value.size());
+  it = std::copy(value.begin(), value.end(), it);
+  return base_iterator(out, it);
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+buffer_appender<Char> write(buffer_appender<Char> out,
+                            basic_string_view<Char> value) {
+  get_container(out).append(value.begin(), value.end());
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integral<T>::value &&
+                        !std::is_same<T, bool>::value &&
+                        !std::is_same<T, Char>::value)>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value) {
+  auto abs_value = static_cast<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<T>>(value);
+  bool negative = is_negative(value);
+  // Don't do -abs_value since it trips unsigned-integer-overflow sanitizer.
+  if (negative) abs_value = ~abs_value + 1;
+  int num_digits = count_digits(abs_value);
+  auto size = (negative ? 1 : 0) + static_cast<size_t>(num_digits);
+  auto it = reserve(out, size);
+  if (auto ptr = to_pointer<Char>(it, size)) {
+    if (negative) *ptr++ = static_cast<Char>('-');
+    format_decimal<Char>(ptr, abs_value, num_digits);
+    return out;
+  }
+  if (negative) *it++ = static_cast<Char>('-');
+  it = format_decimal<Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits).end;
+  return base_iterator(out, it);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, bool value) {
+  return write<Char>(out, string_view(value ? "true" : "false"));
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, Char value) {
+  auto it = reserve(out, 1);
+  *it++ = value;
+  return base_iterator(out, it);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, const Char* value) {
+  if (!value) {
+    FMT_THROW(format_error("string pointer is null"));
+  } else {
+    auto length = std::char_traits<Char>::length(value);
+    out = write(out, basic_string_view<Char>(value, length));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, const void* value) {
+  return write_ptr<Char>(out, to_uintptr(value), nullptr);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T>
+auto write(OutputIt out, const T& value) -> typename std::enable_if<
+    mapped_type_constant<T, basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>>::value ==
+        type::custom_type,
+    OutputIt>::type {
+  using context_type = basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>;
+  using formatter_type =
+      conditional_t<has_formatter<T, context_type>::value,
+                    typename context_type::template formatter_type<T>,
+                    fallback_formatter<T, Char>>;
+  context_type ctx(out, {}, {});
+  return formatter_type().format(value, ctx);
+}
+
+// An argument visitor that formats the argument and writes it via the output
+// iterator. It's a class and not a generic lambda for compatibility with C++11.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> struct default_arg_formatter {
+  using context = basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>;
+
+  OutputIt out;
+  basic_format_args<context> args;
+  locale_ref loc;
+
+  template <typename T> OutputIt operator()(T value) {
+    return write<Char>(out, value);
+  }
+
+  OutputIt operator()(typename basic_format_arg<context>::handle handle) {
+    basic_format_parse_context<Char> parse_ctx({});
+    basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char> format_ctx(out, args, loc);
+    handle.format(parse_ctx, format_ctx);
+    return format_ctx.out();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char,
+          typename ErrorHandler = error_handler>
+class arg_formatter_base {
+ public:
+  using iterator = OutputIt;
+  using char_type = Char;
+  using format_specs = basic_format_specs<Char>;
+
+ private:
+  iterator out_;
+  locale_ref locale_;
+  format_specs* specs_;
+
+  // Attempts to reserve space for n extra characters in the output range.
+  // Returns a pointer to the reserved range or a reference to out_.
+  auto reserve(size_t n) -> decltype(detail::reserve(out_, n)) {
+    return detail::reserve(out_, n);
+  }
+
+  using reserve_iterator = remove_reference_t<decltype(
+      detail::reserve(std::declval<iterator&>(), 0))>;
+
+  template <typename T> void write_int(T value, const format_specs& spec) {
+    using uint_type = uint32_or_64_or_128_t<T>;
+    int_writer<iterator, Char, uint_type> w(out_, locale_, value, spec);
+    handle_int_type_spec(spec.type, w);
+    out_ = w.out;
+  }
+
+  void write(char value) {
+    auto&& it = reserve(1);
+    *it++ = value;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Ch, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<Ch, Char>::value)>
+  void write(Ch value) {
+    out_ = detail::write<Char>(out_, value);
+  }
+
+  void write(string_view value) {
+    auto&& it = reserve(value.size());
+    it = copy_str<Char>(value.begin(), value.end(), it);
+  }
+  void write(wstring_view value) {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<Char, wchar_t>::value, "");
+    auto&& it = reserve(value.size());
+    it = std::copy(value.begin(), value.end(), it);
+  }
+
+  template <typename Ch>
+  void write(const Ch* s, size_t size, const format_specs& specs) {
+    auto width = specs.width != 0
+                     ? count_code_points(basic_string_view<Ch>(s, size))
+                     : 0;
+    out_ = write_padded(out_, specs, size, width, [=](reserve_iterator it) {
+      return copy_str<Char>(s, s + size, it);
+    });
+  }
+
+  template <typename Ch>
+  void write(basic_string_view<Ch> s, const format_specs& specs = {}) {
+    out_ = detail::write(out_, s, specs);
+  }
+
+  void write_pointer(const void* p) {
+    out_ = write_ptr<char_type>(out_, to_uintptr(p), specs_);
+  }
+
+  struct char_spec_handler : ErrorHandler {
+    arg_formatter_base& formatter;
+    Char value;
+
+    char_spec_handler(arg_formatter_base& f, Char val)
+        : formatter(f), value(val) {}
+
+    void on_int() {
+      // char is only formatted as int if there are specs.
+      formatter.write_int(static_cast<int>(value), *formatter.specs_);
+    }
+    void on_char() {
+      if (formatter.specs_)
+        formatter.out_ = write_char(formatter.out_, value, *formatter.specs_);
+      else
+        formatter.write(value);
+    }
+  };
+
+  struct cstring_spec_handler : error_handler {
+    arg_formatter_base& formatter;
+    const Char* value;
+
+    cstring_spec_handler(arg_formatter_base& f, const Char* val)
+        : formatter(f), value(val) {}
+
+    void on_string() { formatter.write(value); }
+    void on_pointer() { formatter.write_pointer(value); }
+  };
+
+ protected:
+  iterator out() { return out_; }
+  format_specs* specs() { return specs_; }
+
+  void write(bool value) {
+    if (specs_)
+      write(string_view(value ? "true" : "false"), *specs_);
+    else
+      out_ = detail::write<Char>(out_, value);
+  }
+
+  void write(const Char* value) {
+    if (!value) {
+      FMT_THROW(format_error("string pointer is null"));
+    } else {
+      auto length = std::char_traits<char_type>::length(value);
+      basic_string_view<char_type> sv(value, length);
+      specs_ ? write(sv, *specs_) : write(sv);
+    }
+  }
+
+ public:
+  arg_formatter_base(OutputIt out, format_specs* s, locale_ref loc)
+      : out_(out), locale_(loc), specs_(s) {}
+
+  iterator operator()(monostate) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(false, "invalid argument type");
+    return out_;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integral<T>::value)>
+  FMT_INLINE iterator operator()(T value) {
+    if (specs_)
+      write_int(value, *specs_);
+    else
+      out_ = detail::write<Char>(out_, value);
+    return out_;
+  }
+
+  iterator operator()(Char value) {
+    handle_char_specs(specs_,
+                      char_spec_handler(*this, static_cast<Char>(value)));
+    return out_;
+  }
+
+  iterator operator()(bool value) {
+    if (specs_ && specs_->type) return (*this)(value ? 1 : 0);
+    write(value != 0);
+    return out_;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+  iterator operator()(T value) {
+    auto specs = specs_ ? *specs_ : format_specs();
+    if (const_check(is_supported_floating_point(value)))
+      out_ = detail::write(out_, value, specs, locale_);
+    else
+      FMT_ASSERT(false, "unsupported float argument type");
+    return out_;
+  }
+
+  iterator operator()(const Char* value) {
+    if (!specs_) return write(value), out_;
+    handle_cstring_type_spec(specs_->type, cstring_spec_handler(*this, value));
+    return out_;
+  }
+
+  iterator operator()(basic_string_view<Char> value) {
+    if (specs_) {
+      check_string_type_spec(specs_->type, error_handler());
+      write(value, *specs_);
+    } else {
+      write(value);
+    }
+    return out_;
+  }
+
+  iterator operator()(const void* value) {
+    if (specs_) check_pointer_type_spec(specs_->type, error_handler());
+    write_pointer(value);
+    return out_;
+  }
+};
+
+/** The default argument formatter. */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+class arg_formatter : public arg_formatter_base<OutputIt, Char> {
+ private:
+  using char_type = Char;
+  using base = arg_formatter_base<OutputIt, Char>;
+  using context_type = basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>;
+
+  context_type& ctx_;
+  basic_format_parse_context<char_type>* parse_ctx_;
+  const Char* ptr_;
+
+ public:
+  using iterator = typename base::iterator;
+  using format_specs = typename base::format_specs;
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Constructs an argument formatter object.
+    *ctx* is a reference to the formatting context,
+    *specs* contains format specifier information for standard argument types.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  explicit arg_formatter(
+      context_type& ctx,
+      basic_format_parse_context<char_type>* parse_ctx = nullptr,
+      format_specs* specs = nullptr, const Char* ptr = nullptr)
+      : base(ctx.out(), specs, ctx.locale()),
+        ctx_(ctx),
+        parse_ctx_(parse_ctx),
+        ptr_(ptr) {}
+
+  using base::operator();
+
+  /** Formats an argument of a user-defined type. */
+  iterator operator()(typename basic_format_arg<context_type>::handle handle) {
+    if (ptr_) advance_to(*parse_ctx_, ptr_);
+    handle.format(*parse_ctx_, ctx_);
+    return ctx_.out();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char> FMT_CONSTEXPR bool is_name_start(Char c) {
+  return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || '_' == c;
+}
+
+// Parses the range [begin, end) as an unsigned integer. This function assumes
+// that the range is non-empty and the first character is a digit.
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR int parse_nonnegative_int(const Char*& begin, const Char* end,
+                                        ErrorHandler&& eh) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end && '0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9', "");
+  unsigned value = 0;
+  // Convert to unsigned to prevent a warning.
+  constexpr unsigned max_int = max_value<int>();
+  unsigned big = max_int / 10;
+  do {
+    // Check for overflow.
+    if (value > big) {
+      value = max_int + 1;
+      break;
+    }
+    value = value * 10 + unsigned(*begin - '0');
+    ++begin;
+  } while (begin != end && '0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9');
+  if (value > max_int) eh.on_error("number is too big");
+  return static_cast<int>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename Context> class custom_formatter {
+ private:
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  basic_format_parse_context<char_type>& parse_ctx_;
+  Context& ctx_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit custom_formatter(basic_format_parse_context<char_type>& parse_ctx,
+                            Context& ctx)
+      : parse_ctx_(parse_ctx), ctx_(ctx) {}
+
+  void operator()(typename basic_format_arg<Context>::handle h) const {
+    h.format(parse_ctx_, ctx_);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T> void operator()(T) const {}
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_integer =
+    bool_constant<is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, bool>::value &&
+                  !std::is_same<T, char>::value &&
+                  !std::is_same<T, wchar_t>::value>;
+
+template <typename ErrorHandler> class width_checker {
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR width_checker(ErrorHandler& eh) : handler_(eh) {}
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integer<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned long long operator()(T value) {
+    if (is_negative(value)) handler_.on_error("negative width");
+    return static_cast<unsigned long long>(value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_integer<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned long long operator()(T) {
+    handler_.on_error("width is not integer");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ErrorHandler& handler_;
+};
+
+template <typename ErrorHandler> class precision_checker {
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR precision_checker(ErrorHandler& eh) : handler_(eh) {}
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integer<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned long long operator()(T value) {
+    if (is_negative(value)) handler_.on_error("negative precision");
+    return static_cast<unsigned long long>(value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_integer<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned long long operator()(T) {
+    handler_.on_error("precision is not integer");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ErrorHandler& handler_;
+};
+
+// A format specifier handler that sets fields in basic_format_specs.
+template <typename Char> class specs_setter {
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR specs_setter(basic_format_specs<Char>& specs)
+      : specs_(specs) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR specs_setter(const specs_setter& other)
+      : specs_(other.specs_) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_align(align_t align) { specs_.align = align; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_fill(basic_string_view<Char> fill) {
+    specs_.fill = fill;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_plus() { specs_.sign = sign::plus; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_minus() { specs_.sign = sign::minus; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_space() { specs_.sign = sign::space; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_hash() { specs_.alt = true; }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_zero() {
+    specs_.align = align::numeric;
+    specs_.fill[0] = Char('0');
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_width(int width) { specs_.width = width; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_precision(int precision) {
+    specs_.precision = precision;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void end_precision() {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_type(Char type) {
+    specs_.type = static_cast<char>(type);
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  basic_format_specs<Char>& specs_;
+};
+
+template <typename ErrorHandler> class numeric_specs_checker {
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR numeric_specs_checker(ErrorHandler& eh, detail::type arg_type)
+      : error_handler_(eh), arg_type_(arg_type) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void require_numeric_argument() {
+    if (!is_arithmetic_type(arg_type_))
+      error_handler_.on_error("format specifier requires numeric argument");
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_sign() {
+    require_numeric_argument();
+    if (is_integral_type(arg_type_) && arg_type_ != type::int_type &&
+        arg_type_ != type::long_long_type && arg_type_ != type::char_type) {
+      error_handler_.on_error("format specifier requires signed argument");
+    }
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_precision() {
+    if (is_integral_type(arg_type_) || arg_type_ == type::pointer_type)
+      error_handler_.on_error("precision not allowed for this argument type");
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ErrorHandler& error_handler_;
+  detail::type arg_type_;
+};
+
+// A format specifier handler that checks if specifiers are consistent with the
+// argument type.
+template <typename Handler> class specs_checker : public Handler {
+ private:
+  numeric_specs_checker<Handler> checker_;
+
+  // Suppress an MSVC warning about using this in initializer list.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR Handler& error_handler() { return *this; }
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR specs_checker(const Handler& handler, detail::type arg_type)
+      : Handler(handler), checker_(error_handler(), arg_type) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR specs_checker(const specs_checker& other)
+      : Handler(other), checker_(error_handler(), other.arg_type_) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_align(align_t align) {
+    if (align == align::numeric) checker_.require_numeric_argument();
+    Handler::on_align(align);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_plus() {
+    checker_.check_sign();
+    Handler::on_plus();
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_minus() {
+    checker_.check_sign();
+    Handler::on_minus();
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_space() {
+    checker_.check_sign();
+    Handler::on_space();
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_hash() {
+    checker_.require_numeric_argument();
+    Handler::on_hash();
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_zero() {
+    checker_.require_numeric_argument();
+    Handler::on_zero();
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void end_precision() { checker_.check_precision(); }
+};
+
+template <template <typename> class Handler, typename FormatArg,
+          typename ErrorHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR int get_dynamic_spec(FormatArg arg, ErrorHandler eh) {
+  unsigned long long value = visit_format_arg(Handler<ErrorHandler>(eh), arg);
+  if (value > to_unsigned(max_value<int>())) eh.on_error("number is too big");
+  return static_cast<int>(value);
+}
+
+struct auto_id {};
+
+template <typename Context, typename ID>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR typename Context::format_arg get_arg(Context& ctx, ID id) {
+  auto arg = ctx.arg(id);
+  if (!arg) ctx.on_error("argument not found");
+  return arg;
+}
+
+// The standard format specifier handler with checking.
+template <typename ParseContext, typename Context>
+class specs_handler : public specs_setter<typename Context::char_type> {
+ public:
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR specs_handler(basic_format_specs<char_type>& specs,
+                              ParseContext& parse_ctx, Context& ctx)
+      : specs_setter<char_type>(specs),
+        parse_context_(parse_ctx),
+        context_(ctx) {}
+
+  template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_width(Id arg_id) {
+    this->specs_.width = get_dynamic_spec<width_checker>(
+        get_arg(arg_id), context_.error_handler());
+  }
+
+  template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_precision(Id arg_id) {
+    this->specs_.precision = get_dynamic_spec<precision_checker>(
+        get_arg(arg_id), context_.error_handler());
+  }
+
+  void on_error(const char* message) { context_.on_error(message); }
+
+ private:
+  // This is only needed for compatibility with gcc 4.4.
+  using format_arg = typename Context::format_arg;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR format_arg get_arg(auto_id) {
+    return detail::get_arg(context_, parse_context_.next_arg_id());
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR format_arg get_arg(int arg_id) {
+    parse_context_.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+    return detail::get_arg(context_, arg_id);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR format_arg get_arg(basic_string_view<char_type> arg_id) {
+    parse_context_.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+    return detail::get_arg(context_, arg_id);
+  }
+
+  ParseContext& parse_context_;
+  Context& context_;
+};
+
+enum class arg_id_kind { none, index, name };
+
+// An argument reference.
+template <typename Char> struct arg_ref {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref() : kind(arg_id_kind::none), val() {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit arg_ref(int index)
+      : kind(arg_id_kind::index), val(index) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit arg_ref(basic_string_view<Char> name)
+      : kind(arg_id_kind::name), val(name) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref& operator=(int idx) {
+    kind = arg_id_kind::index;
+    val.index = idx;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  arg_id_kind kind;
+  union value {
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR value(int id = 0) : index{id} {}
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR value(basic_string_view<Char> n) : name(n) {}
+
+    int index;
+    basic_string_view<Char> name;
+  } val;
+};
+
+// Format specifiers with width and precision resolved at formatting rather
+// than parsing time to allow re-using the same parsed specifiers with
+// different sets of arguments (precompilation of format strings).
+template <typename Char>
+struct dynamic_format_specs : basic_format_specs<Char> {
+  arg_ref<Char> width_ref;
+  arg_ref<Char> precision_ref;
+};
+
+// Format spec handler that saves references to arguments representing dynamic
+// width and precision to be resolved at formatting time.
+template <typename ParseContext>
+class dynamic_specs_handler
+    : public specs_setter<typename ParseContext::char_type> {
+ public:
+  using char_type = typename ParseContext::char_type;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR dynamic_specs_handler(dynamic_format_specs<char_type>& specs,
+                                      ParseContext& ctx)
+      : specs_setter<char_type>(specs), specs_(specs), context_(ctx) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR dynamic_specs_handler(const dynamic_specs_handler& other)
+      : specs_setter<char_type>(other),
+        specs_(other.specs_),
+        context_(other.context_) {}
+
+  template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_width(Id arg_id) {
+    specs_.width_ref = make_arg_ref(arg_id);
+  }
+
+  template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_precision(Id arg_id) {
+    specs_.precision_ref = make_arg_ref(arg_id);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    context_.on_error(message);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  using arg_ref_type = arg_ref<char_type>;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(int arg_id) {
+    context_.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+    return arg_ref_type(arg_id);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(auto_id) {
+    return arg_ref_type(context_.next_arg_id());
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(basic_string_view<char_type> arg_id) {
+    context_.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+    basic_string_view<char_type> format_str(
+        context_.begin(), to_unsigned(context_.end() - context_.begin()));
+    return arg_ref_type(arg_id);
+  }
+
+  dynamic_format_specs<char_type>& specs_;
+  ParseContext& context_;
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename IDHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_arg_id(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                       IDHandler&& handler) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
+  Char c = *begin;
+  if (c == '}' || c == ':') {
+    handler();
+    return begin;
+  }
+  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+    int index = 0;
+    if (c != '0')
+      index = parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, handler);
+    else
+      ++begin;
+    if (begin == end || (*begin != '}' && *begin != ':'))
+      handler.on_error("invalid format string");
+    else
+      handler(index);
+    return begin;
+  }
+  if (!is_name_start(c)) {
+    handler.on_error("invalid format string");
+    return begin;
+  }
+  auto it = begin;
+  do {
+    ++it;
+  } while (it != end && (is_name_start(c = *it) || ('0' <= c && c <= '9')));
+  handler(basic_string_view<Char>(begin, to_unsigned(it - begin)));
+  return it;
+}
+
+// Adapts SpecHandler to IDHandler API for dynamic width.
+template <typename SpecHandler, typename Char> struct width_adapter {
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR width_adapter(SpecHandler& h) : handler(h) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()() { handler.on_dynamic_width(auto_id()); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(int id) { handler.on_dynamic_width(id); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+    handler.on_dynamic_width(id);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    handler.on_error(message);
+  }
+
+  SpecHandler& handler;
+};
+
+// Adapts SpecHandler to IDHandler API for dynamic precision.
+template <typename SpecHandler, typename Char> struct precision_adapter {
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR precision_adapter(SpecHandler& h) : handler(h) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()() { handler.on_dynamic_precision(auto_id()); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(int id) { handler.on_dynamic_precision(id); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+    handler.on_dynamic_precision(id);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    handler.on_error(message);
+  }
+
+  SpecHandler& handler;
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR int code_point_length(const Char* begin) {
+  if (const_check(sizeof(Char) != 1)) return 1;
+  constexpr char lengths[] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+                              0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 0};
+  int len = lengths[static_cast<unsigned char>(*begin) >> 3];
+
+  // Compute the pointer to the next character early so that the next
+  // iteration can start working on the next character. Neither Clang
+  // nor GCC figure out this reordering on their own.
+  return len + !len;
+}
+
+template <typename Char> constexpr bool is_ascii_letter(Char c) {
+  return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z');
+}
+
+// Converts a character to ASCII. Returns a number > 127 on conversion failure.
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Char>::value)>
+constexpr Char to_ascii(Char value) {
+  return value;
+}
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_enum<Char>::value)>
+constexpr typename std::underlying_type<Char>::type to_ascii(Char value) {
+  return value;
+}
+
+// Parses fill and alignment.
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_align(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                      Handler&& handler) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
+  auto align = align::none;
+  auto p = begin + code_point_length(begin);
+  if (p >= end) p = begin;
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (to_ascii(*p)) {
+    case '<':
+      align = align::left;
+      break;
+    case '>':
+      align = align::right;
+      break;
+#if FMT_DEPRECATED_NUMERIC_ALIGN
+    case '=':
+      align = align::numeric;
+      break;
+#endif
+    case '^':
+      align = align::center;
+      break;
+    }
+    if (align != align::none) {
+      if (p != begin) {
+        auto c = *begin;
+        if (c == '{')
+          return handler.on_error("invalid fill character '{'"), begin;
+        handler.on_fill(basic_string_view<Char>(begin, to_unsigned(p - begin)));
+        begin = p + 1;
+      } else
+        ++begin;
+      handler.on_align(align);
+      break;
+    } else if (p == begin) {
+      break;
+    }
+    p = begin;
+  }
+  return begin;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_width(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                      Handler&& handler) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
+  if ('0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9') {
+    handler.on_width(parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, handler));
+  } else if (*begin == '{') {
+    ++begin;
+    if (begin != end)
+      begin = parse_arg_id(begin, end, width_adapter<Handler, Char>(handler));
+    if (begin == end || *begin != '}')
+      return handler.on_error("invalid format string"), begin;
+    ++begin;
+  }
+  return begin;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_precision(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                          Handler&& handler) {
+  ++begin;
+  auto c = begin != end ? *begin : Char();
+  if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
+    handler.on_precision(parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, handler));
+  } else if (c == '{') {
+    ++begin;
+    if (begin != end) {
+      begin =
+          parse_arg_id(begin, end, precision_adapter<Handler, Char>(handler));
+    }
+    if (begin == end || *begin++ != '}')
+      return handler.on_error("invalid format string"), begin;
+  } else {
+    return handler.on_error("missing precision specifier"), begin;
+  }
+  handler.end_precision();
+  return begin;
+}
+
+// Parses standard format specifiers and sends notifications about parsed
+// components to handler.
+template <typename Char, typename SpecHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_format_specs(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                             SpecHandler&& handler) {
+  if (begin == end) return begin;
+
+  begin = parse_align(begin, end, handler);
+  if (begin == end) return begin;
+
+  // Parse sign.
+  switch (to_ascii(*begin)) {
+  case '+':
+    handler.on_plus();
+    ++begin;
+    break;
+  case '-':
+    handler.on_minus();
+    ++begin;
+    break;
+  case ' ':
+    handler.on_space();
+    ++begin;
+    break;
+  }
+  if (begin == end) return begin;
+
+  if (*begin == '#') {
+    handler.on_hash();
+    if (++begin == end) return begin;
+  }
+
+  // Parse zero flag.
+  if (*begin == '0') {
+    handler.on_zero();
+    if (++begin == end) return begin;
+  }
+
+  begin = parse_width(begin, end, handler);
+  if (begin == end) return begin;
+
+  // Parse precision.
+  if (*begin == '.') {
+    begin = parse_precision(begin, end, handler);
+  }
+
+  // Parse type.
+  if (begin != end && *begin != '}') handler.on_type(*begin++);
+  return begin;
+}
+
+// Return the result via the out param to workaround gcc bug 77539.
+template <bool IS_CONSTEXPR, typename T, typename Ptr = const T*>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR bool find(Ptr first, Ptr last, T value, Ptr& out) {
+  for (out = first; out != last; ++out) {
+    if (*out == value) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline bool find<false, char>(const char* first, const char* last, char value,
+                              const char*& out) {
+  out = static_cast<const char*>(
+      std::memchr(first, value, detail::to_unsigned(last - first)));
+  return out != nullptr;
+}
+
+template <typename Handler, typename Char> struct id_adapter {
+  Handler& handler;
+  int arg_id;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()() { arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(int id) { arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(id); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+    arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(id);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    handler.on_error(message);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_replacement_field(const Char* begin,
+                                                  const Char* end,
+                                                  Handler&& handler) {
+  ++begin;
+  if (begin == end) return handler.on_error("invalid format string"), end;
+  if (*begin == '}') {
+    handler.on_replacement_field(handler.on_arg_id(), begin);
+  } else if (*begin == '{') {
+    handler.on_text(begin, begin + 1);
+  } else {
+    auto adapter = id_adapter<Handler, Char>{handler, 0};
+    begin = parse_arg_id(begin, end, adapter);
+    Char c = begin != end ? *begin : Char();
+    if (c == '}') {
+      handler.on_replacement_field(adapter.arg_id, begin);
+    } else if (c == ':') {
+      begin = handler.on_format_specs(adapter.arg_id, begin + 1, end);
+      if (begin == end || *begin != '}')
+        return handler.on_error("unknown format specifier"), end;
+    } else {
+      return handler.on_error("missing '}' in format string"), end;
+    }
+  }
+  return begin + 1;
+}
+
+template <bool IS_CONSTEXPR, typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL FMT_INLINE void parse_format_string(
+    basic_string_view<Char> format_str, Handler&& handler) {
+  auto begin = format_str.data();
+  auto end = begin + format_str.size();
+  if (end - begin < 32) {
+    // Use a simple loop instead of memchr for small strings.
+    const Char* p = begin;
+    while (p != end) {
+      auto c = *p++;
+      if (c == '{') {
+        handler.on_text(begin, p - 1);
+        begin = p = parse_replacement_field(p - 1, end, handler);
+      } else if (c == '}') {
+        if (p == end || *p != '}')
+          return handler.on_error("unmatched '}' in format string");
+        handler.on_text(begin, p);
+        begin = ++p;
+      }
+    }
+    handler.on_text(begin, end);
+    return;
+  }
+  struct writer {
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(const Char* pbegin, const Char* pend) {
+      if (pbegin == pend) return;
+      for (;;) {
+        const Char* p = nullptr;
+        if (!find<IS_CONSTEXPR>(pbegin, pend, '}', p))
+          return handler_.on_text(pbegin, pend);
+        ++p;
+        if (p == pend || *p != '}')
+          return handler_.on_error("unmatched '}' in format string");
+        handler_.on_text(pbegin, p);
+        pbegin = p + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    Handler& handler_;
+  } write{handler};
+  while (begin != end) {
+    // Doing two passes with memchr (one for '{' and another for '}') is up to
+    // 2.5x faster than the naive one-pass implementation on big format strings.
+    const Char* p = begin;
+    if (*begin != '{' && !find<IS_CONSTEXPR>(begin + 1, end, '{', p))
+      return write(begin, end);
+    write(begin, p);
+    begin = parse_replacement_field(p, end, handler);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename ParseContext>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const typename ParseContext::char_type* parse_format_specs(
+    ParseContext& ctx) {
+  using char_type = typename ParseContext::char_type;
+  using context = buffer_context<char_type>;
+  using mapped_type =
+      conditional_t<detail::mapped_type_constant<T, context>::value !=
+                        type::custom_type,
+                    decltype(arg_mapper<context>().map(std::declval<T>())), T>;
+  auto f = conditional_t<has_formatter<mapped_type, context>::value,
+                         formatter<mapped_type, char_type>,
+                         detail::fallback_formatter<T, char_type>>();
+  return f.parse(ctx);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename Context>
+struct format_handler : detail::error_handler {
+  basic_format_parse_context<Char> parse_context;
+  Context context;
+
+  format_handler(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<Char> str,
+                 basic_format_args<Context> format_args, detail::locale_ref loc)
+      : parse_context(str), context(out, format_args, loc) {}
+
+  void on_text(const Char* begin, const Char* end) {
+    auto size = to_unsigned(end - begin);
+    auto out = context.out();
+    auto&& it = reserve(out, size);
+    it = std::copy_n(begin, size, it);
+    context.advance_to(out);
+  }
+
+  int on_arg_id() { return parse_context.next_arg_id(); }
+  int on_arg_id(int id) { return parse_context.check_arg_id(id), id; }
+  int on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+    int arg_id = context.arg_id(id);
+    if (arg_id < 0) on_error("argument not found");
+    return arg_id;
+  }
+
+  FMT_INLINE void on_replacement_field(int id, const Char*) {
+    auto arg = get_arg(context, id);
+    context.advance_to(visit_format_arg(
+        default_arg_formatter<OutputIt, Char>{context.out(), context.args(),
+                                              context.locale()},
+        arg));
+  }
+
+  const Char* on_format_specs(int id, const Char* begin, const Char* end) {
+    auto arg = get_arg(context, id);
+    if (arg.type() == type::custom_type) {
+      advance_to(parse_context, begin);
+      visit_format_arg(custom_formatter<Context>(parse_context, context), arg);
+      return parse_context.begin();
+    }
+    auto specs = basic_format_specs<Char>();
+    if (begin + 1 < end && begin[1] == '}' && is_ascii_letter(*begin)) {
+      specs.type = static_cast<char>(*begin++);
+    } else {
+      using parse_context_t = basic_format_parse_context<Char>;
+      specs_checker<specs_handler<parse_context_t, Context>> handler(
+          specs_handler<parse_context_t, Context>(specs, parse_context,
+                                                  context),
+          arg.type());
+      begin = parse_format_specs(begin, end, handler);
+      if (begin == end || *begin != '}')
+        on_error("missing '}' in format string");
+    }
+    context.advance_to(visit_format_arg(
+        arg_formatter<OutputIt, Char>(context, &parse_context, &specs), arg));
+    return begin;
+  }
+};
+
+// A parse context with extra argument id checks. It is only used at compile
+// time because adding checks at runtime would introduce substantial overhead
+// and would be redundant since argument ids are checked when arguments are
+// retrieved anyway.
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler = error_handler>
+class compile_parse_context
+    : public basic_format_parse_context<Char, ErrorHandler> {
+ private:
+  int num_args_;
+  using base = basic_format_parse_context<Char, ErrorHandler>;
+
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR compile_parse_context(
+      basic_string_view<Char> format_str, int num_args = max_value<int>(),
+      ErrorHandler eh = {})
+      : base(format_str, eh), num_args_(num_args) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int next_arg_id() {
+    int id = base::next_arg_id();
+    if (id >= num_args_) this->on_error("argument not found");
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(int id) {
+    base::check_arg_id(id);
+    if (id >= num_args_) this->on_error("argument not found");
+  }
+  using base::check_arg_id;
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler, typename... Args>
+class format_string_checker {
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR format_string_checker(
+      basic_string_view<Char> format_str, ErrorHandler eh)
+      : context_(format_str, num_args, eh),
+        parse_funcs_{&parse_format_specs<Args, parse_context_type>...} {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char*, const Char*) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id() { return context_.next_arg_id(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(int id) { return context_.check_arg_id(id), id; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char>) {
+    on_error("compile-time checks don't support named arguments");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_replacement_field(int, const Char*) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* on_format_specs(int id, const Char* begin,
+                                            const Char*) {
+    advance_to(context_, begin);
+    return id < num_args ? parse_funcs_[id](context_) : begin;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    context_.on_error(message);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  using parse_context_type = compile_parse_context<Char, ErrorHandler>;
+  enum { num_args = sizeof...(Args) };
+
+  // Format specifier parsing function.
+  using parse_func = const Char* (*)(parse_context_type&);
+
+  parse_context_type context_;
+  parse_func parse_funcs_[num_args > 0 ? num_args : 1];
+};
+
+// Converts string literals to basic_string_view.
+template <typename Char, size_t N>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view<Char> compile_string_to_view(
+    const Char (&s)[N]) {
+  // Remove trailing null character if needed. Won't be present if this is used
+  // with raw character array (i.e. not defined as a string).
+  return {s,
+          N - ((std::char_traits<Char>::to_int_type(s[N - 1]) == 0) ? 1 : 0)};
+}
+
+// Converts string_view to basic_string_view.
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view<Char> compile_string_to_view(
+    const std_string_view<Char>& s) {
+  return {s.data(), s.size()};
+}
+
+#define FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, base)                                  \
+  [] {                                                            \
+    /* Use a macro-like name to avoid shadowing warnings. */      \
+    struct FMT_COMPILE_STRING : base {                            \
+      using char_type = fmt::remove_cvref_t<decltype(s[0])>;      \
+      FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED FMT_CONSTEXPR                              \
+      operator fmt::basic_string_view<char_type>() const {        \
+        return fmt::detail::compile_string_to_view<char_type>(s); \
+      }                                                           \
+    };                                                            \
+    return FMT_COMPILE_STRING();                                  \
+  }()
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Constructs a compile-time format string from a string literal *s*.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    // A compile-time error because 'd' is an invalid specifier for strings.
