add support for requesting server list from masterserver

8 files changed, 8198 insertions, 31 deletions

diff --git a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/NorthstarDedicatedTest.vcxproj b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/NorthstarDedicatedTest.vcxproj
index 4e3a5bc0..889cae30 100644
--- a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/NorthstarDedicatedTest.vcxproj
+++ b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/NorthstarDedicatedTest.vcxproj
@@ -177,6 +177,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="filesystem.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="hooks.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="hookutils.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="include\httplib.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\MinHook.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\rapidjson\allocators.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="include\rapidjson\document.h" />
@@ -306,6 +307,7 @@
     <ClInclude Include="keyvalues.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="logging.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="main.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="masterserver.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="modmanager.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="pch.h" />
     <ClInclude Include="scriptmodmenu.h" />
@@ -329,6 +331,7 @@
     <ClCompile Include="hookutils.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="keyvalues.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="logging.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="masterserver.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="modmanager.cpp" />
     <ClCompile Include="pch.cpp">
       <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
diff --git a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/NorthstarDedicatedTest.vcxproj.filters b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/NorthstarDedicatedTest.vcxproj.filters
index cb78dff1..a9ae995b 100644
--- a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/NorthstarDedicatedTest.vcxproj.filters
+++ b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/NorthstarDedicatedTest.vcxproj.filters
@@ -543,6 +543,12 @@
     <ClInclude Include="keyvalues.h">
       <Filter>Header Files\Shared\Mods\Compiled</Filter>
     </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="include\httplib.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files\include</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="masterserver.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files\Shared</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <ClCompile Include="dllmain.cpp">
@@ -608,6 +614,9 @@
     <ClCompile Include="keyvalues.cpp">
       <Filter>Source Files\Shared\Mods\Compiled</Filter>
     </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="masterserver.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files\Shared</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
   </ItemGroup>
   <ItemGroup>
     <None Include="include\spdlog\fmt\bundled\LICENSE.rst">
diff --git a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/dllmain.cpp b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/dllmain.cpp
index 9fd62885..691b6d53 100644
--- a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/dllmain.cpp
+++ b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/dllmain.cpp
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "scriptmodmenu.h"
 #include "scriptserverbrowser.h"
 #include "keyvalues.h"
+#include "masterserver.h"
 
 bool initialised = false;
 
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ void InitialiseNorthstar()
 
     AddDllLoadCallback("server.dll", InitialiseServerSquirrel);
     AddDllLoadCallback("engine.dll", InitialiseServerAuthentication);
+    AddDllLoadCallback("engine.dll", InitialiseSharedMasterServer);
 
     AddDllLoadCallback("filesystem_stdio.dll", InitialiseFilesystem);
     AddDllLoadCallback("engine.dll", InitialiseKeyValues);
diff --git a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/include/httplib.h b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/include/httplib.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2b52f0fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/include/httplib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7832 @@
+//
+//  httplib.h
+//
+//  Copyright (c) 2021 Yuji Hirose. All rights reserved.
+//  MIT License
+//
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
+
+/*
+ * Configuration
+ */
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_SECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_SECOND 5
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_MAX_COUNT
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_MAX_COUNT 5
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_SECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_SECOND 300
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_USECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_USECOND 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_SECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_SECOND 5
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_USECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_USECOND 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_SECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_SECOND 5
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_USECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_USECOND 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_IDLE_INTERVAL_SECOND
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_IDLE_INTERVAL_SECOND 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_IDLE_INTERVAL_USECOND
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_IDLE_INTERVAL_USECOND 10000
+#else
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_IDLE_INTERVAL_USECOND 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_REQUEST_URI_MAX_LENGTH
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_REQUEST_URI_MAX_LENGTH 8192
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_REDIRECT_MAX_COUNT
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_REDIRECT_MAX_COUNT 20
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_PAYLOAD_MAX_LENGTH
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_PAYLOAD_MAX_LENGTH ((std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)())
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_TCP_NODELAY
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_TCP_NODELAY false
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ size_t(4096u)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_COMPRESSION_BUFSIZ
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_COMPRESSION_BUFSIZ size_t(16384u)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT                                           \
+  ((std::max)(8u, std::thread::hardware_concurrency() > 0                      \
+                      ? std::thread::hardware_concurrency() - 1                \
+                      : 0))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_FLAGS
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_FLAGS 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_SEND_FLAGS
+#define CPPHTTPLIB_SEND_FLAGS 0
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Headers
+ */
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifndef _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif //_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+
+#ifndef _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+#define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+#endif //_CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#ifdef _WIN64
+using ssize_t = __int64;
+#else
+using ssize_t = int;
+#endif
+
+#if _MSC_VER < 1900
+#define snprintf _snprintf_s
+#endif
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+#ifndef S_ISREG
+#define S_ISREG(m) (((m)&S_IFREG) == S_IFREG)
+#endif // S_ISREG
+
+#ifndef S_ISDIR
+#define S_ISDIR(m) (((m)&S_IFDIR) == S_IFDIR)
+#endif // S_ISDIR
+
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif // NOMINMAX
+
+#include <io.h>
+#include <winsock2.h>
+
+#include <wincrypt.h>
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+
+#ifndef WSA_FLAG_NO_HANDLE_INHERIT
+#define WSA_FLAG_NO_HANDLE_INHERIT 0x80
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
+#pragma comment(lib, "crypt32.lib")
+#pragma comment(lib, "cryptui.lib")
+#endif
+
+#ifndef strcasecmp
+#define strcasecmp _stricmp
+#endif // strcasecmp
+
+using socket_t = SOCKET;
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_USE_POLL
+#define poll(fds, nfds, timeout) WSAPoll(fds, nfds, timeout)
+#endif
+
+#else // not _WIN32
+
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ifaddrs.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#ifdef __linux__
+#include <resolv.h>
+#endif
+#include <netinet/tcp.h>
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_USE_POLL
+#include <poll.h>
+#endif
+#include <csignal>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+using socket_t = int;
+#define INVALID_SOCKET (-1)
+#endif //_WIN32
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <climits>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <random>
+#include <regex>
+#include <set>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+#include <openssl/err.h>
+#include <openssl/md5.h>
+#include <openssl/ssl.h>
+#include <openssl/x509v3.h>
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(OPENSSL_USE_APPLINK)
+#include <openssl/applink.c>
+#endif
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x1010100fL
+#error Sorry, OpenSSL versions prior to 1.1.1 are not supported
+#endif
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000L
+#include <openssl/crypto.h>
+inline const unsigned char *ASN1_STRING_get0_data(const ASN1_STRING *asn1) {
+  return M_ASN1_STRING_data(asn1);
+}
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+#include <zlib.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_BROTLI_SUPPORT
+#include <brotli/decode.h>
+#include <brotli/encode.h>
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Declaration
+ */
+namespace httplib {
+
+namespace detail {
+
+/*
+ * Backport std::make_unique from C++14.
+ *
+ * NOTE: This code came up with the following stackoverflow post:
+ * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10149840/c-arrays-and-make-unique
+ *
+ */
+
+template <class T, class... Args>
+typename std::enable_if<!std::is_array<T>::value, std::unique_ptr<T>>::type
+make_unique(Args &&... args) {
+  return std::unique_ptr<T>(new T(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+}
+
+template <class T>
+typename std::enable_if<std::is_array<T>::value, std::unique_ptr<T>>::type
+make_unique(std::size_t n) {
+  typedef typename std::remove_extent<T>::type RT;
+  return std::unique_ptr<T>(new RT[n]);
+}
+
+struct ci {
+  bool operator()(const std::string &s1, const std::string &s2) const {
+    return std::lexicographical_compare(s1.begin(), s1.end(), s2.begin(),
+                                        s2.end(),
+                                        [](unsigned char c1, unsigned char c2) {
+                                          return ::tolower(c1) < ::tolower(c2);
+                                        });
+  }
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+using Headers = std::multimap<std::string, std::string, detail::ci>;
+
+using Params = std::multimap<std::string, std::string>;
+using Match = std::smatch;
+
+using Progress = std::function<bool(uint64_t current, uint64_t total)>;
+
+struct Response;
+using ResponseHandler = std::function<bool(const Response &response)>;
+
+struct MultipartFormData {
+  std::string name;
+  std::string content;
+  std::string filename;
+  std::string content_type;
+};
+using MultipartFormDataItems = std::vector<MultipartFormData>;
+using MultipartFormDataMap = std::multimap<std::string, MultipartFormData>;
+
+class DataSink {
+public:
+  DataSink() : os(&sb_), sb_(*this) {}
+
+  DataSink(const DataSink &) = delete;
+  DataSink &operator=(const DataSink &) = delete;
+  DataSink(DataSink &&) = delete;
+  DataSink &operator=(DataSink &&) = delete;
+
+  std::function<bool(const char *data, size_t data_len)> write;
+  std::function<void()> done;
+  std::function<bool()> is_writable;
+  std::ostream os;
+
+private:
+  class data_sink_streambuf : public std::streambuf {
+  public:
+    explicit data_sink_streambuf(DataSink &sink) : sink_(sink) {}
+
+  protected:
+    std::streamsize xsputn(const char *s, std::streamsize n) {
+      sink_.write(s, static_cast<size_t>(n));
+      return n;
+    }
+
+  private:
+    DataSink &sink_;
+  };
+
+  data_sink_streambuf sb_;
+};
+
+using ContentProvider =
+    std::function<bool(size_t offset, size_t length, DataSink &sink)>;
+
+using ContentProviderWithoutLength =
+    std::function<bool(size_t offset, DataSink &sink)>;
+
+using ContentProviderResourceReleaser = std::function<void(bool success)>;
+
+using ContentReceiverWithProgress =
+    std::function<bool(const char *data, size_t data_length, uint64_t offset,
+                       uint64_t total_length)>;
+
+using ContentReceiver =
+    std::function<bool(const char *data, size_t data_length)>;
+
+using MultipartContentHeader =
+    std::function<bool(const MultipartFormData &file)>;
+
+class ContentReader {
+public:
+  using Reader = std::function<bool(ContentReceiver receiver)>;
+  using MultipartReader = std::function<bool(MultipartContentHeader header,
+                                             ContentReceiver receiver)>;
+
+  ContentReader(Reader reader, MultipartReader multipart_reader)
+      : reader_(std::move(reader)),
+        multipart_reader_(std::move(multipart_reader)) {}
+
+  bool operator()(MultipartContentHeader header,
+                  ContentReceiver receiver) const {
+    return multipart_reader_(std::move(header), std::move(receiver));
+  }
+
+  bool operator()(ContentReceiver receiver) const {
+    return reader_(std::move(receiver));
+  }
+
+  Reader reader_;
+  MultipartReader multipart_reader_;
+};
+
+using Range = std::pair<ssize_t, ssize_t>;
+using Ranges = std::vector<Range>;
+
+struct Request {
+  std::string method;
+  std::string path;
+  Headers headers;
+  std::string body;
+
+  std::string remote_addr;
+  int remote_port = -1;
+
+  // for server
+  std::string version;
+  std::string target;
+  Params params;
+  MultipartFormDataMap files;
+  Ranges ranges;
+  Match matches;
+
+  // for client
+  ResponseHandler response_handler;
+  ContentReceiverWithProgress content_receiver;
+  Progress progress;
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  const SSL *ssl = nullptr;
+#endif
+
+  bool has_header(const char *key) const;
+  std::string get_header_value(const char *key, size_t id = 0) const;
+  template <typename T>
+  T get_header_value(const char *key, size_t id = 0) const;
+  size_t get_header_value_count(const char *key) const;
+  void set_header(const char *key, const char *val);
+  void set_header(const char *key, const std::string &val);
+
+  bool has_param(const char *key) const;
+  std::string get_param_value(const char *key, size_t id = 0) const;
+  size_t get_param_value_count(const char *key) const;
+
+  bool is_multipart_form_data() const;
+
+  bool has_file(const char *key) const;
+  MultipartFormData get_file_value(const char *key) const;
+
+  // private members...
+  size_t redirect_count_ = CPPHTTPLIB_REDIRECT_MAX_COUNT;
+  size_t content_length_ = 0;
+  ContentProvider content_provider_;
+  bool is_chunked_content_provider_ = false;
+  size_t authorization_count_ = 0;
+};
+
+struct Response {
+  std::string version;
+  int status = -1;
+  std::string reason;
+  Headers headers;
+  std::string body;
+  std::string location; // Redirect location
+
+  bool has_header(const char *key) const;
+  std::string get_header_value(const char *key, size_t id = 0) const;
+  template <typename T>
+  T get_header_value(const char *key, size_t id = 0) const;
+  size_t get_header_value_count(const char *key) const;
+  void set_header(const char *key, const char *val);
+  void set_header(const char *key, const std::string &val);
+
+  void set_redirect(const char *url, int status = 302);
+  void set_redirect(const std::string &url, int status = 302);
+  void set_content(const char *s, size_t n, const char *content_type);
+  void set_content(const std::string &s, const char *content_type);
+
+  void set_content_provider(
+      size_t length, const char *content_type, ContentProvider provider,
+      ContentProviderResourceReleaser resource_releaser = nullptr);
+
+  void set_content_provider(
+      const char *content_type, ContentProviderWithoutLength provider,
+      ContentProviderResourceReleaser resource_releaser = nullptr);
+
+  void set_chunked_content_provider(
+      const char *content_type, ContentProviderWithoutLength provider,
+      ContentProviderResourceReleaser resource_releaser = nullptr);
+
+  Response() = default;
+  Response(const Response &) = default;
+  Response &operator=(const Response &) = default;
+  Response(Response &&) = default;
+  Response &operator=(Response &&) = default;
+  ~Response() {
+    if (content_provider_resource_releaser_) {
+      content_provider_resource_releaser_(content_provider_success_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // private members...
+  size_t content_length_ = 0;
+  ContentProvider content_provider_;
+  ContentProviderResourceReleaser content_provider_resource_releaser_;
+  bool is_chunked_content_provider_ = false;
+  bool content_provider_success_ = false;
+};
+
+class Stream {
+public:
+  virtual ~Stream() = default;
+
+  virtual bool is_readable() const = 0;
+  virtual bool is_writable() const = 0;
+
+  virtual ssize_t read(char *ptr, size_t size) = 0;
+  virtual ssize_t write(const char *ptr, size_t size) = 0;
+  virtual void get_remote_ip_and_port(std::string &ip, int &port) const = 0;
+  virtual socket_t socket() const = 0;
+
+  template <typename... Args>
+  ssize_t write_format(const char *fmt, const Args &... args);
+  ssize_t write(const char *ptr);
+  ssize_t write(const std::string &s);
+};
+
+class TaskQueue {
+public:
+  TaskQueue() = default;
+  virtual ~TaskQueue() = default;
+
+  virtual void enqueue(std::function<void()> fn) = 0;
+  virtual void shutdown() = 0;
+
+  virtual void on_idle(){};
+};
+
+class ThreadPool : public TaskQueue {
+public:
+  explicit ThreadPool(size_t n) : shutdown_(false) {
+    while (n) {
+      threads_.emplace_back(worker(*this));
+      n--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  ThreadPool(const ThreadPool &) = delete;
+  ~ThreadPool() override = default;
+
+  void enqueue(std::function<void()> fn) override {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    jobs_.push_back(std::move(fn));
+    cond_.notify_one();
+  }
+
+  void shutdown() override {
+    // Stop all worker threads...