+    std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_STRING("{:d}"), "foo");
+  \endrst
+ */
+#define FMT_STRING(s) FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, fmt::compile_string)
+
+template <typename... Args, typename S,
+          enable_if_t<(is_compile_string<S>::value), int>>
+void check_format_string(S format_str) {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL auto s = to_string_view(format_str);
+  using checker = format_string_checker<typename S::char_type, error_handler,
+                                        remove_cvref_t<Args>...>;
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL bool invalid_format =
+      (parse_format_string<true>(s, checker(s, {})), true);
+  (void)invalid_format;
+}
+
+template <template <typename> class Handler, typename Context>
+void handle_dynamic_spec(int& value, arg_ref<typename Context::char_type> ref,
+                         Context& ctx) {
+  switch (ref.kind) {
+  case arg_id_kind::none:
+    break;
+  case arg_id_kind::index:
+    value = detail::get_dynamic_spec<Handler>(ctx.arg(ref.val.index),
+                                              ctx.error_handler());
+    break;
+  case arg_id_kind::name:
+    value = detail::get_dynamic_spec<Handler>(ctx.arg(ref.val.name),
+                                              ctx.error_handler());
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+using format_func = void (*)(detail::buffer<char>&, int, string_view);
+
+FMT_API void format_error_code(buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                               string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+FMT_API void report_error(format_func func, int error_code,
+                          string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+using arg_formatter FMT_DEPRECATED_ALIAS =
+    detail::arg_formatter<OutputIt, Char>;
+
+/**
+ An error returned by an operating system or a language runtime,
+ for example a file opening error.
+*/
+FMT_CLASS_API
+class FMT_API system_error : public std::runtime_error {
+ private:
+  void init(int err_code, string_view format_str, format_args args);
+
+ protected:
+  int error_code_;
+
+  system_error() : std::runtime_error(""), error_code_(0) {}
+
+ public:
+  /**
+   \rst
+   Constructs a :class:`fmt::system_error` object with a description
+   formatted with `fmt::format_system_error`. *message* and additional
+   arguments passed into the constructor are formatted similarly to
+   `fmt::format`.
+
+   **Example**::
+
+     // This throws a system_error with the description
+     //   cannot open file 'madeup': No such file or directory
+     // or similar (system message may vary).
+     const char *filename = "madeup";
+     std::FILE *file = std::fopen(filename, "r");
+     if (!file)
+       throw fmt::system_error(errno, "cannot open file '{}'", filename);
+   \endrst
+  */
+  template <typename... Args>
+  system_error(int error_code, string_view message, const Args&... args)
+      : std::runtime_error("") {
+    init(error_code, message, make_format_args(args...));
+  }
+  system_error(const system_error&) = default;
+  system_error& operator=(const system_error&) = default;
+  system_error(system_error&&) = default;
+  system_error& operator=(system_error&&) = default;
+  ~system_error() FMT_NOEXCEPT FMT_OVERRIDE;
+
+  int error_code() const { return error_code_; }
+};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats an error returned by an operating system or a language runtime,
+  for example a file opening error, and writes it to *out* in the following
+  form:
+
+  .. parsed-literal::
+     *<message>*: *<system-message>*
+
+  where *<message>* is the passed message and *<system-message>* is
+  the system message corresponding to the error code.
+  *error_code* is a system error code as given by ``errno``.
+  If *error_code* is not a valid error code such as -1, the system message
+  may look like "Unknown error -1" and is platform-dependent.
+  \endrst
+ */
+FMT_API void format_system_error(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                                 string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+// Reports a system error without throwing an exception.
+// Can be used to report errors from destructors.
+FMT_API void report_system_error(int error_code,
+                                 string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+/** Fast integer formatter. */
+class format_int {
+ private:
+  // Buffer should be large enough to hold all digits (digits10 + 1),
+  // a sign and a null character.
+  enum { buffer_size = std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::digits10 + 3 };
+  mutable char buffer_[buffer_size];
+  char* str_;
+
+  template <typename UInt> char* format_unsigned(UInt value) {
+    auto n = static_cast<detail::uint32_or_64_or_128_t<UInt>>(value);
+    return detail::format_decimal(buffer_, n, buffer_size - 1).begin;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Int> char* format_signed(Int value) {
+    auto abs_value = static_cast<detail::uint32_or_64_or_128_t<Int>>(value);
+    bool negative = value < 0;
+    if (negative) abs_value = 0 - abs_value;
+    auto begin = format_unsigned(abs_value);
+    if (negative) *--begin = '-';
+    return begin;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  explicit format_int(int value) : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
+  explicit format_int(long value) : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
+  explicit format_int(long long value) : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
+  explicit format_int(unsigned value) : str_(format_unsigned(value)) {}
+  explicit format_int(unsigned long value) : str_(format_unsigned(value)) {}
+  explicit format_int(unsigned long long value)
+      : str_(format_unsigned(value)) {}
+
+  /** Returns the number of characters written to the output buffer. */
+  size_t size() const {
+    return detail::to_unsigned(buffer_ - str_ + buffer_size - 1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+    Returns a pointer to the output buffer content. No terminating null
+    character is appended.
+   */
+  const char* data() const { return str_; }
+
+  /**
+    Returns a pointer to the output buffer content with terminating null
+    character appended.
+   */
+  const char* c_str() const {
+    buffer_[buffer_size - 1] = '\0';
+    return str_;
+  }
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Returns the content of the output buffer as an ``std::string``.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  std::string str() const { return std::string(str_, size()); }
+};
+
+// A formatter specialization for the core types corresponding to detail::type
+// constants.
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct formatter<T, Char,
+                 enable_if_t<detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value !=
+                             detail::type::custom_type>> {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR formatter() = default;
+
+  // Parses format specifiers stopping either at the end of the range or at the
+  // terminating '}'.
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    using handler_type = detail::dynamic_specs_handler<ParseContext>;
+    auto type = detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value;
+    detail::specs_checker<handler_type> handler(handler_type(specs_, ctx),
+                                                type);
+    auto it = parse_format_specs(ctx.begin(), ctx.end(), handler);
+    auto eh = ctx.error_handler();
+    switch (type) {
+    case detail::type::none_type:
+      FMT_ASSERT(false, "invalid argument type");
+      break;
+    case detail::type::int_type:
+    case detail::type::uint_type:
+    case detail::type::long_long_type:
+    case detail::type::ulong_long_type:
+    case detail::type::int128_type:
+    case detail::type::uint128_type:
+    case detail::type::bool_type:
+      handle_int_type_spec(specs_.type,
+                           detail::int_type_checker<decltype(eh)>(eh));
+      break;
+    case detail::type::char_type:
+      handle_char_specs(
+          &specs_, detail::char_specs_checker<decltype(eh)>(specs_.type, eh));
+      break;
+    case detail::type::float_type:
+      if (detail::const_check(FMT_USE_FLOAT))
+        detail::parse_float_type_spec(specs_, eh);
+      else
+        FMT_ASSERT(false, "float support disabled");
+      break;
+    case detail::type::double_type:
+      if (detail::const_check(FMT_USE_DOUBLE))
+        detail::parse_float_type_spec(specs_, eh);
+      else
+        FMT_ASSERT(false, "double support disabled");
+      break;
+    case detail::type::long_double_type:
+      if (detail::const_check(FMT_USE_LONG_DOUBLE))
+        detail::parse_float_type_spec(specs_, eh);
+      else
+        FMT_ASSERT(false, "long double support disabled");
+      break;
+    case detail::type::cstring_type:
+      detail::handle_cstring_type_spec(
+          specs_.type, detail::cstring_type_checker<decltype(eh)>(eh));
+      break;
+    case detail::type::string_type:
+      detail::check_string_type_spec(specs_.type, eh);
+      break;
+    case detail::type::pointer_type:
+      detail::check_pointer_type_spec(specs_.type, eh);
+      break;
+    case detail::type::custom_type:
+      // Custom format specifiers should be checked in parse functions of
+      // formatter specializations.
+      break;
+    }
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const T& val, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs_.width,
+                                                       specs_.width_ref, ctx);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
+        specs_.precision, specs_.precision_ref, ctx);
+    using af = detail::arg_formatter<typename FormatContext::iterator,
+                                     typename FormatContext::char_type>;
+    return visit_format_arg(af(ctx, nullptr, &specs_),
+                            detail::make_arg<FormatContext>(val));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  detail::dynamic_format_specs<Char> specs_;
+};
+
+#define FMT_FORMAT_AS(Type, Base)                                             \
+  template <typename Char>                                                    \
+  struct formatter<Type, Char> : formatter<Base, Char> {                      \
+    template <typename FormatContext>                                         \
+    auto format(Type const& val, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) { \
+      return formatter<Base, Char>::format(val, ctx);                         \
+    }                                                                         \
+  }
+
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(signed char, int);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(unsigned char, unsigned);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(short, int);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(unsigned short, unsigned);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(long, long long);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(unsigned long, unsigned long long);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(Char*, const Char*);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(std::basic_string<Char>, basic_string_view<Char>);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(std::nullptr_t, const void*);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(detail::std_string_view<Char>, basic_string_view<Char>);
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<void*, Char> : formatter<const void*, Char> {
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(void* val, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return formatter<const void*, Char>::format(val, ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, size_t N>
+struct formatter<Char[N], Char> : formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char> {
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const Char* val, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char>::format(val, ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+// A formatter for types known only at run time such as variant alternatives.
+//
+// Usage:
+//   using variant = std::variant<int, std::string>;
+//   template <>
+//   struct formatter<variant>: dynamic_formatter<> {
+//     auto format(const variant& v, format_context& ctx) {
+//       return visit([&](const auto& val) {
+//           return dynamic_formatter<>::format(val, ctx);
+//       }, v);
+//     }
+//   };
+template <typename Char = char> class dynamic_formatter {
+ private:
+  struct null_handler : detail::error_handler {
+    void on_align(align_t) {}
+    void on_plus() {}
+    void on_minus() {}
+    void on_space() {}
+    void on_hash() {}
+  };
+
+ public:
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    format_str_ = ctx.begin();
+    // Checks are deferred to formatting time when the argument type is known.
+    detail::dynamic_specs_handler<ParseContext> handler(specs_, ctx);
+    return parse_format_specs(ctx.begin(), ctx.end(), handler);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const T& val, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    handle_specs(ctx);
+    detail::specs_checker<null_handler> checker(
+        null_handler(), detail::mapped_type_constant<T, FormatContext>::value);
+    checker.on_align(specs_.align);
+    switch (specs_.sign) {
+    case sign::none:
+      break;
+    case sign::plus:
+      checker.on_plus();
+      break;
+    case sign::minus:
+      checker.on_minus();
+      break;
+    case sign::space:
+      checker.on_space();
+      break;
+    }
+    if (specs_.alt) checker.on_hash();
+    if (specs_.precision >= 0) checker.end_precision();
+    using af = detail::arg_formatter<typename FormatContext::iterator,
+                                     typename FormatContext::char_type>;
+    visit_format_arg(af(ctx, nullptr, &specs_),
+                     detail::make_arg<FormatContext>(val));
+    return ctx.out();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename Context> void handle_specs(Context& ctx) {
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs_.width,
+                                                       specs_.width_ref, ctx);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
+        specs_.precision, specs_.precision_ref, ctx);
+  }
+
+  detail::dynamic_format_specs<Char> specs_;
+  const Char* format_str_;
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void advance_to(
+    basic_format_parse_context<Char, ErrorHandler>& ctx, const Char* p) {
+  ctx.advance_to(ctx.begin() + (p - &*ctx.begin()));
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Converts ``p`` to ``const void*`` for pointer formatting.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    auto s = fmt::format("{}", fmt::ptr(p));
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename T> inline const void* ptr(const T* p) { return p; }
+template <typename T> inline const void* ptr(const std::unique_ptr<T>& p) {
+  return p.get();
+}
+template <typename T> inline const void* ptr(const std::shared_ptr<T>& p) {
+  return p.get();
+}
+
+class bytes {
+ private:
+  string_view data_;
+  friend struct formatter<bytes>;
+
+ public:
+  explicit bytes(string_view data) : data_(data) {}
+};
+
+template <> struct formatter<bytes> {
+ private:
+  detail::dynamic_format_specs<char> specs_;
+
+ public:
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    using handler_type = detail::dynamic_specs_handler<ParseContext>;
+    detail::specs_checker<handler_type> handler(handler_type(specs_, ctx),
+                                                detail::type::string_type);
+    auto it = parse_format_specs(ctx.begin(), ctx.end(), handler);
+    detail::check_string_type_spec(specs_.type, ctx.error_handler());
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(bytes b, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs_.width,
+                                                       specs_.width_ref, ctx);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
+        specs_.precision, specs_.precision_ref, ctx);
+    return detail::write_bytes(ctx.out(), b.data_, specs_);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel, typename Char>
+struct arg_join : detail::view {
+  It begin;
+  Sentinel end;
+  basic_string_view<Char> sep;
+
+  arg_join(It b, Sentinel e, basic_string_view<Char> s)
+      : begin(b), end(e), sep(s) {}
+};
+
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel, typename Char>
+struct formatter<arg_join<It, Sentinel, Char>, Char>
+    : formatter<typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type, Char> {
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const arg_join<It, Sentinel, Char>& value, FormatContext& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    using base = formatter<typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type, Char>;
+    auto it = value.begin;
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    if (it != value.end) {
+      out = base::format(*it++, ctx);
+      while (it != value.end) {
+        out = std::copy(value.sep.begin(), value.sep.end(), out);
+        ctx.advance_to(out);
+        out = base::format(*it++, ctx);
+      }
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+  Returns an object that formats the iterator range `[begin, end)` with elements
+  separated by `sep`.
+ */
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel>
+arg_join<It, Sentinel, char> join(It begin, Sentinel end, string_view sep) {
+  return {begin, end, sep};
+}
+
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel>
+arg_join<It, Sentinel, wchar_t> join(It begin, Sentinel end, wstring_view sep) {
+  return {begin, end, sep};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Returns an object that formats `range` with elements separated by `sep`.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
+    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(v, ", "));
+    // Output: "1, 2, 3"
+
+  ``fmt::join`` applies passed format specifiers to the range elements::
+
+    fmt::print("{:02}", fmt::join(v, ", "));
+    // Output: "01, 02, 03"
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Range>
+arg_join<detail::iterator_t<Range>, detail::sentinel_t<Range>, char> join(
+    Range&& range, string_view sep) {
+  return join(std::begin(range), std::end(range), sep);
+}
+
+template <typename Range>
+arg_join<detail::iterator_t<Range>, detail::sentinel_t<Range>, wchar_t> join(
+    Range&& range, wstring_view sep) {
+  return join(std::begin(range), std::end(range), sep);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Converts *value* to ``std::string`` using the default format for type *T*.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+    std::string answer = fmt::to_string(42);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline std::string to_string(const T& value) {
+  std::string result;
+  detail::write<char>(std::back_inserter(result), value);
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline std::string to_string(T value) {
+  // The buffer should be large enough to store the number including the sign or
+  // "false" for bool.
+  constexpr int max_size = detail::digits10<T>() + 2;
+  char buffer[max_size > 5 ? static_cast<unsigned>(max_size) : 5];
+  char* begin = buffer;
+  return std::string(begin, detail::write<char>(begin, value));
+}
+
+/**
+  Converts *value* to ``std::wstring`` using the default format for type *T*.
+ */
+template <typename T> inline std::wstring to_wstring(const T& value) {
+  return format(L"{}", value);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, size_t SIZE>
+std::basic_string<Char> to_string(const basic_memory_buffer<Char, SIZE>& buf) {
+  auto size = buf.size();
+  detail::assume(size < std::basic_string<Char>().max_size());
+  return std::basic_string<Char>(buf.data(), size);
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+void detail::vformat_to(
+    detail::buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args,
+    detail::locale_ref loc) {
+  using iterator = typename buffer_context<Char>::iterator;
+  auto out = buffer_appender<Char>(buf);
+  if (format_str.size() == 2 && equal2(format_str.data(), "{}")) {
+    auto arg = args.get(0);
+    if (!arg) error_handler().on_error("argument not found");
+    visit_format_arg(default_arg_formatter<iterator, Char>{out, args, loc},
+                     arg);
+    return;
+  }
+  format_handler<iterator, Char, buffer_context<Char>> h(out, format_str, args,
+                                                         loc);
+  parse_format_string<false>(format_str, h);
+}
+
+#ifndef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+extern template void detail::vformat_to(detail::buffer<char>&, string_view,
+                                        basic_format_args<format_context>,
+                                        detail::locale_ref);
+namespace detail {
+
+extern template FMT_API std::string grouping_impl<char>(locale_ref loc);
+extern template FMT_API std::string grouping_impl<wchar_t>(locale_ref loc);
+extern template FMT_API char thousands_sep_impl<char>(locale_ref loc);
+extern template FMT_API wchar_t thousands_sep_impl<wchar_t>(locale_ref loc);
+extern template FMT_API char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc);
+extern template FMT_API wchar_t decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc);
+extern template int format_float<double>(double value, int precision,
+                                         float_specs specs, buffer<char>& buf);
+extern template int format_float<long double>(long double value, int precision,
+                                              float_specs specs,
+                                              buffer<char>& buf);
+int snprintf_float(float value, int precision, float_specs specs,
+                   buffer<char>& buf) = delete;
+extern template int snprintf_float<double>(double value, int precision,
+                                           float_specs specs,
+                                           buffer<char>& buf);
+extern template int snprintf_float<long double>(long double value,
+                                                int precision,
+                                                float_specs specs,
+                                                buffer<char>& buf);
+}  // namespace detail
+#endif
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
+inline void vformat_to(
+    detail::buffer<Char>& buf, const S& format_str,
+    basic_format_args<FMT_BUFFER_CONTEXT(type_identity_t<Char>)> args) {
+  return detail::vformat_to(buf, to_string_view(format_str), args);
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args, size_t SIZE = inline_buffer_size,
+          typename Char = enable_if_t<detail::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
+inline typename buffer_context<Char>::iterator format_to(
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char, SIZE>& buf, const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, to_string_view(format_str), vargs);
+  return detail::buffer_appender<Char>(buf);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char = char>
+using format_context_t = basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>;
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char = char>
+using format_args_t = basic_format_args<format_context_t<OutputIt, Char>>;
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char = typename OutputIt::value_type>
+using format_to_n_context FMT_DEPRECATED_ALIAS = buffer_context<Char>;
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char = typename OutputIt::value_type>
+using format_to_n_args FMT_DEPRECATED_ALIAS =
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<Char>>;
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename... Args>
+FMT_DEPRECATED format_arg_store<buffer_context<Char>, Args...>
+make_format_to_n_args(const Args&... args) {
+  return format_arg_store<buffer_context<Char>, Args...>(args...);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, enable_if_t<(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value), int>>
+std::basic_string<Char> detail::vformat(
+    basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
+  return to_string(buffer);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<Char, wchar_t>::value)>
+void vprint(std::FILE* f, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+            wformat_args args) {
+  wmemory_buffer buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
+  buffer.push_back(L'\0');
+  if (std::fputws(buffer.data(), f) == -1)
+    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot write to file"));
+}
+
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<Char, wchar_t>::value)>
+void vprint(basic_string_view<Char> format_str, wformat_args args) {
+  vprint(stdout, format_str, args);
+}
+
+#if FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS
+namespace detail {
+
+#  if FMT_USE_UDL_TEMPLATE
+template <typename Char, Char... CHARS> class udl_formatter {
+ public:
+  template <typename... Args>
+  std::basic_string<Char> operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+    static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL Char s[] = {CHARS..., '\0'};
+    return format(FMT_STRING(s), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+};
+#  else
+template <typename Char> struct udl_formatter {
+  basic_string_view<Char> str;
+
+  template <typename... Args>
+  std::basic_string<Char> operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+    return format(str, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+};
+#  endif  // FMT_USE_UDL_TEMPLATE
+
+template <typename Char> struct udl_arg {
+  const Char* str;
+
+  template <typename T> named_arg<Char, T> operator=(T&& value) const {
+    return {str, std::forward<T>(value)};
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+inline namespace literals {
+#  if FMT_USE_UDL_TEMPLATE
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpedantic"
+#    if FMT_CLANG_VERSION
+#      pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wgnu-string-literal-operator-template"
+#    endif
+template <typename Char, Char... CHARS>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::udl_formatter<Char, CHARS...> operator""_format() {
+  return {};
+}
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#  else
+/**
+  \rst
+  User-defined literal equivalent of :func:`fmt::format`.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    using namespace fmt::literals;
+    std::string message = "The answer is {}"_format(42);
+  \endrst
+ */
+FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::udl_formatter<char> operator"" _format(const char* s,
+                                                             size_t n) {
+  return {{s, n}};
+}
+FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::udl_formatter<wchar_t> operator"" _format(
+    const wchar_t* s, size_t n) {
+  return {{s, n}};
+}
+#  endif  // FMT_USE_UDL_TEMPLATE
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  User-defined literal equivalent of :func:`fmt::arg`.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    using namespace fmt::literals;
+    fmt::print("Elapsed time: {s:.2f} seconds", "s"_a=1.23);
+  \endrst
+ */
+FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::udl_arg<char> operator"" _a(const char* s, size_t) {
+  return {s};
+}
+FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::udl_arg<wchar_t> operator"" _a(const wchar_t* s, size_t) {
+  return {s};
+}
+}  // namespace literals
+#endif  // FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#ifdef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+#  define FMT_FUNC inline
+#  include "format-inl.h"
+#else
+#  define FMT_FUNC
+#endif
+
+#endif  // FMT_FORMAT_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/locale.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/locale.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7301bf92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/locale.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - std::locale support
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_LOCALE_H_
+#define FMT_LOCALE_H_
+
+#include <locale>
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+namespace detail {
+template <typename Char>
+std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
+    const std::locale& loc, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args, detail::locale_ref(loc));
+  return fmt::to_string(buffer);
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
+    const std::locale& loc, const S& format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  return detail::vformat(loc, to_string_view(format_str), args);
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline std::basic_string<Char> format(const std::locale& loc,
+                                      const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
+  return detail::vformat(loc, to_string_view(format_str),
+                         fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename OutputIt, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value)>
+inline OutputIt vformat_to(
+    OutputIt out, const std::locale& loc, const S& format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  decltype(detail::get_buffer<Char>(out)) buf(detail::get_buffer_init(out));
+  vformat_to(buf, to_string_view(format_str), args, detail::locale_ref(loc));
+  return detail::get_iterator(buf);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char_t<S>>::value>
+inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const std::locale& loc,
+                      const S& format_str, Args&&... args) ->
+    typename std::enable_if<enable, OutputIt>::type {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
+  return vformat_to(out, loc, to_string_view(format_str), vargs);
+}
+
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_LOCALE_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/os.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/os.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d44ea0c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/os.h
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - optional OS-specific functionality
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_OS_H_
+#define FMT_OS_H_
+
+#if defined(__MINGW32__) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+// Workaround MinGW bug https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw/bugs/2024/.
+#  undef __STRICT_ANSI__
+#endif
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <clocale>  // for locale_t
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>  // for strtod_l
+
+#if defined __APPLE__ || defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#  include <xlocale.h>  // for LC_NUMERIC_MASK on OS X
+#endif
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+// UWP doesn't provide _pipe.
+#if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE("winapifamily.h")
+#  include <winapifamily.h>
+#endif
+#if (FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<fcntl.h>) || defined(__APPLE__) || \
+     defined(__linux__)) &&                              \
+    (!defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) || (WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_DESKTOP_APP))
+#  include <fcntl.h>  // for O_RDONLY
+#  define FMT_USE_FCNTL 1
+#else
+#  define FMT_USE_FCNTL 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_POSIX
+#  if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
+// Fix warnings about deprecated symbols.
+#    define FMT_POSIX(call) _##call
+#  else
+#    define FMT_POSIX(call) call
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Calls to system functions are wrapped in FMT_SYSTEM for testability.
+#ifdef FMT_SYSTEM
+#  define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) FMT_SYSTEM(call)
+#else
+#  define FMT_SYSTEM(call) ::call
+#  ifdef _WIN32
+// Fix warnings about deprecated symbols.
+#    define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) ::_##call
+#  else
+#    define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) ::call
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Retries the expression while it evaluates to error_result and errno
+// equals to EINTR.
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#  define FMT_RETRY_VAL(result, expression, error_result) \
+    do {                                                  \
+      (result) = (expression);                            \
+    } while ((result) == (error_result) && errno == EINTR)
+#else
+#  define FMT_RETRY_VAL(result, expression, error_result) result = (expression)
+#endif
+
+#define FMT_RETRY(result, expression) FMT_RETRY_VAL(result, expression, -1)
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  A reference to a null-terminated string. It can be constructed from a C
+  string or ``std::string``.
+
+  You can use one of the following type aliases for common character types:
+
+  +---------------+-----------------------------+
+  | Type          | Definition                  |
+  +===============+=============================+
+  | cstring_view  | basic_cstring_view<char>    |
+  +---------------+-----------------------------+
+  | wcstring_view | basic_cstring_view<wchar_t> |
+  +---------------+-----------------------------+
+
+  This class is most useful as a parameter type to allow passing
+  different types of strings to a function, for example::
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    std::string format(cstring_view format_str, const Args & ... args);
+
+    format("{}", 42);
+    format(std::string("{}"), 42);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Char> class basic_cstring_view {
+ private:
+  const Char* data_;
+
+ public:
+  /** Constructs a string reference object from a C string. */
+  basic_cstring_view(const Char* s) : data_(s) {}
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Constructs a string reference from an ``std::string`` object.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  basic_cstring_view(const std::basic_string<Char>& s) : data_(s.c_str()) {}
+
+  /** Returns the pointer to a C string. */
+  const Char* c_str() const { return data_; }
+};
+
+using cstring_view = basic_cstring_view<char>;
+using wcstring_view = basic_cstring_view<wchar_t>;
+
+// An error code.
+class error_code {
+ private:
+  int value_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit error_code(int value = 0) FMT_NOEXCEPT : value_(value) {}
+
+  int get() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return value_; }
+};
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+namespace detail {
+// A converter from UTF-16 to UTF-8.
+// It is only provided for Windows since other systems support UTF-8 natively.
+class utf16_to_utf8 {
+ private:
+  memory_buffer buffer_;
+
+ public:
+  utf16_to_utf8() {}
+  FMT_API explicit utf16_to_utf8(wstring_view s);
+  operator string_view() const { return string_view(&buffer_[0], size()); }
+  size_t size() const { return buffer_.size() - 1; }
+  const char* c_str() const { return &buffer_[0]; }
+  std::string str() const { return std::string(&buffer_[0], size()); }
+
+  // Performs conversion returning a system error code instead of
+  // throwing exception on conversion error. This method may still throw
+  // in case of memory allocation error.
+  FMT_API int convert(wstring_view s);
+};
+
+FMT_API void format_windows_error(buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                                  string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+}  // namespace detail
+
+/** A Windows error. */
+class windows_error : public system_error {
+ private:
+  FMT_API void init(int error_code, string_view format_str, format_args args);
+
+ public:
+  /**
+   \rst
+   Constructs a :class:`fmt::windows_error` object with the description
+   of the form
+
+   .. parsed-literal::
+     *<message>*: *<system-message>*
+
+   where *<message>* is the formatted message and *<system-message>* is the
+   system message corresponding to the error code.
+   *error_code* is a Windows error code as given by ``GetLastError``.
+   If *error_code* is not a valid error code such as -1, the system message
+   will look like "error -1".
+
+   **Example**::
+
+     // This throws a windows_error with the description
+     //   cannot open file 'madeup': The system cannot find the file specified.
+     // or similar (system message may vary).
+     const char *filename = "madeup";
+     LPOFSTRUCT of = LPOFSTRUCT();
+     HFILE file = OpenFile(filename, &of, OF_READ);
+     if (file == HFILE_ERROR) {
+       throw fmt::windows_error(GetLastError(),
+                                "cannot open file '{}'", filename);
+     }
+   \endrst
+  */
+  template <typename... Args>
+  windows_error(int error_code, string_view message, const Args&... args) {
+    init(error_code, message, make_format_args(args...));
+  }
+};
+
+// Reports a Windows error without throwing an exception.
+// Can be used to report errors from destructors.
+FMT_API void report_windows_error(int error_code,
+                                  string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+#endif  // _WIN32
+
+// A buffered file.
+class buffered_file {
+ private:
+  FILE* file_;
+
+  friend class file;
+
+  explicit buffered_file(FILE* f) : file_(f) {}
+
+ public:
+  buffered_file(const buffered_file&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const buffered_file&) = delete;
+
+  // Constructs a buffered_file object which doesn't represent any file.
+  buffered_file() FMT_NOEXCEPT : file_(nullptr) {}
+
+  // Destroys the object closing the file it represents if any.
+  FMT_API ~buffered_file() FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+ public:
+  buffered_file(buffered_file&& other) FMT_NOEXCEPT : file_(other.file_) {
+    other.file_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  buffered_file& operator=(buffered_file&& other) {
+    close();
+    file_ = other.file_;
+    other.file_ = nullptr;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Opens a file.
+  FMT_API buffered_file(cstring_view filename, cstring_view mode);
+
+  // Closes the file.
+  FMT_API void close();
+
+  // Returns the pointer to a FILE object representing this file.
+  FILE* get() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return file_; }
+
+  // We place parentheses around fileno to workaround a bug in some versions
+  // of MinGW that define fileno as a macro.
+  FMT_API int(fileno)() const;
+
+  void vprint(string_view format_str, format_args args) {
+    fmt::vprint(file_, format_str, args);
+  }
+
+  template <typename... Args>
+  inline void print(string_view format_str, const Args&... args) {
+    vprint(format_str, make_format_args(args...));
+  }
+};
+
+#if FMT_USE_FCNTL
+// A file. Closed file is represented by a file object with descriptor -1.
+// Methods that are not declared with FMT_NOEXCEPT may throw
+// fmt::system_error in case of failure. Note that some errors such as
+// closing the file multiple times will cause a crash on Windows rather
+// than an exception. You can get standard behavior by overriding the
+// invalid parameter handler with _set_invalid_parameter_handler.
+class file {
+ private:
+  int fd_;  // File descriptor.
+
+  // Constructs a file object with a given descriptor.
+  explicit file(int fd) : fd_(fd) {}
+
+ public:
+  // Possible values for the oflag argument to the constructor.
+  enum {
+    RDONLY = FMT_POSIX(O_RDONLY),  // Open for reading only.
+    WRONLY = FMT_POSIX(O_WRONLY),  // Open for writing only.
+    RDWR = FMT_POSIX(O_RDWR),      // Open for reading and writing.
+    CREATE = FMT_POSIX(O_CREAT),   // Create if the file doesn't exist.
+    APPEND = FMT_POSIX(O_APPEND)   // Open in append mode.
+  };
+
+  // Constructs a file object which doesn't represent any file.
+  file() FMT_NOEXCEPT : fd_(-1) {}
+
+  // Opens a file and constructs a file object representing this file.
+  FMT_API file(cstring_view path, int oflag);
+
+ public:
+  file(const file&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const file&) = delete;
+
+  file(file&& other) FMT_NOEXCEPT : fd_(other.fd_) { other.fd_ = -1; }
+
+  file& operator=(file&& other) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    close();
+    fd_ = other.fd_;
+    other.fd_ = -1;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Destroys the object closing the file it represents if any.
+  FMT_API ~file() FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+  // Returns the file descriptor.
+  int descriptor() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return fd_; }
+
+  // Closes the file.
+  FMT_API void close();
+
+  // Returns the file size. The size has signed type for consistency with
+  // stat::st_size.
+  FMT_API long long size() const;
+
+  // Attempts to read count bytes from the file into the specified buffer.
+  FMT_API size_t read(void* buffer, size_t count);
+
+  // Attempts to write count bytes from the specified buffer to the file.
+  FMT_API size_t write(const void* buffer, size_t count);
+
+  // Duplicates a file descriptor with the dup function and returns
+  // the duplicate as a file object.
+  FMT_API static file dup(int fd);
+
+  // Makes fd be the copy of this file descriptor, closing fd first if
+  // necessary.
+  FMT_API void dup2(int fd);
+
+  // Makes fd be the copy of this file descriptor, closing fd first if
+  // necessary.
+  FMT_API void dup2(int fd, error_code& ec) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+  // Creates a pipe setting up read_end and write_end file objects for reading
+  // and writing respectively.
+  FMT_API static void pipe(file& read_end, file& write_end);
+
+  // Creates a buffered_file object associated with this file and detaches
+  // this file object from the file.
+  FMT_API buffered_file fdopen(const char* mode);
+};
+
+// Returns the memory page size.
+long getpagesize();
+
+namespace detail {
+
+struct buffer_size {
+  size_t value = 0;
+  buffer_size operator=(size_t val) const {
+    auto bs = buffer_size();
+    bs.value = val;
+    return bs;
+  }
+};
+
+struct ostream_params {
+  int oflag = file::WRONLY | file::CREATE;
+  size_t buffer_size = BUFSIZ > 32768 ? BUFSIZ : 32768;
+
+  ostream_params() {}
+
+  template <typename... T>
+  ostream_params(T... params, int oflag) : ostream_params(params...) {
+    this->oflag = oflag;
+  }
+
+  template <typename... T>
+  ostream_params(T... params, detail::buffer_size bs)
+      : ostream_params(params...) {
+    this->buffer_size = bs.value;
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+static constexpr detail::buffer_size buffer_size;
+
+// A fast output stream which is not thread-safe.
+class ostream final : private detail::buffer<char> {
+ private:
+  file file_;
+
+  void flush() {
+    if (size() == 0) return;
+    file_.write(data(), size());
+    clear();
+  }
+
+  FMT_API void grow(size_t) override final;
+
+  ostream(cstring_view path, const detail::ostream_params& params)
+      : file_(path, params.oflag) {
+    set(new char[params.buffer_size], params.buffer_size);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  ostream(ostream&& other)
+      : detail::buffer<char>(other.data(), other.size(), other.capacity()),
+        file_(std::move(other.file_)) {
+    other.set(nullptr, 0);
+  }
+  ~ostream() {
+    flush();
+    delete[] data();
+  }
+
+  template <typename... T>
+  friend ostream output_file(cstring_view path, T... params);
+
+  void close() {
+    flush();
+    file_.close();
+  }
+
+  template <typename S, typename... Args>
+  void print(const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
+    format_to(detail::buffer_appender<char>(*this), format_str, args...);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+  Opens a file for writing. Supported parameters passed in `params`:
+  * ``<integer>``: Output flags (``file::WRONLY | file::CREATE`` by default)
+  * ``buffer_size=<integer>``: Output buffer size
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+inline ostream output_file(cstring_view path, T... params) {
+  return {path, detail::ostream_params(params...)};
+}
+#endif  // FMT_USE_FCNTL
+
+#ifdef FMT_LOCALE
+// A "C" numeric locale.
+class locale {
+ private:
+#  ifdef _WIN32
+  using locale_t = _locale_t;
+
+  static void freelocale(locale_t loc) { _free_locale(loc); }
+
+  static double strtod_l(const char* nptr, char** endptr, _locale_t loc) {
+    return _strtod_l(nptr, endptr, loc);
+  }
+#  endif
+
+  locale_t locale_;
+
+ public:
+  using type = locale_t;
+  locale(const locale&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const locale&) = delete;
+
+  locale() {
+#  ifndef _WIN32
+    locale_ = FMT_SYSTEM(newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", nullptr));
+#  else
+    locale_ = _create_locale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
+#  endif
+    if (!locale_) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot create locale"));
+  }
+  ~locale() { freelocale(locale_); }
+
+  type get() const { return locale_; }
+
+  // Converts string to floating-point number and advances str past the end
+  // of the parsed input.
+  double strtod(const char*& str) const {
+    char* end = nullptr;
+    double result = strtod_l(str, &end, locale_);
+    str = end;
+    return result;
+  }
+};
+using Locale FMT_DEPRECATED_ALIAS = locale;
+#endif  // FMT_LOCALE
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_OS_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/ostream.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/ostream.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..29c58ec1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/ostream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - std::ostream support
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_OSTREAM_H_
+#define FMT_OSTREAM_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+template <typename Char> class basic_printf_parse_context;
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context;
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <class Char> class formatbuf : public std::basic_streambuf<Char> {
+ private:
+  using int_type = typename std::basic_streambuf<Char>::int_type;
+  using traits_type = typename std::basic_streambuf<Char>::traits_type;
+
+  buffer<Char>& buffer_;
+
+ public:
+  formatbuf(buffer<Char>& buf) : buffer_(buf) {}
+
+ protected:
+  // The put-area is actually always empty. This makes the implementation
+  // simpler and has the advantage that the streambuf and the buffer are always
+  // in sync and sputc never writes into uninitialized memory. The obvious
+  // disadvantage is that each call to sputc always results in a (virtual) call
+  // to overflow. There is no disadvantage here for sputn since this always
+  // results in a call to xsputn.
+
+  int_type overflow(int_type ch = traits_type::eof()) FMT_OVERRIDE {
+    if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(ch, traits_type::eof()))
+      buffer_.push_back(static_cast<Char>(ch));
+    return ch;
+  }
+
+  std::streamsize xsputn(const Char* s, std::streamsize count) FMT_OVERRIDE {
+    buffer_.append(s, s + count);
+    return count;
+  }
+};
+
+struct converter {
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integral<T>::value)> converter(T);
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct test_stream : std::basic_ostream<Char> {
+ private:
+  void_t<> operator<<(converter);
+};
+
+// Hide insertion operators for built-in types.
+template <typename Char, typename Traits>
+void_t<> operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>&, Char);
+template <typename Char, typename Traits>
+void_t<> operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>&, char);
+template <typename Traits>
+void_t<> operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, Traits>&, char);
+template <typename Traits>
+void_t<> operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, Traits>&, signed char);
+template <typename Traits>
+void_t<> operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, Traits>&, unsigned char);
+
+// Checks if T has a user-defined operator<< (e.g. not a member of
+// std::ostream).
+template <typename T, typename Char> class is_streamable {
+ private:
+  template <typename U>
+  static bool_constant<!std::is_same<decltype(std::declval<test_stream<Char>&>()
+                                              << std::declval<U>()),
+                                     void_t<>>::value>
+  test(int);
+
+  template <typename> static std::false_type test(...);
+
+  using result = decltype(test<T>(0));
+
+ public:
+  static const bool value = result::value;
+};
+
+// Write the content of buf to os.
+template <typename Char>
+void write_buffer(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, buffer<Char>& buf) {
+  const Char* buf_data = buf.data();
+  using unsigned_streamsize = std::make_unsigned<std::streamsize>::type;
+  unsigned_streamsize size = buf.size();
+  unsigned_streamsize max_size = to_unsigned(max_value<std::streamsize>());
+  do {
+    unsigned_streamsize n = size <= max_size ? size : max_size;
+    os.write(buf_data, static_cast<std::streamsize>(n));
+    buf_data += n;
+    size -= n;
+  } while (size != 0);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename T>
+void format_value(buffer<Char>& buf, const T& value,
+                  locale_ref loc = locale_ref()) {
+  formatbuf<Char> format_buf(buf);
+  std::basic_ostream<Char> output(&format_buf);
+#if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
+  if (loc) output.imbue(loc.get<std::locale>());
+#endif
+  output << value;
+  output.exceptions(std::ios_base::failbit | std::ios_base::badbit);
+  buf.try_resize(buf.size());
+}
+
+// Formats an object of type T that has an overloaded ostream operator<<.
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct fallback_formatter<T, Char, enable_if_t<is_streamable<T, Char>::value>>
+    : private formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char> {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char>::parse(ctx);
+  }
+  template <typename ParseCtx,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<
+                          ParseCtx, basic_printf_parse_context<Char>>::value)>
+  auto parse(ParseCtx& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename OutputIt>
+  auto format(const T& value, basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx)
+      -> OutputIt {
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+    format_value(buffer, value, ctx.locale());
+    basic_string_view<Char> str(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    return formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char>::format(str, ctx);
+  }
+  template <typename OutputIt>
+  auto format(const T& value, basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx)
+      -> OutputIt {
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+    format_value(buffer, value, ctx.locale());
+    return std::copy(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(), ctx.out());
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <typename Char>
+void vprint(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+            basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
+  detail::write_buffer(os, buffer);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Prints formatted data to the stream *os*.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print(cerr, "Don't {}!", "panic");
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = enable_if_t<detail::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
+void print(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
+  vprint(os, to_string_view(format_str),
+         fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+}
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_OSTREAM_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/posix.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/posix.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..da19e9d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/posix.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#include "os.h"
+#warning "fmt/posix.h is deprecated; use fmt/os.h instead"
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/printf.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/printf.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8c28ac23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/printf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - legacy printf implementation
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - 2016, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_PRINTF_H_
+#define FMT_PRINTF_H_
+
+#include <algorithm>  // std::max
+#include <limits>     // std::numeric_limits
+
+#include "ostream.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+
+// Checks if a value fits in int - used to avoid warnings about comparing
+// signed and unsigned integers.
+template <bool IsSigned> struct int_checker {
+  template <typename T> static bool fits_in_int(T value) {
+    unsigned max = max_value<int>();
+    return value <= max;
+  }
+  static bool fits_in_int(bool) { return true; }
+};
+
+template <> struct int_checker<true> {
+  template <typename T> static bool fits_in_int(T value) {
+    return value >= (std::numeric_limits<int>::min)() &&
+           value <= max_value<int>();
+  }
+  static bool fits_in_int(int) { return true; }
+};
+
+class printf_precision_handler {
+ public:
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  int operator()(T value) {
+    if (!int_checker<std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed>::fits_in_int(value))
+      FMT_THROW(format_error("number is too big"));
+    return (std::max)(static_cast<int>(value), 0);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  int operator()(T) {
+    FMT_THROW(format_error("precision is not integer"));
+    return 0;
+  }
+};
+
+// An argument visitor that returns true iff arg is a zero integer.
+class is_zero_int {
+ public:
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  bool operator()(T value) {
+    return value == 0;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  bool operator()(T) {
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T> struct make_unsigned_or_bool : std::make_unsigned<T> {};
+
+template <> struct make_unsigned_or_bool<bool> { using type = bool; };
+
+template <typename T, typename Context> class arg_converter {
+ private:
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  basic_format_arg<Context>& arg_;
+  char_type type_;
+
+ public:
+  arg_converter(basic_format_arg<Context>& arg, char_type type)
+      : arg_(arg), type_(type) {}
+
+  void operator()(bool value) {
+    if (type_ != 's') operator()<bool>(value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename U, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<U>::value)>
+  void operator()(U value) {
+    bool is_signed = type_ == 'd' || type_ == 'i';
+    using target_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, U, T>;
+    if (const_check(sizeof(target_type) <= sizeof(int))) {
+      // Extra casts are used to silence warnings.
+      if (is_signed) {
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
+            static_cast<int>(static_cast<target_type>(value)));
+      } else {
+        using unsigned_type = typename make_unsigned_or_bool<target_type>::type;
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
+            static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<unsigned_type>(value)));
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (is_signed) {
+        // glibc's printf doesn't sign extend arguments of smaller types:
+        //   std::printf("%lld", -42);  // prints "4294967254"
+        // but we don't have to do the same because it's a UB.
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(static_cast<long long>(value));
+      } else {
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
+            static_cast<typename make_unsigned_or_bool<U>::type>(value));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename U, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<U>::value)>
+  void operator()(U) {}  // No conversion needed for non-integral types.
+};
+
+// Converts an integer argument to T for printf, if T is an integral type.
+// If T is void, the argument is converted to corresponding signed or unsigned
+// type depending on the type specifier: 'd' and 'i' - signed, other -
+// unsigned).
+template <typename T, typename Context, typename Char>
+void convert_arg(basic_format_arg<Context>& arg, Char type) {
+  visit_format_arg(arg_converter<T, Context>(arg, type), arg);
+}
+
+// Converts an integer argument to char for printf.
+template <typename Context> class char_converter {
+ private:
+  basic_format_arg<Context>& arg_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit char_converter(basic_format_arg<Context>& arg) : arg_(arg) {}
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  void operator()(T value) {
+    arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
+        static_cast<typename Context::char_type>(value));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  void operator()(T) {}  // No conversion needed for non-integral types.
+};
+
+// An argument visitor that return a pointer to a C string if argument is a
+// string or null otherwise.
+template <typename Char> struct get_cstring {
+  template <typename T> const Char* operator()(T) { return nullptr; }
+  const Char* operator()(const Char* s) { return s; }
+};
+
+// Checks if an argument is a valid printf width specifier and sets
+// left alignment if it is negative.
+template <typename Char> class printf_width_handler {
+ private:
+  using format_specs = basic_format_specs<Char>;
+
+  format_specs& specs_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit printf_width_handler(format_specs& specs) : specs_(specs) {}
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  unsigned operator()(T value) {
+    auto width = static_cast<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<T>>(value);
+    if (detail::is_negative(value)) {
+      specs_.align = align::left;
+      width = 0 - width;
+    }
+    unsigned int_max = max_value<int>();
+    if (width > int_max) FMT_THROW(format_error("number is too big"));
+    return static_cast<unsigned>(width);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  unsigned operator()(T) {
+    FMT_THROW(format_error("width is not integer"));
+    return 0;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename Context>
+void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
+             basic_format_args<Context> args) {
+  Context(buffer_appender<Char>(buf), format, args).format();
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// For printing into memory_buffer.
+template <typename Char, typename Context>
+FMT_DEPRECATED void printf(detail::buffer<Char>& buf,
+                           basic_string_view<Char> format,
+                           basic_format_args<Context> args) {
+  return detail::vprintf(buf, format, args);
+}
+using detail::vprintf;
+
+template <typename Char>
+class basic_printf_parse_context : public basic_format_parse_context<Char> {
+  using basic_format_parse_context<Char>::basic_format_parse_context;
+};
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context;
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  The ``printf`` argument formatter.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+class printf_arg_formatter : public detail::arg_formatter_base<OutputIt, Char> {
+ public:
+  using iterator = OutputIt;
+
+ private:
+  using char_type = Char;
+  using base = detail::arg_formatter_base<OutputIt, Char>;
+  using context_type = basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>;
+
+  context_type& context_;
+
+  void write_null_pointer(char) {
+    this->specs()->type = 0;
+    this->write("(nil)");
+  }
+
+  void write_null_pointer(wchar_t) {
+    this->specs()->type = 0;
+    this->write(L"(nil)");
+  }
+
+ public:
+  using format_specs = typename base::format_specs;
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Constructs an argument formatter object.
+    *buffer* is a reference to the output buffer and *specs* contains format
+    specifier information for standard argument types.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  printf_arg_formatter(iterator iter, format_specs& specs, context_type& ctx)
+      : base(iter, &specs, detail::locale_ref()), context_(ctx) {}
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(fmt::detail::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  iterator operator()(T value) {
+    // MSVC2013 fails to compile separate overloads for bool and char_type so
+    // use std::is_same instead.
+    if (std::is_same<T, bool>::value) {
+      format_specs& fmt_specs = *this->specs();
+      if (fmt_specs.type != 's') return base::operator()(value ? 1 : 0);
+      fmt_specs.type = 0;
+      this->write(value != 0);
+    } else if (std::is_same<T, char_type>::value) {
+      format_specs& fmt_specs = *this->specs();
+      if (fmt_specs.type && fmt_specs.type != 'c')
+        return (*this)(static_cast<int>(value));
+      fmt_specs.sign = sign::none;
+      fmt_specs.alt = false;
+      fmt_specs.fill[0] = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for char types.
+      // align::numeric needs to be overwritten here since the '0' flag is
+      // ignored for non-numeric types
+      if (fmt_specs.align == align::none || fmt_specs.align == align::numeric)
+        fmt_specs.align = align::right;
+      return base::operator()(value);
+    } else {
+      return base::operator()(value);
+    }
+    return this->out();
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+  iterator operator()(T value) {
+    return base::operator()(value);
+  }
+
+  /** Formats a null-terminated C string. */
+  iterator operator()(const char* value) {
+    if (value)
+      base::operator()(value);
+    else if (this->specs()->type == 'p')
+      write_null_pointer(char_type());
+    else
+      this->write("(null)");
+    return this->out();
+  }
+
+  /** Formats a null-terminated wide C string. */
+  iterator operator()(const wchar_t* value) {
+    if (value)
+      base::operator()(value);
+    else if (this->specs()->type == 'p')
+      write_null_pointer(char_type());
+    else
+      this->write(L"(null)");
+    return this->out();
+  }
+
+  iterator operator()(basic_string_view<char_type> value) {
+    return base::operator()(value);
+  }
+
+  iterator operator()(monostate value) { return base::operator()(value); }
+
+  /** Formats a pointer. */
+  iterator operator()(const void* value) {
+    if (value) return base::operator()(value);
+    this->specs()->type = 0;
+    write_null_pointer(char_type());
+    return this->out();
+  }
+
+  /** Formats an argument of a custom (user-defined) type. */
+  iterator operator()(typename basic_format_arg<context_type>::handle handle) {
+    handle.format(context_.parse_context(), context_);
+    return this->out();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T> struct printf_formatter {
+  printf_formatter() = delete;
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const T& value, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    detail::format_value(detail::get_container(ctx.out()), value);
+    return ctx.out();
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ This template formats data and writes the output through an output iterator.
+ */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context {
+ public:
+  /** The character type for the output. */
+  using char_type = Char;
+  using iterator = OutputIt;
+  using format_arg = basic_format_arg<basic_printf_context>;
+  using parse_context_type = basic_printf_parse_context<Char>;
+  template <typename T> using formatter_type = printf_formatter<T>;
+
+ private:
+  using format_specs = basic_format_specs<char_type>;
+
+  OutputIt out_;
+  basic_format_args<basic_printf_context> args_;
+  parse_context_type parse_ctx_;
+
+  static void parse_flags(format_specs& specs, const Char*& it,
+                          const Char* end);
+
+  // Returns the argument with specified index or, if arg_index is -1, the next
+  // argument.
+  format_arg get_arg(int arg_index = -1);
+
+  // Parses argument index, flags and width and returns the argument index.
+  int parse_header(const Char*& it, const Char* end, format_specs& specs);
+
+ public:
+  /**
+   \rst
+   Constructs a ``printf_context`` object. References to the arguments are
+   stored in the context object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
+   \endrst
+   */
+  basic_printf_context(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<char_type> format_str,
+                       basic_format_args<basic_printf_context> args)
+      : out_(out), args_(args), parse_ctx_(format_str) {}
+
+  OutputIt out() { return out_; }
+  void advance_to(OutputIt it) { out_ = it; }
+
+  detail::locale_ref locale() { return {}; }
+
+  format_arg arg(int id) const { return args_.get(id); }
+
+  parse_context_type& parse_context() { return parse_ctx_; }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    parse_ctx_.on_error(message);
+  }
+
+  /** Formats stored arguments and writes the output to the range. */
+  template <typename ArgFormatter = printf_arg_formatter<OutputIt, Char>>
+  OutputIt format();
+};
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+void basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::parse_flags(format_specs& specs,
+                                                       const Char*& it,
+                                                       const Char* end) {
+  for (; it != end; ++it) {
+    switch (*it) {
+    case '-':
+      specs.align = align::left;
+      break;
+    case '+':
+      specs.sign = sign::plus;
+      break;
+    case '0':
+      specs.fill[0] = '0';
+      break;
+    case ' ':
+      if (specs.sign != sign::plus) {
+        specs.sign = sign::space;
+      }
+      break;
+    case '#':
+      specs.alt = true;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+typename basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::format_arg
+basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::get_arg(int arg_index) {
+  if (arg_index < 0)
+    arg_index = parse_ctx_.next_arg_id();
+  else
+    parse_ctx_.check_arg_id(--arg_index);
+  return detail::get_arg(*this, arg_index);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+int basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::parse_header(const Char*& it,
+                                                       const Char* end,
+                                                       format_specs& specs) {
+  int arg_index = -1;
+  char_type c = *it;
+  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+    // Parse an argument index (if followed by '$') or a width possibly
+    // preceded with '0' flag(s).
+    detail::error_handler eh;
+    int value = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, eh);
+    if (it != end && *it == '$') {  // value is an argument index
+      ++it;
+      arg_index = value;
+    } else {
+      if (c == '0') specs.fill[0] = '0';
+      if (value != 0) {
+        // Nonzero value means that we parsed width and don't need to
+        // parse it or flags again, so return now.
+        specs.width = value;
+        return arg_index;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  parse_flags(specs, it, end);
+  // Parse width.
+  if (it != end) {
+    if (*it >= '0' && *it <= '9') {
+      detail::error_handler eh;
+      specs.width = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, eh);
+    } else if (*it == '*') {
+      ++it;
+      specs.width = static_cast<int>(visit_format_arg(
+          detail::printf_width_handler<char_type>(specs), get_arg()));
+    }
+  }
+  return arg_index;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+template <typename ArgFormatter>
+OutputIt basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::format() {
+  auto out = this->out();
+  const Char* start = parse_ctx_.begin();
+  const Char* end = parse_ctx_.end();
+  auto it = start;
+  while (it != end) {
+    char_type c = *it++;
+    if (c != '%') continue;
+    if (it != end && *it == c) {
+      out = std::copy(start, it, out);
+      start = ++it;
+      continue;
+    }
+    out = std::copy(start, it - 1, out);
+
+    format_specs specs;
+    specs.align = align::right;
+
+    // Parse argument index, flags and width.
+    int arg_index = parse_header(it, end, specs);
+    if (arg_index == 0) on_error("argument not found");
+
+    // Parse precision.
+    if (it != end && *it == '.') {
+      ++it;
+      c = it != end ? *it : 0;
+      if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
+        detail::error_handler eh;
+        specs.precision = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, eh);
+      } else if (c == '*') {
+        ++it;
+        specs.precision = static_cast<int>(
+            visit_format_arg(detail::printf_precision_handler(), get_arg()));
+      } else {
+        specs.precision = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    format_arg arg = get_arg(arg_index);
+    // For d, i, o, u, x, and X conversion specifiers, if a precision is
+    // specified, the '0' flag is ignored
+    if (specs.precision >= 0 && arg.is_integral())
+      specs.fill[0] =
+          ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types or if '-' present.
+    if (specs.precision >= 0 && arg.type() == detail::type::cstring_type) {
+      auto str = visit_format_arg(detail::get_cstring<Char>(), arg);
+      auto str_end = str + specs.precision;
+      auto nul = std::find(str, str_end, Char());
+      arg = detail::make_arg<basic_printf_context>(basic_string_view<Char>(
+          str,
+          detail::to_unsigned(nul != str_end ? nul - str : specs.precision)));
+    }
+    if (specs.alt && visit_format_arg(detail::is_zero_int(), arg))
+      specs.alt = false;
+    if (specs.fill[0] == '0') {
+      if (arg.is_arithmetic() && specs.align != align::left)
+        specs.align = align::numeric;
+      else
+        specs.fill[0] = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types or if '-'
+                              // flag is also present.
+    }
+
+    // Parse length and convert the argument to the required type.
+    c = it != end ? *it++ : 0;
+    char_type t = it != end ? *it : 0;
+    using detail::convert_arg;
+    switch (c) {
+    case 'h':
+      if (t == 'h') {
+        ++it;
+        t = it != end ? *it : 0;
+        convert_arg<signed char>(arg, t);
+      } else {
+        convert_arg<short>(arg, t);
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'l':
+      if (t == 'l') {
+        ++it;
+        t = it != end ? *it : 0;
+        convert_arg<long long>(arg, t);
+      } else {
+        convert_arg<long>(arg, t);
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'j':
+      convert_arg<intmax_t>(arg, t);
+      break;
+    case 'z':
+      convert_arg<size_t>(arg, t);
+      break;
+    case 't':
+      convert_arg<std::ptrdiff_t>(arg, t);
+      break;
+    case 'L':
+      // printf produces garbage when 'L' is omitted for long double, no
+      // need to do the same.
+      break;
+    default:
+      --it;
+      convert_arg<void>(arg, c);
+    }
+
+    // Parse type.
+    if (it == end) FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format string"));
+    specs.type = static_cast<char>(*it++);
+    if (arg.is_integral()) {
+      // Normalize type.
+      switch (specs.type) {
+      case 'i':
+      case 'u':
+        specs.type = 'd';
+        break;
+      case 'c':
+        visit_format_arg(detail::char_converter<basic_printf_context>(arg),
+                         arg);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    start = it;
+
+    // Format argument.
+    out = visit_format_arg(ArgFormatter(out, specs, *this), arg);
+  }
+  return std::copy(start, it, out);
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+using basic_printf_context_t =
+    basic_printf_context<detail::buffer_appender<Char>, Char>;
+
+using printf_context = basic_printf_context_t<char>;
+using wprintf_context = basic_printf_context_t<wchar_t>;
+
+using printf_args = basic_format_args<printf_context>;
+using wprintf_args = basic_format_args<wprintf_context>;
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Constructs an `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references to
+  arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::printf_args`.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename... Args>
+inline format_arg_store<printf_context, Args...> make_printf_args(
+    const Args&... args) {
+  return {args...};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Constructs an `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references to
+  arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::wprintf_args`.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename... Args>
+inline format_arg_store<wprintf_context, Args...> make_wprintf_args(
+    const Args&... args) {
+  return {args...};
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline std::basic_string<Char> vsprintf(
+    const S& format,
+    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  vprintf(buffer, to_string_view(format), args);
+  return to_string(buffer);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats arguments and returns the result as a string.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    std::string message = fmt::sprintf("The answer is %d", 42);
+  \endrst
+*/
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = enable_if_t<detail::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
+inline std::basic_string<Char> sprintf(const S& format, const Args&... args) {
+  using context = basic_printf_context_t<Char>;
+  return vsprintf(to_string_view(format), make_format_args<context>(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline int vfprintf(
+    std::FILE* f, const S& format,
+    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  vprintf(buffer, to_string_view(format), args);
+  size_t size = buffer.size();
+  return std::fwrite(buffer.data(), sizeof(Char), size, f) < size
+             ? -1
+             : static_cast<int>(size);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Prints formatted data to the file *f*.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::fprintf(stderr, "Don't %s!", "panic");
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = enable_if_t<detail::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
+inline int fprintf(std::FILE* f, const S& format, const Args&... args) {
+  using context = basic_printf_context_t<Char>;
+  return vfprintf(f, to_string_view(format),
+                  make_format_args<context>(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline int vprintf(
+    const S& format,
+    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  return vfprintf(stdout, to_string_view(format), args);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Prints formatted data to ``stdout``.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::printf("Elapsed time: %.2f seconds", 1.23);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
+inline int printf(const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
+  using context = basic_printf_context_t<char_t<S>>;
+  return vprintf(to_string_view(format_str),
+                 make_format_args<context>(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline int vfprintf(
+    std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, const S& format,
+    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  vprintf(buffer, to_string_view(format), args);
+  detail::write_buffer(os, buffer);
+  return static_cast<int>(buffer.size());
+}
+
+/** Formats arguments and writes the output to the range. */
+template <typename ArgFormatter, typename Char,
+          typename Context =
+              basic_printf_context<typename ArgFormatter::iterator, Char>>
+typename ArgFormatter::iterator vprintf(
+    detail::buffer<Char>& out, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<type_identity_t<Context>> args) {
+  typename ArgFormatter::iterator iter(out);
+  Context(iter, format_str, args).template format<ArgFormatter>();
+  return iter;
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Prints formatted data to the stream *os*.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::fprintf(cerr, "Don't %s!", "panic");
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline int fprintf(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, const S& format_str,
+                   const Args&... args) {
+  using context = basic_printf_context_t<Char>;
+  return vfprintf(os, to_string_view(format_str),
+                  make_format_args<context>(args...));
+}
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_PRINTF_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/ranges.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/ranges.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..632f0494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/bundled/ranges.h
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - experimental range support
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018 - present, Remotion (Igor Schulz)
+// All Rights Reserved
+// {fmt} support for ranges, containers and types tuple interface.
+
+#ifndef FMT_RANGES_H_
+#define FMT_RANGES_H_
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+// output only up to N items from the range.
+#ifndef FMT_RANGE_OUTPUT_LENGTH_LIMIT
+#  define FMT_RANGE_OUTPUT_LENGTH_LIMIT 256
+#endif
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+template <typename Char> struct formatting_base {
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename Enable = void>
+struct formatting_range : formatting_base<Char> {
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const size_t range_length_limit =
+      FMT_RANGE_OUTPUT_LENGTH_LIMIT;  // output only up to N items from the
+                                      // range.
+  Char prefix;
+  Char delimiter;
+  Char postfix;
+  formatting_range() : prefix('{'), delimiter(','), postfix('}') {}
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool add_delimiter_spaces = true;
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool add_prepostfix_space = false;
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename Enable = void>
+struct formatting_tuple : formatting_base<Char> {
+  Char prefix;
+  Char delimiter;
+  Char postfix;
+  formatting_tuple() : prefix('('), delimiter(','), postfix(')') {}
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool add_delimiter_spaces = true;
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool add_prepostfix_space = false;
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename RangeT, typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator copy(const RangeT& range, OutputIterator out) {
+  for (auto it = range.begin(), end = range.end(); it != end; ++it)
+    *out++ = *it;
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator copy(const char* str, OutputIterator out) {
+  while (*str) *out++ = *str++;
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator copy(char ch, OutputIterator out) {
+  *out++ = ch;
+  return out;
+}
+
+/// Return true value if T has std::string interface, like std::string_view.
+template <typename T> class is_like_std_string {
+  template <typename U>
+  static auto check(U* p)
+      -> decltype((void)p->find('a'), p->length(), (void)p->data(), int());
+  template <typename> static void check(...);
+
+ public:
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool value =
+      is_string<T>::value || !std::is_void<decltype(check<T>(nullptr))>::value;
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct is_like_std_string<fmt::basic_string_view<Char>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename... Ts> struct conditional_helper {};
+
+template <typename T, typename _ = void> struct is_range_ : std::false_type {};
+
+#if !FMT_MSC_VER || FMT_MSC_VER > 1800
+template <typename T>
+struct is_range_<
+    T, conditional_t<false,
+                     conditional_helper<decltype(std::declval<T>().begin()),
+                                        decltype(std::declval<T>().end())>,
+                     void>> : std::true_type {};
+#endif
+
+/// tuple_size and tuple_element check.
+template <typename T> class is_tuple_like_ {
+  template <typename U>
+  static auto check(U* p) -> decltype(std::tuple_size<U>::value, int());
+  template <typename> static void check(...);
+
+ public:
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool value =
+      !std::is_void<decltype(check<T>(nullptr))>::value;
+};
+
+// Check for integer_sequence
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_integer_sequence) || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900
+template <typename T, T... N>
+using integer_sequence = std::integer_sequence<T, N...>;
+template <size_t... N> using index_sequence = std::index_sequence<N...>;
+template <size_t N> using make_index_sequence = std::make_index_sequence<N>;
+#else
+template <typename T, T... N> struct integer_sequence {
+  using value_type = T;
+
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR size_t size() { return sizeof...(N); }
+};
+
+template <size_t... N> using index_sequence = integer_sequence<size_t, N...>;
+
+template <typename T, size_t N, T... Ns>
+struct make_integer_sequence : make_integer_sequence<T, N - 1, N - 1, Ns...> {};
+template <typename T, T... Ns>
+struct make_integer_sequence<T, 0, Ns...> : integer_sequence<T, Ns...> {};
+
+template <size_t N>
+using make_index_sequence = make_integer_sequence<size_t, N>;
+#endif
+
+template <class Tuple, class F, size_t... Is>
+void for_each(index_sequence<Is...>, Tuple&& tup, F&& f) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  using std::get;
+  // using free function get<I>(T) now.
+  const int _[] = {0, ((void)f(get<Is>(tup)), 0)...};
+  (void)_;  // blocks warnings
+}
+
+template <class T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<T>::value> get_indexes(
+    T const&) {
+  return {};
+}
+
+template <class Tuple, class F> void for_each(Tuple&& tup, F&& f) {
+  const auto indexes = get_indexes(tup);
+  for_each(indexes, std::forward<Tuple>(tup), std::forward<F>(f));
+}
+
+template <typename Range>
+using value_type = remove_cvref_t<decltype(*std::declval<Range>().begin())>;
+
+template <typename Arg, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_like_std_string<
+                                      typename std::decay<Arg>::type>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* format_str_quoted(bool add_space, const Arg&) {
+  return add_space ? " {}" : "{}";
+}
+
+template <typename Arg, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_like_std_string<
+                                      typename std::decay<Arg>::type>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* format_str_quoted(bool add_space, const Arg&) {
+  return add_space ? " \"{}\"" : "\"{}\"";
+}
+
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* format_str_quoted(bool add_space, const char*) {
+  return add_space ? " \"{}\"" : "\"{}\"";
+}
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const wchar_t* format_str_quoted(bool add_space, const wchar_t*) {
+  return add_space ? L" \"{}\"" : L"\"{}\"";
+}
+
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const char* format_str_quoted(bool add_space, const char) {
+  return add_space ? " '{}'" : "'{}'";
+}
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const wchar_t* format_str_quoted(bool add_space, const wchar_t) {
+  return add_space ? L" '{}'" : L"'{}'";
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <typename T> struct is_tuple_like {
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool value =
+      detail::is_tuple_like_<T>::value && !detail::is_range_<T>::value;
+};
+
+template <typename TupleT, typename Char>
+struct formatter<TupleT, Char, enable_if_t<fmt::is_tuple_like<TupleT>::value>> {
+ private:
+  // C++11 generic lambda for format()
+  template <typename FormatContext> struct format_each {
+    template <typename T> void operator()(const T& v) {
+      if (i > 0) {
+        if (formatting.add_prepostfix_space) {
+          *out++ = ' ';
+        }
+        out = detail::copy(formatting.delimiter, out);
+      }
+      out = format_to(out,
+                      detail::format_str_quoted(
+                          (formatting.add_delimiter_spaces && i > 0), v),
+                      v);
+      ++i;
+    }
+
+    formatting_tuple<Char>& formatting;
+    size_t& i;
+    typename std::add_lvalue_reference<decltype(
+        std::declval<FormatContext>().out())>::type out;
+  };
+
+ public:
+  formatting_tuple<Char> formatting;
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return formatting.parse(ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext = format_context>
+  auto format(const TupleT& values, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    size_t i = 0;
+    detail::copy(formatting.prefix, out);
+
+    detail::for_each(values, format_each<FormatContext>{formatting, i, out});
+    if (formatting.add_prepostfix_space) {
+      *out++ = ' ';
+    }
+    detail::copy(formatting.postfix, out);
+
+    return ctx.out();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char> struct is_range {
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool value =
+      detail::is_range_<T>::value && !detail::is_like_std_string<T>::value &&
+      !std::is_convertible<T, std::basic_string<Char>>::value &&
+      !std::is_constructible<detail::std_string_view<Char>, T>::value;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct formatter<
+    T, Char,
+    enable_if_t<fmt::is_range<T, Char>::value
+// Workaround a bug in MSVC 2017 and earlier.
+#if !FMT_MSC_VER || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1927
+                &&
+                (has_formatter<detail::value_type<T>, format_context>::value ||
+                 detail::has_fallback_formatter<detail::value_type<T>,
+                                                format_context>::value)
+#endif
+                >> {
+  formatting_range<Char> formatting;
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return formatting.parse(ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  typename FormatContext::iterator format(const T& values, FormatContext& ctx) {
+    auto out = detail::copy(formatting.prefix, ctx.out());
+    size_t i = 0;
+    auto it = values.begin();
+    auto end = values.end();
+    for (; it != end; ++it) {
+      if (i > 0) {
+        if (formatting.add_prepostfix_space) *out++ = ' ';
+        out = detail::copy(formatting.delimiter, out);
+      }
+      out = format_to(out,
+                      detail::format_str_quoted(
+                          (formatting.add_delimiter_spaces && i > 0), *it),
+                      *it);
+      if (++i > formatting.range_length_limit) {
+        out = format_to(out, " ... <other elements>");
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    if (formatting.add_prepostfix_space) *out++ = ' ';
+    return detail::copy(formatting.postfix, out);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename... T> struct tuple_arg_join : detail::view {
+  const std::tuple<T...>& tuple;
+  basic_string_view<Char> sep;
+
+  tuple_arg_join(const std::tuple<T...>& t, basic_string_view<Char> s)
+      : tuple{t}, sep{s} {}
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename... T>
+struct formatter<tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>, Char> {
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  typename FormatContext::iterator format(
+      const tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>& value, FormatContext& ctx) {
+    return format(value, ctx, detail::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>{});
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename FormatContext, size_t... N>
+  typename FormatContext::iterator format(
+      const tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>& value, FormatContext& ctx,
+      detail::index_sequence<N...>) {
+    return format_args(value, ctx, std::get<N>(value.tuple)...);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  typename FormatContext::iterator format_args(
+      const tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>&, FormatContext& ctx) {
+    // NOTE: for compilers that support C++17, this empty function instantiation
+    // can be replaced with a constexpr branch in the variadic overload.