+    {
+      std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+      shutdown_ = true;
+    }
+
+    cond_.notify_all();
+
+    // Join...
+    for (auto &t : threads_) {
+      t.join();
+    }
+  }
+
+private:
+  struct worker {
+    explicit worker(ThreadPool &pool) : pool_(pool) {}
+
+    void operator()() {
+      for (;;) {
+        std::function<void()> fn;
+        {
+          std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(pool_.mutex_);
+
+          pool_.cond_.wait(
+              lock, [&] { return !pool_.jobs_.empty() || pool_.shutdown_; });
+
+          if (pool_.shutdown_ && pool_.jobs_.empty()) { break; }
+
+          fn = pool_.jobs_.front();
+          pool_.jobs_.pop_front();
+        }
+
+        assert(true == static_cast<bool>(fn));
+        fn();
+      }
+    }
+
+    ThreadPool &pool_;
+  };
+  friend struct worker;
+
+  std::vector<std::thread> threads_;
+  std::list<std::function<void()>> jobs_;
+
+  bool shutdown_;
+
+  std::condition_variable cond_;
+  std::mutex mutex_;
+};
+
+using Logger = std::function<void(const Request &, const Response &)>;
+
+using SocketOptions = std::function<void(socket_t sock)>;
+
+inline void default_socket_options(socket_t sock) {
+  int yes = 1;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, reinterpret_cast<char *>(&yes),
+             sizeof(yes));
+  setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_EXCLUSIVEADDRUSE,
+             reinterpret_cast<char *>(&yes), sizeof(yes));
+#else
+#ifdef SO_REUSEPORT
+  setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEPORT, reinterpret_cast<void *>(&yes),
+             sizeof(yes));
+#else
+  setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, reinterpret_cast<void *>(&yes),
+             sizeof(yes));
+#endif
+#endif
+}
+
+class Server {
+public:
+  using Handler = std::function<void(const Request &, Response &)>;
+
+  using ExceptionHandler =
+      std::function<void(const Request &, Response &, std::exception &e)>;
+
+  enum class HandlerResponse {
+    Handled,
+    Unhandled,
+  };
+  using HandlerWithResponse =
+      std::function<HandlerResponse(const Request &, Response &)>;
+
+  using HandlerWithContentReader = std::function<void(
+      const Request &, Response &, const ContentReader &content_reader)>;
+
+  using Expect100ContinueHandler =
+      std::function<int(const Request &, Response &)>;
+
+  Server();
+
+  virtual ~Server();
+
+  virtual bool is_valid() const;
+
+  Server &Get(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler);
+  Server &Post(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler);
+  Server &Post(const std::string &pattern, HandlerWithContentReader handler);
+  Server &Put(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler);
+  Server &Put(const std::string &pattern, HandlerWithContentReader handler);
+  Server &Patch(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler);
+  Server &Patch(const std::string &pattern, HandlerWithContentReader handler);
+  Server &Delete(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler);
+  Server &Delete(const std::string &pattern, HandlerWithContentReader handler);
+  Server &Options(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler);
+
+  bool set_base_dir(const std::string &dir,
+                    const std::string &mount_point = nullptr);
+  bool set_mount_point(const std::string &mount_point, const std::string &dir,
+                       Headers headers = Headers());
+  bool remove_mount_point(const std::string &mount_point);
+  Server &set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping(const char *ext,
+                                                  const char *mime);
+  Server &set_file_request_handler(Handler handler);
+
+  Server &set_error_handler(HandlerWithResponse handler);
+  Server &set_error_handler(Handler handler);
+  Server &set_exception_handler(ExceptionHandler handler);
+  Server &set_pre_routing_handler(HandlerWithResponse handler);
+  Server &set_post_routing_handler(Handler handler);
+
+  Server &set_expect_100_continue_handler(Expect100ContinueHandler handler);
+  Server &set_logger(Logger logger);
+
+  Server &set_address_family(int family);
+  Server &set_tcp_nodelay(bool on);
+  Server &set_socket_options(SocketOptions socket_options);
+
+  Server &set_default_headers(Headers headers);
+
+  Server &set_keep_alive_max_count(size_t count);
+  Server &set_keep_alive_timeout(time_t sec);
+
+  Server &set_read_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec = 0);
+  template <class Rep, class Period>
+  Server &set_read_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration);
+
+  Server &set_write_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec = 0);
+  template <class Rep, class Period>
+  Server &set_write_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration);
+
+  Server &set_idle_interval(time_t sec, time_t usec = 0);
+  template <class Rep, class Period>
+  Server &set_idle_interval(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration);
+
+  Server &set_payload_max_length(size_t length);
+
+  bool bind_to_port(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags = 0);
+  int bind_to_any_port(const char *host, int socket_flags = 0);
+  bool listen_after_bind();
+
+  bool listen(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags = 0);
+
+  bool is_running() const;
+  void stop();
+
+  std::function<TaskQueue *(void)> new_task_queue;
+
+protected:
+  bool process_request(Stream &strm, bool close_connection,
+                       bool &connection_closed,
+                       const std::function<void(Request &)> &setup_request);
+
+  std::atomic<socket_t> svr_sock_;
+  size_t keep_alive_max_count_ = CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_MAX_COUNT;
+  time_t keep_alive_timeout_sec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT_SECOND;
+  time_t read_timeout_sec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_SECOND;
+  time_t read_timeout_usec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_USECOND;
+  time_t write_timeout_sec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_SECOND;
+  time_t write_timeout_usec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_USECOND;
+  time_t idle_interval_sec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_IDLE_INTERVAL_SECOND;
+  time_t idle_interval_usec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_IDLE_INTERVAL_USECOND;
+  size_t payload_max_length_ = CPPHTTPLIB_PAYLOAD_MAX_LENGTH;
+
+private:
+  using Handlers = std::vector<std::pair<std::regex, Handler>>;
+  using HandlersForContentReader =
+      std::vector<std::pair<std::regex, HandlerWithContentReader>>;
+
+  socket_t create_server_socket(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags,
+                                SocketOptions socket_options) const;
+  int bind_internal(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags);
+  bool listen_internal();
+
+  bool routing(Request &req, Response &res, Stream &strm);
+  bool handle_file_request(const Request &req, Response &res,
+                           bool head = false);
+  bool dispatch_request(Request &req, Response &res, const Handlers &handlers);
+  bool
+  dispatch_request_for_content_reader(Request &req, Response &res,
+                                      ContentReader content_reader,
+                                      const HandlersForContentReader &handlers);
+
+  bool parse_request_line(const char *s, Request &req);
+  void apply_ranges(const Request &req, Response &res,
+                    std::string &content_type, std::string &boundary);
+  bool write_response(Stream &strm, bool close_connection, const Request &req,
+                      Response &res);
+  bool write_response_with_content(Stream &strm, bool close_connection,
+                                   const Request &req, Response &res);
+  bool write_response_core(Stream &strm, bool close_connection,
+                           const Request &req, Response &res,
+                           bool need_apply_ranges);
+  bool write_content_with_provider(Stream &strm, const Request &req,
+                                   Response &res, const std::string &boundary,
+                                   const std::string &content_type);
+  bool read_content(Stream &strm, Request &req, Response &res);
+  bool
+  read_content_with_content_receiver(Stream &strm, Request &req, Response &res,
+                                     ContentReceiver receiver,
+                                     MultipartContentHeader multipart_header,
+                                     ContentReceiver multipart_receiver);
+  bool read_content_core(Stream &strm, Request &req, Response &res,
+                         ContentReceiver receiver,
+                         MultipartContentHeader mulitpart_header,
+                         ContentReceiver multipart_receiver);
+
+  virtual bool process_and_close_socket(socket_t sock);
+
+  struct MountPointEntry {
+    std::string mount_point;
+    std::string base_dir;
+    Headers headers;
+  };
+  std::vector<MountPointEntry> base_dirs_;
+
+  std::atomic<bool> is_running_;
+  std::map<std::string, std::string> file_extension_and_mimetype_map_;
+  Handler file_request_handler_;
+  Handlers get_handlers_;
+  Handlers post_handlers_;
+  HandlersForContentReader post_handlers_for_content_reader_;
+  Handlers put_handlers_;
+  HandlersForContentReader put_handlers_for_content_reader_;
+  Handlers patch_handlers_;
+  HandlersForContentReader patch_handlers_for_content_reader_;
+  Handlers delete_handlers_;
+  HandlersForContentReader delete_handlers_for_content_reader_;
+  Handlers options_handlers_;
+  HandlerWithResponse error_handler_;
+  ExceptionHandler exception_handler_;
+  HandlerWithResponse pre_routing_handler_;
+  Handler post_routing_handler_;
+  Logger logger_;
+  Expect100ContinueHandler expect_100_continue_handler_;
+
+  int address_family_ = AF_UNSPEC;
+  bool tcp_nodelay_ = CPPHTTPLIB_TCP_NODELAY;
+  SocketOptions socket_options_ = default_socket_options;
+
+  Headers default_headers_;
+};
+
+enum class Error {
+  Success = 0,
+  Unknown,
+  Connection,
+  BindIPAddress,
+  Read,
+  Write,
+  ExceedRedirectCount,
+  Canceled,
+  SSLConnection,
+  SSLLoadingCerts,
+  SSLServerVerification,
+  UnsupportedMultipartBoundaryChars,
+  Compression,
+};
+
+inline std::string to_string(const Error error) {
+  switch (error) {
+  case Error::Success: return "Success";
+  case Error::Connection: return "Connection";
+  case Error::BindIPAddress: return "BindIPAddress";
+  case Error::Read: return "Read";
+  case Error::Write: return "Write";
+  case Error::ExceedRedirectCount: return "ExceedRedirectCount";
+  case Error::Canceled: return "Canceled";
+  case Error::SSLConnection: return "SSLConnection";
+  case Error::SSLLoadingCerts: return "SSLLoadingCerts";
+  case Error::SSLServerVerification: return "SSLServerVerification";
+  case Error::UnsupportedMultipartBoundaryChars:
+    return "UnsupportedMultipartBoundaryChars";
+  case Error::Compression: return "Compression";
+  case Error::Unknown: return "Unknown";
+  default: break;
+  }
+
+  return "Invalid";
+}
+
+inline std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Error &obj) {
+  os << to_string(obj);
+  os << " (" << static_cast<std::underlying_type<Error>::type>(obj) << ')';
+  return os;
+}
+
+class Result {
+public:
+  Result(std::unique_ptr<Response> &&res, Error err,
+         Headers &&request_headers = Headers{})
+      : res_(std::move(res)), err_(err),
+        request_headers_(std::move(request_headers)) {}
+  // Response
+  operator bool() const { return res_ != nullptr; }
+  bool operator==(std::nullptr_t) const { return res_ == nullptr; }
+  bool operator!=(std::nullptr_t) const { return res_ != nullptr; }
+  const Response &value() const { return *res_; }
+  Response &value() { return *res_; }
+  const Response &operator*() const { return *res_; }
+  Response &operator*() { return *res_; }
+  const Response *operator->() const { return res_.get(); }
+  Response *operator->() { return res_.get(); }
+
+  // Error
+  Error error() const { return err_; }
+
+  // Request Headers
+  bool has_request_header(const char *key) const;
+  std::string get_request_header_value(const char *key, size_t id = 0) const;
+  template <typename T>
+  T get_request_header_value(const char *key, size_t id = 0) const;
+  size_t get_request_header_value_count(const char *key) const;
+
+private:
+  std::unique_ptr<Response> res_;
+  Error err_;
+  Headers request_headers_;
+};
+
+class ClientImpl {
+public:
+  explicit ClientImpl(const std::string &host);
+
+  explicit ClientImpl(const std::string &host, int port);
+
+  explicit ClientImpl(const std::string &host, int port,
+                      const std::string &client_cert_path,
+                      const std::string &client_key_path);
+
+  virtual ~ClientImpl();
+
+  virtual bool is_valid() const;
+
+  Result Get(const char *path);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
+  Result Get(const char *path, Progress progress);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers, Progress progress);
+  Result Get(const char *path, ContentReceiver content_receiver);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver);
+  Result Get(const char *path, ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+             Progress progress);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress);
+  Result Get(const char *path, ResponseHandler response_handler,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+             ResponseHandler response_handler,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver);
+  Result Get(const char *path, ResponseHandler response_handler,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+             ResponseHandler response_handler, ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+             Progress progress);
+
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Params &params, const Headers &headers,
+             Progress progress = nullptr);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Params &params, const Headers &headers,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress = nullptr);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Params &params, const Headers &headers,
+             ResponseHandler response_handler, ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+             Progress progress = nullptr);
+
+  Result Head(const char *path);
+  Result Head(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
+
+  Result Post(const char *path);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const char *body, size_t content_length,
+              const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const char *body,
+              size_t content_length, const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+              const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const std::string &body,
+              const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+              ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+              const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers, size_t content_length,
+              ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+              ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+              const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Params &params);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const Params &params);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const MultipartFormDataItems &items);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+              const MultipartFormDataItems &items);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+              const MultipartFormDataItems &items, const std::string &boundary);
+
+  Result Put(const char *path);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const char *body, size_t content_length,
+             const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const char *body,
+             size_t content_length, const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+             const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const std::string &body,
+             const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+             ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+             const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers, size_t content_length,
+             ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+             ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+             const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Params &params);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const Params &params);
+
+  Result Patch(const char *path);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const char *body, size_t content_length,
+               const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const char *body,
+               size_t content_length, const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+               const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+               const std::string &body, const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+               ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+               const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers, size_t content_length,
+               ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+               ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+               const char *content_type);
+
+  Result Delete(const char *path);
+  Result Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
+  Result Delete(const char *path, const char *body, size_t content_length,
+                const char *content_type);
+  Result Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const char *body,
+                size_t content_length, const char *content_type);
+  Result Delete(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                const char *content_type);
+  Result Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                const std::string &body, const char *content_type);
+
+  Result Options(const char *path);
+  Result Options(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
+
+  bool send(Request &req, Response &res, Error &error);
+  Result send(const Request &req);
+
+  size_t is_socket_open() const;
+
+  void stop();
+
+  void set_default_headers(Headers headers);
+
+  void set_address_family(int family);
+  void set_tcp_nodelay(bool on);
+  void set_socket_options(SocketOptions socket_options);
+
+  void set_connection_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec = 0);
+  template <class Rep, class Period>
+  void
+  set_connection_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration);
+
+  void set_read_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec = 0);
+  template <class Rep, class Period>
+  void set_read_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration);
+
+  void set_write_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec = 0);
+  template <class Rep, class Period>
+  void set_write_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration);
+
+  void set_basic_auth(const char *username, const char *password);
+  void set_bearer_token_auth(const char *token);
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  void set_digest_auth(const char *username, const char *password);
+#endif
+
+  void set_keep_alive(bool on);
+  void set_follow_location(bool on);
+
+  void set_url_encode(bool on);
+
+  void set_compress(bool on);
+
+  void set_decompress(bool on);
+
+  void set_interface(const char *intf);
+
+  void set_proxy(const char *host, int port);
+  void set_proxy_basic_auth(const char *username, const char *password);
+  void set_proxy_bearer_token_auth(const char *token);
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  void set_proxy_digest_auth(const char *username, const char *password);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  void set_ca_cert_path(const char *ca_cert_file_path,
+                        const char *ca_cert_dir_path = nullptr);
+  void set_ca_cert_store(X509_STORE *ca_cert_store);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  void enable_server_certificate_verification(bool enabled);
+#endif
+
+  void set_logger(Logger logger);
+
+protected:
+  struct Socket {
+    socket_t sock = INVALID_SOCKET;
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+    SSL *ssl = nullptr;
+#endif
+
+    bool is_open() const { return sock != INVALID_SOCKET; }
+  };
+
+  Result send_(Request &&req);
+
+  virtual bool create_and_connect_socket(Socket &socket, Error &error);
+
+  // All of:
+  //   shutdown_ssl
+  //   shutdown_socket
+  //   close_socket
+  // should ONLY be called when socket_mutex_ is locked.