+    return ctx.out();
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+  typename FormatContext::iterator format_args(
+      const tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>& value, FormatContext& ctx,
+      const Arg& arg, const Args&... args) {
+    using base = formatter<typename std::decay<Arg>::type, Char>;
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    out = base{}.format(arg, ctx);
+    if (sizeof...(Args) > 0) {
+      out = std::copy(value.sep.begin(), value.sep.end(), out);
+      ctx.advance_to(out);
+      return format_args(value, ctx, args...);
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Returns an object that formats `tuple` with elements separated by `sep`.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    std::tuple<int, char> t = {1, 'a'};
+    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(t, ", "));
+    // Output: "1, a"
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR tuple_arg_join<char, T...> join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple,
+                                              string_view sep) {
+  return {tuple, sep};
+}
+
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR tuple_arg_join<wchar_t, T...> join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple,
+                                                 wstring_view sep) {
+  return {tuple, sep};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Returns an object that formats `initializer_list` with elements separated by
+  `sep`.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join({1, 2, 3}, ", "));
+    // Output: "1, 2, 3"
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename T>
+arg_join<const T*, const T*, char> join(std::initializer_list<T> list,
+                                        string_view sep) {
+  return join(std::begin(list), std::end(list), sep);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+arg_join<const T*, const T*, wchar_t> join(std::initializer_list<T> list,
+                                           wstring_view sep) {
+  return join(std::begin(list), std::end(list), sep);
+}
+
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_RANGES_H_
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/chrono.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/chrono.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1fb7a06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/chrono.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//
+// Copyright(c) 2016 Gabi Melman.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+//
+
+#pragma once
+//
+// include bundled or external copy of fmtlib's chrono support
+//
+
+#if !defined(SPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL)
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#ifndef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+#define FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+#endif
+#endif
+#include <spdlog/fmt/bundled/chrono.h>
+#else
+#include <fmt/chrono.h>
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/fmt.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/fmt.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ec10ac33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/fmt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//
+// Copyright(c) 2016-2018 Gabi Melman.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+//
+// Include a bundled header-only copy of fmtlib or an external one.
+// By default spdlog include its own copy.
+//
+
+#if !defined(SPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL)
+#if !defined(SPDLOG_COMPILED_LIB) && !defined(FMT_HEADER_ONLY)
+#define FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+#endif
+#ifndef FMT_USE_WINDOWS_H
+#define FMT_USE_WINDOWS_H 0
+#endif
+// enable the 'n' flag in for backward compatibility with fmt 6.x
+#define FMT_DEPRECATED_N_SPECIFIER
+#include <spdlog/fmt/bundled/core.h>
+#include <spdlog/fmt/bundled/format.h>
+#else // SPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL is defined - use external fmtlib
+#include <fmt/core.h>
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/ostr.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/ostr.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f82eb679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fmt/ostr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+//
+// Copyright(c) 2016 Gabi Melman.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+//
+
+#pragma once
+//
+// include bundled or external copy of fmtlib's ostream support
+//
+
+#if !defined(SPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL)
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#ifndef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+#define FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+#endif
+#endif
+#include <spdlog/fmt/bundled/ostream.h>
+#else
+#include <fmt/ostream.h>
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/formatter.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/formatter.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5086fb21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/formatter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/fmt/fmt.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+class formatter
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~formatter() = default;
+    virtual void format(const details::log_msg &msg, memory_buf_t &dest) = 0;
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<formatter> clone() const = 0;
+};
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fwd.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fwd.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cc05ddd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/fwd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace spdlog {
+class logger;
+class formatter;
+
+namespace sinks {
+class sink;
+}
+
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/logger-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/logger-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d01c08da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/logger-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/logger.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/sinks/sink.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/backtracer.h>
+#include <spdlog/pattern_formatter.h>
+
+#include <cstdio>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+// public methods
+SPDLOG_INLINE logger::logger(const logger &other)
+    : name_(other.name_)
+    , sinks_(other.sinks_)
+    , level_(other.level_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
+    , flush_level_(other.flush_level_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed))
+    , custom_err_handler_(other.custom_err_handler_)
+    , tracer_(other.tracer_)
+{}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE logger::logger(logger &&other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT : name_(std::move(other.name_)),
+                                                               sinks_(std::move(other.sinks_)),
+                                                               level_(other.level_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)),
+                                                               flush_level_(other.flush_level_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed)),
+                                                               custom_err_handler_(std::move(other.custom_err_handler_)),
+                                                               tracer_(std::move(other.tracer_))
+
+{}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE logger &logger::operator=(logger other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    this->swap(other);
+    return *this;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::swap(spdlog::logger &other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT
+{
+    name_.swap(other.name_);
+    sinks_.swap(other.sinks_);
+
+    // swap level_
+    auto other_level = other.level_.load();
+    auto my_level = level_.exchange(other_level);
+    other.level_.store(my_level);
+
+    // swap flush level_
+    other_level = other.flush_level_.load();
+    my_level = flush_level_.exchange(other_level);
+    other.flush_level_.store(my_level);
+
+    custom_err_handler_.swap(other.custom_err_handler_);
+    std::swap(tracer_, other.tracer_);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void swap(logger &a, logger &b)
+{
+    a.swap(b);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::set_level(level::level_enum log_level)
+{
+    level_.store(log_level);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE level::level_enum logger::level() const
+{
+    return static_cast<level::level_enum>(level_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE const std::string &logger::name() const
+{
+    return name_;
+}
+
+// set formatting for the sinks in this logger.
+// each sink will get a separate instance of the formatter object.
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<formatter> f)
+{
+    for (auto it = sinks_.begin(); it != sinks_.end(); ++it)
+    {
+        if (std::next(it) == sinks_.end())
+        {
+            // last element - we can be move it.
+            (*it)->set_formatter(std::move(f));
+            break; // to prevent clang-tidy warning
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            (*it)->set_formatter(f->clone());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::set_pattern(std::string pattern, pattern_time_type time_type)
+{
+    auto new_formatter = details::make_unique<pattern_formatter>(std::move(pattern), time_type);
+    set_formatter(std::move(new_formatter));
+}
+
+// create new backtrace sink and move to it all our child sinks
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::enable_backtrace(size_t n_messages)
+{
+    tracer_.enable(n_messages);
+}
+
+// restore orig sinks and level and delete the backtrace sink
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::disable_backtrace()
+{
+    tracer_.disable();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::dump_backtrace()
+{
+    dump_backtrace_();
+}
+
+// flush functions
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::flush()
+{
+    flush_();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::flush_on(level::level_enum log_level)
+{
+    flush_level_.store(log_level);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE level::level_enum logger::flush_level() const
+{
+    return static_cast<level::level_enum>(flush_level_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
+}
+
+// sinks
+SPDLOG_INLINE const std::vector<sink_ptr> &logger::sinks() const
+{
+    return sinks_;
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::vector<sink_ptr> &logger::sinks()
+{
+    return sinks_;
+}
+
+// error handler
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::set_error_handler(err_handler handler)
+{
+    custom_err_handler_ = std::move(handler);
+}
+
+// create new logger with same sinks and configuration.
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> logger::clone(std::string logger_name)
+{
+    auto cloned = std::make_shared<logger>(*this);
+    cloned->name_ = std::move(logger_name);
+    return cloned;
+}
+
+// protected methods
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::log_it_(const spdlog::details::log_msg &log_msg, bool log_enabled, bool traceback_enabled)
+{
+    if (log_enabled)
+    {
+        sink_it_(log_msg);
+    }
+    if (traceback_enabled)
+    {
+        tracer_.push_back(log_msg);
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg)
+{
+    for (auto &sink : sinks_)
+    {
+        if (sink->should_log(msg.level))
+        {
+            SPDLOG_TRY
+            {
+                sink->log(msg);
+            }
+            SPDLOG_LOGGER_CATCH()
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (should_flush_(msg))
+    {
+        flush_();
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::flush_()
+{
+    for (auto &sink : sinks_)
+    {
+        SPDLOG_TRY
+        {
+            sink->flush();
+        }
+        SPDLOG_LOGGER_CATCH()
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::dump_backtrace_()
+{
+    using details::log_msg;
+    if (tracer_.enabled())
+    {
+        sink_it_(log_msg{name(), level::info, "****************** Backtrace Start ******************"});
+        tracer_.foreach_pop([this](const log_msg &msg) { this->sink_it_(msg); });
+        sink_it_(log_msg{name(), level::info, "****************** Backtrace End ********************"});
+    }
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE bool logger::should_flush_(const details::log_msg &msg)
+{
+    auto flush_level = flush_level_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    return (msg.level >= flush_level) && (msg.level != level::off);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void logger::err_handler_(const std::string &msg)
+{
+    if (custom_err_handler_)
+    {
+        custom_err_handler_(msg);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        using std::chrono::system_clock;
+        static std::mutex mutex;
+        static std::chrono::system_clock::time_point last_report_time;
+        static size_t err_counter = 0;
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk{mutex};
+        auto now = system_clock::now();
+        err_counter++;
+        if (now - last_report_time < std::chrono::seconds(1))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        last_report_time = now;
+        auto tm_time = details::os::localtime(system_clock::to_time_t(now));
+        char date_buf[64];
+        std::strftime(date_buf, sizeof(date_buf), "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", &tm_time);
+#if defined(USING_R) && defined(R_R_H) // if in R environment
+        REprintf("[*** LOG ERROR #%04zu ***] [%s] [%s] {%s}\n", err_counter, date_buf, name().c_str(), msg.c_str());
+#else
+        std::fprintf(stderr, "[*** LOG ERROR #%04zu ***] [%s] [%s] {%s}\n", err_counter, date_buf, name().c_str(), msg.c_str());
+#endif
+    }
+}
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/logger.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/logger.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a34c5221
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/logger.h
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Thread safe logger (except for set_error_handler())
+// Has name, log level, vector of std::shared sink pointers and formatter
+// Upon each log write the logger:
+// 1. Checks if its log level is enough to log the message and if yes:
+// 2. Call the underlying sinks to do the job.
+// 3. Each sink use its own private copy of a formatter to format the message
+// and send to its destination.
+//
+// The use of private formatter per sink provides the opportunity to cache some
+// formatted data, and support for different format per sink.
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/backtracer.h>
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <vector>
+#ifndef SPDLOG_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_CATCH()                                                                                                              \
+    catch (const std::exception &ex)                                                                                                       \
+    {                                                                                                                                      \
+        err_handler_(ex.what());                                                                                                           \
+    }                                                                                                                                      \
+    catch (...)                                                                                                                            \
+    {                                                                                                                                      \
+        err_handler_("Unknown exception in logger");                                                                                       \
+    }
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_CATCH()
+#endif
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+class SPDLOG_API logger
+{
+public:
+    // Empty logger
+    explicit logger(std::string name)
+        : name_(std::move(name))
+        , sinks_()
+    {}
+
+    // Logger with range on sinks
+    template<typename It>
+    logger(std::string name, It begin, It end)
+        : name_(std::move(name))
+        , sinks_(begin, end)
+    {}
+
+    // Logger with single sink
+    logger(std::string name, sink_ptr single_sink)
+        : logger(std::move(name), {std::move(single_sink)})
+    {}
+
+    // Logger with sinks init list
+    logger(std::string name, sinks_init_list sinks)
+        : logger(std::move(name), sinks.begin(), sinks.end())
+    {}
+
+    virtual ~logger() = default;
+
+    logger(const logger &other);
+    logger(logger &&other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+    logger &operator=(logger other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+    void swap(spdlog::logger &other) SPDLOG_NOEXCEPT;
+
+    // FormatString is a type derived from fmt::compile_string
+    template<typename FormatString, typename std::enable_if<fmt::is_compile_string<FormatString>::value, int>::type = 0, typename... Args>
+    void log(source_loc loc, level::level_enum lvl, const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        log_(loc, lvl, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    // FormatString is NOT a type derived from fmt::compile_string but is a string_view_t or can be implicitly converted to one
+    template<typename... Args>
+    void log(source_loc loc, level::level_enum lvl, string_view_t fmt, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        log_(loc, lvl, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+    void log(level::level_enum lvl, const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        log(source_loc{}, lvl, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+    void trace(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        log(level::trace, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+    void debug(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        log(level::debug, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+    void info(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        log(level::info, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+    void warn(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        log(level::warn, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+    void error(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        log(level::err, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+    void critical(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        log(level::critical, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void log(level::level_enum lvl, const T &msg)
+    {
+        log(source_loc{}, lvl, msg);
+    }
+
+    // T can be statically converted to string_view and isn't a fmt::compile_string
+    template<class T, typename std::enable_if<
+                          std::is_convertible<const T &, spdlog::string_view_t>::value && !fmt::is_compile_string<T>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    void log(source_loc loc, level::level_enum lvl, const T &msg)
+    {
+        log(loc, lvl, string_view_t{msg});
+    }
+
+    void log(log_clock::time_point log_time, source_loc loc, level::level_enum lvl, string_view_t msg)
+    {
+        bool log_enabled = should_log(lvl);
+        bool traceback_enabled = tracer_.enabled();
+        if (!log_enabled && !traceback_enabled)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        details::log_msg log_msg(log_time, loc, name_, lvl, msg);
+        log_it_(log_msg, log_enabled, traceback_enabled);
+    }
+
+    void log(source_loc loc, level::level_enum lvl, string_view_t msg)
+    {
+        bool log_enabled = should_log(lvl);
+        bool traceback_enabled = tracer_.enabled();
+        if (!log_enabled && !traceback_enabled)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        details::log_msg log_msg(loc, name_, lvl, msg);
+        log_it_(log_msg, log_enabled, traceback_enabled);
+    }
+
+    void log(level::level_enum lvl, string_view_t msg)
+    {
+        log(source_loc{}, lvl, msg);
+    }
+
+    // T cannot be statically converted to string_view or wstring_view
+    template<class T, typename std::enable_if<!std::is_convertible<const T &, spdlog::string_view_t>::value &&
+                                                  !is_convertible_to_wstring_view<const T &>::value,
+                          int>::type = 0>
+    void log(source_loc loc, level::level_enum lvl, const T &msg)
+    {
+        log(loc, lvl, "{}", msg);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void trace(const T &msg)
+    {
+        log(level::trace, msg);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void debug(const T &msg)
+    {
+        log(level::debug, msg);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void info(const T &msg)
+    {
+        log(level::info, msg);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void warn(const T &msg)
+    {
+        log(level::warn, msg);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void error(const T &msg)
+    {
+        log(level::err, msg);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void critical(const T &msg)
+    {
+        log(level::critical, msg);
+    }
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#error SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT only supported on windows
+#else
+
+    template<typename... Args>
+    void log(source_loc loc, level::level_enum lvl, wstring_view_t fmt, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        bool log_enabled = should_log(lvl);
+        bool traceback_enabled = tracer_.enabled();
+        if (!log_enabled && !traceback_enabled)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        SPDLOG_TRY
+        {
+            // format to wmemory_buffer and convert to utf8
+            fmt::wmemory_buffer wbuf;
+            fmt::format_to(wbuf, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+            memory_buf_t buf;
+            details::os::wstr_to_utf8buf(wstring_view_t(wbuf.data(), wbuf.size()), buf);
+            details::log_msg log_msg(loc, name_, lvl, string_view_t(buf.data(), buf.size()));
+            log_it_(log_msg, log_enabled, traceback_enabled);
+        }
+        SPDLOG_LOGGER_CATCH()
+    }
+
+    // T can be statically converted to wstring_view
+    template<class T, typename std::enable_if<is_convertible_to_wstring_view<const T &>::value, int>::type = 0>
+    void log(source_loc loc, level::level_enum lvl, const T &msg)
+    {
+        bool log_enabled = should_log(lvl);
+        bool traceback_enabled = tracer_.enabled();
+        if (!log_enabled && !traceback_enabled)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        SPDLOG_TRY
+        {
+            memory_buf_t buf;
+            details::os::wstr_to_utf8buf(msg, buf);
+            details::log_msg log_msg(loc, name_, lvl, string_view_t(buf.data(), buf.size()));
+            log_it_(log_msg, log_enabled, traceback_enabled);
+        }
+        SPDLOG_LOGGER_CATCH()
+    }
+#endif // _WIN32
+#endif // SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT
+
+    // return true logging is enabled for the given level.
+    bool should_log(level::level_enum msg_level) const
+    {
+        return msg_level >= level_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
+
+    // return true if backtrace logging is enabled.
+    bool should_backtrace() const
+    {
+        return tracer_.enabled();
+    }
+
+    void set_level(level::level_enum log_level);
+
+    level::level_enum level() const;
+
+    const std::string &name() const;
+
+    // set formatting for the sinks in this logger.
+    // each sink will get a separate instance of the formatter object.
+    void set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<formatter> f);
+
+    void set_pattern(std::string pattern, pattern_time_type time_type = pattern_time_type::local);
+
+    // backtrace support.
+    // efficiently store all debug/trace messages in a circular buffer until needed for debugging.
+    void enable_backtrace(size_t n_messages);
+    void disable_backtrace();
+    void dump_backtrace();
+
+    // flush functions
+    void flush();
+    void flush_on(level::level_enum log_level);
+    level::level_enum flush_level() const;
+
+    // sinks
+    const std::vector<sink_ptr> &sinks() const;
+
+    std::vector<sink_ptr> &sinks();
+
+    // error handler
+    void set_error_handler(err_handler);
+
+    // create new logger with same sinks and configuration.
+    virtual std::shared_ptr<logger> clone(std::string logger_name);
+
+protected:
+    std::string name_;
+    std::vector<sink_ptr> sinks_;
+    spdlog::level_t level_{level::info};
+    spdlog::level_t flush_level_{level::off};
+    err_handler custom_err_handler_{nullptr};
+    details::backtracer tracer_;
+
+    // common implementation for after templated public api has been resolved
+    template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+    void log_(source_loc loc, level::level_enum lvl, const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        bool log_enabled = should_log(lvl);
+        bool traceback_enabled = tracer_.enabled();
+        if (!log_enabled && !traceback_enabled)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        SPDLOG_TRY
+        {
+            memory_buf_t buf;
+            fmt::format_to(buf, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+            details::log_msg log_msg(loc, name_, lvl, string_view_t(buf.data(), buf.size()));
+            log_it_(log_msg, log_enabled, traceback_enabled);
+        }
+        SPDLOG_LOGGER_CATCH()
+    }
+
+    // log the given message (if the given log level is high enough),
+    // and save backtrace (if backtrace is enabled).
+    void log_it_(const details::log_msg &log_msg, bool log_enabled, bool traceback_enabled);
+    virtual void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg);
+    virtual void flush_();
+    void dump_backtrace_();
+    bool should_flush_(const details::log_msg &msg);
+
+    // handle errors during logging.
+    // default handler prints the error to stderr at max rate of 1 message/sec.
+    void err_handler_(const std::string &msg);
+};
+
+void swap(logger &a, logger &b);
+
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "logger-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/pattern_formatter-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/pattern_formatter-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54346e1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/pattern_formatter-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1395 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/pattern_formatter.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/details/fmt_helper.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+#include <spdlog/fmt/fmt.h>
+#include <spdlog/formatter.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// name & level pattern appender
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+class scoped_padder
+{
+public:
+    scoped_padder(size_t wrapped_size, const padding_info &padinfo, memory_buf_t &dest)
+        : padinfo_(padinfo)
+        , dest_(dest)
+    {
+        remaining_pad_ = static_cast<long>(padinfo.width_) - static_cast<long>(wrapped_size);
+        if (remaining_pad_ <= 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (padinfo_.side_ == padding_info::pad_side::left)
+        {
+            pad_it(remaining_pad_);
+            remaining_pad_ = 0;
+        }
+        else if (padinfo_.side_ == padding_info::pad_side::center)
+        {
+            auto half_pad = remaining_pad_ / 2;
+            auto reminder = remaining_pad_ & 1;
+            pad_it(half_pad);
+            remaining_pad_ = half_pad + reminder; // for the right side
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    static unsigned int count_digits(T n)
+    {
+        return fmt_helper::count_digits(n);
+    }
+
+    ~scoped_padder()
+    {
+        if (remaining_pad_ >= 0)
+        {
+            pad_it(remaining_pad_);
+        }
+        else if (padinfo_.truncate_)
+        {
+            long new_size = static_cast<long>(dest_.size()) + remaining_pad_;
+            dest_.resize(static_cast<size_t>(new_size));
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    void pad_it(long count)
+    {
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(string_view_t(spaces_.data(), static_cast<size_t>(count)), dest_);
+    }
+
+    const padding_info &padinfo_;
+    memory_buf_t &dest_;
+    long remaining_pad_;
+    string_view_t spaces_{"                                                                ", 64};
+};
+
+struct null_scoped_padder
+{
+    null_scoped_padder(size_t /*wrapped_size*/, const padding_info & /*padinfo*/, memory_buf_t & /*dest*/) {}
+
+    template<typename T>
+    static unsigned int count_digits(T /* number */)
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class name_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit name_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        ScopedPadder p(msg.logger_name.size(), padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(msg.logger_name, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// log level appender
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class level_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit level_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const string_view_t &level_name = level::to_string_view(msg.level);
+        ScopedPadder p(level_name.size(), padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(level_name, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// short log level appender
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class short_level_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit short_level_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        string_view_t level_name{level::to_short_c_str(msg.level)};
+        ScopedPadder p(level_name.size(), padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(level_name, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Date time pattern appenders
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static const char *ampm(const tm &t)
+{
+    return t.tm_hour >= 12 ? "PM" : "AM";
+}
+
+static int to12h(const tm &t)
+{
+    return t.tm_hour > 12 ? t.tm_hour - 12 : t.tm_hour;
+}
+
+// Abbreviated weekday name
+static std::array<const char *, 7> days{{"Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat"}};
+
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class a_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit a_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        string_view_t field_value{days[static_cast<size_t>(tm_time.tm_wday)]};
+        ScopedPadder p(field_value.size(), padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(field_value, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// Full weekday name
+static std::array<const char *, 7> full_days{{"Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"}};
+
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class A_formatter : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit A_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        string_view_t field_value{full_days[static_cast<size_t>(tm_time.tm_wday)]};
+        ScopedPadder p(field_value.size(), padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(field_value, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// Abbreviated month
+static const std::array<const char *, 12> months{{"Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sept", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec"}};
+
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class b_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit b_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        string_view_t field_value{months[static_cast<size_t>(tm_time.tm_mon)]};
+        ScopedPadder p(field_value.size(), padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(field_value, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// Full month name
+static const std::array<const char *, 12> full_months{
+    {"January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"}};
+
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class B_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit B_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        string_view_t field_value{full_months[static_cast<size_t>(tm_time.tm_mon)]};
+        ScopedPadder p(field_value.size(), padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(field_value, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// Date and time representation (Thu Aug 23 15:35:46 2014)
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class c_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit c_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 24;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(days[static_cast<size_t>(tm_time.tm_wday)], dest);
+        dest.push_back(' ');
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(months[static_cast<size_t>(tm_time.tm_mon)], dest);
+        dest.push_back(' ');
+        fmt_helper::append_int(tm_time.tm_mday, dest);
+        dest.push_back(' ');
+        // time
+
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
+        dest.push_back(':');
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
+        dest.push_back(':');
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
+        dest.push_back(' ');
+        fmt_helper::append_int(tm_time.tm_year + 1900, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// year - 2 digit
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class C_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit C_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 2;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_year % 100, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// Short MM/DD/YY date, equivalent to %m/%d/%y 08/23/01
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class D_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit D_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 10;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mon + 1, dest);
+        dest.push_back('/');
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mday, dest);
+        dest.push_back('/');
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_year % 100, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// year - 4 digit
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class Y_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit Y_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 4;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_int(tm_time.tm_year + 1900, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// month 1-12
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class m_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit m_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 2;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mon + 1, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// day of month 1-31
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class d_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit d_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 2;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mday, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// hours in 24 format 0-23
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class H_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit H_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 2;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// hours in 12 format 1-12
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class I_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit I_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 2;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(to12h(tm_time), dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// minutes 0-59
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class M_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit M_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 2;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// seconds 0-59
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class S_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit S_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 2;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// milliseconds
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class e_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit e_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        auto millis = fmt_helper::time_fraction<std::chrono::milliseconds>(msg.time);
+        const size_t field_size = 3;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad3(static_cast<uint32_t>(millis.count()), dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// microseconds
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class f_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit f_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        auto micros = fmt_helper::time_fraction<std::chrono::microseconds>(msg.time);
+
+        const size_t field_size = 6;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad6(static_cast<size_t>(micros.count()), dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// nanoseconds
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class F_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit F_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        auto ns = fmt_helper::time_fraction<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(msg.time);
+        const size_t field_size = 9;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::pad9(static_cast<size_t>(ns.count()), dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// seconds since epoch
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class E_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit E_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 10;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        auto duration = msg.time.time_since_epoch();
+        auto seconds = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(duration).count();
+        fmt_helper::append_int(seconds, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// AM/PM
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class p_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit p_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 2;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(ampm(tm_time), dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// 12 hour clock 02:55:02 pm
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class r_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit r_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 11;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+
+        fmt_helper::pad2(to12h(tm_time), dest);
+        dest.push_back(':');
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
+        dest.push_back(':');
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
+        dest.push_back(' ');
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(ampm(tm_time), dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// 24-hour HH:MM time, equivalent to %H:%M
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class R_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit R_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 5;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
+        dest.push_back(':');
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// ISO 8601 time format (HH:MM:SS), equivalent to %H:%M:%S
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class T_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit T_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 8;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, dest);
+        dest.push_back(':');
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, dest);
+        dest.push_back(':');
+        fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// ISO 8601 offset from UTC in timezone (+-HH:MM)
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class z_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit z_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    z_formatter() = default;
+    z_formatter(const z_formatter &) = delete;
+    z_formatter &operator=(const z_formatter &) = delete;
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const size_t field_size = 6;
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+
+        auto total_minutes = get_cached_offset(msg, tm_time);
+        bool is_negative = total_minutes < 0;
+        if (is_negative)
+        {
+            total_minutes = -total_minutes;
+            dest.push_back('-');
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            dest.push_back('+');
+        }
+
+        fmt_helper::pad2(total_minutes / 60, dest); // hours
+        dest.push_back(':');
+        fmt_helper::pad2(total_minutes % 60, dest); // minutes
+    }
+
+private:
+    log_clock::time_point last_update_{std::chrono::seconds(0)};
+    int offset_minutes_{0};
+
+    int get_cached_offset(const log_msg &msg, const std::tm &tm_time)
+    {
+        // refresh every 10 seconds
+        if (msg.time - last_update_ >= std::chrono::seconds(10))
+        {
+            offset_minutes_ = os::utc_minutes_offset(tm_time);
+            last_update_ = msg.time;
+        }
+        return offset_minutes_;
+    }
+};
+
+// Thread id
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class t_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit t_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const auto field_size = ScopedPadder::count_digits(msg.thread_id);
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_int(msg.thread_id, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// Current pid
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class pid_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit pid_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        const auto pid = static_cast<uint32_t>(details::os::pid());
+        auto field_size = ScopedPadder::count_digits(pid);
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_int(pid, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class v_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit v_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        ScopedPadder p(msg.payload.size(), padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(msg.payload, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+class ch_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit ch_formatter(char ch)
+        : ch_(ch)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        dest.push_back(ch_);
+    }
+
+private:
+    char ch_;
+};
+
+// aggregate user chars to display as is
+class aggregate_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    aggregate_formatter() = default;
+
+    void add_ch(char ch)
+    {
+        str_ += ch;
+    }
+    void format(const details::log_msg &, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(str_, dest);
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::string str_;
+};
+
+// mark the color range. expect it to be in the form of "%^colored text%$"
+class color_start_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit color_start_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        msg.color_range_start = dest.size();
+    }
+};
+
+class color_stop_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit color_stop_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        msg.color_range_end = dest.size();
+    }
+};
+
+// print source location
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class source_location_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit source_location_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        if (msg.source.empty())
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        size_t text_size;
+        if (padinfo_.enabled())
+        {
+            // calc text size for padding based on "filename:line"
+            text_size = std::char_traits<char>::length(msg.source.filename) + ScopedPadder::count_digits(msg.source.line) + 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            text_size = 0;
+        }
+
+        ScopedPadder p(text_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(msg.source.filename, dest);
+        dest.push_back(':');
+        fmt_helper::append_int(msg.source.line, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// print source filename
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class source_filename_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit source_filename_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        if (msg.source.empty())
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        size_t text_size = padinfo_.enabled() ? std::char_traits<char>::length(msg.source.filename) : 0;
+        ScopedPadder p(text_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(msg.source.filename, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class short_filename_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit short_filename_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4127) // consider using 'if constexpr' instead
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+    static const char *basename(const char *filename)
+    {
+        // if the size is 2 (1 character + null terminator) we can use the more efficient strrchr
+        // the branch will be elided by optimizations
+        if (sizeof(os::folder_seps) == 2)
+        {
+            const char *rv = std::strrchr(filename, os::folder_seps[0]);
+            return rv != nullptr ? rv + 1 : filename;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            const std::reverse_iterator<const char*> begin(filename + std::strlen(filename));
+            const std::reverse_iterator<const char*> end(filename);
+
+            const auto it = std::find_first_of(begin, end, std::begin(os::folder_seps), std::end(os::folder_seps) - 1);
+            return it != end ? it.base() : filename;
+        }
+    }
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        if (msg.source.empty())
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        auto filename = basename(msg.source.filename);
+        size_t text_size = padinfo_.enabled() ? std::char_traits<char>::length(filename) : 0;
+        ScopedPadder p(text_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(filename, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class source_linenum_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit source_linenum_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        if (msg.source.empty())
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto field_size = ScopedPadder::count_digits(msg.source.line);
+        ScopedPadder p(field_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_int(msg.source.line, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// print source funcname
+template<typename ScopedPadder>
+class source_funcname_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit source_funcname_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        if (msg.source.empty())
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        size_t text_size = padinfo_.enabled() ? std::char_traits<char>::length(msg.source.funcname) : 0;
+        ScopedPadder p(text_size, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(msg.source.funcname, dest);
+    }
+};
+
+// print elapsed time since last message
+template<typename ScopedPadder, typename Units>
+class elapsed_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    using DurationUnits = Units;
+
+    explicit elapsed_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+        , last_message_time_(log_clock::now())
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        auto delta = (std::max)(msg.time - last_message_time_, log_clock::duration::zero());
+        auto delta_units = std::chrono::duration_cast<DurationUnits>(delta);
+        last_message_time_ = msg.time;
+        auto delta_count = static_cast<size_t>(delta_units.count());
+        auto n_digits = static_cast<size_t>(ScopedPadder::count_digits(delta_count));
+        ScopedPadder p(n_digits, padinfo_, dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_int(delta_count, dest);
+    }
+
+private:
+    log_clock::time_point last_message_time_;
+};
+
+// Full info formatter
+// pattern: [%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%e] [%n] [%l] %v
+class full_formatter final : public flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit full_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : flag_formatter(padinfo)
+    {}
+
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) override
+    {
+        using std::chrono::duration_cast;
+        using std::chrono::milliseconds;
+        using std::chrono::seconds;
+
+        // cache the date/time part for the next second.
+        auto duration = msg.time.time_since_epoch();
+        auto secs = duration_cast<seconds>(duration);
+
+        if (cache_timestamp_ != secs || cached_datetime_.size() == 0)
+        {
+            cached_datetime_.clear();
+            cached_datetime_.push_back('[');
+            fmt_helper::append_int(tm_time.tm_year + 1900, cached_datetime_);
+            cached_datetime_.push_back('-');
+
+            fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mon + 1, cached_datetime_);
+            cached_datetime_.push_back('-');
+
+            fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_mday, cached_datetime_);
+            cached_datetime_.push_back(' ');
+
+            fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_hour, cached_datetime_);
+            cached_datetime_.push_back(':');
+
+            fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_min, cached_datetime_);
+            cached_datetime_.push_back(':');
+
+            fmt_helper::pad2(tm_time.tm_sec, cached_datetime_);
+            cached_datetime_.push_back('.');
+
+            cache_timestamp_ = secs;
+        }
+        dest.append(cached_datetime_.begin(), cached_datetime_.end());
+
+        auto millis = fmt_helper::time_fraction<milliseconds>(msg.time);
+        fmt_helper::pad3(static_cast<uint32_t>(millis.count()), dest);
+        dest.push_back(']');
+        dest.push_back(' ');
+
+        // append logger name if exists
+        if (msg.logger_name.size() > 0)
+        {
+            dest.push_back('[');
+            fmt_helper::append_string_view(msg.logger_name, dest);
+            dest.push_back(']');
+            dest.push_back(' ');
+        }
+
+        dest.push_back('[');
+        // wrap the level name with color
+        msg.color_range_start = dest.size();
+        // fmt_helper::append_string_view(level::to_c_str(msg.level), dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(level::to_string_view(msg.level), dest);
+        msg.color_range_end = dest.size();
+        dest.push_back(']');
+        dest.push_back(' ');
+
+        // add source location if present
+        if (!msg.source.empty())
+        {
+            dest.push_back('[');
+            const char *filename = details::short_filename_formatter<details::null_scoped_padder>::basename(msg.source.filename);
+            fmt_helper::append_string_view(filename, dest);
+            dest.push_back(':');
+            fmt_helper::append_int(msg.source.line, dest);
+            dest.push_back(']');
+            dest.push_back(' ');
+        }
+        // fmt_helper::append_string_view(msg.msg(), dest);
+        fmt_helper::append_string_view(msg.payload, dest);
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::chrono::seconds cache_timestamp_{0};
+    memory_buf_t cached_datetime_;
+};
+
+} // namespace details
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE pattern_formatter::pattern_formatter(
+    std::string pattern, pattern_time_type time_type, std::string eol, custom_flags custom_user_flags)
+    : pattern_(std::move(pattern))
+    , eol_(std::move(eol))
+    , pattern_time_type_(time_type)
+    , last_log_secs_(0)
+    , custom_handlers_(std::move(custom_user_flags))
+{
+    std::memset(&cached_tm_, 0, sizeof(cached_tm_));
+    compile_pattern_(pattern_);
+}
+
+// use by default full formatter for if pattern is not given
+SPDLOG_INLINE pattern_formatter::pattern_formatter(pattern_time_type time_type, std::string eol)
+    : pattern_("%+")
+    , eol_(std::move(eol))
+    , pattern_time_type_(time_type)
+    , last_log_secs_(0)
+{
+    std::memset(&cached_tm_, 0, sizeof(cached_tm_));
+    formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::full_formatter>(details::padding_info{}));
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::unique_ptr<formatter> pattern_formatter::clone() const
+{
+    custom_flags cloned_custom_formatters;
+    for (auto &it : custom_handlers_)
+    {
+        cloned_custom_formatters[it.first] = it.second->clone();
+    }
+    return details::make_unique<pattern_formatter>(pattern_, pattern_time_type_, eol_, std::move(cloned_custom_formatters));
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void pattern_formatter::format(const details::log_msg &msg, memory_buf_t &dest)
+{
+    auto secs = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(msg.time.time_since_epoch());
+    if (secs != last_log_secs_)
+    {
+        cached_tm_ = get_time_(msg);
+        last_log_secs_ = secs;
+    }
+
+    for (auto &f : formatters_)
+    {
+        f->format(msg, cached_tm_, dest);
+    }
+    // write eol
+    details::fmt_helper::append_string_view(eol_, dest);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void pattern_formatter::set_pattern(std::string pattern)
+{
+    pattern_ = std::move(pattern);
+    compile_pattern_(pattern_);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::tm pattern_formatter::get_time_(const details::log_msg &msg)
+{
+    if (pattern_time_type_ == pattern_time_type::local)
+    {
+        return details::os::localtime(log_clock::to_time_t(msg.time));
+    }
+    return details::os::gmtime(log_clock::to_time_t(msg.time));
+}
+
+template<typename Padder>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void pattern_formatter::handle_flag_(char flag, details::padding_info padding)
+{
+    // process custom flags
+    auto it = custom_handlers_.find(flag);
+    if (it != custom_handlers_.end())
+    {
+        auto custom_handler = it->second->clone();
+        custom_handler->set_padding_info(padding);
+        formatters_.push_back(std::move(custom_handler));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // process built-in flags
+    switch (flag)
+    {
+    case ('+'): // default formatter
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::full_formatter>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case 'n': // logger name
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::name_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case 'l': // level
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::level_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case 'L': // short level
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::short_level_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('t'): // thread id
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::t_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('v'): // the message text
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::v_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('a'): // weekday
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::a_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('A'): // short weekday
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::A_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('b'):
+    case ('h'): // month
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::b_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('B'): // short month
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::B_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('c'): // datetime
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::c_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('C'): // year 2 digits
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::C_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('Y'): // year 4 digits
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::Y_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('D'):
+    case ('x'): // datetime MM/DD/YY
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::D_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('m'): // month 1-12
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::m_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('d'): // day of month 1-31
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::d_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('H'): // hours 24
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::H_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('I'): // hours 12
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::I_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('M'): // minutes
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::M_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('S'): // seconds
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::S_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('e'): // milliseconds
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::e_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('f'): // microseconds
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::f_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('F'): // nanoseconds
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::F_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('E'): // seconds since epoch
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::E_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('p'): // am/pm
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::p_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('r'): // 12 hour clock 02:55:02 pm
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::r_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('R'): // 24-hour HH:MM time
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::R_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('T'):
+    case ('X'): // ISO 8601 time format (HH:MM:SS)
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::T_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('z'): // timezone
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::z_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('P'): // pid
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::pid_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('^'): // color range start
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::color_start_formatter>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('$'): // color range end
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::color_stop_formatter>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('@'): // source location (filename:filenumber)
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::source_location_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('s'): // short source filename - without directory name
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::short_filename_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('g'): // full source filename
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::source_filename_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('#'): // source line number
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::source_linenum_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('!'): // source funcname
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::source_funcname_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('%'): // % char
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::ch_formatter>('%'));
+        break;
+
+    case ('u'): // elapsed time since last log message in nanos
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::elapsed_formatter<Padder, std::chrono::nanoseconds>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('i'): // elapsed time since last log message in micros
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::elapsed_formatter<Padder, std::chrono::microseconds>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('o'): // elapsed time since last log message in millis
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::elapsed_formatter<Padder, std::chrono::milliseconds>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    case ('O'): // elapsed time since last log message in seconds
+        formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::elapsed_formatter<Padder, std::chrono::seconds>>(padding));
+        break;
+
+    default: // Unknown flag appears as is
+        auto unknown_flag = details::make_unique<details::aggregate_formatter>();
+
+        if (!padding.truncate_)
+        {
+            unknown_flag->add_ch('%');
+            unknown_flag->add_ch(flag);
+            formatters_.push_back((std::move(unknown_flag)));
+        }
+        // fix issue #1617 (prev char was '!' and should have been treated as funcname flag instead of truncating flag)
+        // spdlog::set_pattern("[%10!] %v") => "[      main] some message"
+        // spdlog::set_pattern("[%3!!] %v") => "[mai] some message"
+        else
+        {
+            padding.truncate_ = false;
+            formatters_.push_back(details::make_unique<details::source_funcname_formatter<Padder>>(padding));
+            unknown_flag->add_ch(flag);
+            formatters_.push_back((std::move(unknown_flag)));
+        }
+
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+// Extract given pad spec (e.g. %8X, %=8X, %-8!X, %8!X, %=8!X, %-8!X, %+8!X)
+// Advance the given it pass the end of the padding spec found (if any)
+// Return padding.
+SPDLOG_INLINE details::padding_info pattern_formatter::handle_padspec_(std::string::const_iterator &it, std::string::const_iterator end)
+{
+    using details::padding_info;
+    using details::scoped_padder;
+    const size_t max_width = 64;
+    if (it == end)
+    {
+        return padding_info{};
+    }
+
+    padding_info::pad_side side;
+    switch (*it)
+    {
+    case '-':
+        side = padding_info::pad_side::right;
+        ++it;
+        break;
+    case '=':
+        side = padding_info::pad_side::center;
+        ++it;
+        break;
+    default:
+        side = details::padding_info::pad_side::left;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (it == end || !std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*it)))
+    {
+        return padding_info{}; // no padding if no digit found here
+    }
+
+    auto width = static_cast<size_t>(*it) - '0';
+    for (++it; it != end && std::isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(*it)); ++it)
+    {
+        auto digit = static_cast<size_t>(*it) - '0';
+        width = width * 10 + digit;
+    }
+
+    // search for the optional truncate marker '!'
+    bool truncate;
+    if (it != end && *it == '!')
+    {
+        truncate = true;
+        ++it;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        truncate = false;
+    }
+
+    return details::padding_info{std::min<size_t>(width, max_width), side, truncate};
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void pattern_formatter::compile_pattern_(const std::string &pattern)
+{
+    auto end = pattern.end();
+    std::unique_ptr<details::aggregate_formatter> user_chars;
+    formatters_.clear();
+    for (auto it = pattern.begin(); it != end; ++it)
+    {
+        if (*it == '%')
+        {
+            if (user_chars) // append user chars found so far
+            {
+                formatters_.push_back(std::move(user_chars));
+            }
+
+            auto padding = handle_padspec_(++it, end);
+
+            if (it != end)
+            {
+                if (padding.enabled())
+                {
+                    handle_flag_<details::scoped_padder>(*it, padding);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    handle_flag_<details::null_scoped_padder>(*it, padding);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        else // chars not following the % sign should be displayed as is
+        {
+            if (!user_chars)
+            {
+                user_chars = details::make_unique<details::aggregate_formatter>();
+            }
+            user_chars->add_ch(*it);
+        }
+    }
+    if (user_chars) // append raw chars found so far
+    {
+        formatters_.push_back(std::move(user_chars));
+    }
+}
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/pattern_formatter.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/pattern_formatter.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bc13ae10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/pattern_formatter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+#include <spdlog/formatter.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace details {
+
+// padding information.
+struct padding_info
+{
+    enum class pad_side
+    {
+        left,
+        right,
+        center
+    };
+
+    padding_info() = default;
+    padding_info(size_t width, padding_info::pad_side side, bool truncate)
+        : width_(width)
+        , side_(side)
+        , truncate_(truncate)
+        , enabled_(true)
+    {}
+
+    bool enabled() const
+    {
+        return enabled_;
+    }
+    size_t width_ = 0;
+    pad_side side_ = pad_side::left;
+    bool truncate_ = false;
+    bool enabled_ = false;
+};
+
+class SPDLOG_API flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    explicit flag_formatter(padding_info padinfo)
+        : padinfo_(padinfo)
+    {}
+    flag_formatter() = default;
+    virtual ~flag_formatter() = default;
+    virtual void format(const details::log_msg &msg, const std::tm &tm_time, memory_buf_t &dest) = 0;
+
+protected:
+    padding_info padinfo_;
+};
+
+} // namespace details
+
+class SPDLOG_API custom_flag_formatter : public details::flag_formatter
+{
+public:
+    virtual std::unique_ptr<custom_flag_formatter> clone() const = 0;
+
+    void set_padding_info(details::padding_info padding)
+    {
+        flag_formatter::padinfo_ = padding;
+    }
+};
+
+class SPDLOG_API pattern_formatter final : public formatter
+{
+public:
+    using custom_flags = std::unordered_map<char, std::unique_ptr<custom_flag_formatter>>;
+
+    explicit pattern_formatter(std::string pattern, pattern_time_type time_type = pattern_time_type::local,
+        std::string eol = spdlog::details::os::default_eol, custom_flags custom_user_flags = custom_flags());
+
+    // use default pattern is not given
+    explicit pattern_formatter(pattern_time_type time_type = pattern_time_type::local, std::string eol = spdlog::details::os::default_eol);
+
+    pattern_formatter(const pattern_formatter &other) = delete;
+    pattern_formatter &operator=(const pattern_formatter &other) = delete;
+
+    std::unique_ptr<formatter> clone() const override;
+    void format(const details::log_msg &msg, memory_buf_t &dest) override;
+
+    template<typename T, typename... Args>
+    pattern_formatter &add_flag(char flag, Args&&...args)
+    {
+        custom_handlers_[flag] = details::make_unique<T>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        return *this;
+    }
+    void set_pattern(std::string pattern);
+
+private:
+    std::string pattern_;
+    std::string eol_;
+    pattern_time_type pattern_time_type_;
+    std::tm cached_tm_;
+    std::chrono::seconds last_log_secs_;
+    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<details::flag_formatter>> formatters_;
+    custom_flags custom_handlers_;
+
+    std::tm get_time_(const details::log_msg &msg);
+    template<typename Padder>
+    void handle_flag_(char flag, details::padding_info padding);
+
+    // Extract given pad spec (e.g. %8X)
+    // Advance the given it pass the end of the padding spec found (if any)
+    // Return padding.
+    static details::padding_info handle_padspec_(std::string::const_iterator &it, std::string::const_iterator end);
+
+    void compile_pattern_(const std::string &pattern);
+};
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "pattern_formatter-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/android_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/android_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..659beabb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/android_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef __ANDROID__
+
+#include <spdlog/details/fmt_helper.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
+
+#include <android/log.h>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+
+#if !defined(SPDLOG_ANDROID_RETRIES)
+#define SPDLOG_ANDROID_RETRIES 2
+#endif
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+/*
+ * Android sink (logging using __android_log_write)
+ */
+template<typename Mutex>
+class android_sink final : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    explicit android_sink(std::string tag = "spdlog", bool use_raw_msg = false)
+        : tag_(std::move(tag))
+        , use_raw_msg_(use_raw_msg)
+    {}
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        const android_LogPriority priority = convert_to_android_(msg.level);
+        memory_buf_t formatted;
+        if (use_raw_msg_)
+        {
+            details::fmt_helper::append_string_view(msg.payload, formatted);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+        }
+        formatted.push_back('\0');
+        const char *msg_output = formatted.data();
+
+        // See system/core/liblog/logger_write.c for explanation of return value
+        int ret = __android_log_write(priority, tag_.c_str(), msg_output);
+        int retry_count = 0;
+        while ((ret == -11 /*EAGAIN*/) && (retry_count < SPDLOG_ANDROID_RETRIES))
+        {
+            details::os::sleep_for_millis(5);
+            ret = __android_log_write(priority, tag_.c_str(), msg_output);
+            retry_count++;
+        }
+
+        if (ret < 0)
+        {
+            throw_spdlog_ex("__android_log_write() failed", ret);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void flush_() override {}
+
+private:
+    static android_LogPriority convert_to_android_(spdlog::level::level_enum level)
+    {
+        switch (level)
+        {
+        case spdlog::level::trace:
+            return ANDROID_LOG_VERBOSE;
+        case spdlog::level::debug:
+            return ANDROID_LOG_DEBUG;
+        case spdlog::level::info:
+            return ANDROID_LOG_INFO;
+        case spdlog::level::warn:
+            return ANDROID_LOG_WARN;
+        case spdlog::level::err:
+            return ANDROID_LOG_ERROR;
+        case spdlog::level::critical:
+            return ANDROID_LOG_FATAL;
+        default:
+            return ANDROID_LOG_DEFAULT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string tag_;
+    bool use_raw_msg_;
+};
+
+using android_sink_mt = android_sink<std::mutex>;
+using android_sink_st = android_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+} // namespace sinks
+
+// Create and register android syslog logger
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> android_logger_mt(const std::string &logger_name, const std::string &tag = "spdlog")
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::android_sink_mt>(logger_name, tag);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> android_logger_st(const std::string &logger_name, const std::string &tag = "spdlog")
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::android_sink_st>(logger_name, tag);
+}
+
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#endif // __ANDROID__
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ansicolor_sink-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ansicolor_sink-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..61c0a719
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ansicolor_sink-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/sinks/ansicolor_sink.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/pattern_formatter.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::ansicolor_sink(FILE *target_file, color_mode mode)
+    : target_file_(target_file)
+    , mutex_(ConsoleMutex::mutex())
+    , formatter_(details::make_unique<spdlog::pattern_formatter>())
+
+{
+    set_color_mode(mode);
+    colors_[level::trace] = to_string_(white);
+    colors_[level::debug] = to_string_(cyan);
+    colors_[level::info] = to_string_(green);
+    colors_[level::warn] = to_string_(yellow_bold);
+    colors_[level::err] = to_string_(red_bold);
+    colors_[level::critical] = to_string_(bold_on_red);
+    colors_[level::off] = to_string_(reset);
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::set_color(level::level_enum color_level, string_view_t color)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    colors_[color_level] = to_string_(color);
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::log(const details::log_msg &msg)
+{
+    // Wrap the originally formatted message in color codes.
+    // If color is not supported in the terminal, log as is instead.
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    msg.color_range_start = 0;
+    msg.color_range_end = 0;
+    memory_buf_t formatted;
+    formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+    if (should_do_colors_ && msg.color_range_end > msg.color_range_start)
+    {
+        // before color range
+        print_range_(formatted, 0, msg.color_range_start);
+        // in color range
+        print_ccode_(colors_[msg.level]);
+        print_range_(formatted, msg.color_range_start, msg.color_range_end);
+        print_ccode_(reset);
+        // after color range
+        print_range_(formatted, msg.color_range_end, formatted.size());
+    }
+    else // no color
+    {
+        print_range_(formatted, 0, formatted.size());
+    }
+    fflush(target_file_);
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::flush()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    fflush(target_file_);
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::set_pattern(const std::string &pattern)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    formatter_ = std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter>(new pattern_formatter(pattern));
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    formatter_ = std::move(sink_formatter);
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE bool ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::should_color()
+{
+    return should_do_colors_;
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::set_color_mode(color_mode mode)
+{
+    switch (mode)
+    {
+    case color_mode::always:
+        should_do_colors_ = true;
+        return;
+    case color_mode::automatic:
+        should_do_colors_ = details::os::in_terminal(target_file_) && details::os::is_color_terminal();
+        return;
+    case color_mode::never:
+        should_do_colors_ = false;
+        return;
+    default:
+        should_do_colors_ = false;
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::print_ccode_(const string_view_t &color_code)
+{
+    fwrite(color_code.data(), sizeof(char), color_code.size(), target_file_);
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::print_range_(const memory_buf_t &formatted, size_t start, size_t end)
+{
+    fwrite(formatted.data() + start, sizeof(char), end - start, target_file_);
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::string ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::to_string_(const string_view_t &sv)
+{
+    return std::string(sv.data(), sv.size());
+}
+
+// ansicolor_stdout_sink
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE ansicolor_stdout_sink<ConsoleMutex>::ansicolor_stdout_sink(color_mode mode)
+    : ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>(stdout, mode)
+{}
+
+// ansicolor_stderr_sink
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE ansicolor_stderr_sink<ConsoleMutex>::ansicolor_stderr_sink(color_mode mode)
+    : ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>(stderr, mode)
+{}
+
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ansicolor_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ansicolor_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4438f706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ansicolor_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/details/console_globals.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/sink.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <array>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+/**
+ * This sink prefixes the output with an ANSI escape sequence color code
+ * depending on the severity
+ * of the message.
+ * If no color terminal detected, omit the escape codes.
+ */
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+class ansicolor_sink : public sink
+{
+public:
+    using mutex_t = typename ConsoleMutex::mutex_t;
+    ansicolor_sink(FILE *target_file, color_mode mode);
+    ~ansicolor_sink() override = default;
+
+    ansicolor_sink(const ansicolor_sink &other) = delete;
+    ansicolor_sink(ansicolor_sink &&other) = delete;
+
+    ansicolor_sink &operator=(const ansicolor_sink &other) = delete;
+    ansicolor_sink &operator=(ansicolor_sink &&other) = delete;
+
+    void set_color(level::level_enum color_level, string_view_t color);
+    void set_color_mode(color_mode mode);
+    bool should_color();
+
+    void log(const details::log_msg &msg) override;
+    void flush() override;
+    void set_pattern(const std::string &pattern) final;
+    void set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter) override;
+
+    // Formatting codes
+    const string_view_t reset = "\033[m";
+    const string_view_t bold = "\033[1m";
+    const string_view_t dark = "\033[2m";
+    const string_view_t underline = "\033[4m";
+    const string_view_t blink = "\033[5m";
+    const string_view_t reverse = "\033[7m";
+    const string_view_t concealed = "\033[8m";
+    const string_view_t clear_line = "\033[K";
+
+    // Foreground colors
+    const string_view_t black = "\033[30m";
+    const string_view_t red = "\033[31m";
+    const string_view_t green = "\033[32m";
+    const string_view_t yellow = "\033[33m";
+    const string_view_t blue = "\033[34m";
+    const string_view_t magenta = "\033[35m";
+    const string_view_t cyan = "\033[36m";
+    const string_view_t white = "\033[37m";
+
+    /// Background colors
+    const string_view_t on_black = "\033[40m";
+    const string_view_t on_red = "\033[41m";
+    const string_view_t on_green = "\033[42m";
+    const string_view_t on_yellow = "\033[43m";
+    const string_view_t on_blue = "\033[44m";
+    const string_view_t on_magenta = "\033[45m";
+    const string_view_t on_cyan = "\033[46m";
+    const string_view_t on_white = "\033[47m";
+
+    /// Bold colors
+    const string_view_t yellow_bold = "\033[33m\033[1m";
+    const string_view_t red_bold = "\033[31m\033[1m";
+    const string_view_t bold_on_red = "\033[1m\033[41m";
+
+private:
+    FILE *target_file_;
+    mutex_t &mutex_;
+    bool should_do_colors_;
+    std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> formatter_;
+    std::array<std::string, level::n_levels> colors_;
+    void print_ccode_(const string_view_t &color_code);
+    void print_range_(const memory_buf_t &formatted, size_t start, size_t end);
+    static std::string to_string_(const string_view_t &sv);
+};
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+class ansicolor_stdout_sink : public ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>
+{
+public:
+    explicit ansicolor_stdout_sink(color_mode mode = color_mode::automatic);
+};
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+class ansicolor_stderr_sink : public ansicolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>
+{
+public:
+    explicit ansicolor_stderr_sink(color_mode mode = color_mode::automatic);
+};
+
+using ansicolor_stdout_sink_mt = ansicolor_stdout_sink<details::console_mutex>;
+using ansicolor_stdout_sink_st = ansicolor_stdout_sink<details::console_nullmutex>;
+
+using ansicolor_stderr_sink_mt = ansicolor_stderr_sink<details::console_mutex>;
+using ansicolor_stderr_sink_st = ansicolor_stderr_sink<details::console_nullmutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "ansicolor_sink-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/base_sink-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/base_sink-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b15fb0e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/base_sink-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/pattern_formatter.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::sinks::base_sink<Mutex>::base_sink()
+    : formatter_{details::make_unique<spdlog::pattern_formatter>()}
+{}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::sinks::base_sink<Mutex>::base_sink(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> formatter)
+    : formatter_{std::move(formatter)}
+{}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::sinks::base_sink<Mutex>::log(const details::log_msg &msg)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    sink_it_(msg);
+}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::sinks::base_sink<Mutex>::flush()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    flush_();
+}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::sinks::base_sink<Mutex>::set_pattern(const std::string &pattern)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    set_pattern_(pattern);
+}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::sinks::base_sink<Mutex>::set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    set_formatter_(std::move(sink_formatter));
+}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::sinks::base_sink<Mutex>::set_pattern_(const std::string &pattern)
+{
+    set_formatter_(details::make_unique<spdlog::pattern_formatter>(pattern));
+}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::sinks::base_sink<Mutex>::set_formatter_(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter)
+{
+    formatter_ = std::move(sink_formatter);
+}
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bf5072f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+//
+// base sink templated over a mutex (either dummy or real)
+// concrete implementation should override the sink_it_() and flush_()  methods.
+// locking is taken care of in this class - no locking needed by the
+// implementers..
+//
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/sink.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+template<typename Mutex>
+class base_sink : public sink
+{
+public:
+    base_sink();
+    explicit base_sink(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> formatter);
+    ~base_sink() override = default;
+
+    base_sink(const base_sink &) = delete;
+    base_sink(base_sink &&) = delete;
+
+    base_sink &operator=(const base_sink &) = delete;
+    base_sink &operator=(base_sink &&) = delete;
+
+    void log(const details::log_msg &msg) final;
+    void flush() final;
+    void set_pattern(const std::string &pattern) final;
+    void set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter) final;
+
+protected:
+    // sink formatter
+    std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> formatter_;
+    Mutex mutex_;
+
+    virtual void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) = 0;
+    virtual void flush_() = 0;
+    virtual void set_pattern_(const std::string &pattern);
+    virtual void set_formatter_(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter);
+};
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "base_sink-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/basic_file_sink-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/basic_file_sink-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1260d15c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/basic_file_sink-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/sinks/basic_file_sink.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE basic_file_sink<Mutex>::basic_file_sink(const filename_t &filename, bool truncate)
+{
+    file_helper_.open(filename, truncate);
+}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE const filename_t &basic_file_sink<Mutex>::filename() const
+{
+    return file_helper_.filename();
+}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void basic_file_sink<Mutex>::sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg)
+{
+    memory_buf_t formatted;
+    base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+    file_helper_.write(formatted);
+}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void basic_file_sink<Mutex>::flush_()
+{
+    file_helper_.flush();
+}
+
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/basic_file_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/basic_file_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a742624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/basic_file_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/details/file_helper.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+/*
+ * Trivial file sink with single file as target
+ */
+template<typename Mutex>
+class basic_file_sink final : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    explicit basic_file_sink(const filename_t &filename, bool truncate = false);
+    const filename_t &filename() const;
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override;
+    void flush_() override;
+
+private:
+    details::file_helper file_helper_;
+};
+
+using basic_file_sink_mt = basic_file_sink<std::mutex>;
+using basic_file_sink_st = basic_file_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+
+//
+// factory functions
+//
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> basic_logger_mt(const std::string &logger_name, const filename_t &filename, bool truncate = false)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::basic_file_sink_mt>(logger_name, filename, truncate);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> basic_logger_st(const std::string &logger_name, const filename_t &filename, bool truncate = false)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::basic_file_sink_st>(logger_name, filename, truncate);
+}
+
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "basic_file_sink-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/daily_file_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/daily_file_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..16be821a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/daily_file_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/file_helper.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/fmt/fmt.h>
+#include <spdlog/fmt/chrono.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/circular_q.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+/*
+ * Generator of daily log file names in format basename.YYYY-MM-DD.ext
+ */
+struct daily_filename_calculator
+{
+    // Create filename for the form basename.YYYY-MM-DD
+    static filename_t calc_filename(const filename_t &filename, const tm &now_tm)
+    {
+        filename_t basename, ext;
+        std::tie(basename, ext) = details::file_helper::split_by_extension(filename);
+        return fmt::format(
+            SPDLOG_FILENAME_T("{}_{:04d}-{:02d}-{:02d}{}"), basename, now_tm.tm_year + 1900, now_tm.tm_mon + 1, now_tm.tm_mday, ext);
+    }
+};
+
+/*
+ * Generator of daily log file names with strftime format.
+ * Usages:  
+ *    auto sink =  std::make_shared<spdlog::sinks::daily_file_format_sink_mt>("myapp-%Y-%m-%d:%H:%M:%S.log", hour, minute);"
+ *    auto logger = spdlog::daily_logger_format_mt("loggername, "myapp-%Y-%m-%d:%X.log", hour,  minute)"
+ *  
+ */
+struct daily_filename_format_calculator
+{
+    static filename_t calc_filename (const filename_t &filename, const tm &now_tm)
+    {
+         // generate fmt datetime format string, e.g. {:%Y-%m-%d}.
+        filename_t fmt_filename = fmt::format(SPDLOG_FILENAME_T ("{{:{}}}"), filename);
+        return fmt::format(fmt_filename, now_tm);
+    }
+};
+
+/*
+ * Rotating file sink based on date.
+ * If truncate != false , the created file will be truncated.
+ * If max_files > 0, retain only the last max_files and delete previous.
+ */
+template<typename Mutex, typename FileNameCalc = daily_filename_calculator>
+class daily_file_sink final : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    // create daily file sink which rotates on given time
+    daily_file_sink(filename_t base_filename, int rotation_hour, int rotation_minute, bool truncate = false, uint16_t max_files = 0)
+        : base_filename_(std::move(base_filename))
+        , rotation_h_(rotation_hour)
+        , rotation_m_(rotation_minute)
+        , truncate_(truncate)
+        , max_files_(max_files)
+        , filenames_q_()
+    {
+        if (rotation_hour < 0 || rotation_hour > 23 || rotation_minute < 0 || rotation_minute > 59)
+        {
+            throw_spdlog_ex("daily_file_sink: Invalid rotation time in ctor");
+        }
+
+        auto now = log_clock::now();
+        auto filename = FileNameCalc::calc_filename(base_filename_, now_tm(now));
+        file_helper_.open(filename, truncate_);
+        rotation_tp_ = next_rotation_tp_();
+
+        if (max_files_ > 0)
+        {
+            init_filenames_q_();
+        }
+    }
+
+    filename_t filename()
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(base_sink<Mutex>::mutex_);
+        return file_helper_.filename();
+    }
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        auto time = msg.time;
+        bool should_rotate = time >= rotation_tp_;
+        if (should_rotate)
+        {
+            auto filename = FileNameCalc::calc_filename(base_filename_, now_tm(time));
+            file_helper_.open(filename, truncate_);
+            rotation_tp_ = next_rotation_tp_();
+        }
+        memory_buf_t formatted;
+        base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+        file_helper_.write(formatted);
+
+        // Do the cleaning only at the end because it might throw on failure.
+        if (should_rotate && max_files_ > 0)
+        {
+            delete_old_();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void flush_() override
+    {
+        file_helper_.flush();
+    }
+
+private:
+    void init_filenames_q_()
+    {
+        using details::os::path_exists;
+
+        filenames_q_ = details::circular_q<filename_t>(static_cast<size_t>(max_files_));
+        std::vector<filename_t> filenames;
+        auto now = log_clock::now();
+        while (filenames.size() < max_files_)
+        {
+            auto filename = FileNameCalc::calc_filename(base_filename_, now_tm(now));
+            if (!path_exists(filename))
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            filenames.emplace_back(filename);
+            now -= std::chrono::hours(24);
+        }
+        for (auto iter = filenames.rbegin(); iter != filenames.rend(); ++iter)
+        {
+            filenames_q_.push_back(std::move(*iter));
+        }
+    }
+
+    tm now_tm(log_clock::time_point tp)
+    {
+        time_t tnow = log_clock::to_time_t(tp);
+        return spdlog::details::os::localtime(tnow);
+    }
+
+    log_clock::time_point next_rotation_tp_()
+    {
+        auto now = log_clock::now();
+        tm date = now_tm(now);
+        date.tm_hour = rotation_h_;
+        date.tm_min = rotation_m_;
+        date.tm_sec = 0;
+        auto rotation_time = log_clock::from_time_t(std::mktime(&date));
+        if (rotation_time > now)
+        {
+            return rotation_time;
+        }
+        return {rotation_time + std::chrono::hours(24)};
+    }
+
+    // Delete the file N rotations ago.
+    // Throw spdlog_ex on failure to delete the old file.
+    void delete_old_()
+    {
+        using details::os::filename_to_str;
+        using details::os::remove_if_exists;
+
+        filename_t current_file = file_helper_.filename();
+        if (filenames_q_.full())
+        {
+            auto old_filename = std::move(filenames_q_.front());
+            filenames_q_.pop_front();
+            bool ok = remove_if_exists(old_filename) == 0;
+            if (!ok)
+            {
+                filenames_q_.push_back(std::move(current_file));
+                throw_spdlog_ex("Failed removing daily file " + filename_to_str(old_filename), errno);
+            }
+        }
+        filenames_q_.push_back(std::move(current_file));
+    }
+
+    filename_t base_filename_;
+    int rotation_h_;
+    int rotation_m_;
+    log_clock::time_point rotation_tp_;
+    details::file_helper file_helper_;
+    bool truncate_;
+    uint16_t max_files_;
+    details::circular_q<filename_t> filenames_q_;
+};
+
+using daily_file_sink_mt = daily_file_sink<std::mutex>;
+using daily_file_sink_st = daily_file_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+using daily_file_format_sink_mt = daily_file_sink<std::mutex, daily_filename_format_calculator>;
+using daily_file_format_sink_st = daily_file_sink<details::null_mutex, daily_filename_format_calculator>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+
+//
+// factory functions
+//
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> daily_logger_mt(
+    const std::string &logger_name, const filename_t &filename, int hour = 0, int minute = 0, bool truncate = false, uint16_t max_files = 0)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::daily_file_sink_mt>(logger_name, filename, hour, minute, truncate, max_files);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> daily_logger_format_mt(
+    const std::string &logger_name, const filename_t &filename, int hour = 0, int minute = 0, bool truncate = false, uint16_t max_files = 0)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::daily_file_format_sink_mt>(logger_name, filename, hour, minute, truncate, max_files);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> daily_logger_st(
+    const std::string &logger_name, const filename_t &filename, int hour = 0, int minute = 0, bool truncate = false, uint16_t max_files = 0)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::daily_file_sink_st>(logger_name, filename, hour, minute, truncate, max_files);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> daily_logger_format_st(
+    const std::string &logger_name, const filename_t &filename, int hour = 0, int minute = 0, bool truncate = false, uint16_t max_files = 0)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::daily_file_format_sink_st>(logger_name, filename, hour, minute, truncate, max_files);
+}
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/dist_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/dist_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8fccb4ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/dist_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "base_sink.h"
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/pattern_formatter.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <vector>
+
+// Distribution sink (mux). Stores a vector of sinks which get called when log
+// is called
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+class dist_sink : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    dist_sink() = default;
+    explicit dist_sink(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<sink>> sinks)
+        : sinks_(sinks)
+    {}
+
+    dist_sink(const dist_sink &) = delete;
+    dist_sink &operator=(const dist_sink &) = delete;
+
+    void add_sink(std::shared_ptr<sink> sink)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(base_sink<Mutex>::mutex_);
+        sinks_.push_back(sink);
+    }
+
+    void remove_sink(std::shared_ptr<sink> sink)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(base_sink<Mutex>::mutex_);
+        sinks_.erase(std::remove(sinks_.begin(), sinks_.end(), sink), sinks_.end());
+    }
+
+    void set_sinks(std::vector<std::shared_ptr<sink>> sinks)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(base_sink<Mutex>::mutex_);
+        sinks_ = std::move(sinks);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<sink>> &sinks()
+    {
+        return sinks_;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        for (auto &sink : sinks_)
+        {
+            if (sink->should_log(msg.level))
+            {
+                sink->log(msg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void flush_() override
+    {
+        for (auto &sink : sinks_)
+        {
+            sink->flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void set_pattern_(const std::string &pattern) override
+    {
+        set_formatter_(details::make_unique<spdlog::pattern_formatter>(pattern));
+    }
+
+    void set_formatter_(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter) override
+    {
+        base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_ = std::move(sink_formatter);
+        for (auto &sink : sinks_)
+        {
+            sink->set_formatter(base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->clone());
+        }
+    }
+    std::vector<std::shared_ptr<sink>> sinks_;
+};
+
+using dist_sink_mt = dist_sink<std::mutex>;
+using dist_sink_st = dist_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/dup_filter_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/dup_filter_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c9a08d68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/dup_filter_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "dist_sink.h"
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg.h>
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <chrono>
+
+// Duplicate message removal sink.
+// Skip the message if previous one is identical and less than "max_skip_duration" have passed
+//
+// Example:
+//
+//     #include <spdlog/sinks/dup_filter_sink.h>
+//
+//     int main() {
+//         auto dup_filter = std::make_shared<dup_filter_sink_st>(std::chrono::seconds(5));
+//         dup_filter->add_sink(std::make_shared<stdout_color_sink_mt>());
+//         spdlog::logger l("logger", dup_filter);
+//         l.info("Hello");
+//         l.info("Hello");
+//         l.info("Hello");
+//         l.info("Different Hello");
+//     }
+//
+// Will produce:
+//       [2019-06-25 17:50:56.511] [logger] [info] Hello
+//       [2019-06-25 17:50:56.512] [logger] [info] Skipped 3 duplicate messages..