+  // Also, shutdown_ssl and close_socket should also NOT be called concurrently
+  // with a DIFFERENT thread sending requests using that socket.
+  virtual void shutdown_ssl(Socket &socket, bool shutdown_gracefully);
+  void shutdown_socket(Socket &socket);
+  void close_socket(Socket &socket);
+
+  bool process_request(Stream &strm, Request &req, Response &res,
+                       bool close_connection, Error &error);
+
+  bool write_content_with_provider(Stream &strm, const Request &req,
+                                   Error &error);
+
+  void copy_settings(const ClientImpl &rhs);
+
+  // Socket endoint information
+  const std::string host_;
+  const int port_;
+  const std::string host_and_port_;
+
+  // Current open socket
+  Socket socket_;
+  mutable std::mutex socket_mutex_;
+  std::recursive_mutex request_mutex_;
+
+  // These are all protected under socket_mutex
+  size_t socket_requests_in_flight_ = 0;
+  std::thread::id socket_requests_are_from_thread_ = std::thread::id();
+  bool socket_should_be_closed_when_request_is_done_ = false;
+
+  // Default headers
+  Headers default_headers_;
+
+  // Settings
+  std::string client_cert_path_;
+  std::string client_key_path_;
+
+  time_t connection_timeout_sec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_SECOND;
+  time_t connection_timeout_usec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_USECOND;
+  time_t read_timeout_sec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_SECOND;
+  time_t read_timeout_usec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_READ_TIMEOUT_USECOND;
+  time_t write_timeout_sec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_SECOND;
+  time_t write_timeout_usec_ = CPPHTTPLIB_WRITE_TIMEOUT_USECOND;
+
+  std::string basic_auth_username_;
+  std::string basic_auth_password_;
+  std::string bearer_token_auth_token_;
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  std::string digest_auth_username_;
+  std::string digest_auth_password_;
+#endif
+
+  bool keep_alive_ = false;
+  bool follow_location_ = false;
+
+  bool url_encode_ = true;
+
+  int address_family_ = AF_UNSPEC;
+  bool tcp_nodelay_ = CPPHTTPLIB_TCP_NODELAY;
+  SocketOptions socket_options_ = nullptr;
+
+  bool compress_ = false;
+  bool decompress_ = true;
+
+  std::string interface_;
+
+  std::string proxy_host_;
+  int proxy_port_ = -1;
+
+  std::string proxy_basic_auth_username_;
+  std::string proxy_basic_auth_password_;
+  std::string proxy_bearer_token_auth_token_;
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  std::string proxy_digest_auth_username_;
+  std::string proxy_digest_auth_password_;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  std::string ca_cert_file_path_;
+  std::string ca_cert_dir_path_;
+
+  X509_STORE *ca_cert_store_ = nullptr;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  bool server_certificate_verification_ = true;
+#endif
+
+  Logger logger_;
+
+private:
+  socket_t create_client_socket(Error &error) const;
+  bool read_response_line(Stream &strm, const Request &req, Response &res);
+  bool write_request(Stream &strm, Request &req, bool close_connection,
+                     Error &error);
+  bool redirect(Request &req, Response &res, Error &error);
+  bool handle_request(Stream &strm, Request &req, Response &res,
+                      bool close_connection, Error &error);
+  std::unique_ptr<Response> send_with_content_provider(
+      Request &req,
+      // const char *method, const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+      const char *body, size_t content_length, ContentProvider content_provider,
+      ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider_without_length,
+      const char *content_type, Error &error);
+  Result send_with_content_provider(
+      const char *method, const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+      const char *body, size_t content_length, ContentProvider content_provider,
+      ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider_without_length,
+      const char *content_type);
+
+  std::string adjust_host_string(const std::string &host) const;
+
+  virtual bool process_socket(const Socket &socket,
+                              std::function<bool(Stream &strm)> callback);
+  virtual bool is_ssl() const;
+};
+
+class Client {
+public:
+  // Universal interface
+  explicit Client(const std::string &scheme_host_port);
+
+  explicit Client(const std::string &scheme_host_port,
+                  const std::string &client_cert_path,
+                  const std::string &client_key_path);
+
+  // HTTP only interface
+  explicit Client(const std::string &host, int port);
+
+  explicit Client(const std::string &host, int port,
+                  const std::string &client_cert_path,
+                  const std::string &client_key_path);
+
+  ~Client();
+
+  bool is_valid() const;
+
+  Result Get(const char *path);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
+  Result Get(const char *path, Progress progress);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers, Progress progress);
+  Result Get(const char *path, ContentReceiver content_receiver);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver);
+  Result Get(const char *path, ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+             Progress progress);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress);
+  Result Get(const char *path, ResponseHandler response_handler,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+             ResponseHandler response_handler,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+             ResponseHandler response_handler, ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+             Progress progress);
+  Result Get(const char *path, ResponseHandler response_handler,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress);
+
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Params &params, const Headers &headers,
+             Progress progress = nullptr);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Params &params, const Headers &headers,
+             ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress = nullptr);
+  Result Get(const char *path, const Params &params, const Headers &headers,
+             ResponseHandler response_handler, ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+             Progress progress = nullptr);
+
+  Result Head(const char *path);
+  Result Head(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
+
+  Result Post(const char *path);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const char *body, size_t content_length,
+              const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const char *body,
+              size_t content_length, const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+              const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const std::string &body,
+              const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+              ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+              const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers, size_t content_length,
+              ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+              ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+              const char *content_type);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Params &params);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const Params &params);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const MultipartFormDataItems &items);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+              const MultipartFormDataItems &items);
+  Result Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+              const MultipartFormDataItems &items, const std::string &boundary);
+  Result Put(const char *path);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const char *body, size_t content_length,
+             const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const char *body,
+             size_t content_length, const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+             const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const std::string &body,
+             const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+             ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+             const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers, size_t content_length,
+             ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+             ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+             const char *content_type);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Params &params);
+  Result Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const Params &params);
+  Result Patch(const char *path);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const char *body, size_t content_length,
+               const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const char *body,
+               size_t content_length, const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+               const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+               const std::string &body, const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+               ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+               const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers, size_t content_length,
+               ContentProvider content_provider, const char *content_type);
+  Result Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+               ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+               const char *content_type);
+
+  Result Delete(const char *path);
+  Result Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
+  Result Delete(const char *path, const char *body, size_t content_length,
+                const char *content_type);
+  Result Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers, const char *body,
+                size_t content_length, const char *content_type);
+  Result Delete(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                const char *content_type);
+  Result Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                const std::string &body, const char *content_type);
+
+  Result Options(const char *path);
+  Result Options(const char *path, const Headers &headers);
+
+  bool send(Request &req, Response &res, Error &error);
+  Result send(const Request &req);
+
+  size_t is_socket_open() const;
+
+  void stop();
+
+  void set_default_headers(Headers headers);
+
+  void set_address_family(int family);
+  void set_tcp_nodelay(bool on);
+  void set_socket_options(SocketOptions socket_options);
+
+  void set_connection_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec = 0);
+  template <class Rep, class Period>
+  void
+  set_connection_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration);
+
+  void set_read_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec = 0);
+  template <class Rep, class Period>
+  void set_read_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration);
+
+  void set_write_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec = 0);
+  template <class Rep, class Period>
+  void set_write_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration);
+
+  void set_basic_auth(const char *username, const char *password);
+  void set_bearer_token_auth(const char *token);
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  void set_digest_auth(const char *username, const char *password);
+#endif
+
+  void set_keep_alive(bool on);
+  void set_follow_location(bool on);
+
+  void set_url_encode(bool on);
+
+  void set_compress(bool on);
+
+  void set_decompress(bool on);
+
+  void set_interface(const char *intf);
+
+  void set_proxy(const char *host, int port);
+  void set_proxy_basic_auth(const char *username, const char *password);
+  void set_proxy_bearer_token_auth(const char *token);
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  void set_proxy_digest_auth(const char *username, const char *password);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  void enable_server_certificate_verification(bool enabled);
+#endif
+
+  void set_logger(Logger logger);
+
+  // SSL
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  void set_ca_cert_path(const char *ca_cert_file_path,
+                        const char *ca_cert_dir_path = nullptr);
+
+  void set_ca_cert_store(X509_STORE *ca_cert_store);
+
+  long get_openssl_verify_result() const;
+
+  SSL_CTX *ssl_context() const;
+#endif
+
+private:
+  std::unique_ptr<ClientImpl> cli_;
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  bool is_ssl_ = false;
+#endif
+};
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+class SSLServer : public Server {
+public:
+  SSLServer(const char *cert_path, const char *private_key_path,
+            const char *client_ca_cert_file_path = nullptr,
+            const char *client_ca_cert_dir_path = nullptr);
+
+  SSLServer(X509 *cert, EVP_PKEY *private_key,
+            X509_STORE *client_ca_cert_store = nullptr);
+
+  ~SSLServer() override;
+
+  bool is_valid() const override;
+
+private:
+  bool process_and_close_socket(socket_t sock) override;
+
+  SSL_CTX *ctx_;
+  std::mutex ctx_mutex_;
+};
+
+class SSLClient : public ClientImpl {
+public:
+  explicit SSLClient(const std::string &host);
+
+  explicit SSLClient(const std::string &host, int port);
+
+  explicit SSLClient(const std::string &host, int port,
+                     const std::string &client_cert_path,
+                     const std::string &client_key_path);
+
+  explicit SSLClient(const std::string &host, int port, X509 *client_cert,
+                     EVP_PKEY *client_key);
+
+  ~SSLClient() override;
+
+  bool is_valid() const override;
+
+  void set_ca_cert_store(X509_STORE *ca_cert_store);
+
+  long get_openssl_verify_result() const;
+
+  SSL_CTX *ssl_context() const;
+
+private:
+  bool create_and_connect_socket(Socket &socket, Error &error) override;
+  void shutdown_ssl(Socket &socket, bool shutdown_gracefully) override;
+  void shutdown_ssl_impl(Socket &socket, bool shutdown_socket);
+
+  bool process_socket(const Socket &socket,
+                      std::function<bool(Stream &strm)> callback) override;
+  bool is_ssl() const override;
+
+  bool connect_with_proxy(Socket &sock, Response &res, bool &success,
+                          Error &error);
+  bool initialize_ssl(Socket &socket, Error &error);
+
+  bool load_certs();
+
+  bool verify_host(X509 *server_cert) const;
+  bool verify_host_with_subject_alt_name(X509 *server_cert) const;
+  bool verify_host_with_common_name(X509 *server_cert) const;
+  bool check_host_name(const char *pattern, size_t pattern_len) const;
+
+  SSL_CTX *ctx_;
+  std::mutex ctx_mutex_;
+  std::once_flag initialize_cert_;
+
+  std::vector<std::string> host_components_;
+
+  long verify_result_ = 0;
+
+  friend class ClientImpl;
+};
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Implementation of template methods.
+ */
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+inline void duration_to_sec_and_usec(const T &duration, U callback) {
+  auto sec = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(duration).count();
+  auto usec = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(
+                  duration - std::chrono::seconds(sec))
+                  .count();
+  callback(sec, usec);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T get_header_value(const Headers & /*headers*/, const char * /*key*/,
+                          size_t /*id*/ = 0, uint64_t /*def*/ = 0) {}
+
+template <>
+inline uint64_t get_header_value<uint64_t>(const Headers &headers,
+                                           const char *key, size_t id,
+                                           uint64_t def) {
+  auto rng = headers.equal_range(key);
+  auto it = rng.first;
+  std::advance(it, static_cast<ssize_t>(id));
+  if (it != rng.second) {
+    return std::strtoull(it->second.data(), nullptr, 10);
+  }
+  return def;
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T Request::get_header_value(const char *key, size_t id) const {
+  return detail::get_header_value<T>(headers, key, id, 0);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T Response::get_header_value(const char *key, size_t id) const {
+  return detail::get_header_value<T>(headers, key, id, 0);
+}
+
+template <typename... Args>
+inline ssize_t Stream::write_format(const char *fmt, const Args &... args) {
+  const auto bufsiz = 2048;
+  std::array<char, bufsiz> buf;
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900
+  auto sn = _snprintf_s(buf.data(), bufsiz - 1, buf.size() - 1, fmt, args...);
+#else
+  auto sn = snprintf(buf.data(), buf.size() - 1, fmt, args...);
+#endif
+  if (sn <= 0) { return sn; }
+
+  auto n = static_cast<size_t>(sn);
+
+  if (n >= buf.size() - 1) {
+    std::vector<char> glowable_buf(buf.size());
+
+    while (n >= glowable_buf.size() - 1) {
+      glowable_buf.resize(glowable_buf.size() * 2);
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900
+      n = static_cast<size_t>(_snprintf_s(&glowable_buf[0], glowable_buf.size(),
+                                          glowable_buf.size() - 1, fmt,
+                                          args...));
+#else
+      n = static_cast<size_t>(
+          snprintf(&glowable_buf[0], glowable_buf.size() - 1, fmt, args...));
+#endif
+    }
+    return write(&glowable_buf[0], n);
+  } else {
+    return write(buf.data(), n);
+  }
+}
+
+template <class Rep, class Period>
+inline Server &
+Server::set_read_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration) {
+  detail::duration_to_sec_and_usec(
+      duration, [&](time_t sec, time_t usec) { set_read_timeout(sec, usec); });
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <class Rep, class Period>
+inline Server &
+Server::set_write_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration) {
+  detail::duration_to_sec_and_usec(
+      duration, [&](time_t sec, time_t usec) { set_write_timeout(sec, usec); });
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <class Rep, class Period>
+inline Server &
+Server::set_idle_interval(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration) {
+  detail::duration_to_sec_and_usec(
+      duration, [&](time_t sec, time_t usec) { set_idle_interval(sec, usec); });
+  return *this;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T Result::get_request_header_value(const char *key, size_t id) const {
+  return detail::get_header_value<T>(request_headers_, key, id, 0);
+}
+
+template <class Rep, class Period>
+inline void ClientImpl::set_connection_timeout(
+    const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration) {
+  detail::duration_to_sec_and_usec(duration, [&](time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+    set_connection_timeout(sec, usec);
+  });
+}
+
+template <class Rep, class Period>
+inline void ClientImpl::set_read_timeout(
+    const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration) {
+  detail::duration_to_sec_and_usec(
+      duration, [&](time_t sec, time_t usec) { set_read_timeout(sec, usec); });
+}
+
+template <class Rep, class Period>
+inline void ClientImpl::set_write_timeout(
+    const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration) {
+  detail::duration_to_sec_and_usec(
+      duration, [&](time_t sec, time_t usec) { set_write_timeout(sec, usec); });
+}
+
+template <class Rep, class Period>
+inline void Client::set_connection_timeout(
+    const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration) {
+  cli_->set_connection_timeout(duration);
+}
+
+template <class Rep, class Period>
+inline void
+Client::set_read_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration) {
+  cli_->set_read_timeout(duration);
+}
+
+template <class Rep, class Period>
+inline void
+Client::set_write_timeout(const std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> &duration) {
+  cli_->set_write_timeout(duration);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Forward declarations and types that will be part of the .h file if split into
+ * .h + .cc.