+//       [2019-06-25 17:50:56.512] [logger] [info] Different Hello
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+template<typename Mutex>
+class dup_filter_sink : public dist_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    template<class Rep, class Period>
+    explicit dup_filter_sink(std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> max_skip_duration)
+        : max_skip_duration_{max_skip_duration}
+    {}
+
+protected:
+    std::chrono::microseconds max_skip_duration_;
+    log_clock::time_point last_msg_time_;
+    std::string last_msg_payload_;
+    size_t skip_counter_ = 0;
+
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        bool filtered = filter_(msg);
+        if (!filtered)
+        {
+            skip_counter_ += 1;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // log the "skipped.." message
+        if (skip_counter_ > 0)
+        {
+            memory_buf_t buf;
+            fmt::format_to(buf, "Skipped {} duplicate messages..", skip_counter_);
+            details::log_msg skipped_msg{msg.logger_name, level::info, string_view_t{buf.data(), buf.size()}};
+            dist_sink<Mutex>::sink_it_(skipped_msg);
+        }
+
+        // log current message
+        dist_sink<Mutex>::sink_it_(msg);
+        last_msg_time_ = msg.time;
+        skip_counter_ = 0;
+        last_msg_payload_.assign(msg.payload.data(), msg.payload.data() + msg.payload.size());
+    }
+
+    // return whether the log msg should be displayed (true) or skipped (false)
+    bool filter_(const details::log_msg &msg)
+    {
+        auto filter_duration = msg.time - last_msg_time_;
+        return (filter_duration > max_skip_duration_) || (msg.payload != last_msg_payload_);
+    }
+};
+
+using dup_filter_sink_mt = dup_filter_sink<std::mutex>;
+using dup_filter_sink_st = dup_filter_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/hourly_file_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/hourly_file_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f5e34366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/hourly_file_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/file_helper.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/fmt/fmt.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/os.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/circular_q.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+/*
+ * Generator of Hourly log file names in format basename.YYYY-MM-DD-HH.ext
+ */
+struct hourly_filename_calculator
+{
+    // Create filename for the form basename.YYYY-MM-DD-H
+    static filename_t calc_filename(const filename_t &filename, const tm &now_tm)
+    {
+        filename_t basename, ext;
+        std::tie(basename, ext) = details::file_helper::split_by_extension(filename);
+        return fmt::format(
+            SPDLOG_FILENAME_T("{}_{:04d}{:02d}{:02d}_{:02d}{}"), basename, now_tm.tm_year + 1900, now_tm.tm_mon + 1, now_tm.tm_mday, now_tm.tm_hour, ext);
+    }
+};
+
+/*
+ * Rotating file sink based on time.
+ * If truncate != false , the created file will be truncated.
+ * If max_files > 0, retain only the last max_files and delete previous.
+ */
+template<typename Mutex, typename FileNameCalc = hourly_filename_calculator>
+class hourly_file_sink final : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    // create hourly file sink which rotates on given time
+    hourly_file_sink(filename_t base_filename, bool truncate = false, uint16_t max_files = 0)
+        : base_filename_(std::move(base_filename))
+        , truncate_(truncate)
+        , max_files_(max_files)
+        , filenames_q_()
+    {
+        auto now = log_clock::now();
+        auto filename = FileNameCalc::calc_filename(base_filename_, now_tm(now));
+        file_helper_.open(filename, truncate_);
+        rotation_tp_ = next_rotation_tp_();
+
+        if (max_files_ > 0)
+        {
+            init_filenames_q_();
+        }
+    }
+
+    filename_t filename()
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(base_sink<Mutex>::mutex_);
+        return file_helper_.filename();
+    }
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        auto time = msg.time;
+        bool should_rotate = time >= rotation_tp_;
+        if (should_rotate)
+        {
+            auto filename = FileNameCalc::calc_filename(base_filename_, now_tm(time));
+            file_helper_.open(filename, truncate_);
+            rotation_tp_ = next_rotation_tp_();
+        }
+        memory_buf_t formatted;
+        base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+        file_helper_.write(formatted);
+
+        // Do the cleaning only at the end because it might throw on failure.
+        if (should_rotate && max_files_ > 0)
+        {
+            delete_old_();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void flush_() override
+    {
+        file_helper_.flush();
+    }
+
+private:
+    void init_filenames_q_()
+    {
+        using details::os::path_exists;
+
+        filenames_q_ = details::circular_q<filename_t>(static_cast<size_t>(max_files_));
+        std::vector<filename_t> filenames;
+        auto now = log_clock::now();
+        while (filenames.size() < max_files_)
+        {
+            auto filename = FileNameCalc::calc_filename(base_filename_, now_tm(now));
+            if (!path_exists(filename))
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            filenames.emplace_back(filename);
+            now -= std::chrono::hours(1);
+        }
+        for (auto iter = filenames.rbegin(); iter != filenames.rend(); ++iter)
+        {
+            filenames_q_.push_back(std::move(*iter));
+        }
+    }
+
+    tm now_tm(log_clock::time_point tp)
+    {
+        time_t tnow = log_clock::to_time_t(tp);
+        return spdlog::details::os::localtime(tnow);
+    }
+
+    log_clock::time_point next_rotation_tp_()
+    {
+        auto now = log_clock::now();
+        tm date = now_tm(now);
+        date.tm_min = 0;
+        date.tm_sec = 0;
+        auto rotation_time = log_clock::from_time_t(std::mktime(&date));
+        if (rotation_time > now)
+        {
+            return rotation_time;
+        }
+        return {rotation_time + std::chrono::hours(1)};
+    }
+
+    // Delete the file N rotations ago.
+    // Throw spdlog_ex on failure to delete the old file.
+    void delete_old_()
+    {
+        using details::os::filename_to_str;
+        using details::os::remove_if_exists;
+
+        filename_t current_file = file_helper_.filename();
+        if (filenames_q_.full())
+        {
+            auto old_filename = std::move(filenames_q_.front());
+            filenames_q_.pop_front();
+            bool ok = remove_if_exists(old_filename) == 0;
+            if (!ok)
+            {
+                filenames_q_.push_back(std::move(current_file));
+                SPDLOG_THROW(spdlog_ex("Failed removing hourly file " + filename_to_str(old_filename), errno));
+            }
+        }
+        filenames_q_.push_back(std::move(current_file));
+    }
+
+    filename_t base_filename_;
+    log_clock::time_point rotation_tp_;
+    details::file_helper file_helper_;
+    bool truncate_;
+    uint16_t max_files_;
+    details::circular_q<filename_t> filenames_q_;
+};
+
+using hourly_file_sink_mt = hourly_file_sink<std::mutex>;
+using hourly_file_sink_st = hourly_file_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+
+//
+// factory functions
+//
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> hourly_logger_mt(
+    const std::string &logger_name, const filename_t &filename, bool truncate = false, uint16_t max_files = 0)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::hourly_file_sink_mt>(logger_name, filename, truncate, max_files);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> hourly_logger_st(
+    const std::string &logger_name, const filename_t &filename, bool truncate = false, uint16_t max_files = 0)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::hourly_file_sink_st>(logger_name, filename, truncate, max_files);
+}
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/msvc_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/msvc_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8fec428d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/msvc_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2016 Alexander Dalshov.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+
+
+// Avoid including windows.h (https://stackoverflow.com/a/30741042)
+extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) void __stdcall OutputDebugStringA(const char *lpOutputString);
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+/*
+ * MSVC sink (logging using OutputDebugStringA)
+ */
+template<typename Mutex>
+class msvc_sink : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    msvc_sink() = default;
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        memory_buf_t formatted;
+        base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+        OutputDebugStringA(fmt::to_string(formatted).c_str());
+    }
+
+    void flush_() override {}
+};
+
+using msvc_sink_mt = msvc_sink<std::mutex>;
+using msvc_sink_st = msvc_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+
+using windebug_sink_mt = msvc_sink_mt;
+using windebug_sink_st = msvc_sink_st;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/null_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/null_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb832801
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/null_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+class null_sink : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &) override {}
+    void flush_() override {}
+};
+
+using null_sink_mt = null_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+using null_sink_st = null_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> null_logger_mt(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    auto null_logger = Factory::template create<sinks::null_sink_mt>(logger_name);
+    null_logger->set_level(level::off);
+    return null_logger;
+}
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> null_logger_st(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    auto null_logger = Factory::template create<sinks::null_sink_st>(logger_name);
+    null_logger->set_level(level::off);
+    return null_logger;
+}
+
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ostream_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ostream_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..95c1e962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ostream_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <ostream>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+template<typename Mutex>
+class ostream_sink final : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    explicit ostream_sink(std::ostream &os, bool force_flush = false)
+        : ostream_(os)
+        , force_flush_(force_flush)
+    {}
+    ostream_sink(const ostream_sink &) = delete;
+    ostream_sink &operator=(const ostream_sink &) = delete;
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        memory_buf_t formatted;
+        base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+        ostream_.write(formatted.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(formatted.size()));
+        if (force_flush_)
+        {
+            ostream_.flush();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void flush_() override
+    {
+        ostream_.flush();
+    }
+
+    std::ostream &ostream_;
+    bool force_flush_;
+};
+
+using ostream_sink_mt = ostream_sink<std::mutex>;
+using ostream_sink_st = ostream_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ringbuffer_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ringbuffer_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1ee3f691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/ringbuffer_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h"
+#include "spdlog/details/circular_q.h"
+#include "spdlog/details/log_msg_buffer.h"
+#include "spdlog/details/null_mutex.h"
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+/*
+ * Ring buffer sink
+ */
+template<typename Mutex>
+class ringbuffer_sink final : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    explicit ringbuffer_sink(size_t n_items)
+        : q_{n_items}
+    {}
+
+    std::vector<details::log_msg_buffer> last_raw(size_t lim = 0)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(base_sink<Mutex>::mutex_);
+        auto items_available = q_.size();
+        auto n_items = lim > 0 ? (std::min)(lim, items_available) : items_available;
+        std::vector<details::log_msg_buffer> ret;
+        ret.reserve(n_items);
+        for (size_t i = (items_available - n_items); i < items_available; i++)
+        {
+            ret.push_back(q_.at(i));
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> last_formatted(size_t lim = 0)
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(base_sink<Mutex>::mutex_);
+        auto items_available = q_.size();
+        auto n_items = lim > 0 ? (std::min)(lim, items_available) : items_available;
+        std::vector<std::string> ret;
+        ret.reserve(n_items);
+        for (size_t i = (items_available - n_items); i < items_available; i++)
+        {
+            memory_buf_t formatted;
+            base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->format(q_.at(i), formatted);
+            ret.push_back(fmt::to_string(formatted));
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        q_.push_back(details::log_msg_buffer{msg});
+    }
+    void flush_() override {}
+
+private:
+    details::circular_q<details::log_msg_buffer> q_;
+};
+
+using ringbuffer_sink_mt = ringbuffer_sink<std::mutex>;
+using ringbuffer_sink_st = ringbuffer_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/rotating_file_sink-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/rotating_file_sink-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d715ebf3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/rotating_file_sink-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/sinks/rotating_file_sink.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+
+#include <spdlog/details/file_helper.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/fmt/fmt.h>
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <tuple>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE rotating_file_sink<Mutex>::rotating_file_sink(
+    filename_t base_filename, std::size_t max_size, std::size_t max_files, bool rotate_on_open)
+    : base_filename_(std::move(base_filename))
+    , max_size_(max_size)
+    , max_files_(max_files)
+{
+    file_helper_.open(calc_filename(base_filename_, 0));
+    current_size_ = file_helper_.size(); // expensive. called only once
+    if (rotate_on_open && current_size_ > 0)
+    {
+        rotate_();
+    }
+}
+
+// calc filename according to index and file extension if exists.
+// e.g. calc_filename("logs/mylog.txt, 3) => "logs/mylog.3.txt".
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE filename_t rotating_file_sink<Mutex>::calc_filename(const filename_t &filename, std::size_t index)
+{
+    if (index == 0u)
+    {
+        return filename;
+    }
+
+    filename_t basename, ext;
+    std::tie(basename, ext) = details::file_helper::split_by_extension(filename);
+    return fmt::format(SPDLOG_FILENAME_T("{}.{}{}"), basename, index, ext);
+}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE filename_t rotating_file_sink<Mutex>::filename()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<Mutex> lock(base_sink<Mutex>::mutex_);
+    return file_helper_.filename();
+}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void rotating_file_sink<Mutex>::sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg)
+{
+    memory_buf_t formatted;
+    base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+    current_size_ += formatted.size();
+    if (current_size_ > max_size_)
+    {
+        rotate_();
+        current_size_ = formatted.size();
+    }
+    file_helper_.write(formatted);
+}
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void rotating_file_sink<Mutex>::flush_()
+{
+    file_helper_.flush();
+}
+
+// Rotate files:
+// log.txt -> log.1.txt
+// log.1.txt -> log.2.txt
+// log.2.txt -> log.3.txt
+// log.3.txt -> delete
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void rotating_file_sink<Mutex>::rotate_()
+{
+    using details::os::filename_to_str;
+    using details::os::path_exists;
+    file_helper_.close();
+    for (auto i = max_files_; i > 0; --i)
+    {
+        filename_t src = calc_filename(base_filename_, i - 1);
+        if (!path_exists(src))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        filename_t target = calc_filename(base_filename_, i);
+
+        if (!rename_file_(src, target))
+        {
+            // if failed try again after a small delay.
+            // this is a workaround to a windows issue, where very high rotation
+            // rates can cause the rename to fail with permission denied (because of antivirus?).
+            details::os::sleep_for_millis(100);
+            if (!rename_file_(src, target))
+            {
+                file_helper_.reopen(true); // truncate the log file anyway to prevent it to grow beyond its limit!
+                current_size_ = 0;
+                throw_spdlog_ex("rotating_file_sink: failed renaming " + filename_to_str(src) + " to " + filename_to_str(target), errno);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    file_helper_.reopen(true);
+}
+
+// delete the target if exists, and rename the src file  to target
+// return true on success, false otherwise.
+template<typename Mutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE bool rotating_file_sink<Mutex>::rename_file_(const filename_t &src_filename, const filename_t &target_filename)
+{
+    // try to delete the target file in case it already exists.
+    (void)details::os::remove(target_filename);
+    return details::os::rename(src_filename, target_filename) == 0;
+}
+
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/rotating_file_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/rotating_file_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e1e85a7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/rotating_file_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/file_helper.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+//
+// Rotating file sink based on size
+//
+template<typename Mutex>
+class rotating_file_sink final : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    rotating_file_sink(filename_t base_filename, std::size_t max_size, std::size_t max_files, bool rotate_on_open = false);
+    static filename_t calc_filename(const filename_t &filename, std::size_t index);
+    filename_t filename();
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override;
+    void flush_() override;
+
+private:
+    // Rotate files:
+    // log.txt -> log.1.txt
+    // log.1.txt -> log.2.txt
+    // log.2.txt -> log.3.txt
+    // log.3.txt -> delete
+    void rotate_();
+
+    // delete the target if exists, and rename the src file  to target
+    // return true on success, false otherwise.
+    bool rename_file_(const filename_t &src_filename, const filename_t &target_filename);
+
+    filename_t base_filename_;
+    std::size_t max_size_;
+    std::size_t max_files_;
+    std::size_t current_size_;
+    details::file_helper file_helper_;
+};
+
+using rotating_file_sink_mt = rotating_file_sink<std::mutex>;
+using rotating_file_sink_st = rotating_file_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+
+//
+// factory functions
+//
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> rotating_logger_mt(
+    const std::string &logger_name, const filename_t &filename, size_t max_file_size, size_t max_files, bool rotate_on_open = false)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::rotating_file_sink_mt>(logger_name, filename, max_file_size, max_files, rotate_on_open);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> rotating_logger_st(
+    const std::string &logger_name, const filename_t &filename, size_t max_file_size, size_t max_files, bool rotate_on_open = false)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::rotating_file_sink_st>(logger_name, filename, max_file_size, max_files, rotate_on_open);
+}
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "rotating_file_sink-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/sink-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/sink-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a8dd6a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/sink-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/sinks/sink.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE bool spdlog::sinks::sink::should_log(spdlog::level::level_enum msg_level) const
+{
+    return msg_level >= level_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void spdlog::sinks::sink::set_level(level::level_enum log_level)
+{
+    level_.store(log_level, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::level::level_enum spdlog::sinks::sink::level() const
+{
+    return static_cast<spdlog::level::level_enum>(level_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed));
+}
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..be99744d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/details/log_msg.h>
+#include <spdlog/formatter.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+namespace sinks {
+class SPDLOG_API sink
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~sink() = default;
+    virtual void log(const details::log_msg &msg) = 0;
+    virtual void flush() = 0;
+    virtual void set_pattern(const std::string &pattern) = 0;
+    virtual void set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter) = 0;
+
+    void set_level(level::level_enum log_level);
+    level::level_enum level() const;
+    bool should_log(level::level_enum msg_level) const;
+
+protected:
+    // sink log level - default is all
+    level_t level_{level::trace};
+};
+
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "sink-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..935f1ccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/logger.h>
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+template<typename Factory>
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_color_mt(const std::string &logger_name, color_mode mode)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stdout_color_sink_mt>(logger_name, mode);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory>
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_color_st(const std::string &logger_name, color_mode mode)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stdout_color_sink_st>(logger_name, mode);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory>
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_color_mt(const std::string &logger_name, color_mode mode)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stderr_color_sink_mt>(logger_name, mode);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory>
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_color_st(const std::string &logger_name, color_mode mode)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stderr_color_sink_st>(logger_name, mode);
+}
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e67aa91b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_color_sinks.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <spdlog/sinks/wincolor_sink.h>
+#else
+#include <spdlog/sinks/ansicolor_sink.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+using stdout_color_sink_mt = wincolor_stdout_sink_mt;
+using stdout_color_sink_st = wincolor_stdout_sink_st;
+using stderr_color_sink_mt = wincolor_stderr_sink_mt;
+using stderr_color_sink_st = wincolor_stderr_sink_st;
+#else
+using stdout_color_sink_mt = ansicolor_stdout_sink_mt;
+using stdout_color_sink_st = ansicolor_stdout_sink_st;
+using stderr_color_sink_mt = ansicolor_stderr_sink_mt;
+using stderr_color_sink_st = ansicolor_stderr_sink_st;
+#endif
+} // namespace sinks
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_color_mt(const std::string &logger_name, color_mode mode = color_mode::automatic);
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_color_st(const std::string &logger_name, color_mode mode = color_mode::automatic);
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_color_mt(const std::string &logger_name, color_mode mode = color_mode::automatic);
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_color_st(const std::string &logger_name, color_mode mode = color_mode::automatic);
+
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "stdout_color_sinks-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_sinks-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_sinks-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..25192607
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_sinks-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/sinks/stdout_sinks.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/details/console_globals.h>
+#include <spdlog/pattern_formatter.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// under windows using fwrite to non-binary stream results in \r\r\n (see issue #1675)
+// so instead we use ::FileWrite
+#include <spdlog/details/windows_include.h>
+#include <fileapi.h> // WriteFile (..)
+#include <io.h>      // _get_osfhandle(..)
+#include <stdio.h>   // _fileno(..)
+#endif               // WIN32
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+namespace sinks {
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE stdout_sink_base<ConsoleMutex>::stdout_sink_base(FILE *file)
+    : mutex_(ConsoleMutex::mutex())
+    , file_(file)
+    , formatter_(details::make_unique<spdlog::pattern_formatter>())
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    // get windows handle from the FILE* object
+    
+    handle_ = (HANDLE)::_get_osfhandle(::_fileno(file_));    
+        
+    // don't throw to support cases where no console is attached,
+    // and let the log method to do nothing if (handle_ == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE).
+    // throw only if non stdout/stderr target is requested (probably regular file and not console).
+    if (handle_ == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && file != stdout && file != stderr)
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("spdlog::stdout_sink_base: _get_osfhandle() failed", errno);
+    }
+#endif // WIN32
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void stdout_sink_base<ConsoleMutex>::log(const details::log_msg &msg)
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    if (handle_ == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+    {        
+        return;
+    }
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    memory_buf_t formatted;
+    formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+    ::fflush(file_); // flush in case there is somthing in this file_ already
+    auto size = static_cast<DWORD>(formatted.size());
+    DWORD bytes_written = 0;
+    bool ok = ::WriteFile(handle_, formatted.data(), size, &bytes_written, nullptr) != 0;
+    if (!ok)
+    {
+        throw_spdlog_ex("stdout_sink_base: WriteFile() failed. GetLastError(): " + std::to_string(::GetLastError()));
+    }
+#else
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    memory_buf_t formatted;
+    formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+    ::fwrite(formatted.data(), sizeof(char), formatted.size(), file_);
+    ::fflush(file_); // flush every line to terminal
+#endif // WIN32    
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void stdout_sink_base<ConsoleMutex>::flush()
+{
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    fflush(file_);
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void stdout_sink_base<ConsoleMutex>::set_pattern(const std::string &pattern)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    formatter_ = std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter>(new pattern_formatter(pattern));
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE void stdout_sink_base<ConsoleMutex>::set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    formatter_ = std::move(sink_formatter);
+}
+
+// stdout sink
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE stdout_sink<ConsoleMutex>::stdout_sink()
+    : stdout_sink_base<ConsoleMutex>(stdout)
+{}
+
+// stderr sink
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE stderr_sink<ConsoleMutex>::stderr_sink()
+    : stdout_sink_base<ConsoleMutex>(stderr)
+{}
+
+} // namespace sinks
+
+// factory methods
+template<typename Factory>
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_logger_mt(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stdout_sink_mt>(logger_name);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory>
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_logger_st(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stdout_sink_st>(logger_name);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory>
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_logger_mt(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stderr_sink_mt>(logger_name);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory>
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_logger_st(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::stderr_sink_st>(logger_name);
+}
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_sinks.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_sinks.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..40688a46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/stdout_sinks.h
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/details/console_globals.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/sink.h>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <spdlog/details/windows_include.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+namespace sinks {
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+class stdout_sink_base : public sink
+{
+public:
+    using mutex_t = typename ConsoleMutex::mutex_t;
+    explicit stdout_sink_base(FILE *file);
+    ~stdout_sink_base() override = default;
+
+    stdout_sink_base(const stdout_sink_base &other) = delete;
+    stdout_sink_base(stdout_sink_base &&other) = delete;
+
+    stdout_sink_base &operator=(const stdout_sink_base &other) = delete;
+    stdout_sink_base &operator=(stdout_sink_base &&other) = delete;
+
+    void log(const details::log_msg &msg) override;
+    void flush() override;
+    void set_pattern(const std::string &pattern) override;
+
+    void set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter) override;
+
+protected:
+    mutex_t &mutex_;
+    FILE *file_;
+    std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> formatter_;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    HANDLE handle_;    
+#endif // WIN32
+};
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+class stdout_sink : public stdout_sink_base<ConsoleMutex>
+{
+public:
+    stdout_sink();
+};
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+class stderr_sink : public stdout_sink_base<ConsoleMutex>
+{
+public:
+    stderr_sink();
+};
+
+using stdout_sink_mt = stdout_sink<details::console_mutex>;
+using stdout_sink_st = stdout_sink<details::console_nullmutex>;
+
+using stderr_sink_mt = stderr_sink<details::console_mutex>;
+using stderr_sink_st = stderr_sink<details::console_nullmutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+
+// factory methods
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_logger_mt(const std::string &logger_name);
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+std::shared_ptr<logger> stdout_logger_st(const std::string &logger_name);
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_logger_mt(const std::string &logger_name);
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+std::shared_ptr<logger> stderr_logger_st(const std::string &logger_name);
+
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "stdout_sinks-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/syslog_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/syslog_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7c38fcb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/syslog_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#include <string>
+#include <syslog.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+/**
+ * Sink that write to syslog using the `syscall()` library call.
+ */
+template<typename Mutex>
+class syslog_sink : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+
+public:
+    syslog_sink(std::string ident, int syslog_option, int syslog_facility, bool enable_formatting)
+        : enable_formatting_{enable_formatting}
+        , syslog_levels_{{/* spdlog::level::trace      */ LOG_DEBUG,
+              /* spdlog::level::debug      */ LOG_DEBUG,
+              /* spdlog::level::info       */ LOG_INFO,
+              /* spdlog::level::warn       */ LOG_WARNING,
+              /* spdlog::level::err        */ LOG_ERR,
+              /* spdlog::level::critical   */ LOG_CRIT,
+              /* spdlog::level::off        */ LOG_INFO}}
+        , ident_{std::move(ident)}
+    {
+        // set ident to be program name if empty
+        ::openlog(ident_.empty() ? nullptr : ident_.c_str(), syslog_option, syslog_facility);
+    }
+
+    ~syslog_sink() override
+    {
+        ::closelog();
+    }
+
+    syslog_sink(const syslog_sink &) = delete;
+    syslog_sink &operator=(const syslog_sink &) = delete;
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        string_view_t payload;
+        memory_buf_t formatted;
+        if (enable_formatting_)
+        {
+            base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+            payload = string_view_t(formatted.data(), formatted.size());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            payload = msg.payload;
+        }
+
+        size_t length = payload.size();
+        // limit to max int
+        if (length > static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max()))
+        {
+            length = static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max());
+        }
+
+        ::syslog(syslog_prio_from_level(msg), "%.*s", static_cast<int>(length), payload.data());
+    }
+
+    void flush_() override {}
+    bool enable_formatting_ = false;
+
+private:
+    using levels_array = std::array<int, 7>;
+    levels_array syslog_levels_;
+    // must store the ident because the man says openlog might use the pointer as
+    // is and not a string copy
+    const std::string ident_;
+
+    //
+    // Simply maps spdlog's log level to syslog priority level.
+    //
+    int syslog_prio_from_level(const details::log_msg &msg) const
+    {
+        return syslog_levels_.at(static_cast<levels_array::size_type>(msg.level));
+    }
+};
+
+using syslog_sink_mt = syslog_sink<std::mutex>;
+using syslog_sink_st = syslog_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+} // namespace sinks
+
+// Create and register a syslog logger
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> syslog_logger_mt(const std::string &logger_name, const std::string &syslog_ident = "", int syslog_option = 0,
+    int syslog_facility = LOG_USER, bool enable_formatting = false)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::syslog_sink_mt>(logger_name, syslog_ident, syslog_option, syslog_facility, enable_formatting);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> syslog_logger_st(const std::string &logger_name, const std::string &syslog_ident = "", int syslog_option = 0,
+    int syslog_facility = LOG_USER, bool enable_formatting = false)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::syslog_sink_st>(logger_name, syslog_ident, syslog_option, syslog_facility, enable_formatting);
+}
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/systemd_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/systemd_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d23824b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/systemd_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2019 ZVYAGIN.Alexander@gmail.com
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
+
+#include <array>
+#ifndef SD_JOURNAL_SUPPRESS_LOCATION
+#define SD_JOURNAL_SUPPRESS_LOCATION
+#endif
+#include <systemd/sd-journal.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+/**
+ * Sink that write to systemd journal using the `sd_journal_send()` library call.
+ *
+ * Locking is not needed, as `sd_journal_send()` itself is thread-safe.
+ */
+template<typename Mutex>
+class systemd_sink : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    //
+    systemd_sink()
+        : syslog_levels_{{/* spdlog::level::trace      */ LOG_DEBUG,
+              /* spdlog::level::debug      */ LOG_DEBUG,
+              /* spdlog::level::info       */ LOG_INFO,
+              /* spdlog::level::warn       */ LOG_WARNING,
+              /* spdlog::level::err        */ LOG_ERR,
+              /* spdlog::level::critical   */ LOG_CRIT,
+              /* spdlog::level::off        */ LOG_INFO}}
+    {}
+
+    ~systemd_sink() override {}
+
+    systemd_sink(const systemd_sink &) = delete;
+    systemd_sink &operator=(const systemd_sink &) = delete;
+
+protected:
+    using levels_array = std::array<int, 7>;
+    levels_array syslog_levels_;
+
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        int err;
+
+        size_t length = msg.payload.size();
+        // limit to max int
+        if (length > static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max()))
+        {
+            length = static_cast<size_t>(std::numeric_limits<int>::max());
+        }
+
+        // Do not send source location if not available
+        if (msg.source.empty())
+        {
+            // Note: function call inside '()' to avoid macro expansion
+            err = (sd_journal_send)("MESSAGE=%.*s", static_cast<int>(length), msg.payload.data(), "PRIORITY=%d", syslog_level(msg.level),
+                "SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=%.*s", static_cast<int>(msg.logger_name.size()), msg.logger_name.data(), nullptr);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            err = (sd_journal_send)("MESSAGE=%.*s", static_cast<int>(length), msg.payload.data(), "PRIORITY=%d", syslog_level(msg.level),
+                "SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER=%.*s", static_cast<int>(msg.logger_name.size()), msg.logger_name.data(), "CODE_FILE=%s",
+                msg.source.filename, "CODE_LINE=%d", msg.source.line, "CODE_FUNC=%s", msg.source.funcname, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        if (err)
+        {
+            throw_spdlog_ex("Failed writing to systemd", errno);
+        }
+    }
+
+    int syslog_level(level::level_enum l)
+    {
+        return syslog_levels_.at(static_cast<levels_array::size_type>(l));
+    }
+
+    void flush_() override {}
+};
+
+using systemd_sink_mt = systemd_sink<std::mutex>;
+using systemd_sink_st = systemd_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+} // namespace sinks
+
+// Create and register a syslog logger
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> systemd_logger_mt(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::systemd_sink_mt>(logger_name);
+}
+
+template<typename Factory = spdlog::synchronous_factory>
+inline std::shared_ptr<logger> systemd_logger_st(const std::string &logger_name)
+{
+    return Factory::template create<sinks::systemd_sink_st>(logger_name);
+}
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/tcp_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/tcp_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9dd9e51d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/tcp_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <spdlog/details/tcp_client-windows.h>
+#else
+#include <spdlog/details/tcp_client.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <functional>
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Simple tcp client sink
+// Connects to remote address and send the formatted log.
+// Will attempt to reconnect if connection drops.
+// If more complicated behaviour is needed (i.e get responses), you can inherit it and override the sink_it_ method.
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+struct tcp_sink_config
+{
+    std::string server_host;
+    int server_port;
+    bool lazy_connect = false; // if true connect on first log call instead of on construction
+
+    tcp_sink_config(std::string host, int port)
+        : server_host{std::move(host)}
+        , server_port{port}
+    {}
+};
+
+template<typename Mutex>
+class tcp_sink : public spdlog::sinks::base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+public:
+    // connect to tcp host/port or throw if failed
+    // host can be hostname or ip address
+
+    explicit tcp_sink(tcp_sink_config sink_config)
+        : config_{std::move(sink_config)}
+    {
+        if (!config_.lazy_connect)
+        {
+            this->client_.connect(config_.server_host, config_.server_port);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~tcp_sink() override = default;
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const spdlog::details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        spdlog::memory_buf_t formatted;
+        spdlog::sinks::base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+        if (!client_.is_connected())
+        {
+            client_.connect(config_.server_host, config_.server_port);
+        }
+        client_.send(formatted.data(), formatted.size());
+    }
+
+    void flush_() override {}
+    tcp_sink_config config_;
+    details::tcp_client client_;
+};
+
+using tcp_sink_mt = tcp_sink<std::mutex>;
+using tcp_sink_st = tcp_sink<spdlog::details::null_mutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/win_eventlog_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/win_eventlog_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68170dd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/win_eventlog_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+// Writing to Windows Event Log requires the registry entries below to be present, with the following modifications:
+// 1. <log_name>    should be replaced with your log name (e.g. your application name)
+// 2. <source_name> should be replaced with the specific source name and the key should be duplicated for
+//                  each source used in the application
+//
+// Since typically modifications of this kind require elevation, it's better to do it as a part of setup procedure.
+// The snippet below uses mscoree.dll as the message file as it exists on most of the Windows systems anyway and
+// happens to contain the needed resource.
+//
+// You can also specify a custom message file if needed.
+// Please refer to Event Log functions descriptions in MSDN for more details on custom message files.
+
+/*---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\EventLog\<log_name>]
+
+[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\EventLog\<log_name>\<source_name>]
+"TypesSupported"=dword:00000007
+"EventMessageFile"=hex(2):25,00,73,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,72,00,6f,\
+  00,6f,00,74,00,25,00,5c,00,53,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,\
+  5c,00,6d,00,73,00,63,00,6f,00,72,00,65,00,65,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,00,\
+  00
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/base_sink.h>
+
+#include <spdlog/details/windows_include.h>
+#include <winbase.h>
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+
+namespace win_eventlog {
+
+namespace internal {
+
+/** Windows error */
+struct win32_error : public spdlog_ex
+{
+    /** Formats an error report line: "user-message: error-code (system message)" */
+    static std::string format(std::string const &user_message, DWORD error_code = GetLastError())
+    {
+        std::string system_message;
+
+        LPSTR format_message_result{};
+        auto format_message_succeeded =
+            ::FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS, nullptr,
+                error_code, MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT), (LPSTR)&format_message_result, 0, nullptr);
+
+        if (format_message_succeeded && format_message_result)
+        {
+            system_message = fmt::format(" ({})", format_message_result);
+        }
+
+        if (format_message_result)
+        {
+            LocalFree((HLOCAL)format_message_result);
+        }
+
+        return fmt::format("{}: {}{}", user_message, error_code, system_message);
+    }
+
+    explicit win32_error(std::string const &func_name, DWORD error = GetLastError())
+        : spdlog_ex(format(func_name, error))
+    {}
+};
+
+/** Wrapper for security identifiers (SID) on Windows */
+struct sid_t
+{
+    std::vector<char> buffer_;
+
+public:
+    sid_t() {}
+
+    /** creates a wrapped SID copy */
+    static sid_t duplicate_sid(PSID psid)
+    {
+        if (!::IsValidSid(psid))
+        {
+            throw_spdlog_ex("sid_t::sid_t(): invalid SID received");
+        }
+
+        auto const sid_length{::GetLengthSid(psid)};
+
+        sid_t result;
+        result.buffer_.resize(sid_length);
+        if (!::CopySid(sid_length, (PSID)result.as_sid(), psid))
+        {
+            SPDLOG_THROW(win32_error("CopySid"));
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /** Retrieves pointer to the internal buffer contents as SID* */
+    SID *as_sid() const
+    {
+        return buffer_.empty() ? nullptr : (SID *)buffer_.data();
+    }
+
+    /** Get SID for the current user */
+    static sid_t get_current_user_sid()
+    {
+        /* create and init RAII holder for process token */
+        struct process_token_t
+        {
+            HANDLE token_handle_ = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+            explicit process_token_t(HANDLE process)
+            {
+                if (!::OpenProcessToken(process, TOKEN_QUERY, &token_handle_))
+                {
+                    SPDLOG_THROW(win32_error("OpenProcessToken"));
+                }
+            }
+
+            ~process_token_t()
+            {
+                ::CloseHandle(token_handle_);
+            }
+
+        } current_process_token(::GetCurrentProcess()); // GetCurrentProcess returns pseudohandle, no leak here!
+
+        // Get the required size, this is expected to fail with ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER and return the token size
+        DWORD tusize = 0;
+        if (::GetTokenInformation(current_process_token.token_handle_, TokenUser, NULL, 0, &tusize))
+        {
+            SPDLOG_THROW(win32_error("GetTokenInformation should fail"));
+        }
+
+        // get user token
+        std::vector<unsigned char> buffer(static_cast<size_t>(tusize));
+        if (!::GetTokenInformation(current_process_token.token_handle_, TokenUser, (LPVOID)buffer.data(), tusize, &tusize))
+        {
+            SPDLOG_THROW(win32_error("GetTokenInformation"));
+        }
+
+        // create a wrapper of the SID data as stored in the user token
+        return sid_t::duplicate_sid(((TOKEN_USER *)buffer.data())->User.Sid);
+    }
+};
+
+struct eventlog
+{
+    static WORD get_event_type(details::log_msg const &msg)
+    {
+        switch (msg.level)
+        {
+        case level::trace:
+        case level::debug:
+            return EVENTLOG_SUCCESS;
+
+        case level::info:
+            return EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE;
+
+        case level::warn:
+            return EVENTLOG_WARNING_TYPE;
+
+        case level::err:
+        case level::critical:
+        case level::off:
+            return EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE;
+
+        default:
+            return EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static WORD get_event_category(details::log_msg const &msg)
+    {
+        return (WORD)msg.level;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+/*
+ * Windows Event Log sink
+ */
+template<typename Mutex>
+class win_eventlog_sink : public base_sink<Mutex>
+{
+private:
+    HANDLE hEventLog_{NULL};
+    internal::sid_t current_user_sid_;
+    std::string source_;
+    WORD event_id_;
+
+    HANDLE event_log_handle()
+    {
+        if (!hEventLog_)
+        {
+            hEventLog_ = ::RegisterEventSourceA(nullptr, source_.c_str());
+            if (!hEventLog_ || hEventLog_ == (HANDLE)ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED)
+            {
+                SPDLOG_THROW(internal::win32_error("RegisterEventSource"));
+            }
+        }
+
+        return hEventLog_;
+    }
+
+protected:
+    void sink_it_(const details::log_msg &msg) override
+    {
+        using namespace internal;
+
+        bool succeeded;
+        memory_buf_t formatted;
+        base_sink<Mutex>::formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+        formatted.push_back('\0');
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT
+        wmemory_buf_t buf;
+        details::os::utf8_to_wstrbuf(string_view_t(formatted.data(), formatted.size()), buf);
+
+        LPCWSTR lp_wstr = buf.data();
+        succeeded = ::ReportEventW(event_log_handle(), eventlog::get_event_type(msg), eventlog::get_event_category(msg), event_id_,
+                current_user_sid_.as_sid(), 1, 0, &lp_wstr, nullptr);
+#else
+        LPCSTR lp_str = formatted.data();
+        succeeded = ::ReportEventA(event_log_handle(), eventlog::get_event_type(msg), eventlog::get_event_category(msg), event_id_,
+                current_user_sid_.as_sid(), 1, 0, &lp_str, nullptr);
+#endif
+
+        if (!succeeded)
+        {
+            SPDLOG_THROW(win32_error("ReportEvent"));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void flush_() override {}
+
+public:
+    win_eventlog_sink(std::string const &source, WORD event_id = 1000 /* according to mscoree.dll */)
+        : source_(source)
+        , event_id_(event_id)
+    {
+        try
+        {
+            current_user_sid_ = internal::sid_t::get_current_user_sid();
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            // get_current_user_sid() is unlikely to fail and if it does, we can still proceed without
+            // current_user_sid but in the event log the record will have no user name
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~win_eventlog_sink()
+    {
+        if (hEventLog_)
+            DeregisterEventSource(hEventLog_);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace win_eventlog
+
+using win_eventlog_sink_mt = win_eventlog::win_eventlog_sink<std::mutex>;
+using win_eventlog_sink_st = win_eventlog::win_eventlog_sink<details::null_mutex>;
+
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/wincolor_sink-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/wincolor_sink-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e2676d3c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/wincolor_sink-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/sinks/wincolor_sink.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/details/windows_include.h>
+#include <wincon.h>
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/pattern_formatter.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::wincolor_sink(void *out_handle, color_mode mode)
+    : out_handle_(out_handle)
+    , mutex_(ConsoleMutex::mutex())
+    , formatter_(details::make_unique<spdlog::pattern_formatter>())
+{
+
+    set_color_mode_impl(mode);
+    // set level colors
+    colors_[level::trace] = FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE;     // white
+    colors_[level::debug] = FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE;                      // cyan
+    colors_[level::info] = FOREGROUND_GREEN;                                         // green
+    colors_[level::warn] = FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY; // intense yellow
+    colors_[level::err] = FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;                     // intense red
+    colors_[level::critical] =
+        BACKGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY; // intense white on red background
+    colors_[level::off] = 0;
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::~wincolor_sink()
+{
+    this->flush();
+}
+
+// change the color for the given level
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::set_color(level::level_enum level, std::uint16_t color)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    colors_[level] = color;
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::log(const details::log_msg &msg)
+{
+    if (out_handle_ == nullptr || out_handle_ == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    msg.color_range_start = 0;
+    msg.color_range_end = 0;
+    memory_buf_t formatted;
+    formatter_->format(msg, formatted);
+    if (should_do_colors_ && msg.color_range_end > msg.color_range_start)
+    {
+        // before color range
+        print_range_(formatted, 0, msg.color_range_start);
+        // in color range
+        auto orig_attribs = static_cast<WORD>(set_foreground_color_(colors_[msg.level]));
+        print_range_(formatted, msg.color_range_start, msg.color_range_end);
+        // reset to orig colors
+        ::SetConsoleTextAttribute(static_cast<HANDLE>(out_handle_), orig_attribs);
+        print_range_(formatted, msg.color_range_end, formatted.size());
+    }
+    else // print without colors if color range is invalid (or color is disabled)
+    {
+        write_to_file_(formatted);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::flush()
+{
+    // windows console always flushed?
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::set_pattern(const std::string &pattern)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    formatter_ = std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter>(new pattern_formatter(pattern));
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    formatter_ = std::move(sink_formatter);
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::set_color_mode(color_mode mode)
+{
+    std::lock_guard<mutex_t> lock(mutex_);
+    set_color_mode_impl(mode);
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::set_color_mode_impl(color_mode mode)
+{
+    if (mode == color_mode::automatic)
+    {
+        // should do colors only if out_handle_  points to actual console.
+        DWORD console_mode;
+        bool in_console = ::GetConsoleMode(static_cast<HANDLE>(out_handle_), &console_mode) != 0;
+        should_do_colors_ = in_console;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        should_do_colors_ = mode == color_mode::always ? true : false;
+    }
+}
+
+// set foreground color and return the orig console attributes (for resetting later)
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+std::uint16_t SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::set_foreground_color_(std::uint16_t attribs)
+{
+    CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO orig_buffer_info;
+    if (!::GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(static_cast<HANDLE>(out_handle_), &orig_buffer_info))
+    {
+        // just return white if failed getting console info
+        return FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN | FOREGROUND_BLUE; 
+    }
+    
+    // change only the foreground bits (lowest 4 bits) 
+    auto new_attribs = static_cast<WORD>(attribs) | (orig_buffer_info.wAttributes & 0xfff0);
+    auto ignored = ::SetConsoleTextAttribute(static_cast<HANDLE>(out_handle_), static_cast<WORD>(new_attribs));
+    (void)(ignored);
+    return static_cast<std::uint16_t>(orig_buffer_info.wAttributes); // return orig attribs
+}
+
+// print a range of formatted message to console
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::print_range_(const memory_buf_t &formatted, size_t start, size_t end)
+{
+    if (end > start)
+    {
+        auto size = static_cast<DWORD>(end - start);
+        auto ignored = ::WriteConsoleA(static_cast<HANDLE>(out_handle_), formatted.data() + start, size, nullptr, nullptr);
+        (void)(ignored);
+    }
+}
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+void SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>::write_to_file_(const memory_buf_t &formatted)
+{
+    auto size = static_cast<DWORD>(formatted.size());
+    DWORD bytes_written = 0;
+    auto ignored = ::WriteFile(static_cast<HANDLE>(out_handle_), formatted.data(), size, &bytes_written, nullptr);
+    (void)(ignored);
+}
+
+// wincolor_stdout_sink
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_stdout_sink<ConsoleMutex>::wincolor_stdout_sink(color_mode mode)
+    : wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>(::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), mode)
+{}
+
+// wincolor_stderr_sink
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+SPDLOG_INLINE wincolor_stderr_sink<ConsoleMutex>::wincolor_stderr_sink(color_mode mode)
+    : wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>(::GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE), mode)
+{}
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/wincolor_sink.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/wincolor_sink.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a82f1b24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/sinks/wincolor_sink.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/console_globals.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/null_mutex.h>
+#include <spdlog/sinks/sink.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+namespace sinks {
+/*
+ * Windows color console sink. Uses WriteConsoleA to write to the console with
+ * colors
+ */
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+class wincolor_sink : public sink
+{
+public:   
+    wincolor_sink(void *out_handle, color_mode mode);
+    ~wincolor_sink() override;
+
+    wincolor_sink(const wincolor_sink &other) = delete;
+    wincolor_sink &operator=(const wincolor_sink &other) = delete;
+
+    // change the color for the given level
+    void set_color(level::level_enum level, std::uint16_t color);
+    void log(const details::log_msg &msg) final override;
+    void flush() final override;
+    void set_pattern(const std::string &pattern) override final;
+    void set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> sink_formatter) override final;
+    void set_color_mode(color_mode mode);
+
+protected:
+    using mutex_t = typename ConsoleMutex::mutex_t;
+    void *out_handle_;
+    mutex_t &mutex_;    
+    bool should_do_colors_;
+    std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> formatter_;
+    std::array<std::uint16_t, level::n_levels> colors_;
+
+    // set foreground color and return the orig console attributes (for resetting later)
+    std::uint16_t set_foreground_color_(std::uint16_t attribs);
+
+    // print a range of formatted message to console
+    void print_range_(const memory_buf_t &formatted, size_t start, size_t end);
+
+    // in case we are redirected to file (not in console mode)
+    void write_to_file_(const memory_buf_t &formatted);
+
+    void set_color_mode_impl(color_mode mode);
+};
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+class wincolor_stdout_sink : public wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>
+{
+public:
+    explicit wincolor_stdout_sink(color_mode mode = color_mode::automatic);
+};
+
+template<typename ConsoleMutex>
+class wincolor_stderr_sink : public wincolor_sink<ConsoleMutex>
+{
+public:
+    explicit wincolor_stderr_sink(color_mode mode = color_mode::automatic);
+};
+
+using wincolor_stdout_sink_mt = wincolor_stdout_sink<details::console_mutex>;
+using wincolor_stdout_sink_st = wincolor_stdout_sink<details::console_nullmutex>;
+
+using wincolor_stderr_sink_mt = wincolor_stderr_sink<details::console_mutex>;
+using wincolor_stderr_sink_st = wincolor_stderr_sink<details::console_nullmutex>;
+} // namespace sinks
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "wincolor_sink-inl.h"
+#endif
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/spdlog-inl.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/spdlog-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..96e09f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/spdlog-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include <spdlog/spdlog.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/pattern_formatter.h>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void initialize_logger(std::shared_ptr<logger> logger)
+{
+    details::registry::instance().initialize_logger(std::move(logger));
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<logger> get(const std::string &name)
+{
+    return details::registry::instance().get(name);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> formatter)
+{
+    details::registry::instance().set_formatter(std::move(formatter));
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void set_pattern(std::string pattern, pattern_time_type time_type)
+{
+    set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter>(new pattern_formatter(std::move(pattern), time_type)));
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void enable_backtrace(size_t n_messages)
+{
+    details::registry::instance().enable_backtrace(n_messages);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void disable_backtrace()
+{
+    details::registry::instance().disable_backtrace();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void dump_backtrace()
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->dump_backtrace();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE level::level_enum get_level()
+{
+    return default_logger_raw()->level();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE bool should_log(level::level_enum log_level)
+{
+    return default_logger_raw()->should_log(log_level);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void set_level(level::level_enum log_level)
+{
+    details::registry::instance().set_level(log_level);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void flush_on(level::level_enum log_level)
+{
+    details::registry::instance().flush_on(log_level);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void flush_every(std::chrono::seconds interval)
+{
+    details::registry::instance().flush_every(interval);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void set_error_handler(void (*handler)(const std::string &msg))
+{
+    details::registry::instance().set_error_handler(handler);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void register_logger(std::shared_ptr<logger> logger)
+{
+    details::registry::instance().register_logger(std::move(logger));
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void apply_all(const std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<logger>)> &fun)
+{
+    details::registry::instance().apply_all(fun);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void drop(const std::string &name)
+{
+    details::registry::instance().drop(name);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void drop_all()
+{
+    details::registry::instance().drop_all();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void shutdown()
+{
+    details::registry::instance().shutdown();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void set_automatic_registration(bool automatic_registration)
+{
+    details::registry::instance().set_automatic_registration(automatic_registration);
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> default_logger()
+{
+    return details::registry::instance().default_logger();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE spdlog::logger *default_logger_raw()
+{
+    return details::registry::instance().get_default_raw();
+}
+
+SPDLOG_INLINE void set_default_logger(std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> default_logger)
+{
+    details::registry::instance().set_default_logger(std::move(default_logger));
+}
+
+} // namespace spdlog
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/spdlog.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/spdlog.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb130d94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/spdlog.h
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+// spdlog main header file.
+// see example.cpp for usage example
+
+#ifndef SPDLOG_H
+#define SPDLOG_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/common.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/registry.h>
+#include <spdlog/logger.h>
+#include <spdlog/version.h>
+#include <spdlog/details/synchronous_factory.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace spdlog {
+
+using default_factory = synchronous_factory;
+
+// Create and register a logger with a templated sink type
+// The logger's level, formatter and flush level will be set according the
+// global settings.
+//
+// Example:
+//   spdlog::create<daily_file_sink_st>("logger_name", "dailylog_filename", 11, 59);
+template<typename Sink, typename... SinkArgs>
+inline std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> create(std::string logger_name, SinkArgs &&...sink_args)
+{
+    return default_factory::create<Sink>(std::move(logger_name), std::forward<SinkArgs>(sink_args)...);
+}
+
+// Initialize and register a logger,
+// formatter and flush level will be set according the global settings.
+//
+// Useful for initializing manually created loggers with the global settings.
+//
+// Example:
+//   auto mylogger = std::make_shared<spdlog::logger>("mylogger", ...);
+//   spdlog::initialize_logger(mylogger);
+SPDLOG_API void initialize_logger(std::shared_ptr<logger> logger);
+
+// Return an existing logger or nullptr if a logger with such name doesn't
+// exist.
+// example: spdlog::get("my_logger")->info("hello {}", "world");
+SPDLOG_API std::shared_ptr<logger> get(const std::string &name);
+
+// Set global formatter. Each sink in each logger will get a clone of this object
+SPDLOG_API void set_formatter(std::unique_ptr<spdlog::formatter> formatter);
+
+// Set global format string.
+// example: spdlog::set_pattern("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%e %l : %v");
+SPDLOG_API void set_pattern(std::string pattern, pattern_time_type time_type = pattern_time_type::local);
+
+// enable global backtrace support
+SPDLOG_API void enable_backtrace(size_t n_messages);
+
+// disable global backtrace support
+SPDLOG_API void disable_backtrace();
+
+// call dump backtrace on default logger
+SPDLOG_API void dump_backtrace();
+
+// Get global logging level
+SPDLOG_API level::level_enum get_level();
+
+// Set global logging level
+SPDLOG_API void set_level(level::level_enum log_level);
+
+// Determine whether the default logger should log messages with a certain level
+SPDLOG_API bool should_log(level::level_enum lvl);
+
+// Set global flush level
+SPDLOG_API void flush_on(level::level_enum log_level);
+
+// Start/Restart a periodic flusher thread
+// Warning: Use only if all your loggers are thread safe!
+SPDLOG_API void flush_every(std::chrono::seconds interval);
+
+// Set global error handler
+SPDLOG_API void set_error_handler(void (*handler)(const std::string &msg));
+
+// Register the given logger with the given name
+SPDLOG_API void register_logger(std::shared_ptr<logger> logger);
+
+// Apply a user defined function on all registered loggers
+// Example:
+// spdlog::apply_all([&](std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> l) {l->flush();});
+SPDLOG_API void apply_all(const std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<logger>)> &fun);
+
+// Drop the reference to the given logger
+SPDLOG_API void drop(const std::string &name);
+
+// Drop all references from the registry
+SPDLOG_API void drop_all();
+
+// stop any running threads started by spdlog and clean registry loggers
+SPDLOG_API void shutdown();
+
+// Automatic registration of loggers when using spdlog::create() or spdlog::create_async
+SPDLOG_API void set_automatic_registration(bool automatic_registration);
+
+// API for using default logger (stdout_color_mt),
+// e.g: spdlog::info("Message {}", 1);
+//
+// The default logger object can be accessed using the spdlog::default_logger():
+// For example, to add another sink to it:
+// spdlog::default_logger()->sinks().push_back(some_sink);
+//
+// The default logger can replaced using spdlog::set_default_logger(new_logger).
+// For example, to replace it with a file logger.
+//
+// IMPORTANT:
+// The default API is thread safe (for _mt loggers), but:
+// set_default_logger() *should not* be used concurrently with the default API.
+// e.g do not call set_default_logger() from one thread while calling spdlog::info() from another.
+
+SPDLOG_API std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> default_logger();
+
+SPDLOG_API spdlog::logger *default_logger_raw();
+
+SPDLOG_API void set_default_logger(std::shared_ptr<spdlog::logger> default_logger);
+
+template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+inline void log(source_loc source, level::level_enum lvl, const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->log(source, lvl, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+inline void log(level::level_enum lvl, const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->log(source_loc{}, lvl, fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+inline void trace(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->trace(fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+inline void debug(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->debug(fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+inline void info(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->info(fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+inline void warn(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->warn(fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+inline void error(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->error(fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template<typename FormatString, typename... Args>
+inline void critical(const FormatString &fmt, Args&&...args)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->critical(fmt, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void log(source_loc source, level::level_enum lvl, const T &msg)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->log(source, lvl, msg);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void log(level::level_enum lvl, const T &msg)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->log(lvl, msg);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void trace(const T &msg)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->trace(msg);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void debug(const T &msg)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->debug(msg);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void info(const T &msg)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->info(msg);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void warn(const T &msg)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->warn(msg);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void error(const T &msg)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->error(msg);
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void critical(const T &msg)
+{
+    default_logger_raw()->critical(msg);
+}
+
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+//
+// enable/disable log calls at compile time according to global level.
+//
+// define SPDLOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL to one of those (before including spdlog.h):
+// SPDLOG_LEVEL_TRACE,
+// SPDLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
+// SPDLOG_LEVEL_INFO,
+// SPDLOG_LEVEL_WARN,
+// SPDLOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
+// SPDLOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL,
+// SPDLOG_LEVEL_OFF
+//
+
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_CALL(logger, level, ...) (logger)->log(spdlog::source_loc{__FILE__, __LINE__, SPDLOG_FUNCTION}, level, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#if SPDLOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL <= SPDLOG_LEVEL_TRACE
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_TRACE(logger, ...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_CALL(logger, spdlog::level::trace, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define SPDLOG_TRACE(...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_TRACE(spdlog::default_logger_raw(), __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_TRACE(logger, ...) (void)0
+#define SPDLOG_TRACE(...) (void)0
+#endif
+
+#if SPDLOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL <= SPDLOG_LEVEL_DEBUG
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_DEBUG(logger, ...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_CALL(logger, spdlog::level::debug, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define SPDLOG_DEBUG(...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_DEBUG(spdlog::default_logger_raw(), __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_DEBUG(logger, ...) (void)0
+#define SPDLOG_DEBUG(...) (void)0
+#endif
+
+#if SPDLOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL <= SPDLOG_LEVEL_INFO
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(logger, ...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_CALL(logger, spdlog::level::info, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define SPDLOG_INFO(...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(spdlog::default_logger_raw(), __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_INFO(logger, ...) (void)0
+#define SPDLOG_INFO(...) (void)0
+#endif
+
+#if SPDLOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL <= SPDLOG_LEVEL_WARN
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_WARN(logger, ...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_CALL(logger, spdlog::level::warn, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define SPDLOG_WARN(...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_WARN(spdlog::default_logger_raw(), __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_WARN(logger, ...) (void)0
+#define SPDLOG_WARN(...) (void)0
+#endif
+
+#if SPDLOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL <= SPDLOG_LEVEL_ERROR
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_ERROR(logger, ...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_CALL(logger, spdlog::level::err, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define SPDLOG_ERROR(...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_ERROR(spdlog::default_logger_raw(), __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_ERROR(logger, ...) (void)0
+#define SPDLOG_ERROR(...) (void)0
+#endif
+
+#if SPDLOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL <= SPDLOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_CRITICAL(logger, ...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_CALL(logger, spdlog::level::critical, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define SPDLOG_CRITICAL(...) SPDLOG_LOGGER_CRITICAL(spdlog::default_logger_raw(), __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define SPDLOG_LOGGER_CRITICAL(logger, ...) (void)0
+#define SPDLOG_CRITICAL(...) (void)0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SPDLOG_HEADER_ONLY
+#include "spdlog-inl.h"
+#endif
+
+#endif // SPDLOG_H
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/stopwatch.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/stopwatch.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..bb976b19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/stopwatch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <spdlog/fmt/fmt.h>
+
+// Stopwatch support for spdlog  (using std::chrono::steady_clock).
+// Displays elapsed seconds since construction as double.
+//
+// Usage:
+//
+// spdlog::stopwatch sw;
+// ...
+// spdlog::debug("Elapsed: {} seconds", sw);    =>  "Elapsed 0.005116733 seconds"
+// spdlog::info("Elapsed: {:.6} seconds", sw);  =>  "Elapsed 0.005163 seconds"
+//
+//
+// If other units are needed (e.g. millis instead of double), include "fmt/chrono.h" and use "duration_cast<..>(sw.elapsed())":
+//
+// #include <spdlog/fmt/chrono.h>
+//..
+// using std::chrono::duration_cast;
+// using std::chrono::milliseconds;
+// spdlog::info("Elapsed {}", duration_cast<milliseconds>(sw.elapsed())); => "Elapsed 5ms"
+
+namespace spdlog {
+class stopwatch
+{
+    using clock = std::chrono::steady_clock;
+    std::chrono::time_point<clock> start_tp_;
+
+public:
+    stopwatch()
+        : start_tp_{clock::now()}
+    {}
+
+    std::chrono::duration<double> elapsed() const
+    {
+        return std::chrono::duration<double>(clock::now() - start_tp_);
+    }
+
+    void reset()
+    {
+        start_tp_ = clock ::now();
+    }
+};
+} // namespace spdlog
+
+// Support for fmt formatting  (e.g. "{:012.9}" or just "{}")
+namespace fmt {
+template<>
+struct formatter<spdlog::stopwatch> : formatter<double>
+{
+    template<typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(const spdlog::stopwatch &sw, FormatContext &ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out())
+    {
+        return formatter<double>::format(sw.elapsed().count(), ctx);
+    }
+};
+} // namespace fmt
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/tweakme.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/tweakme.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..31e417ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/tweakme.h
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Edit this file to squeeze more performance, and to customize supported
+// features
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Under Linux, the much faster CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE clock can be used.
+// This clock is less accurate - can be off by dozens of millis - depending on
+// the kernel HZ.
+// Uncomment to use it instead of the regular clock.
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_CLOCK_COARSE
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment if thread id logging is not needed (i.e. no %t in the log pattern).
+// This will prevent spdlog from querying the thread id on each log call.
+//
+// WARNING: If the log pattern contains thread id (i.e, %t) while this flag is
+// on, zero will be logged as thread id.
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_NO_THREAD_ID
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment to prevent spdlog from using thread local storage.
+//
+// WARNING: if your program forks, UNCOMMENT this flag to prevent undefined
+// thread ids in the children logs.
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_NO_TLS
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment to avoid spdlog's usage of atomic log levels
+// Use only if your code never modifies a logger's log levels concurrently by
+// different threads.
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_NO_ATOMIC_LEVELS
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment to enable usage of wchar_t for file names on Windows.
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_WCHAR_FILENAMES
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment to override default eol ("\n" or "\r\n" under Linux/Windows)
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_EOL ";-)\n"
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment to override default folder separators ("/" or "\\/" under
+// Linux/Windows). Each character in the string is treated as a different
+// separator.
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_FOLDER_SEPS "\\"
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment to use your own copy of the fmt library instead of spdlog's copy.
+// In this case spdlog will try to include <fmt/format.h> so set your -I flag
+// accordingly.
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_FMT_EXTERNAL
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment to enable wchar_t support (convert to utf8)
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_WCHAR_TO_UTF8_SUPPORT
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment to prevent child processes from inheriting log file descriptors
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_PREVENT_CHILD_FD
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment to customize level names (e.g. "MT TRACE")
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_LEVEL_NAMES { "MY TRACE", "MY DEBUG", "MY INFO", "MY WARNING",
+// "MY ERROR", "MY CRITICAL", "OFF" }
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment to customize short level names (e.g. "MT")
+// These can be longer than one character.
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_SHORT_LEVEL_NAMES { "T", "D", "I", "W", "E", "C", "O" }
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment to disable default logger creation.
+// This might save some (very) small initialization time if no default logger is needed.
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_DISABLE_DEFAULT_LOGGER
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment and set to compile time level with zero cost (default is INFO).
+// Macros like SPDLOG_DEBUG(..), SPDLOG_INFO(..)  will expand to empty statements if not enabled
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_ACTIVE_LEVEL SPDLOG_LEVEL_INFO
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Uncomment (and change if desired) macro to use for function names.
+// This is compiler dependent.
+// __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ might be nicer in clang/gcc, and __FUNCTION__ in msvc.
+// Defaults to __FUNCTION__ (should work on all compilers) if not defined.
+//
+// #define SPDLOG_FUNCTION __PRETTY_FUNCTION__
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
diff --git a/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/version.h b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/version.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..828f78cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/thirdparty/spdlog/version.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Copyright(c) 2015-present, Gabi Melman & spdlog contributors.
+// Distributed under the MIT License (http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+
+#pragma once
+
+#define SPDLOG_VER_MAJOR 1
+#define SPDLOG_VER_MINOR 8
+#define SPDLOG_VER_PATCH 5
+
+#define SPDLOG_VERSION (SPDLOG_VER_MAJOR * 10000 + SPDLOG_VER_MINOR * 100 + SPDLOG_VER_PATCH)
diff --git a/primedev/util/printcommands.cpp b/primedev/util/printcommands.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..34d56666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/util/printcommands.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+#include "printcommands.h"
+#include "core/convar/cvar.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+
+void PrintCommandHelpDialogue(const ConCommandBase* command, const char* name)
+{
+	if (!command)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("unknown command {}", name);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// temp because command->IsCommand does not currently work
+	ConVar* cvar = g_pCVar->FindVar(command->m_pszName);
+
+	// build string for flags if not FCVAR_NONE
+	std::string flagString;
+	if (command->GetFlags() != FCVAR_NONE)
+	{
+		flagString = "( ";
+
+		for (auto& flagPair : g_PrintCommandFlags)
+		{
+			if (command->GetFlags() & flagPair.first)
+			{
+				// special case, slightly hacky: PRINTABLEONLY is for commands, GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS is for concommands, both have the
+				// same value
+				if (flagPair.first == FCVAR_PRINTABLEONLY)
+				{
+					if (cvar && !strcmp(flagPair.second, "GAMEDLL_FOR_REMOTE_CLIENTS"))
+						continue;
+
+					if (!cvar && !strcmp(flagPair.second, "PRINTABLEONLY"))
+						continue;
+				}
+
+				flagString += flagPair.second;
+				flagString += " ";
+			}
+		}
+
+		flagString += ") ";
+	}
+
+	if (cvar)
+		spdlog::info("\"{}\" = \"{}\" {}- {}", cvar->GetBaseName(), cvar->GetString(), flagString, cvar->GetHelpText());
+	else
+		spdlog::info("\"{}\" {} - {}", command->m_pszName, flagString, command->GetHelpText());
+}
+
+void TryPrintCvarHelpForCommand(const char* pCommand)
+{
+	// try to display help text for an inputted command string from the console
+	int pCommandLen = strlen(pCommand);
+	char* pCvarStr = new char[pCommandLen];
+	strcpy(pCvarStr, pCommand);
+
+	// trim whitespace from right
+	for (int i = pCommandLen - 1; i; i--)
+	{
+		if (isspace(pCvarStr[i]))
+			pCvarStr[i] = '\0';
+		else
+			break;
+	}
+
+	// check if we're inputting a cvar, but not setting it at all
+	ConVar* cvar = g_pCVar->FindVar(pCvarStr);
+	if (cvar)
+		PrintCommandHelpDialogue(&cvar->m_ConCommandBase, pCvarStr);
+
+	delete[] pCvarStr;
+}
+
+void ConCommand_help(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	if (arg.ArgC() < 2)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Usage: help <cvarname>");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	PrintCommandHelpDialogue(g_pCVar->FindCommandBase(arg.Arg(1)), arg.Arg(1));
+}
+
+void ConCommand_find(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	if (arg.ArgC() < 2)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Usage: find <string> [<string>...]");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	char pTempName[256];
+	char pTempSearchTerm[256];
+
+	ConCommandBase* var;
+	CCVarIteratorInternal* itint = g_pCVar->FactoryInternalIterator();
+	std::map<std::string, ConCommandBase*> sorted;
+	for (itint->SetFirst(); itint->IsValid(); itint->Next())
+	{
+		var = itint->Get();
+		if (!var->IsFlagSet(FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY) && !var->IsFlagSet(FCVAR_HIDDEN))
+		{
+			sorted.insert({var->m_pszName, var});
+		}
+	}
+	delete itint;
+
+	for (auto& map : sorted)
+	{
+		bool bPrintCommand = true;
+		for (int i = 0; i < arg.ArgC() - 1; i++)
+		{
+			// make lowercase to avoid case sensitivity
+			strncpy_s(pTempName, sizeof(pTempName), map.second->m_pszName, sizeof(pTempName) - 1);
+			strncpy_s(pTempSearchTerm, sizeof(pTempSearchTerm), arg.Arg(i + 1), sizeof(pTempSearchTerm) - 1);
+
+			for (int i = 0; pTempName[i]; i++)
+				pTempName[i] = tolower(pTempName[i]);
+
+			for (int i = 0; pTempSearchTerm[i]; i++)
+				pTempSearchTerm[i] = tolower(pTempSearchTerm[i]);
+
+			if (!strstr(pTempName, pTempSearchTerm))
+			{
+				bPrintCommand = false;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (bPrintCommand)
+			PrintCommandHelpDialogue(map.second, map.second->m_pszName);
+	}
+}
+
+void ConCommand_findflags(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	if (arg.ArgC() < 2)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Usage: findflags <string>");
+		for (auto& flagPair : g_PrintCommandFlags)
+			spdlog::info("   - {}", flagPair.second);
+
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// convert input flag to uppercase
+	char* upperFlag = new char[strlen(arg.Arg(1))];
+	strcpy(upperFlag, arg.Arg(1));
+
+	for (int i = 0; upperFlag[i]; i++)
+		upperFlag[i] = toupper(upperFlag[i]);
+
+	// resolve flag name => int flags
+	int resolvedFlag = FCVAR_NONE;
+	for (auto& flagPair : g_PrintCommandFlags)
+	{
+		if (!strcmp(flagPair.second, upperFlag))
+		{
+			resolvedFlag |= flagPair.first;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	ConCommandBase* var;
+	CCVarIteratorInternal* itint = g_pCVar->FactoryInternalIterator();
+	std::map<std::string, ConCommandBase*> sorted;
+	for (itint->SetFirst(); itint->IsValid(); itint->Next())
+	{
+		var = itint->Get();
+		if (!var->IsFlagSet(FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY) && !var->IsFlagSet(FCVAR_HIDDEN))
+		{
+			sorted.insert({var->m_pszName, var});
+		}
+	}
+	delete itint;
+
+	for (auto& map : sorted)
+	{
+		if (map.second->m_nFlags & resolvedFlag)
+			PrintCommandHelpDialogue(map.second, map.second->m_pszName);
+	}
+
+	delete[] upperFlag;
+}
+
+void ConCommand_list(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	ConCommandBase* var;
+	CCVarIteratorInternal* itint = g_pCVar->FactoryInternalIterator();
+	std::map<std::string, ConCommandBase*> sorted;
+	for (itint->SetFirst(); itint->IsValid(); itint->Next())
+	{
+		var = itint->Get();
+		if (!var->IsFlagSet(FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY) && !var->IsFlagSet(FCVAR_HIDDEN))
+		{
+			sorted.insert({var->m_pszName, var});
+		}
+	}
+	delete itint;
+
+	for (auto& map : sorted)
+	{
+		PrintCommandHelpDialogue(map.second, map.second->m_pszName);
+	}
+	spdlog::info("{} total convars/concommands", sorted.size());
+}
+
+void ConCommand_differences(const CCommand& arg)
+{
+	CCVarIteratorInternal* itint = g_pCVar->FactoryInternalIterator();
+	std::map<std::string, ConCommandBase*> sorted;
+
+	for (itint->SetFirst(); itint->IsValid(); itint->Next())
+	{
+		ConCommandBase* var = itint->Get();
+		if (!var->IsFlagSet(FCVAR_DEVELOPMENTONLY) && !var->IsFlagSet(FCVAR_HIDDEN))
+		{
+			sorted.insert({var->m_pszName, var});
+		}
+	}
+	delete itint;
+
+	for (auto& map : sorted)
+	{
+		ConVar* cvar = g_pCVar->FindVar(map.second->m_pszName);
+
+		if (!cvar)
+		{
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (strcmp(cvar->GetString(), "FCVAR_NEVER_AS_STRING") == NULL)
+		{
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (strcmp(cvar->GetString(), cvar->m_pszDefaultValue) == NULL)
+		{
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		std::string formatted =
+			fmt::format("\"{}\" = \"{}\" ( def. \"{}\" )", cvar->GetBaseName(), cvar->GetString(), cvar->m_pszDefaultValue);
+
+		if (cvar->m_bHasMin)
+		{
+			formatted.append(fmt::format(" min. {}", cvar->m_fMinVal));
+		}
+
+		if (cvar->m_bHasMax)
+		{
+			formatted.append(fmt::format(" max. {}", cvar->m_fMaxVal));
+		}
+
+		formatted.append(fmt::format(" - {}", cvar->GetHelpText()));
+		spdlog::info(formatted);
+	}
+}
+
+void InitialiseCommandPrint()
+{
+	RegisterConCommand(
+		"convar_find", ConCommand_find, "Find convars/concommands with the specified string in their name/help text.", FCVAR_NONE);
+
+	// these commands already exist, so we need to modify the preexisting command to use our func instead
+	// and clear the flags also
+	ConCommand* helpCommand = g_pCVar->FindCommand("help");
+	helpCommand->m_nFlags = FCVAR_NONE;
+	helpCommand->m_pCommandCallback = ConCommand_help;
+
+	ConCommand* findCommand = g_pCVar->FindCommand("convar_findByFlags");
+	findCommand->m_nFlags = FCVAR_NONE;
+	findCommand->m_pCommandCallback = ConCommand_findflags;
+
+	ConCommand* listCommand = g_pCVar->FindCommand("convar_list");
+	listCommand->m_nFlags = FCVAR_NONE;
+	listCommand->m_pCommandCallback = ConCommand_list;
+
+	ConCommand* diffCommand = g_pCVar->FindCommand("convar_differences");
+	diffCommand->m_nFlags = FCVAR_NONE;
+	diffCommand->m_pCommandCallback = ConCommand_differences;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/util/printcommands.h b/primedev/util/printcommands.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cb72e5cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/util/printcommands.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+
+void PrintCommandHelpDialogue(const ConCommandBase* command, const char* name);
+void TryPrintCvarHelpForCommand(const char* pCommand);
+void InitialiseCommandPrint();
diff --git a/primedev/util/printmaps.cpp b/primedev/util/printmaps.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d3253605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/util/printmaps.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+#include "printmaps.h"
+#include "core/convar/convar.h"
+#include "core/convar/concommand.h"
+#include "mods/modmanager.h"
+#include "core/tier0.h"
+#include "engine/r2engine.h"
+#include "squirrel/squirrel.h"
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <regex>
+
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+enum class MapSource_t
+{
+	VPK,
+	GAMEDIR,
+	MOD
+};
+
+const std::unordered_map<MapSource_t, const char*> PrintMapSource = {
+	{MapSource_t::VPK, "VPK"}, {MapSource_t::MOD, "MOD"}, {MapSource_t::GAMEDIR, "R2"}};
+
+struct MapVPKInfo
+{
+	std::string name;
+	std::string parent;
+	MapSource_t source;
+};
+
+// our current list of maps in the game
+std::vector<MapVPKInfo> vMapList;
+
+typedef void (*Host_Map_helperType)(const CCommand&, void*);
+typedef void (*Host_Changelevel_fType)(const CCommand&);
+
+Host_Map_helperType Host_Map_helper;
+Host_Changelevel_fType Host_Changelevel_f;
+
+void RefreshMapList()
+{
+	// Only update the maps list every 10 seconds max to we avoid constantly reading fs
+	static double fLastRefresh = -999;
+
+	if (fLastRefresh + 10.0 > g_pGlobals->m_flRealTime)
+		return;
+
+	fLastRefresh = g_pGlobals->m_flRealTime;
+
+	// Rebuild map list
+	vMapList.clear();
+
+	// get modded maps
+	// TODO: could probably check mod vpks to get mapnames from there too?