+ */
+
+std::pair<std::string, std::string> make_range_header(Ranges ranges);
+
+std::pair<std::string, std::string>
+make_basic_authentication_header(const std::string &username,
+                                 const std::string &password,
+                                 bool is_proxy = false);
+
+namespace detail {
+
+std::string encode_query_param(const std::string &value);
+
+void read_file(const std::string &path, std::string &out);
+
+std::string trim_copy(const std::string &s);
+
+void split(const char *b, const char *e, char d,
+           std::function<void(const char *, const char *)> fn);
+
+bool process_client_socket(socket_t sock, time_t read_timeout_sec,
+                           time_t read_timeout_usec, time_t write_timeout_sec,
+                           time_t write_timeout_usec,
+                           std::function<bool(Stream &)> callback);
+
+socket_t create_client_socket(const char *host, int port, int address_family,
+                              bool tcp_nodelay, SocketOptions socket_options,
+                              time_t connection_timeout_sec,
+                              time_t connection_timeout_usec,
+                              time_t read_timeout_sec, time_t read_timeout_usec,
+                              time_t write_timeout_sec,
+                              time_t write_timeout_usec,
+                              const std::string &intf, Error &error);
+
+const char *get_header_value(const Headers &headers, const char *key,
+                             size_t id = 0, const char *def = nullptr);
+
+std::string params_to_query_str(const Params &params);
+
+void parse_query_text(const std::string &s, Params &params);
+
+bool parse_range_header(const std::string &s, Ranges &ranges);
+
+int close_socket(socket_t sock);
+
+enum class EncodingType { None = 0, Gzip, Brotli };
+
+EncodingType encoding_type(const Request &req, const Response &res);
+
+class BufferStream : public Stream {
+public:
+  BufferStream() = default;
+  ~BufferStream() override = default;
+
+  bool is_readable() const override;
+  bool is_writable() const override;
+  ssize_t read(char *ptr, size_t size) override;
+  ssize_t write(const char *ptr, size_t size) override;
+  void get_remote_ip_and_port(std::string &ip, int &port) const override;
+  socket_t socket() const override;
+
+  const std::string &get_buffer() const;
+
+private:
+  std::string buffer;
+  size_t position = 0;
+};
+
+class compressor {
+public:
+  virtual ~compressor() = default;
+
+  typedef std::function<bool(const char *data, size_t data_len)> Callback;
+  virtual bool compress(const char *data, size_t data_length, bool last,
+                        Callback callback) = 0;
+};
+
+class decompressor {
+public:
+  virtual ~decompressor() = default;
+
+  virtual bool is_valid() const = 0;
+
+  typedef std::function<bool(const char *data, size_t data_len)> Callback;
+  virtual bool decompress(const char *data, size_t data_length,
+                          Callback callback) = 0;
+};
+
+class nocompressor : public compressor {
+public:
+  virtual ~nocompressor() = default;
+
+  bool compress(const char *data, size_t data_length, bool /*last*/,
+                Callback callback) override;
+};
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+class gzip_compressor : public compressor {
+public:
+  gzip_compressor();
+  ~gzip_compressor();
+
+  bool compress(const char *data, size_t data_length, bool last,
+                Callback callback) override;
+
+private:
+  bool is_valid_ = false;
+  z_stream strm_;
+};
+
+class gzip_decompressor : public decompressor {
+public:
+  gzip_decompressor();
+  ~gzip_decompressor();
+
+  bool is_valid() const override;
+
+  bool decompress(const char *data, size_t data_length,
+                  Callback callback) override;
+
+private:
+  bool is_valid_ = false;
+  z_stream strm_;
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_BROTLI_SUPPORT
+class brotli_compressor : public compressor {
+public:
+  brotli_compressor();
+  ~brotli_compressor();
+
+  bool compress(const char *data, size_t data_length, bool last,
+                Callback callback) override;
+
+private:
+  BrotliEncoderState *state_ = nullptr;
+};
+
+class brotli_decompressor : public decompressor {
+public:
+  brotli_decompressor();
+  ~brotli_decompressor();
+
+  bool is_valid() const override;
+
+  bool decompress(const char *data, size_t data_length,
+                  Callback callback) override;
+
+private:
+  BrotliDecoderResult decoder_r;
+  BrotliDecoderState *decoder_s = nullptr;
+};
+#endif
+
+// NOTE: until the read size reaches `fixed_buffer_size`, use `fixed_buffer`
+// to store data. The call can set memory on stack for performance.
+class stream_line_reader {
+public:
+  stream_line_reader(Stream &strm, char *fixed_buffer,
+                     size_t fixed_buffer_size);
+  const char *ptr() const;
+  size_t size() const;
+  bool end_with_crlf() const;
+  bool getline();
+
+private:
+  void append(char c);
+
+  Stream &strm_;
+  char *fixed_buffer_;
+  const size_t fixed_buffer_size_;
+  size_t fixed_buffer_used_size_ = 0;
+  std::string glowable_buffer_;
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/*
+ * Implementation that will be part of the .cc file if split into .h + .cc.
+ */
+
+namespace detail {
+
+inline bool is_hex(char c, int &v) {
+  if (0x20 <= c && isdigit(c)) {
+    v = c - '0';
+    return true;
+  } else if ('A' <= c && c <= 'F') {
+    v = c - 'A' + 10;
+    return true;
+  } else if ('a' <= c && c <= 'f') {
+    v = c - 'a' + 10;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline bool from_hex_to_i(const std::string &s, size_t i, size_t cnt,
+                          int &val) {
+  if (i >= s.size()) { return false; }
+
+  val = 0;
+  for (; cnt; i++, cnt--) {
+    if (!s[i]) { return false; }
+    int v = 0;
+    if (is_hex(s[i], v)) {
+      val = val * 16 + v;
+    } else {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline std::string from_i_to_hex(size_t n) {
+  const char *charset = "0123456789abcdef";
+  std::string ret;
+  do {
+    ret = charset[n & 15] + ret;
+    n >>= 4;
+  } while (n > 0);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+inline size_t to_utf8(int code, char *buff) {
+  if (code < 0x0080) {
+    buff[0] = (code & 0x7F);
+    return 1;
+  } else if (code < 0x0800) {
+    buff[0] = static_cast<char>(0xC0 | ((code >> 6) & 0x1F));
+    buff[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+    return 2;
+  } else if (code < 0xD800) {
+    buff[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | ((code >> 12) & 0xF));
+    buff[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
+    buff[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+    return 3;
+  } else if (code < 0xE000) { // D800 - DFFF is invalid...
+    return 0;
+  } else if (code < 0x10000) {
+    buff[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | ((code >> 12) & 0xF));
+    buff[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
+    buff[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+    return 3;
+  } else if (code < 0x110000) {
+    buff[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 | ((code >> 18) & 0x7));
+    buff[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((code >> 12) & 0x3F));
+    buff[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | ((code >> 6) & 0x3F));
+    buff[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (code & 0x3F));
+    return 4;
+  }
+
+  // NOTREACHED
+  return 0;
+}
+
+// NOTE: This code came up with the following stackoverflow post:
+// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/180947/base64-decode-snippet-in-c
+inline std::string base64_encode(const std::string &in) {
+  static const auto lookup =
+      "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+
+  std::string out;
+  out.reserve(in.size());
+
+  int val = 0;
+  int valb = -6;
+
+  for (auto c : in) {
+    val = (val << 8) + static_cast<uint8_t>(c);
+    valb += 8;
+    while (valb >= 0) {
+      out.push_back(lookup[(val >> valb) & 0x3F]);
+      valb -= 6;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (valb > -6) { out.push_back(lookup[((val << 8) >> (valb + 8)) & 0x3F]); }
+
+  while (out.size() % 4) {
+    out.push_back('=');
+  }
+
+  return out;
+}
+
+inline bool is_file(const std::string &path) {
+  struct stat st;
+  return stat(path.c_str(), &st) >= 0 && S_ISREG(st.st_mode);
+}
+
+inline bool is_dir(const std::string &path) {
+  struct stat st;
+  return stat(path.c_str(), &st) >= 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode);
+}
+
+inline bool is_valid_path(const std::string &path) {
+  size_t level = 0;
+  size_t i = 0;
+
+  // Skip slash
+  while (i < path.size() && path[i] == '/') {
+    i++;
+  }
+
+  while (i < path.size()) {
+    // Read component
+    auto beg = i;
+    while (i < path.size() && path[i] != '/') {
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    auto len = i - beg;
+    assert(len > 0);
+
+    if (!path.compare(beg, len, ".")) {
+      ;
+    } else if (!path.compare(beg, len, "..")) {
+      if (level == 0) { return false; }
+      level--;
+    } else {
+      level++;
+    }
+
+    // Skip slash
+    while (i < path.size() && path[i] == '/') {
+      i++;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline std::string encode_query_param(const std::string &value) {
+  std::ostringstream escaped;
+  escaped.fill('0');
+  escaped << std::hex;
+
+  for (auto c : value) {
+    if (std::isalnum(static_cast<uint8_t>(c)) || c == '-' || c == '_' ||
+        c == '.' || c == '!' || c == '~' || c == '*' || c == '\'' || c == '(' ||
+        c == ')') {
+      escaped << c;
+    } else {
+      escaped << std::uppercase;
+      escaped << '%' << std::setw(2)
+              << static_cast<int>(static_cast<unsigned char>(c));
+      escaped << std::nouppercase;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return escaped.str();
+}
+
+inline std::string encode_url(const std::string &s) {
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(s.size());
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; s[i]; i++) {
+    switch (s[i]) {
+    case ' ': result += "%20"; break;
+    case '+': result += "%2B"; break;
+    case '\r': result += "%0D"; break;
+    case '\n': result += "%0A"; break;
+    case '\'': result += "%27"; break;
+    case ',': result += "%2C"; break;
+    // case ':': result += "%3A"; break; // ok? probably...
+    case ';': result += "%3B"; break;
+    default:
+      auto c = static_cast<uint8_t>(s[i]);
+      if (c >= 0x80) {
+        result += '%';
+        char hex[4];
+        auto len = snprintf(hex, sizeof(hex) - 1, "%02X", c);
+        assert(len == 2);
+        result.append(hex, static_cast<size_t>(len));
+      } else {
+        result += s[i];
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline std::string decode_url(const std::string &s,
+                              bool convert_plus_to_space) {
+  std::string result;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < s.size(); i++) {
+    if (s[i] == '%' && i + 1 < s.size()) {
+      if (s[i + 1] == 'u') {
+        int val = 0;
+        if (from_hex_to_i(s, i + 2, 4, val)) {
+          // 4 digits Unicode codes
+          char buff[4];
+          size_t len = to_utf8(val, buff);
+          if (len > 0) { result.append(buff, len); }
+          i += 5; // 'u0000'
+        } else {
+          result += s[i];
+        }
+      } else {
+        int val = 0;
+        if (from_hex_to_i(s, i + 1, 2, val)) {
+          // 2 digits hex codes
+          result += static_cast<char>(val);
+          i += 2; // '00'
+        } else {
+          result += s[i];
+        }
+      }
+    } else if (convert_plus_to_space && s[i] == '+') {
+      result += ' ';
+    } else {
+      result += s[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline void read_file(const std::string &path, std::string &out) {
+  std::ifstream fs(path, std::ios_base::binary);
+  fs.seekg(0, std::ios_base::end);
+  auto size = fs.tellg();
+  fs.seekg(0);
+  out.resize(static_cast<size_t>(size));
+  fs.read(&out[0], static_cast<std::streamsize>(size));
+}
+
+inline std::string file_extension(const std::string &path) {
+  std::smatch m;
+  static auto re = std::regex("\\.([a-zA-Z0-9]+)$");
+  if (std::regex_search(path, m, re)) { return m[1].str(); }
+  return std::string();
+}
+
+inline bool is_space_or_tab(char c) { return c == ' ' || c == '\t'; }
+
+inline std::pair<size_t, size_t> trim(const char *b, const char *e, size_t left,
+                                      size_t right) {
+  while (b + left < e && is_space_or_tab(b[left])) {
+    left++;
+  }
+  while (right > 0 && is_space_or_tab(b[right - 1])) {
+    right--;
+  }
+  return std::make_pair(left, right);
+}
+
+inline std::string trim_copy(const std::string &s) {
+  auto r = trim(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), 0, s.size());
+  return s.substr(r.first, r.second - r.first);
+}
+
+inline void split(const char *b, const char *e, char d,
+                  std::function<void(const char *, const char *)> fn) {
+  size_t i = 0;
+  size_t beg = 0;
+
+  while (e ? (b + i < e) : (b[i] != '\0')) {
+    if (b[i] == d) {
+      auto r = trim(b, e, beg, i);
+      if (r.first < r.second) { fn(&b[r.first], &b[r.second]); }
+      beg = i + 1;
+    }
+    i++;
+  }
+
+  if (i) {
+    auto r = trim(b, e, beg, i);
+    if (r.first < r.second) { fn(&b[r.first], &b[r.second]); }
+  }
+}
+
+inline stream_line_reader::stream_line_reader(Stream &strm, char *fixed_buffer,
+                                              size_t fixed_buffer_size)
+    : strm_(strm), fixed_buffer_(fixed_buffer),
+      fixed_buffer_size_(fixed_buffer_size) {}
+
+inline const char *stream_line_reader::ptr() const {
+  if (glowable_buffer_.empty()) {
+    return fixed_buffer_;
+  } else {
+    return glowable_buffer_.data();
+  }
+}
+
+inline size_t stream_line_reader::size() const {
+  if (glowable_buffer_.empty()) {
+    return fixed_buffer_used_size_;
+  } else {
+    return glowable_buffer_.size();
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool stream_line_reader::end_with_crlf() const {
+  auto end = ptr() + size();
+  return size() >= 2 && end[-2] == '\r' && end[-1] == '\n';
+}
+
+inline bool stream_line_reader::getline() {
+  fixed_buffer_used_size_ = 0;
+  glowable_buffer_.clear();
+
+  for (size_t i = 0;; i++) {
+    char byte;
+    auto n = strm_.read(&byte, 1);
+
+    if (n < 0) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (n == 0) {
+      if (i == 0) {
+        return false;
+      } else {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    append(byte);
+
+    if (byte == '\n') { break; }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline void stream_line_reader::append(char c) {
+  if (fixed_buffer_used_size_ < fixed_buffer_size_ - 1) {
+    fixed_buffer_[fixed_buffer_used_size_++] = c;
+    fixed_buffer_[fixed_buffer_used_size_] = '\0';
+  } else {
+    if (glowable_buffer_.empty()) {
+      assert(fixed_buffer_[fixed_buffer_used_size_] == '\0');
+      glowable_buffer_.assign(fixed_buffer_, fixed_buffer_used_size_);
+    }
+    glowable_buffer_ += c;
+  }
+}
+
+inline int close_socket(socket_t sock) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  return closesocket(sock);
+#else
+  return close(sock);
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename T> inline ssize_t handle_EINTR(T fn) {
+  ssize_t res = false;
+  while (true) {
+    res = fn();
+    if (res < 0 && errno == EINTR) { continue; }
+    break;
+  }
+  return res;
+}
+
+inline ssize_t select_read(socket_t sock, time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_USE_POLL
+  struct pollfd pfd_read;
+  pfd_read.fd = sock;
+  pfd_read.events = POLLIN;
+
+  auto timeout = static_cast<int>(sec * 1000 + usec / 1000);
+
+  return handle_EINTR([&]() { return poll(&pfd_read, 1, timeout); });
+#else
+#ifndef _WIN32
+  if (sock >= FD_SETSIZE) { return 1; }
+#endif
+
+  fd_set fds;
+  FD_ZERO(&fds);
+  FD_SET(sock, &fds);
+
+  timeval tv;
+  tv.tv_sec = static_cast<long>(sec);
+  tv.tv_usec = static_cast<decltype(tv.tv_usec)>(usec);
+
+  return handle_EINTR([&]() {
+    return select(static_cast<int>(sock + 1), &fds, nullptr, nullptr, &tv);
+  });
+#endif
+}
+
+inline ssize_t select_write(socket_t sock, time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_USE_POLL
+  struct pollfd pfd_read;
+  pfd_read.fd = sock;
+  pfd_read.events = POLLOUT;
+
+  auto timeout = static_cast<int>(sec * 1000 + usec / 1000);
+
+  return handle_EINTR([&]() { return poll(&pfd_read, 1, timeout); });
+#else
+#ifndef _WIN32
+  if (sock >= FD_SETSIZE) { return 1; }
+#endif
+
+  fd_set fds;
+  FD_ZERO(&fds);
+  FD_SET(sock, &fds);
+
+  timeval tv;
+  tv.tv_sec = static_cast<long>(sec);
+  tv.tv_usec = static_cast<decltype(tv.tv_usec)>(usec);
+
+  return handle_EINTR([&]() {
+    return select(static_cast<int>(sock + 1), nullptr, &fds, nullptr, &tv);
+  });
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool wait_until_socket_is_ready(socket_t sock, time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_USE_POLL
+  struct pollfd pfd_read;
+  pfd_read.fd = sock;
+  pfd_read.events = POLLIN | POLLOUT;
+
+  auto timeout = static_cast<int>(sec * 1000 + usec / 1000);
+
+  auto poll_res = handle_EINTR([&]() { return poll(&pfd_read, 1, timeout); });
+
+  if (poll_res > 0 && pfd_read.revents & (POLLIN | POLLOUT)) {
+    int error = 0;
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(error);
+    auto res = getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR,
+                          reinterpret_cast<char *>(&error), &len);
+    return res >= 0 && !error;
+  }
+  return false;
+#else
+#ifndef _WIN32
+  if (sock >= FD_SETSIZE) { return false; }
+#endif
+
+  fd_set fdsr;
+  FD_ZERO(&fdsr);
+  FD_SET(sock, &fdsr);
+
+  auto fdsw = fdsr;
+  auto fdse = fdsr;
+
+  timeval tv;
+  tv.tv_sec = static_cast<long>(sec);
+  tv.tv_usec = static_cast<decltype(tv.tv_usec)>(usec);
+
+  auto ret = handle_EINTR([&]() {
+    return select(static_cast<int>(sock + 1), &fdsr, &fdsw, &fdse, &tv);
+  });
+
+  if (ret > 0 && (FD_ISSET(sock, &fdsr) || FD_ISSET(sock, &fdsw))) {
+    int error = 0;
+    socklen_t len = sizeof(error);
+    return getsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_ERROR,
+                      reinterpret_cast<char *>(&error), &len) >= 0 &&
+           !error;
+  }
+  return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+class SocketStream : public Stream {
+public:
+  SocketStream(socket_t sock, time_t read_timeout_sec, time_t read_timeout_usec,
+               time_t write_timeout_sec, time_t write_timeout_usec);
+  ~SocketStream() override;
+
+  bool is_readable() const override;
+  bool is_writable() const override;
+  ssize_t read(char *ptr, size_t size) override;
+  ssize_t write(const char *ptr, size_t size) override;
+  void get_remote_ip_and_port(std::string &ip, int &port) const override;
+  socket_t socket() const override;
+
+private:
+  socket_t sock_;
+  time_t read_timeout_sec_;
+  time_t read_timeout_usec_;
+  time_t write_timeout_sec_;
+  time_t write_timeout_usec_;
+};
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+class SSLSocketStream : public Stream {
+public:
+  SSLSocketStream(socket_t sock, SSL *ssl, time_t read_timeout_sec,
+                  time_t read_timeout_usec, time_t write_timeout_sec,
+                  time_t write_timeout_usec);
+  ~SSLSocketStream() override;
+
+  bool is_readable() const override;
+  bool is_writable() const override;
+  ssize_t read(char *ptr, size_t size) override;
+  ssize_t write(const char *ptr, size_t size) override;
+  void get_remote_ip_and_port(std::string &ip, int &port) const override;
+  socket_t socket() const override;
+
+private:
+  socket_t sock_;
+  SSL *ssl_;
+  time_t read_timeout_sec_;
+  time_t read_timeout_usec_;
+  time_t write_timeout_sec_;
+  time_t write_timeout_usec_;
+};
+#endif
+
+inline bool keep_alive(socket_t sock, time_t keep_alive_timeout_sec) {
+  using namespace std::chrono;
+  auto start = steady_clock::now();
+  while (true) {
+    auto val = select_read(sock, 0, 10000);
+    if (val < 0) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (val == 0) {
+      auto current = steady_clock::now();
+      auto duration = duration_cast<milliseconds>(current - start);
+      auto timeout = keep_alive_timeout_sec * 1000;
+      if (duration.count() > timeout) { return false; }
+      std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+    } else {
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool
+process_server_socket_core(socket_t sock, size_t keep_alive_max_count,
+                           time_t keep_alive_timeout_sec, T callback) {
+  assert(keep_alive_max_count > 0);
+  auto ret = false;
+  auto count = keep_alive_max_count;
+  while (count > 0 && keep_alive(sock, keep_alive_timeout_sec)) {
+    auto close_connection = count == 1;
+    auto connection_closed = false;
+    ret = callback(close_connection, connection_closed);
+    if (!ret || connection_closed) { break; }
+    count--;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool
+process_server_socket(socket_t sock, size_t keep_alive_max_count,
+                      time_t keep_alive_timeout_sec, time_t read_timeout_sec,
+                      time_t read_timeout_usec, time_t write_timeout_sec,
+                      time_t write_timeout_usec, T callback) {
+  return process_server_socket_core(
+      sock, keep_alive_max_count, keep_alive_timeout_sec,
+      [&](bool close_connection, bool &connection_closed) {
+        SocketStream strm(sock, read_timeout_sec, read_timeout_usec,
+                          write_timeout_sec, write_timeout_usec);
+        return callback(strm, close_connection, connection_closed);
+      });
+}
+
+inline bool process_client_socket(socket_t sock, time_t read_timeout_sec,
+                                  time_t read_timeout_usec,
+                                  time_t write_timeout_sec,
+                                  time_t write_timeout_usec,
+                                  std::function<bool(Stream &)> callback) {
+  SocketStream strm(sock, read_timeout_sec, read_timeout_usec,
+                    write_timeout_sec, write_timeout_usec);
+  return callback(strm);
+}
+
+inline int shutdown_socket(socket_t sock) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  return shutdown(sock, SD_BOTH);
+#else
+  return shutdown(sock, SHUT_RDWR);
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename BindOrConnect>
+socket_t create_socket(const char *host, int port, int address_family,
+                       int socket_flags, bool tcp_nodelay,
+                       SocketOptions socket_options,
+                       BindOrConnect bind_or_connect) {
+  // Get address info
+  struct addrinfo hints;
+  struct addrinfo *result;
+
+  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
+  hints.ai_family = address_family;
+  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+  hints.ai_flags = socket_flags;
+  hints.ai_protocol = 0;
+
+  auto service = std::to_string(port);
+
+  if (getaddrinfo(host, service.c_str(), &hints, &result)) {
+#ifdef __linux__
+    res_init();
+#endif
+    return INVALID_SOCKET;
+  }
+
+  for (auto rp = result; rp; rp = rp->ai_next) {
+    // Create a socket
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    auto sock =
+        WSASocketW(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol, nullptr, 0,
+                   WSA_FLAG_NO_HANDLE_INHERIT | WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);
+    /**
+     * Since the WSA_FLAG_NO_HANDLE_INHERIT is only supported on Windows 7 SP1
+     * and above the socket creation fails on older Windows Systems.
+     *
+     * Let's try to create a socket the old way in this case.
+     *
+     * Reference:
+     * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock2/nf-winsock2-wsasocketa
+     *
+     * WSA_FLAG_NO_HANDLE_INHERIT:
+     * This flag is supported on Windows 7 with SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 with
+     * SP1, and later
+     *
+     */
+    if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+      sock = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol);
+    }
+#else
+    auto sock = socket(rp->ai_family, rp->ai_socktype, rp->ai_protocol);
+#endif
+    if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) { continue; }
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+    if (fcntl(sock, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) == -1) { continue; }
+#endif
+
+    if (tcp_nodelay) {
+      int yes = 1;
+      setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, reinterpret_cast<char *>(&yes),
+                 sizeof(yes));
+    }
+
+    if (socket_options) { socket_options(sock); }
+
+    if (rp->ai_family == AF_INET6) {
+      int no = 0;
+      setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, reinterpret_cast<char *>(&no),
+                 sizeof(no));
+    }
+
+    // bind or connect
+    if (bind_or_connect(sock, *rp)) {
+      freeaddrinfo(result);
+      return sock;
+    }
+
+    close_socket(sock);
+  }
+
+  freeaddrinfo(result);
+  return INVALID_SOCKET;
+}
+
+inline void set_nonblocking(socket_t sock, bool nonblocking) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  auto flags = nonblocking ? 1UL : 0UL;
+  ioctlsocket(sock, FIONBIO, &flags);
+#else
+  auto flags = fcntl(sock, F_GETFL, 0);
+  fcntl(sock, F_SETFL,
+        nonblocking ? (flags | O_NONBLOCK) : (flags & (~O_NONBLOCK)));
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool is_connection_error() {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  return WSAGetLastError() != WSAEWOULDBLOCK;
+#else
+  return errno != EINPROGRESS;
+#endif
+}
+
+inline bool bind_ip_address(socket_t sock, const char *host) {
+  struct addrinfo hints;
+  struct addrinfo *result;
+
+  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(struct addrinfo));
+  hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+  hints.ai_protocol = 0;
+
+  if (getaddrinfo(host, "0", &hints, &result)) { return false; }
+
+  auto ret = false;
+  for (auto rp = result; rp; rp = rp->ai_next) {
+    const auto &ai = *rp;
+    if (!::bind(sock, ai.ai_addr, static_cast<socklen_t>(ai.ai_addrlen))) {
+      ret = true;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  freeaddrinfo(result);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+#if !defined _WIN32 && !defined ANDROID
+#define USE_IF2IP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef USE_IF2IP
+inline std::string if2ip(const std::string &ifn) {
+  struct ifaddrs *ifap;
+  getifaddrs(&ifap);
+  for (auto ifa = ifap; ifa; ifa = ifa->ifa_next) {
+    if (ifa->ifa_addr && ifn == ifa->ifa_name) {
+      if (ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
+        auto sa = reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in *>(ifa->ifa_addr);
+        char buf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
+        if (inet_ntop(AF_INET, &sa->sin_addr, buf, INET_ADDRSTRLEN)) {
+          freeifaddrs(ifap);
+          return std::string(buf, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  freeifaddrs(ifap);
+  return std::string();
+}
+#endif
+
+inline socket_t create_client_socket(
+    const char *host, int port, int address_family, bool tcp_nodelay,
+    SocketOptions socket_options, time_t connection_timeout_sec,
+    time_t connection_timeout_usec, time_t read_timeout_sec,
+    time_t read_timeout_usec, time_t write_timeout_sec,
+    time_t write_timeout_usec, const std::string &intf, Error &error) {
+  auto sock = create_socket(
+      host, port, address_family, 0, tcp_nodelay, std::move(socket_options),
+      [&](socket_t sock2, struct addrinfo &ai) -> bool {
+        if (!intf.empty()) {
+#ifdef USE_IF2IP
+          auto ip = if2ip(intf);
+          if (ip.empty()) { ip = intf; }
+          if (!bind_ip_address(sock2, ip.c_str())) {
+            error = Error::BindIPAddress;
+            return false;
+          }
+#endif
+        }
+
+        set_nonblocking(sock2, true);
+
+        auto ret =
+            ::connect(sock2, ai.ai_addr, static_cast<socklen_t>(ai.ai_addrlen));
+
+        if (ret < 0) {
+          if (is_connection_error() ||
+              !wait_until_socket_is_ready(sock2, connection_timeout_sec,
+                                          connection_timeout_usec)) {
+            error = Error::Connection;
+            return false;
+          }
+        }
+
+        set_nonblocking(sock2, false);
+
+        {
+          timeval tv;
+          tv.tv_sec = static_cast<long>(read_timeout_sec);
+          tv.tv_usec = static_cast<decltype(tv.tv_usec)>(read_timeout_usec);
+          setsockopt(sock2, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char *)&tv, sizeof(tv));
+        }
+        {
+          timeval tv;
+          tv.tv_sec = static_cast<long>(write_timeout_sec);
+          tv.tv_usec = static_cast<decltype(tv.tv_usec)>(write_timeout_usec);
+          setsockopt(sock2, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (char *)&tv, sizeof(tv));
+        }
+
+        error = Error::Success;
+        return true;
+      });
+
+  if (sock != INVALID_SOCKET) {
+    error = Error::Success;
+  } else {
+    if (error == Error::Success) { error = Error::Connection; }
+  }
+
+  return sock;
+}
+
+inline void get_remote_ip_and_port(const struct sockaddr_storage &addr,
+                                   socklen_t addr_len, std::string &ip,
+                                   int &port) {
+  if (addr.ss_family == AF_INET) {
+    port = ntohs(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_in *>(&addr)->sin_port);
+  } else if (addr.ss_family == AF_INET6) {
+    port =
+        ntohs(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr_in6 *>(&addr)->sin6_port);
+  }
+
+  std::array<char, NI_MAXHOST> ipstr{};
+  if (!getnameinfo(reinterpret_cast<const struct sockaddr *>(&addr), addr_len,
+                   ipstr.data(), static_cast<socklen_t>(ipstr.size()), nullptr,
+                   0, NI_NUMERICHOST)) {
+    ip = ipstr.data();
+  }
+}
+