+	for (auto& modFilePair : g_pModManager->m_ModFiles)
+	{
+		ModOverrideFile file = modFilePair.second;
+		if (file.m_Path.extension() == ".bsp" && file.m_Path.parent_path().string() == "maps") // only allow mod maps actually in /maps atm
+		{
+			MapVPKInfo& map = vMapList.emplace_back();
+			map.name = file.m_Path.stem().string();
+			map.parent = file.m_pOwningMod->Name;
+			map.source = MapSource_t::MOD;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// get maps in vpk
+	{
+		const int iNumRetailNonMapVpks = 1;
+		static const char* const ppRetailNonMapVpks[] = {
+			"englishclient_frontend.bsp.pak000_dir.vpk"}; // don't include mp_common here as it contains mp_lobby
+
+		// matches directory vpks, and captures their map name in the first group
+		static const std::regex rVpkMapRegex("englishclient_([a-zA-Z0-9_]+)\\.bsp\\.pak000_dir\\.vpk", std::regex::icase);
+
+		for (fs::directory_entry file : fs::directory_iterator("./vpk"))
+		{
+			std::string pathString = file.path().filename().string();
+
+			bool bIsValidMapVpk = true;
+			for (int i = 0; i < iNumRetailNonMapVpks; i++)
+			{
+				if (!pathString.compare(ppRetailNonMapVpks[i]))
+				{
+					bIsValidMapVpk = false;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (!bIsValidMapVpk)
+				continue;
+
+			// run our map vpk regex on the filename
+			std::smatch match;
+			std::regex_match(pathString, match, rVpkMapRegex);
+
+			if (match.length() < 2)
+				continue;
+
+			std::string mapName = match[1].str();
+			// special case: englishclient_mp_common contains mp_lobby, so hardcode the name here
+			if (mapName == "mp_common")
+				mapName = "mp_lobby";
+
+			MapVPKInfo& map = vMapList.emplace_back();
+			map.name = mapName;
+			map.parent = pathString;
+			map.source = MapSource_t::VPK;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// get maps in game dir
+	std::string gameDir = fmt::format("{}/maps", g_pModName);
+	if (!std::filesystem::exists(gameDir))
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (fs::directory_entry file : fs::directory_iterator(gameDir))
+	{
+		if (file.path().extension() == ".bsp")
+		{
+			MapVPKInfo& map = vMapList.emplace_back();
+			map.name = file.path().stem().string();
+			map.parent = "R2";
+			map.source = MapSource_t::GAMEDIR;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(_Host_Map_f_CompletionFunc, engine.dll + 0x161AE0,
+int, __fastcall, (const char *const cmdname, const char *const partial, char commands[COMMAND_COMPLETION_MAXITEMS][COMMAND_COMPLETION_ITEM_LENGTH]))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	RefreshMapList();
+
+	// use a custom autocomplete func for all map loading commands
+	const int cmdLength = strlen(cmdname);
+	const char* query = partial + cmdLength;
+	const int queryLength = strlen(query);
+
+	int numMaps = 0;
+	for (int i = 0; i < vMapList.size() && numMaps < COMMAND_COMPLETION_MAXITEMS; i++)
+	{
+		if (!strncmp(query, vMapList[i].name.c_str(), queryLength))
+		{
+			strcpy(commands[numMaps], cmdname);
+			strncpy_s(
+				commands[numMaps++] + cmdLength,
+				COMMAND_COMPLETION_ITEM_LENGTH,
+				&vMapList[i].name[0],
+				COMMAND_COMPLETION_ITEM_LENGTH - cmdLength);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return numMaps;
+}
+
+ADD_SQFUNC(
+	"array<string>",
+	NSGetLoadedMapNames,
+	"",
+	"Returns a string array of loaded map file names",
+	ScriptContext::UI | ScriptContext::CLIENT | ScriptContext::SERVER)
+{
+	// Maybe we should call this on mods reload instead
+	RefreshMapList();
+
+	g_pSquirrel<context>->newarray(sqvm, 0);
+
+	for (MapVPKInfo& map : vMapList)
+	{
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->pushstring(sqvm, map.name.c_str());
+		g_pSquirrel<context>->arrayappend(sqvm, -2);
+	}
+
+	return SQRESULT_NOTNULL;
+}
+
+void ConCommand_maps(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	if (args.ArgC() < 2)
+	{
+		spdlog::info("Usage: maps <substring>");
+		spdlog::info("maps * for full listing");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	RefreshMapList();
+
+	for (MapVPKInfo& map : vMapList) // need to figure out a nice way to include parent path without making the formatting awful
+		if ((*args.Arg(1) == '*' && !args.Arg(1)[1]) || strstr(map.name.c_str(), args.Arg(1)))
+			spdlog::info("({}) {}", PrintMapSource.at(map.source), map.name);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+AUTOHOOK(Host_Map_f, engine.dll + 0x15B340, void, __fastcall, (const CCommand& args))
+// clang-format on
+{
+	RefreshMapList();
+
+	if (args.ArgC() > 1 &&
+		std::find_if(vMapList.begin(), vMapList.end(), [&](MapVPKInfo map) -> bool { return map.name == args.Arg(1); }) == vMapList.end())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Map load failed: {} not found or invalid", args.Arg(1));
+		return;
+	}
+	else if (args.ArgC() == 1)
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Map load failed: no map name provided");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (*g_pServerState >= server_state_t::ss_active)
+		return Host_Changelevel_f(args);
+	else
+		return Host_Map_helper(args, nullptr);
+}
+
+void InitialiseMapsPrint()
+{
+	AUTOHOOK_DISPATCH()
+
+	ConCommand* mapsCommand = g_pCVar->FindCommand("maps");
+	mapsCommand->m_pCommandCallback = ConCommand_maps;
+}
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", Host_Map_f, (CModule module))
+{
+	Host_Map_helper = module.Offset(0x15AEF0).RCast<Host_Map_helperType>();
+	Host_Changelevel_f = module.Offset(0x15AAD0).RCast<Host_Changelevel_fType>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/util/printmaps.h b/primedev/util/printmaps.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b01761c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/util/printmaps.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#pragma once
+void InitialiseMapsPrint();
diff --git a/primedev/util/utils.cpp b/primedev/util/utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3f90cfa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/util/utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include "utils.h"
+
+bool skip_valid_ansi_csi_sgr(char*& str)
+{
+	if (*str++ != '\x1B')
+		return false;
+	if (*str++ != '[') // CSI
+		return false;
+	for (char* c = str; *c; c++)
+	{
+		if (*c >= '0' && *c <= '9')
+			continue;
+		if (*c == ';' || *c == ':')
+			continue;
+		if (*c == 'm') // SGR
+			break;
+		return false;
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+void RemoveAsciiControlSequences(char* str, bool allow_color_codes)
+{
+	for (char *pc = str, c = *pc; c = *pc; pc++)
+	{
+		// skip UTF-8 characters
+		int bytesToSkip = 0;
+		if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0)
+			bytesToSkip = 1; // skip 2-byte UTF-8 sequence
+		else if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0)
+			bytesToSkip = 2; // skip 3-byte UTF-8 sequence
+		else if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0)
+			bytesToSkip = 3; // skip 4-byte UTF-8 sequence
+		else if ((c & 0xFC) == 0xF8)
+			bytesToSkip = 4; // skip 5-byte UTF-8 sequence
+		else if ((c & 0xFE) == 0xFC)
+			bytesToSkip = 5; // skip 6-byte UTF-8 sequence
+
+		bool invalid = false;
+		char* orgpc = pc;
+		for (int i = 0; i < bytesToSkip; i++)
+		{
+			char next = pc[1];
+
+			// valid UTF-8 part
+			if ((next & 0xC0) == 0x80)
+			{
+				pc++;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			// invalid UTF-8 part or encountered \0
+			invalid = true;
+			break;
+		}
+		if (invalid)
+		{
+			// erase the whole "UTF-8" sequence
+			for (char* x = orgpc; x <= pc; x++)
+				if (*x != '\0')
+					*x = ' ';
+				else
+					break;
+		}
+		if (bytesToSkip > 0)
+			continue; // this byte was already handled as UTF-8
+
+		// an invalid control character or an UTF-8 part outside of UTF-8 sequence
+		if ((iscntrl(c) && c != '\n' && c != '\r' && c != '\x1B') || (c & 0x80) != 0)
+		{
+			*pc = ' ';
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (c == '\x1B') // separate handling for this escape sequence...
+			if (allow_color_codes && skip_valid_ansi_csi_sgr(pc)) // ...which we allow for color codes...
+				pc--;
+			else // ...but remove it otherwise
+				*pc = ' ';
+	}
+}
diff --git a/primedev/util/utils.h b/primedev/util/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..85922692
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/util/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+void RemoveAsciiControlSequences(char* str, bool allow_color_codes);
diff --git a/primedev/util/version.cpp b/primedev/util/version.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a947cde1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/util/version.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#include "util/version.h"
+#include "ns_version.h"
+#include "dedicated/dedicated.h"
+
+char version[16];
+char NSUserAgent[256];
+
+void InitialiseVersion()
+{
+	constexpr int northstar_version[4] {NORTHSTAR_VERSION};
+	int ua_len = 0;
+
+	// We actually use the rightmost integer do determine whether or not we're a debug/dev build
+	// If it is set to a non-zero value, we are a dev build
+	// On github CI, we set this to a 0 automatically as we replace the 0,0,0,1 with the real version number
+	if (northstar_version[3])
+	{
+		sprintf(version, "%d.%d.%d.%d+dev", northstar_version[0], northstar_version[1], northstar_version[2], northstar_version[3]);
+		ua_len += snprintf(
+			NSUserAgent + ua_len,
+			sizeof(NSUserAgent) - ua_len,
+			"R2Northstar/%d.%d.%d+dev",
+			northstar_version[0],
+			northstar_version[1],
+			northstar_version[2]);
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		sprintf(version, "%d.%d.%d.%d", northstar_version[0], northstar_version[1], northstar_version[2], northstar_version[3]);
+		ua_len += snprintf(
+			NSUserAgent + ua_len,
+			sizeof(NSUserAgent) - ua_len,
+			"R2Northstar/%d.%d.%d",
+			northstar_version[0],
+			northstar_version[1],
+			northstar_version[2]);
+	}
+
+	if (IsDedicatedServer())
+		ua_len += snprintf(NSUserAgent + ua_len, sizeof(NSUserAgent) - ua_len, " (Dedicated)");
+
+	// Add the host platform info to the user agent.
+	//
+	// note: ntdll will always be loaded
+	HMODULE ntdll = GetModuleHandleA("ntdll");
+	if (ntdll)
+	{
+		// real win32 version info (i.e., ignore manifest)
+		DWORD(WINAPI * RtlGetVersion)(LPOSVERSIONINFOEXW);
+		*(FARPROC*)(&RtlGetVersion) = GetProcAddress(ntdll, "RtlGetVersion");
+
+		// wine version (7.0-rc1, 7.0, 7.11, etc)
+		const char*(CDECL * wine_get_version)(void);
+		*(FARPROC*)(&wine_get_version) = GetProcAddress(ntdll, "wine_get_version");
+
+		// human-readable build string (e.g., "wine-7.22 (Staging)")
+		const char*(CDECL * wine_get_build_id)(void);
+		*(FARPROC*)(&wine_get_build_id) = GetProcAddress(ntdll, "wine_get_build_id");
+
+		// uname sysname (Darwin, Linux, etc) and release (kernel version string)
+		void(CDECL * wine_get_host_version)(const char** sysname, const char** release);
+		*(FARPROC*)(&wine_get_host_version) = GetProcAddress(ntdll, "wine_get_host_version");
+
+		OSVERSIONINFOEXW osvi = {};
+		const char *wine_version = NULL, *wine_build_id = NULL, *wine_sysname = NULL, *wine_release = NULL;
+		if (RtlGetVersion)
+			RtlGetVersion(&osvi);
+		if (wine_get_version)
+			wine_version = wine_get_version();
+		if (wine_get_build_id)
+			wine_build_id = wine_get_build_id();
+		if (wine_get_host_version)
+			wine_get_host_version(&wine_sysname, &wine_release);
+
+		// windows version
+		if (osvi.dwMajorVersion)
+			ua_len += snprintf(
+				NSUserAgent + ua_len,
+				sizeof(NSUserAgent) - ua_len,
+				" Windows/%d.%d.%d",
+				osvi.dwMajorVersion,
+				osvi.dwMinorVersion,
+				osvi.dwBuildNumber);
+
+		// wine version
+		if (wine_version && wine_build_id)
+			ua_len += snprintf(NSUserAgent + ua_len, sizeof(NSUserAgent) - ua_len, " Wine/%s (%s)", wine_version, wine_build_id);
+
+		// wine host system version
+		if (wine_sysname && wine_release)
+			ua_len += snprintf(NSUserAgent + ua_len, sizeof(NSUserAgent) - ua_len, " %s/%s", wine_sysname, wine_release);
+	}
+
+	return;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/util/version.h b/primedev/util/version.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a3dcf8c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/util/version.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+extern char version[16];
+extern char NSUserAgent[256];
+
+void InitialiseVersion();
diff --git a/primedev/util/wininfo.cpp b/primedev/util/wininfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4fd64369
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/util/wininfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+AUTOHOOK_INIT()
+
+HWND* g_gameHWND;
+HMODULE g_NorthstarModule = 0;
+
+ON_DLL_LOAD("engine.dll", WinInfo, (CModule module))
+{
+	g_gameHWND = module.Offset(0x7d88a0).RCast<HWND*>();
+}
diff --git a/primedev/util/wininfo.h b/primedev/util/wininfo.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c56f7b87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/util/wininfo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+
+extern HWND* g_gameHWND;
+extern HMODULE g_NorthstarModule;
diff --git a/primedev/wsockproxy/dllmain.cpp b/primedev/wsockproxy/dllmain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4cc4f26e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/wsockproxy/dllmain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+#include "loader.h"
+
+#include <shlwapi.h>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+HINSTANCE hLThis = 0;
+FARPROC p[857];
+HINSTANCE hL = 0;
+
+bool GetExePathWide(wchar_t* dest, DWORD destSize)
+{
+	if (!dest)
+		return NULL;
+	if (destSize < MAX_PATH)
+		return NULL;
+
+	DWORD length = GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, dest, destSize);
+	return length && PathRemoveFileSpecW(dest);
+}
+
+wchar_t exePath[4096];
+wchar_t buffer1[8192];
+wchar_t buffer2[12288];
+
+BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE hInst, DWORD reason, LPVOID)
+{
+	if (reason == DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH)
+	{
+		hLThis = hInst;
+
+		if (!GetExePathWide(exePath, 4096))
+		{
+			MessageBoxA(
+				GetForegroundWindow(),
+				"Failed getting game directory.\nThe game cannot continue and has to exit.",
+				"Northstar Wsock32 Proxy Error",
+				0);
+			return true;
+		}
+
+		SetCurrentDirectoryW(exePath);
+
+		if (!ProvisionNorthstar()) // does not call InitialiseNorthstar yet, will do it on LauncherMain hook
+			return true;
+
+		// copy the original library for system to our local directory, with changed name so that we can load it
+		swprintf_s(buffer1, L"%s\\bin\\x64_retail\\wsock32.org.dll", exePath);
+		GetSystemDirectoryW(buffer2, 4096);
+		swprintf_s(buffer2, L"%s\\wsock32.dll", buffer2);
+		try
+		{
+			std::filesystem::copy_file(buffer2, buffer1);
+		}
+		catch (const std::exception& e1)
+		{
+			if (!std::filesystem::exists(buffer1))
+			{
+				// fallback by copying to temp dir...
+				// because apparently games installed by EA Desktop app don't have write permissions in their directories
+				auto temp_dir = std::filesystem::temp_directory_path() / L"wsock32.org.dll";
+				try
+				{
+					std::filesystem::copy_file(buffer2, temp_dir);
+				}
+				catch (const std::exception& e2)
+				{
+					if (!std::filesystem::exists(temp_dir))
+					{
+						swprintf_s(
+							buffer2,
+							L"Failed copying wsock32.dll from system32 to \"%s\"\n\n%S\n\nFurthermore, we failed copying wsock32.dll into "
+							L"temporary directory at \"%s\"\n\n%S",
+							buffer1,
+							e1.what(),
+							temp_dir.c_str(),
+							e2.what());
+						MessageBoxW(GetForegroundWindow(), buffer2, L"Northstar Wsock32 Proxy Error", 0);
+						return false;
+					}
+				}
+				swprintf_s(buffer1, L"%s", temp_dir.c_str());
+			}
+		}
+		hL = LoadLibraryExW(buffer1, 0, LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH);
+		if (!hL)
+		{
+			LibraryLoadError(GetLastError(), L"wsock32.org.dll", buffer1);
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// load the functions to proxy
+		// it's only some of them, because in case of wsock32 most of the functions can actually be natively redirected
+		// (see wsock32.def and https://source.winehq.org/WineAPI/wsock32.html)
+		p[1] = GetProcAddress(hL, "EnumProtocolsA");
+		p[2] = GetProcAddress(hL, "EnumProtocolsW");
+		p[4] = GetProcAddress(hL, "GetAddressByNameA");
+		p[5] = GetProcAddress(hL, "GetAddressByNameW");
+		p[17] = GetProcAddress(hL, "WEP");
+		p[30] = GetProcAddress(hL, "WSARecvEx");
+		p[36] = GetProcAddress(hL, "__WSAFDIsSet");
+		p[45] = GetProcAddress(hL, "getnetbyname");
+		p[52] = GetProcAddress(hL, "getsockopt");
+		p[56] = GetProcAddress(hL, "inet_network");
+		p[67] = GetProcAddress(hL, "s_perror");
+		p[72] = GetProcAddress(hL, "setsockopt");
+	}
+
+	if (reason == DLL_PROCESS_DETACH)
+	{
+		FreeLibrary(hL);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+extern "C"
+{
+	FARPROC PA = NULL;
+	int RunASM();
+
+	void PROXY_EnumProtocolsA()
+	{
+		PA = p[1];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+	void PROXY_EnumProtocolsW()
+	{
+		PA = p[2];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+	void PROXY_GetAddressByNameA()
+	{
+		PA = p[4];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+	void PROXY_GetAddressByNameW()
+	{
+		PA = p[5];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+	void PROXY_WEP()
+	{
+		PA = p[17];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+	void PROXY_WSARecvEx()
+	{
+		PA = p[30];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+	void PROXY___WSAFDIsSet()
+	{
+		PA = p[36];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+	void PROXY_getnetbyname()
+	{
+		PA = p[45];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+	void PROXY_getsockopt()
+	{
+		PA = p[52];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+	void PROXY_inet_network()
+	{
+		PA = p[56];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+	void PROXY_s_perror()
+	{
+		PA = p[67];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+	void PROXY_setsockopt()
+	{
+		PA = p[72];
+		RunASM();
+	}
+}
diff --git a/primedev/wsockproxy/loader.cpp b/primedev/wsockproxy/loader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3e46c1a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/wsockproxy/loader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#include "loader.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <system_error>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+void LibraryLoadError(DWORD dwMessageId, const wchar_t* libName, const wchar_t* location)
+{
+	char text[4096];
+	std::string message = std::system_category().message(dwMessageId);
+	sprintf_s(text, "Failed to load the %ls at \"%ls\" (%lu):\n\n%hs", libName, location, dwMessageId, message.c_str());
+	if (dwMessageId == 126 && std::filesystem::exists(location))
+	{
+		sprintf_s(
+			text,
+			"%s\n\nThe file at the specified location DOES exist, so this error indicates that one of its *dependencies* failed to be "
+			"found.",
+			text);
+	}
+	MessageBoxA(GetForegroundWindow(), text, "Northstar Wsock32 Proxy Error", 0);
+}
+
+bool ShouldLoadNorthstar()
+{
+	bool loadNorthstar = strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-northstar");
+
+	if (loadNorthstar)
+		return loadNorthstar;
+
+	auto runNorthstarFile = std::ifstream("run_northstar.txt");
+	if (runNorthstarFile)
+	{
+		std::stringstream runNorthstarFileBuffer;
+		runNorthstarFileBuffer << runNorthstarFile.rdbuf();
+		runNorthstarFile.close();
+		if (!runNorthstarFileBuffer.str().starts_with("0"))
+			loadNorthstar = true;
+	}
+	return loadNorthstar;
+}
+
+bool LoadNorthstar()
+{
+	FARPROC Hook_Init = nullptr;
+	{
+		std::string strProfile = "R2Northstar";
+		char* clachar = strstr(GetCommandLineA(), "-profile=");
+		if (clachar)
+		{
+			std::string cla = std::string(clachar);
+			if (strncmp(cla.substr(9, 1).c_str(), "\"", 1))
+			{
+				int space = cla.find(" ");
+				std::string dirname = cla.substr(9, space - 9);
+				std::cout << "[*] Found profile in command line arguments: " << dirname << std::endl;
+				strProfile = dirname.c_str();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				std::string quote = "\"";
+				int quote1 = cla.find(quote);
+				int quote2 = (cla.substr(quote1 + 1)).find(quote);
+				std::string dirname = cla.substr(quote1 + 1, quote2);
+				std::cout << "[*] Found profile in command line arguments: " << dirname << std::endl;
+				strProfile = dirname;
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			std::cout << "[*] Profile was not found in command line arguments. Using default: R2Northstar" << std::endl;
+			strProfile = "R2Northstar";
+		}
+
+		wchar_t buffer[8192];
+
+		// Check if "Northstar.dll" exists in profile directory, if it doesnt fall back to root
+		swprintf_s(buffer, L"%s\\%s\\Northstar.dll", exePath, std::wstring(strProfile.begin(), strProfile.end()).c_str());
+
+		if (!fs::exists(fs::path(buffer)))
+			swprintf_s(buffer, L"%s\\Northstar.dll", exePath);
+
+		std::wcout << L"[*] Using: " << buffer << std::endl;
+
+		HMODULE hHookModule = LoadLibraryExW(buffer, 0, 8u);
+		if (hHookModule)
+			Hook_Init = GetProcAddress(hHookModule, "InitialiseNorthstar");
+		if (!hHookModule || Hook_Init == nullptr)
+		{
+			LibraryLoadError(GetLastError(), L"Northstar.dll", buffer);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+	((bool (*)())Hook_Init)();
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+typedef int (*LauncherMainType)(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow);
+LauncherMainType LauncherMainOriginal;
+
+int LauncherMainHook(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
+{
+	if (ShouldLoadNorthstar())
+		LoadNorthstar();
+	return LauncherMainOriginal(hInstance, hPrevInstance, lpCmdLine, nCmdShow);
+}
+
+bool ProvisionNorthstar()
+{
+	if (!ShouldLoadNorthstar())
+		return true;
+
+	if (MH_Initialize() != MH_OK)
+	{
+		MessageBoxA(
+			GetForegroundWindow(), "MH_Initialize failed\nThe game cannot continue and has to exit.", "Northstar Wsock32 Proxy Error", 0);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	auto launcherHandle = GetModuleHandleA("launcher.dll");
+	if (!launcherHandle)
+	{
+		MessageBoxA(
+			GetForegroundWindow(),
+			"Launcher isn't loaded yet.\nThe game cannot continue and has to exit.",
+			"Northstar Wsock32 Proxy Error",
+			0);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	LPVOID pTarget = (LPVOID)GetProcAddress(launcherHandle, "LauncherMain");
+	if (MH_CreateHook(pTarget, (LPVOID)&LauncherMainHook, reinterpret_cast<LPVOID*>(&LauncherMainOriginal)) != MH_OK ||
+		MH_EnableHook(pTarget) != MH_OK)
+		MessageBoxA(GetForegroundWindow(), "Hook creation failed for function LauncherMain.", "Northstar Wsock32 Proxy Error", 0);
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/primedev/wsockproxy/loader.h b/primedev/wsockproxy/loader.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0c6fb053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/wsockproxy/loader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+extern wchar_t exePath[4096];
+extern wchar_t buffer1[8192];
+extern wchar_t buffer2[12288];
+
+void LibraryLoadError(DWORD dwMessageId, const wchar_t* libName, const wchar_t* location);
+bool ShouldLoadNorthstar();
+bool ProvisionNorthstar();
diff --git a/primedev/wsockproxy/pch.h b/primedev/wsockproxy/pch.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ebc29547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/wsockproxy/pch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// pch.h: This is a precompiled header file.
+// Files listed below are compiled only once, improving build performance for future builds.
+// This also affects IntelliSense performance, including code completion and many code browsing features.
+// However, files listed here are ALL re-compiled if any one of them is updated between builds.
+// Do not add files here that you will be updating frequently as this negates the performance advantage.
+
+#ifndef PCH_H
+#define PCH_H
+
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // Exclude rarely-used stuff from Windows headers
+// Windows Header Files
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "MinHook.h"
+
+#endif // PCH_H
diff --git a/primedev/wsockproxy/wsock32.asm b/primedev/wsockproxy/wsock32.asm
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..22a9c384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/wsockproxy/wsock32.asm
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+.data
+extern PA : qword
+.code
+RunASM proc
+jmp qword ptr [PA]
+RunASM endp
+end
diff --git a/primedev/wsockproxy/wsock32.def b/primedev/wsockproxy/wsock32.def
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..448440b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/primedev/wsockproxy/wsock32.def
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+LIBRARY wsock32
+EXPORTS
+	AcceptEx=mswsock.AcceptEx
+	EnumProtocolsA=PROXY_EnumProtocolsA
+	EnumProtocolsW=PROXY_EnumProtocolsW
+	GetAcceptExSockaddrs=mswsock.GetAcceptExSockaddrs
+	GetAddressByNameA=PROXY_GetAddressByNameA
+	GetAddressByNameW=PROXY_GetAddressByNameW
+	GetNameByTypeA=ws2_32.GetNameByTypeA
+	GetNameByTypeW=ws2_32.GetNameByTypeW
+	GetServiceA=ws2_32.GetServiceA
+	GetServiceW=ws2_32.GetServiceW
+	GetTypeByNameA=ws2_32.GetTypeByNameA
+	GetTypeByNameW=ws2_32.GetTypeByNameW
+	MigrateWinsockConfiguration=ws2_32.MigrateWinsockConfiguration
+	NPLoadNameSpaces=ws2_32.NPLoadNameSpaces
+	SetServiceA=ws2_32.SetServiceA
+	SetServiceW=ws2_32.SetServiceW
+	TransmitFile=mswsock.TransmitFile
+	WEP=PROXY_WEP
+	WSAAsyncGetHostByAddr=ws2_32.WSAAsyncGetHostByAddr
+	WSAAsyncGetHostByName=ws2_32.WSAAsyncGetHostByName
+	WSAAsyncGetProtoByName=ws2_32.WSAAsyncGetProtoByName
+	WSAAsyncGetProtoByNumber=ws2_32.WSAAsyncGetProtoByNumber
+	WSAAsyncGetServByName=ws2_32.WSAAsyncGetServByName
+	WSAAsyncGetServByPort=ws2_32.WSAAsyncGetServByPort
+	WSAAsyncSelect=ws2_32.WSAAsyncSelect
+	WSACancelAsyncRequest=ws2_32.WSACancelAsyncRequest
+	WSACancelBlockingCall=ws2_32.WSACancelBlockingCall
+	WSACleanup=ws2_32.WSACleanup @116
+	WSAGetLastError=ws2_32.WSAGetLastError @111
+	WSAIsBlocking=ws2_32.WSAIsBlocking
+	WSARecvEx=PROXY_WSARecvEx
+	WSASetBlockingHook=ws2_32.WSASetBlockingHook
+	WSASetLastError=ws2_32.WSASetLastError @112
+	WSAStartup=ws2_32.WSAStartup @115
+	WSAUnhookBlockingHook=ws2_32.WSAUnhookBlockingHook
+	WSApSetPostRoutine=ws2_32.WSApSetPostRoutine
+	__WSAFDIsSet=PROXY___WSAFDIsSet @151
+	accept=ws2_32.accept @1
+	bind=ws2_32.bind @2
+	closesocket=ws2_32.closesocket @3
+	connect=ws2_32.connect @4
+	dn_expand=ws2_32.dn_expand @1106
+	gethostbyaddr=ws2_32.gethostbyaddr
+	gethostbyname=ws2_32.gethostbyname @52
+	gethostname=ws2_32.gethostname @57
+	getnetbyname=PROXY_getnetbyname @ 1101
+	getpeername=ws2_32.getpeername @5
+	getprotobyname=ws2_32.getprotobyname
+	getprotobynumber=ws2_32.getprotobynumber
+	getservbyname=ws2_32.getservbyname
+	getservbyport=ws2_32.getservbyport
+	getsockname=ws2_32.getsockname @6
+	getsockopt=PROXY_getsockopt @7
+	htonl=ws2_32.htonl
+	htons=ws2_32.htons @9
+	inet_addr=ws2_32.inet_addr
+	inet_network=PROXY_inet_network
+	inet_ntoa=ws2_32.inet_ntoa
+	ioctlsocket=ws2_32.ioctlsocket @12
+	listen=ws2_32.listen @13
+	ntohl=ws2_32.ntohl
+	ntohs=ws2_32.ntohs @15
+	rcmd=ws2_32.rcmd
+	recv=ws2_32.recv @16
+	recvfrom=ws2_32.recvfrom @17
+	rexec=ws2_32.rexec
+	rresvport=ws2_32.rresvport
+	s_perror=PROXY_s_perror
+	select=ws2_32.select @18
+	select=ws2_32.select @18
+	send=ws2_32.send @19
+	sendto=ws2_32.sendto @20
+	sethostname=ws2_32.sethostname
+	setsockopt=PROXY_setsockopt @21
+	shutdown=ws2_32.shutdown @22
+	socket=ws2_32.socket @23