+inline void get_remote_ip_and_port(socket_t sock, std::string &ip, int &port) {
+  struct sockaddr_storage addr;
+  socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+
+  if (!getpeername(sock, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr),
+                   &addr_len)) {
+    get_remote_ip_and_port(addr, addr_len, ip, port);
+  }
+}
+
+inline constexpr unsigned int str2tag_core(const char *s, size_t l,
+                                           unsigned int h) {
+  return (l == 0) ? h
+                  : str2tag_core(s + 1, l - 1,
+                                 (h * 33) ^ static_cast<unsigned char>(*s));
+}
+
+inline unsigned int str2tag(const std::string &s) {
+  return str2tag_core(s.data(), s.size(), 0);
+}
+
+namespace udl {
+
+inline constexpr unsigned int operator"" _t(const char *s, size_t l) {
+  return str2tag_core(s, l, 0);
+}
+
+} // namespace udl
+
+inline const char *
+find_content_type(const std::string &path,
+                  const std::map<std::string, std::string> &user_data) {
+  auto ext = file_extension(path);
+
+  auto it = user_data.find(ext);
+  if (it != user_data.end()) { return it->second.c_str(); }
+
+  using udl::operator""_t;
+
+  switch (str2tag(ext)) {
+  default: return nullptr;
+  case "css"_t: return "text/css";
+  case "csv"_t: return "text/csv";
+  case "txt"_t: return "text/plain";
+  case "vtt"_t: return "text/vtt";
+  case "htm"_t:
+  case "html"_t: return "text/html";
+
+  case "apng"_t: return "image/apng";
+  case "avif"_t: return "image/avif";
+  case "bmp"_t: return "image/bmp";
+  case "gif"_t: return "image/gif";
+  case "png"_t: return "image/png";
+  case "svg"_t: return "image/svg+xml";
+  case "webp"_t: return "image/webp";
+  case "ico"_t: return "image/x-icon";
+  case "tif"_t: return "image/tiff";
+  case "tiff"_t: return "image/tiff";
+  case "jpg"_t:
+  case "jpeg"_t: return "image/jpeg";
+
+  case "mp4"_t: return "video/mp4";
+  case "mpeg"_t: return "video/mpeg";
+  case "webm"_t: return "video/webm";
+
+  case "mp3"_t: return "audio/mp3";
+  case "mpga"_t: return "audio/mpeg";
+  case "weba"_t: return "audio/webm";
+  case "wav"_t: return "audio/wave";
+
+  case "otf"_t: return "font/otf";
+  case "ttf"_t: return "font/ttf";
+  case "woff"_t: return "font/woff";
+  case "woff2"_t: return "font/woff2";
+
+  case "7z"_t: return "application/x-7z-compressed";
+  case "atom"_t: return "application/atom+xml";
+  case "pdf"_t: return "application/pdf";
+  case "js"_t:
+  case "mjs"_t: return "application/javascript";
+  case "json"_t: return "application/json";
+  case "rss"_t: return "application/rss+xml";
+  case "tar"_t: return "application/x-tar";
+  case "xht"_t:
+  case "xhtml"_t: return "application/xhtml+xml";
+  case "xslt"_t: return "application/xslt+xml";
+  case "xml"_t: return "application/xml";
+  case "gz"_t: return "application/gzip";
+  case "zip"_t: return "application/zip";
+  case "wasm"_t: return "application/wasm";
+  }
+}
+
+inline const char *status_message(int status) {
+  switch (status) {
+  case 100: return "Continue";
+  case 101: return "Switching Protocol";
+  case 102: return "Processing";
+  case 103: return "Early Hints";
+  case 200: return "OK";
+  case 201: return "Created";
+  case 202: return "Accepted";
+  case 203: return "Non-Authoritative Information";
+  case 204: return "No Content";
+  case 205: return "Reset Content";
+  case 206: return "Partial Content";
+  case 207: return "Multi-Status";
+  case 208: return "Already Reported";
+  case 226: return "IM Used";
+  case 300: return "Multiple Choice";
+  case 301: return "Moved Permanently";
+  case 302: return "Found";
+  case 303: return "See Other";
+  case 304: return "Not Modified";
+  case 305: return "Use Proxy";
+  case 306: return "unused";
+  case 307: return "Temporary Redirect";
+  case 308: return "Permanent Redirect";
+  case 400: return "Bad Request";
+  case 401: return "Unauthorized";
+  case 402: return "Payment Required";
+  case 403: return "Forbidden";
+  case 404: return "Not Found";
+  case 405: return "Method Not Allowed";
+  case 406: return "Not Acceptable";
+  case 407: return "Proxy Authentication Required";
+  case 408: return "Request Timeout";
+  case 409: return "Conflict";
+  case 410: return "Gone";
+  case 411: return "Length Required";
+  case 412: return "Precondition Failed";
+  case 413: return "Payload Too Large";
+  case 414: return "URI Too Long";
+  case 415: return "Unsupported Media Type";
+  case 416: return "Range Not Satisfiable";
+  case 417: return "Expectation Failed";
+  case 418: return "I'm a teapot";
+  case 421: return "Misdirected Request";
+  case 422: return "Unprocessable Entity";
+  case 423: return "Locked";
+  case 424: return "Failed Dependency";
+  case 425: return "Too Early";
+  case 426: return "Upgrade Required";
+  case 428: return "Precondition Required";
+  case 429: return "Too Many Requests";
+  case 431: return "Request Header Fields Too Large";
+  case 451: return "Unavailable For Legal Reasons";
+  case 501: return "Not Implemented";
+  case 502: return "Bad Gateway";
+  case 503: return "Service Unavailable";
+  case 504: return "Gateway Timeout";
+  case 505: return "HTTP Version Not Supported";
+  case 506: return "Variant Also Negotiates";
+  case 507: return "Insufficient Storage";
+  case 508: return "Loop Detected";
+  case 510: return "Not Extended";
+  case 511: return "Network Authentication Required";
+
+  default:
+  case 500: return "Internal Server Error";
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool can_compress_content_type(const std::string &content_type) {
+  return (!content_type.find("text/") && content_type != "text/event-stream") ||
+         content_type == "image/svg+xml" ||
+         content_type == "application/javascript" ||
+         content_type == "application/json" ||
+         content_type == "application/xml" ||
+         content_type == "application/xhtml+xml";
+}
+
+inline EncodingType encoding_type(const Request &req, const Response &res) {
+  auto ret =
+      detail::can_compress_content_type(res.get_header_value("Content-Type"));
+  if (!ret) { return EncodingType::None; }
+
+  const auto &s = req.get_header_value("Accept-Encoding");
+  (void)(s);
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_BROTLI_SUPPORT
+  // TODO: 'Accept-Encoding' has br, not br;q=0
+  ret = s.find("br") != std::string::npos;
+  if (ret) { return EncodingType::Brotli; }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+  // TODO: 'Accept-Encoding' has gzip, not gzip;q=0
+  ret = s.find("gzip") != std::string::npos;
+  if (ret) { return EncodingType::Gzip; }
+#endif
+
+  return EncodingType::None;
+}
+
+inline bool nocompressor::compress(const char *data, size_t data_length,
+                                   bool /*last*/, Callback callback) {
+  if (!data_length) { return true; }
+  return callback(data, data_length);
+}
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+inline gzip_compressor::gzip_compressor() {
+  std::memset(&strm_, 0, sizeof(strm_));
+  strm_.zalloc = Z_NULL;
+  strm_.zfree = Z_NULL;
+  strm_.opaque = Z_NULL;
+
+  is_valid_ = deflateInit2(&strm_, Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION, Z_DEFLATED, 31, 8,
+                           Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY) == Z_OK;
+}
+
+inline gzip_compressor::~gzip_compressor() { deflateEnd(&strm_); }
+
+inline bool gzip_compressor::compress(const char *data, size_t data_length,
+                                      bool last, Callback callback) {
+  assert(is_valid_);
+
+  do {
+    constexpr size_t max_avail_in =
+        std::numeric_limits<decltype(strm_.avail_in)>::max();
+
+    strm_.avail_in = static_cast<decltype(strm_.avail_in)>(
+        std::min(data_length, max_avail_in));
+    strm_.next_in = const_cast<Bytef *>(reinterpret_cast<const Bytef *>(data));
+
+    data_length -= strm_.avail_in;
+    data += strm_.avail_in;
+
+    auto flush = (last && data_length == 0) ? Z_FINISH : Z_NO_FLUSH;
+    int ret = Z_OK;
+
+    std::array<char, CPPHTTPLIB_COMPRESSION_BUFSIZ> buff{};
+    do {
+      strm_.avail_out = static_cast<uInt>(buff.size());
+      strm_.next_out = reinterpret_cast<Bytef *>(buff.data());
+
+      ret = deflate(&strm_, flush);
+      if (ret == Z_STREAM_ERROR) { return false; }
+
+      if (!callback(buff.data(), buff.size() - strm_.avail_out)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    } while (strm_.avail_out == 0);
+
+    assert((flush == Z_FINISH && ret == Z_STREAM_END) ||
+           (flush == Z_NO_FLUSH && ret == Z_OK));
+    assert(strm_.avail_in == 0);
+
+  } while (data_length > 0);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline gzip_decompressor::gzip_decompressor() {
+  std::memset(&strm_, 0, sizeof(strm_));
+  strm_.zalloc = Z_NULL;
+  strm_.zfree = Z_NULL;
+  strm_.opaque = Z_NULL;
+
+  // 15 is the value of wbits, which should be at the maximum possible value
+  // to ensure that any gzip stream can be decoded. The offset of 32 specifies
+  // that the stream type should be automatically detected either gzip or
+  // deflate.
+  is_valid_ = inflateInit2(&strm_, 32 + 15) == Z_OK;
+}
+
+inline gzip_decompressor::~gzip_decompressor() { inflateEnd(&strm_); }
+
+inline bool gzip_decompressor::is_valid() const { return is_valid_; }
+
+inline bool gzip_decompressor::decompress(const char *data, size_t data_length,
+                                          Callback callback) {
+  assert(is_valid_);
+
+  int ret = Z_OK;
+
+  do {
+    constexpr size_t max_avail_in =
+        std::numeric_limits<decltype(strm_.avail_in)>::max();
+
+    strm_.avail_in = static_cast<decltype(strm_.avail_in)>(
+        std::min(data_length, max_avail_in));
+    strm_.next_in = const_cast<Bytef *>(reinterpret_cast<const Bytef *>(data));
+
+    data_length -= strm_.avail_in;
+    data += strm_.avail_in;
+
+    std::array<char, CPPHTTPLIB_COMPRESSION_BUFSIZ> buff{};
+    while (strm_.avail_in > 0) {
+      strm_.avail_out = static_cast<uInt>(buff.size());
+      strm_.next_out = reinterpret_cast<Bytef *>(buff.data());
+
+      ret = inflate(&strm_, Z_NO_FLUSH);
+      assert(ret != Z_STREAM_ERROR);
+      switch (ret) {
+      case Z_NEED_DICT:
+      case Z_DATA_ERROR:
+      case Z_MEM_ERROR: inflateEnd(&strm_); return false;
+      }
+
+      if (!callback(buff.data(), buff.size() - strm_.avail_out)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (ret != Z_OK && ret != Z_STREAM_END) return false;
+
+  } while (data_length > 0);
+
+  return true;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_BROTLI_SUPPORT
+inline brotli_compressor::brotli_compressor() {
+  state_ = BrotliEncoderCreateInstance(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+}
+
+inline brotli_compressor::~brotli_compressor() {
+  BrotliEncoderDestroyInstance(state_);
+}
+
+inline bool brotli_compressor::compress(const char *data, size_t data_length,
+                                        bool last, Callback callback) {
+  std::array<uint8_t, CPPHTTPLIB_COMPRESSION_BUFSIZ> buff{};
+
+  auto operation = last ? BROTLI_OPERATION_FINISH : BROTLI_OPERATION_PROCESS;
+  auto available_in = data_length;
+  auto next_in = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data);
+
+  for (;;) {
+    if (last) {
+      if (BrotliEncoderIsFinished(state_)) { break; }
+    } else {
+      if (!available_in) { break; }
+    }
+
+    auto available_out = buff.size();
+    auto next_out = buff.data();
+
+    if (!BrotliEncoderCompressStream(state_, operation, &available_in, &next_in,
+                                     &available_out, &next_out, nullptr)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    auto output_bytes = buff.size() - available_out;
+    if (output_bytes) {
+      callback(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(buff.data()), output_bytes);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline brotli_decompressor::brotli_decompressor() {
+  decoder_s = BrotliDecoderCreateInstance(0, 0, 0);
+  decoder_r = decoder_s ? BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_NEEDS_MORE_INPUT
+                        : BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_ERROR;
+}
+
+inline brotli_decompressor::~brotli_decompressor() {
+  if (decoder_s) { BrotliDecoderDestroyInstance(decoder_s); }
+}
+
+inline bool brotli_decompressor::is_valid() const { return decoder_s; }
+
+inline bool brotli_decompressor::decompress(const char *data,
+                                            size_t data_length,
+                                            Callback callback) {
+  if (decoder_r == BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_SUCCESS ||
+      decoder_r == BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_ERROR) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  const uint8_t *next_in = (const uint8_t *)data;
+  size_t avail_in = data_length;
+  size_t total_out;
+
+  decoder_r = BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_NEEDS_MORE_OUTPUT;
+
+  std::array<char, CPPHTTPLIB_COMPRESSION_BUFSIZ> buff{};
+  while (decoder_r == BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_NEEDS_MORE_OUTPUT) {
+    char *next_out = buff.data();
+    size_t avail_out = buff.size();
+
+    decoder_r = BrotliDecoderDecompressStream(
+        decoder_s, &avail_in, &next_in, &avail_out,
+        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t **>(&next_out), &total_out);
+
+    if (decoder_r == BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_ERROR) { return false; }
+
+    if (!callback(buff.data(), buff.size() - avail_out)) { return false; }
+  }
+
+  return decoder_r == BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_SUCCESS ||
+         decoder_r == BROTLI_DECODER_RESULT_NEEDS_MORE_INPUT;
+}
+#endif
+
+inline bool has_header(const Headers &headers, const char *key) {
+  return headers.find(key) != headers.end();
+}
+
+inline const char *get_header_value(const Headers &headers, const char *key,
+                                    size_t id, const char *def) {
+  auto rng = headers.equal_range(key);
+  auto it = rng.first;
+  std::advance(it, static_cast<ssize_t>(id));
+  if (it != rng.second) { return it->second.c_str(); }
+  return def;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool parse_header(const char *beg, const char *end, T fn) {
+  // Skip trailing spaces and tabs.
+  while (beg < end && is_space_or_tab(end[-1])) {
+    end--;
+  }
+
+  auto p = beg;
+  while (p < end && *p != ':') {
+    p++;
+  }
+
+  if (p == end) { return false; }
+
+  auto key_end = p;
+
+  if (*p++ != ':') { return false; }
+
+  while (p < end && is_space_or_tab(*p)) {
+    p++;
+  }
+
+  if (p < end) {
+    fn(std::string(beg, key_end), decode_url(std::string(p, end), false));
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline bool read_headers(Stream &strm, Headers &headers) {
+  const auto bufsiz = 2048;
+  char buf[bufsiz];
+  stream_line_reader line_reader(strm, buf, bufsiz);
+
+  for (;;) {
+    if (!line_reader.getline()) { return false; }
+
+    // Check if the line ends with CRLF.
+    if (line_reader.end_with_crlf()) {
+      // Blank line indicates end of headers.
+      if (line_reader.size() == 2) { break; }
+    } else {
+      continue; // Skip invalid line.
+    }
+
+    // Exclude CRLF
+    auto end = line_reader.ptr() + line_reader.size() - 2;
+
+    parse_header(line_reader.ptr(), end,
+                 [&](std::string &&key, std::string &&val) {
+                   headers.emplace(std::move(key), std::move(val));
+                 });
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool read_content_with_length(Stream &strm, uint64_t len,
+                                     Progress progress,
+                                     ContentReceiverWithProgress out) {
+  char buf[CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ];
+
+  uint64_t r = 0;
+  while (r < len) {
+    auto read_len = static_cast<size_t>(len - r);
+    auto n = strm.read(buf, (std::min)(read_len, CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ));
+    if (n <= 0) { return false; }
+
+    if (!out(buf, static_cast<size_t>(n), r, len)) { return false; }
+    r += static_cast<uint64_t>(n);
+
+    if (progress) {
+      if (!progress(r, len)) { return false; }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline void skip_content_with_length(Stream &strm, uint64_t len) {
+  char buf[CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ];
+  uint64_t r = 0;
+  while (r < len) {
+    auto read_len = static_cast<size_t>(len - r);
+    auto n = strm.read(buf, (std::min)(read_len, CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ));
+    if (n <= 0) { return; }
+    r += static_cast<uint64_t>(n);
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool read_content_without_length(Stream &strm,
+                                        ContentReceiverWithProgress out) {
+  char buf[CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ];
+  uint64_t r = 0;
+  for (;;) {
+    auto n = strm.read(buf, CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_BUFSIZ);
+    if (n < 0) {
+      return false;
+    } else if (n == 0) {
+      return true;
+    }
+
+    if (!out(buf, static_cast<size_t>(n), r, 0)) { return false; }
+    r += static_cast<uint64_t>(n);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool read_content_chunked(Stream &strm,
+                                 ContentReceiverWithProgress out) {
+  const auto bufsiz = 16;
+  char buf[bufsiz];
+
+  stream_line_reader line_reader(strm, buf, bufsiz);
+
+  if (!line_reader.getline()) { return false; }
+
+  unsigned long chunk_len;
+  while (true) {
+    char *end_ptr;
+
+    chunk_len = std::strtoul(line_reader.ptr(), &end_ptr, 16);
+
+    if (end_ptr == line_reader.ptr()) { return false; }
+    if (chunk_len == ULONG_MAX) { return false; }
+
+    if (chunk_len == 0) { break; }
+
+    if (!read_content_with_length(strm, chunk_len, nullptr, out)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!line_reader.getline()) { return false; }
+
+    if (strcmp(line_reader.ptr(), "\r\n")) { break; }
+
+    if (!line_reader.getline()) { return false; }
+  }
+
+  if (chunk_len == 0) {
+    // Reader terminator after chunks
+    if (!line_reader.getline() || strcmp(line_reader.ptr(), "\r\n"))
+      return false;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool is_chunked_transfer_encoding(const Headers &headers) {
+  return !strcasecmp(get_header_value(headers, "Transfer-Encoding", 0, ""),
+                     "chunked");
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+bool prepare_content_receiver(T &x, int &status,
+                              ContentReceiverWithProgress receiver,
+                              bool decompress, U callback) {
+  if (decompress) {
+    std::string encoding = x.get_header_value("Content-Encoding");
+    std::unique_ptr<decompressor> decompressor;
+
+    if (encoding.find("gzip") != std::string::npos ||
+        encoding.find("deflate") != std::string::npos) {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+      decompressor = detail::make_unique<gzip_decompressor>();
+#else
+      status = 415;
+      return false;
+#endif
+    } else if (encoding.find("br") != std::string::npos) {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_BROTLI_SUPPORT
+      decompressor = detail::make_unique<brotli_decompressor>();
+#else
+      status = 415;
+      return false;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (decompressor) {
+      if (decompressor->is_valid()) {
+        ContentReceiverWithProgress out = [&](const char *buf, size_t n,
+                                              uint64_t off, uint64_t len) {
+          return decompressor->decompress(buf, n,
+                                          [&](const char *buf2, size_t n2) {
+                                            return receiver(buf2, n2, off, len);
+                                          });
+        };
+        return callback(std::move(out));
+      } else {
+        status = 500;
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  ContentReceiverWithProgress out = [&](const char *buf, size_t n, uint64_t off,
+                                        uint64_t len) {
+    return receiver(buf, n, off, len);
+  };
+  return callback(std::move(out));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+bool read_content(Stream &strm, T &x, size_t payload_max_length, int &status,
+                  Progress progress, ContentReceiverWithProgress receiver,
+                  bool decompress) {
+  return prepare_content_receiver(
+      x, status, std::move(receiver), decompress,
+      [&](const ContentReceiverWithProgress &out) {
+        auto ret = true;
+        auto exceed_payload_max_length = false;
+
+        if (is_chunked_transfer_encoding(x.headers)) {
+          ret = read_content_chunked(strm, out);
+        } else if (!has_header(x.headers, "Content-Length")) {
+          ret = read_content_without_length(strm, out);
+        } else {
+          auto len = get_header_value<uint64_t>(x.headers, "Content-Length");
+          if (len > payload_max_length) {
+            exceed_payload_max_length = true;
+            skip_content_with_length(strm, len);
+            ret = false;
+          } else if (len > 0) {
+            ret = read_content_with_length(strm, len, std::move(progress), out);
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!ret) { status = exceed_payload_max_length ? 413 : 400; }
+        return ret;
+      });
+}
+
+inline ssize_t write_headers(Stream &strm, const Headers &headers) {
+  ssize_t write_len = 0;
+  for (const auto &x : headers) {
+    auto len =
+        strm.write_format("%s: %s\r\n", x.first.c_str(), x.second.c_str());
+    if (len < 0) { return len; }
+    write_len += len;
+  }
+  auto len = strm.write("\r\n");
+  if (len < 0) { return len; }
+  write_len += len;
+  return write_len;
+}
+
+inline bool write_data(Stream &strm, const char *d, size_t l) {
+  size_t offset = 0;
+  while (offset < l) {
+    auto length = strm.write(d + offset, l - offset);
+    if (length < 0) { return false; }
+    offset += static_cast<size_t>(length);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool write_content(Stream &strm, const ContentProvider &content_provider,
+                          size_t offset, size_t length, T is_shutting_down,
+                          Error &error) {
+  size_t end_offset = offset + length;
+  auto ok = true;
+  DataSink data_sink;
+
+  data_sink.write = [&](const char *d, size_t l) -> bool {
+    if (ok) {
+      if (write_data(strm, d, l)) {
+        offset += l;
+      } else {
+        ok = false;
+      }
+    }
+    return ok;
+  };
+
+  data_sink.is_writable = [&](void) { return ok && strm.is_writable(); };
+
+  while (offset < end_offset && !is_shutting_down()) {
+    if (!content_provider(offset, end_offset - offset, data_sink)) {
+      error = Error::Canceled;
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!ok) {
+      error = Error::Write;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  error = Error::Success;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool write_content(Stream &strm, const ContentProvider &content_provider,
+                          size_t offset, size_t length,
+                          const T &is_shutting_down) {
+  auto error = Error::Success;
+  return write_content(strm, content_provider, offset, length, is_shutting_down,
+                       error);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool
+write_content_without_length(Stream &strm,
+                             const ContentProvider &content_provider,
+                             const T &is_shutting_down) {
+  size_t offset = 0;
+  auto data_available = true;
+  auto ok = true;
+  DataSink data_sink;
+
+  data_sink.write = [&](const char *d, size_t l) -> bool {
+    if (ok) {
+      offset += l;
+      if (!write_data(strm, d, l)) { ok = false; }
+    }
+    return ok;
+  };
+
+  data_sink.done = [&](void) { data_available = false; };
+
+  data_sink.is_writable = [&](void) { return ok && strm.is_writable(); };
+
+  while (data_available && !is_shutting_down()) {
+    if (!content_provider(offset, 0, data_sink)) { return false; }
+    if (!ok) { return false; }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+inline bool
+write_content_chunked(Stream &strm, const ContentProvider &content_provider,
+                      const T &is_shutting_down, U &compressor, Error &error) {
+  size_t offset = 0;
+  auto data_available = true;
+  auto ok = true;
+  DataSink data_sink;
+
+  data_sink.write = [&](const char *d, size_t l) -> bool {
+    if (ok) {
+      data_available = l > 0;
+      offset += l;
+
+      std::string payload;
+      if (compressor.compress(d, l, false,
+                              [&](const char *data, size_t data_len) {
+                                payload.append(data, data_len);
+                                return true;
+                              })) {
+        if (!payload.empty()) {
+          // Emit chunked response header and footer for each chunk
+          auto chunk =
+              from_i_to_hex(payload.size()) + "\r\n" + payload + "\r\n";
+          if (!write_data(strm, chunk.data(), chunk.size())) { ok = false; }
+        }
+      } else {
+        ok = false;
+      }
+    }
+    return ok;
+  };
+
+  data_sink.done = [&](void) {
+    if (!ok) { return; }
+
+    data_available = false;
+
+    std::string payload;
+    if (!compressor.compress(nullptr, 0, true,
+                             [&](const char *data, size_t data_len) {
+                               payload.append(data, data_len);
+                               return true;
+                             })) {
+      ok = false;
+      return;
+    }
+
+    if (!payload.empty()) {
+      // Emit chunked response header and footer for each chunk
+      auto chunk = from_i_to_hex(payload.size()) + "\r\n" + payload + "\r\n";
+      if (!write_data(strm, chunk.data(), chunk.size())) {
+        ok = false;
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    static const std::string done_marker("0\r\n\r\n");
+    if (!write_data(strm, done_marker.data(), done_marker.size())) {
+      ok = false;
+    }
+  };
+
+  data_sink.is_writable = [&](void) { return ok && strm.is_writable(); };
+
+  while (data_available && !is_shutting_down()) {
+    if (!content_provider(offset, 0, data_sink)) {
+      error = Error::Canceled;
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!ok) {
+      error = Error::Write;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  error = Error::Success;
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+inline bool write_content_chunked(Stream &strm,
+                                  const ContentProvider &content_provider,
+                                  const T &is_shutting_down, U &compressor) {
+  auto error = Error::Success;
+  return write_content_chunked(strm, content_provider, is_shutting_down,
+                               compressor, error);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool redirect(T &cli, Request &req, Response &res,
+                     const std::string &path, const std::string &location,
+                     Error &error) {
+  Request new_req = req;
+  new_req.path = path;
+  new_req.redirect_count_ -= 1;
+
+  if (res.status == 303 && (req.method != "GET" && req.method != "HEAD")) {
+    new_req.method = "GET";
+    new_req.body.clear();
+    new_req.headers.clear();
+  }
+
+  Response new_res;
+
+  auto ret = cli.send(new_req, new_res, error);
+  if (ret) {
+    req = new_req;
+    res = new_res;
+    res.location = location;
+  }
+  return ret;
+}
+
+inline std::string params_to_query_str(const Params &params) {
+  std::string query;
+
+  for (auto it = params.begin(); it != params.end(); ++it) {
+    if (it != params.begin()) { query += "&"; }
+    query += it->first;
+    query += "=";
+    query += encode_query_param(it->second);
+  }
+  return query;
+}
+
+inline std::string append_query_params(const char *path, const Params &params) {
+  std::string path_with_query = path;
+  const static std::regex re("[^?]+\\?.*");
+  auto delm = std::regex_match(path, re) ? '&' : '?';
+  path_with_query += delm + params_to_query_str(params);
+  return path_with_query;
+}
+
+inline void parse_query_text(const std::string &s, Params &params) {
+  std::set<std::string> cache;
+  split(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(), '&', [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
+    std::string kv(b, e);
+    if (cache.find(kv) != cache.end()) { return; }
+    cache.insert(kv);
+
+    std::string key;
+    std::string val;
+    split(b, e, '=', [&](const char *b2, const char *e2) {
+      if (key.empty()) {
+        key.assign(b2, e2);
+      } else {
+        val.assign(b2, e2);
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (!key.empty()) {
+      params.emplace(decode_url(key, true), decode_url(val, true));
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+inline bool parse_multipart_boundary(const std::string &content_type,
+                                     std::string &boundary) {
+  auto pos = content_type.find("boundary=");
+  if (pos == std::string::npos) { return false; }
+  boundary = content_type.substr(pos + 9);
+  if (boundary.length() >= 2 && boundary.front() == '"' &&
+      boundary.back() == '"') {
+    boundary = boundary.substr(1, boundary.size() - 2);
+  }
+  return !boundary.empty();
+}
+
+inline bool parse_range_header(const std::string &s, Ranges &ranges) try {
+  static auto re_first_range = std::regex(R"(bytes=(\d*-\d*(?:,\s*\d*-\d*)*))");
+  std::smatch m;
+  if (std::regex_match(s, m, re_first_range)) {
+    auto pos = static_cast<size_t>(m.position(1));
+    auto len = static_cast<size_t>(m.length(1));
+    bool all_valid_ranges = true;
+    split(&s[pos], &s[pos + len], ',', [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
+      if (!all_valid_ranges) return;
+      static auto re_another_range = std::regex(R"(\s*(\d*)-(\d*))");
+      std::cmatch cm;
+      if (std::regex_match(b, e, cm, re_another_range)) {
+        ssize_t first = -1;
+        if (!cm.str(1).empty()) {
+          first = static_cast<ssize_t>(std::stoll(cm.str(1)));
+        }
+
+        ssize_t last = -1;
+        if (!cm.str(2).empty()) {
+          last = static_cast<ssize_t>(std::stoll(cm.str(2)));
+        }
+
+        if (first != -1 && last != -1 && first > last) {
+          all_valid_ranges = false;
+          return;
+        }
+        ranges.emplace_back(std::make_pair(first, last));
+      }
+    });
+    return all_valid_ranges;
+  }
+  return false;
+} catch (...) { return false; }
+
+class MultipartFormDataParser {
+public:
+  MultipartFormDataParser() = default;
+
+  void set_boundary(std::string &&boundary) { boundary_ = boundary; }
+
+  bool is_valid() const { return is_valid_; }
+
+  bool parse(const char *buf, size_t n, const ContentReceiver &content_callback,
+             const MultipartContentHeader &header_callback) {
+
+    static const std::regex re_content_disposition(
+        "^Content-Disposition:\\s*form-data;\\s*name=\"(.*?)\"(?:;\\s*filename="
+        "\"(.*?)\")?\\s*$",
+        std::regex_constants::icase);
+    static const std::string dash_ = "--";
+    static const std::string crlf_ = "\r\n";
+
+    buf_.append(buf, n); // TODO: performance improvement
+
+    while (!buf_.empty()) {
+      switch (state_) {
+      case 0: { // Initial boundary
+        auto pattern = dash_ + boundary_ + crlf_;
+        if (pattern.size() > buf_.size()) { return true; }
+        auto pos = buf_.find(pattern);
+        if (pos != 0) { return false; }
+        buf_.erase(0, pattern.size());
+        off_ += pattern.size();
+        state_ = 1;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 1: { // New entry
+        clear_file_info();
+        state_ = 2;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 2: { // Headers
+        auto pos = buf_.find(crlf_);
+        while (pos != std::string::npos) {
+          // Empty line
+          if (pos == 0) {
+            if (!header_callback(file_)) {
+              is_valid_ = false;
+              return false;
+            }
+            buf_.erase(0, crlf_.size());
+            off_ += crlf_.size();
+            state_ = 3;
+            break;
+          }
+
+          static const std::string header_name = "content-type:";
+          const auto header = buf_.substr(0, pos);
+          if (start_with_case_ignore(header, header_name)) {
+            file_.content_type = trim_copy(header.substr(header_name.size()));
+          } else {
+            std::smatch m;
+            if (std::regex_match(header, m, re_content_disposition)) {
+              file_.name = m[1];
+              file_.filename = m[2];
+            }
+          }
+
+          buf_.erase(0, pos + crlf_.size());
+          off_ += pos + crlf_.size();
+          pos = buf_.find(crlf_);
+        }
+        if (state_ != 3) { return true; }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 3: { // Body
+        {
+          auto pattern = crlf_ + dash_;
+          if (pattern.size() > buf_.size()) { return true; }
+
+          auto pos = find_string(buf_, pattern);
+
+          if (!content_callback(buf_.data(), pos)) {
+            is_valid_ = false;
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          off_ += pos;
+          buf_.erase(0, pos);
+        }
+        {
+          auto pattern = crlf_ + dash_ + boundary_;
+          if (pattern.size() > buf_.size()) { return true; }
+
+          auto pos = buf_.find(pattern);
+          if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+            if (!content_callback(buf_.data(), pos)) {
+              is_valid_ = false;
+              return false;
+            }
+
+            off_ += pos + pattern.size();
+            buf_.erase(0, pos + pattern.size());
+            state_ = 4;
+          } else {
+            if (!content_callback(buf_.data(), pattern.size())) {
+              is_valid_ = false;
+              return false;
+            }
+
+            off_ += pattern.size();
+            buf_.erase(0, pattern.size());
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 4: { // Boundary
+        if (crlf_.size() > buf_.size()) { return true; }
+        if (buf_.compare(0, crlf_.size(), crlf_) == 0) {
+          buf_.erase(0, crlf_.size());
+          off_ += crlf_.size();
+          state_ = 1;
+        } else {
+          auto pattern = dash_ + crlf_;
+          if (pattern.size() > buf_.size()) { return true; }
+          if (buf_.compare(0, pattern.size(), pattern) == 0) {
+            buf_.erase(0, pattern.size());
+            off_ += pattern.size();
+            is_valid_ = true;
+            state_ = 5;
+          } else {
+            return true;
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 5: { // Done
+        is_valid_ = false;
+        return false;
+      }
+      }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  }
+
+private:
+  void clear_file_info() {
+    file_.name.clear();
+    file_.filename.clear();
+    file_.content_type.clear();
+  }
+
+  bool start_with_case_ignore(const std::string &a,
+                              const std::string &b) const {
+    if (a.size() < b.size()) { return false; }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < b.size(); i++) {
+      if (::tolower(a[i]) != ::tolower(b[i])) { return false; }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  bool start_with(const std::string &a, size_t off,
+                  const std::string &b) const {
+    if (a.size() - off < b.size()) { return false; }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < b.size(); i++) {
+      if (a[i + off] != b[i]) { return false; }
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  size_t find_string(const std::string &s, const std::string &pattern) const {
+    auto c = pattern.front();
+
+    size_t off = 0;
+    while (off < s.size()) {
+      auto pos = s.find(c, off);
+      if (pos == std::string::npos) { return s.size(); }
+
+      auto rem = s.size() - pos;
+      if (pattern.size() > rem) { return pos; }
+
+      if (start_with(s, pos, pattern)) { return pos; }
+
+      off = pos + 1;
+    }
+
+    return s.size();
+  }
+
+  std::string boundary_;
+
+  std::string buf_;
+  size_t state_ = 0;
+  bool is_valid_ = false;
+  size_t off_ = 0;
+  MultipartFormData file_;
+};
+
+inline std::string to_lower(const char *beg, const char *end) {
+  std::string out;
+  auto it = beg;
+  while (it != end) {
+    out += static_cast<char>(::tolower(*it));
+    it++;
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+inline std::string make_multipart_data_boundary() {
+  static const char data[] =
+      "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+
+  // std::random_device might actually be deterministic on some
+  // platforms, but due to lack of support in the c++ standard library,
+  // doing better requires either some ugly hacks or breaking portability.
+  std::random_device seed_gen;
+  // Request 128 bits of entropy for initialization
+  std::seed_seq seed_sequence{seed_gen(), seed_gen(), seed_gen(), seed_gen()};
+  std::mt19937 engine(seed_sequence);
+
+  std::string result = "--cpp-httplib-multipart-data-";
+
+  for (auto i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+    result += data[engine() % (sizeof(data) - 1)];
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+inline std::pair<size_t, size_t>
+get_range_offset_and_length(const Request &req, size_t content_length,
+                            size_t index) {
+  auto r = req.ranges[index];
+
+  if (r.first == -1 && r.second == -1) {
+    return std::make_pair(0, content_length);
+  }
+
+  auto slen = static_cast<ssize_t>(content_length);
+
+  if (r.first == -1) {
+    r.first = (std::max)(static_cast<ssize_t>(0), slen - r.second);
+    r.second = slen - 1;
+  }
+
+  if (r.second == -1) { r.second = slen - 1; }
+  return std::make_pair(r.first, static_cast<size_t>(r.second - r.first) + 1);
+}
+
+inline std::string make_content_range_header_field(size_t offset, size_t length,
+                                                   size_t content_length) {
+  std::string field = "bytes ";
+  field += std::to_string(offset);
+  field += "-";
+  field += std::to_string(offset + length - 1);
+  field += "/";
+  field += std::to_string(content_length);
+  return field;
+}
+
+template <typename SToken, typename CToken, typename Content>
+bool process_multipart_ranges_data(const Request &req, Response &res,
+                                   const std::string &boundary,
+                                   const std::string &content_type,
+                                   SToken stoken, CToken ctoken,
+                                   Content content) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < req.ranges.size(); i++) {
+    ctoken("--");
+    stoken(boundary);
+    ctoken("\r\n");
+    if (!content_type.empty()) {
+      ctoken("Content-Type: ");
+      stoken(content_type);
+      ctoken("\r\n");
+    }
+
+    auto offsets = get_range_offset_and_length(req, res.body.size(), i);
+    auto offset = offsets.first;
+    auto length = offsets.second;
+
+    ctoken("Content-Range: ");
+    stoken(make_content_range_header_field(offset, length, res.body.size()));
+    ctoken("\r\n");
+    ctoken("\r\n");
+    if (!content(offset, length)) { return false; }
+    ctoken("\r\n");
+  }
+
+  ctoken("--");
+  stoken(boundary);
+  ctoken("--\r\n");
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool make_multipart_ranges_data(const Request &req, Response &res,
+                                       const std::string &boundary,
+                                       const std::string &content_type,
+                                       std::string &data) {
+  return process_multipart_ranges_data(
+      req, res, boundary, content_type,
+      [&](const std::string &token) { data += token; },
+      [&](const char *token) { data += token; },
+      [&](size_t offset, size_t length) {
+        if (offset < res.body.size()) {
+          data += res.body.substr(offset, length);
+          return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+      });
+}
+
+inline size_t
+get_multipart_ranges_data_length(const Request &req, Response &res,
+                                 const std::string &boundary,
+                                 const std::string &content_type) {
+  size_t data_length = 0;
+
+  process_multipart_ranges_data(
+      req, res, boundary, content_type,
+      [&](const std::string &token) { data_length += token.size(); },
+      [&](const char *token) { data_length += strlen(token); },
+      [&](size_t /*offset*/, size_t length) {
+        data_length += length;
+        return true;
+      });
+
+  return data_length;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool write_multipart_ranges_data(Stream &strm, const Request &req,
+                                        Response &res,
+                                        const std::string &boundary,
+                                        const std::string &content_type,
+                                        const T &is_shutting_down) {
+  return process_multipart_ranges_data(
+      req, res, boundary, content_type,
+      [&](const std::string &token) { strm.write(token); },
+      [&](const char *token) { strm.write(token); },
+      [&](size_t offset, size_t length) {
+        return write_content(strm, res.content_provider_, offset, length,
+                             is_shutting_down);
+      });
+}
+
+inline std::pair<size_t, size_t>
+get_range_offset_and_length(const Request &req, const Response &res,
+                            size_t index) {
+  auto r = req.ranges[index];
+
+  if (r.second == -1) {
+    r.second = static_cast<ssize_t>(res.content_length_) - 1;
+  }
+
+  return std::make_pair(r.first, r.second - r.first + 1);
+}
+
+inline bool expect_content(const Request &req) {
+  if (req.method == "POST" || req.method == "PUT" || req.method == "PATCH" ||
+      req.method == "PRI" || req.method == "DELETE") {
+    return true;
+  }
+  // TODO: check if Content-Length is set
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline bool has_crlf(const char *s) {
+  auto p = s;
+  while (*p) {
+    if (*p == '\r' || *p == '\n') { return true; }
+    p++;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+template <typename CTX, typename Init, typename Update, typename Final>
+inline std::string message_digest(const std::string &s, Init init,
+                                  Update update, Final final,
+                                  size_t digest_length) {
+  using namespace std;
+
+  std::vector<unsigned char> md(digest_length, 0);
+  CTX ctx;
+  init(&ctx);
+  update(&ctx, s.data(), s.size());
+  final(md.data(), &ctx);
+
+  stringstream ss;
+  for (auto c : md) {
+    ss << setfill('0') << setw(2) << hex << (unsigned int)c;
+  }
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+inline std::string MD5(const std::string &s) {
+  return message_digest<MD5_CTX>(s, MD5_Init, MD5_Update, MD5_Final,
+                                 MD5_DIGEST_LENGTH);
+}
+
+inline std::string SHA_256(const std::string &s) {
+  return message_digest<SHA256_CTX>(s, SHA256_Init, SHA256_Update, SHA256_Final,
+                                    SHA256_DIGEST_LENGTH);
+}
+
+inline std::string SHA_512(const std::string &s) {
+  return message_digest<SHA512_CTX>(s, SHA512_Init, SHA512_Update, SHA512_Final,
+                                    SHA512_DIGEST_LENGTH);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+// NOTE: This code came up with the following stackoverflow post:
+// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9507184/can-openssl-on-windows-use-the-system-certificate-store
+inline bool load_system_certs_on_windows(X509_STORE *store) {
+  auto hStore = CertOpenSystemStoreW((HCRYPTPROV_LEGACY)NULL, L"ROOT");
+
+  if (!hStore) { return false; }
+
+  PCCERT_CONTEXT pContext = NULL;
+  while ((pContext = CertEnumCertificatesInStore(hStore, pContext)) !=
+         nullptr) {
+    auto encoded_cert =
+        static_cast<const unsigned char *>(pContext->pbCertEncoded);
+
+    auto x509 = d2i_X509(NULL, &encoded_cert, pContext->cbCertEncoded);
+    if (x509) {
+      X509_STORE_add_cert(store, x509);
+      X509_free(x509);
+    }
+  }
+
+  CertFreeCertificateContext(pContext);
+  CertCloseStore(hStore, 0);
+
+  return true;
+}
+#endif
+
+class WSInit {
+public:
+  WSInit() {
+    WSADATA wsaData;
+    WSAStartup(0x0002, &wsaData);
+  }
+
+  ~WSInit() { WSACleanup(); }
+};
+
+static WSInit wsinit_;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+inline std::pair<std::string, std::string> make_digest_authentication_header(
+    const Request &req, const std::map<std::string, std::string> &auth,
+    size_t cnonce_count, const std::string &cnonce, const std::string &username,
+    const std::string &password, bool is_proxy = false) {
+  using namespace std;
+
+  string nc;
+  {
+    stringstream ss;
+    ss << setfill('0') << setw(8) << hex << cnonce_count;
+    nc = ss.str();
+  }
+
+  auto qop = auth.at("qop");
+  if (qop.find("auth-int") != std::string::npos) {
+    qop = "auth-int";
+  } else {
+    qop = "auth";
+  }
+
+  std::string algo = "MD5";
+  if (auth.find("algorithm") != auth.end()) { algo = auth.at("algorithm"); }
+
+  string response;
+  {
+    auto H = algo == "SHA-256"
+                 ? detail::SHA_256
+                 : algo == "SHA-512" ? detail::SHA_512 : detail::MD5;
+
+    auto A1 = username + ":" + auth.at("realm") + ":" + password;
+
+    auto A2 = req.method + ":" + req.path;
+    if (qop == "auth-int") { A2 += ":" + H(req.body); }
+
+    response = H(H(A1) + ":" + auth.at("nonce") + ":" + nc + ":" + cnonce +
+                 ":" + qop + ":" + H(A2));
+  }
+
+  auto field = "Digest username=\"" + username + "\", realm=\"" +
+               auth.at("realm") + "\", nonce=\"" + auth.at("nonce") +
+               "\", uri=\"" + req.path + "\", algorithm=" + algo +
+               ", qop=" + qop + ", nc=\"" + nc + "\", cnonce=\"" + cnonce +
+               "\", response=\"" + response + "\"";
+
+  auto key = is_proxy ? "Proxy-Authorization" : "Authorization";
+  return std::make_pair(key, field);
+}
+#endif
+
+inline bool parse_www_authenticate(const Response &res,
+                                   std::map<std::string, std::string> &auth,
+                                   bool is_proxy) {
+  auto auth_key = is_proxy ? "Proxy-Authenticate" : "WWW-Authenticate";
+  if (res.has_header(auth_key)) {
+    static auto re = std::regex(R"~((?:(?:,\s*)?(.+?)=(?:"(.*?)"|([^,]*))))~");
+    auto s = res.get_header_value(auth_key);
+    auto pos = s.find(' ');
+    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+      auto type = s.substr(0, pos);
+      if (type == "Basic") {
+        return false;
+      } else if (type == "Digest") {
+        s = s.substr(pos + 1);
+        auto beg = std::sregex_iterator(s.begin(), s.end(), re);
+        for (auto i = beg; i != std::sregex_iterator(); ++i) {
+          auto m = *i;
+          auto key = s.substr(static_cast<size_t>(m.position(1)),
+                              static_cast<size_t>(m.length(1)));
+          auto val = m.length(2) > 0
+                         ? s.substr(static_cast<size_t>(m.position(2)),
+                                    static_cast<size_t>(m.length(2)))
+                         : s.substr(static_cast<size_t>(m.position(3)),
+                                    static_cast<size_t>(m.length(3)));
+          auth[key] = val;
+        }
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/440133/how-do-i-create-a-random-alpha-numeric-string-in-c/440240#answer-440240
+inline std::string random_string(size_t length) {
+  auto randchar = []() -> char {
+    const char charset[] = "0123456789"
+                           "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
+                           "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+    const size_t max_index = (sizeof(charset) - 1);
+    return charset[static_cast<size_t>(std::rand()) % max_index];
+  };
+  std::string str(length, 0);
+  std::generate_n(str.begin(), length, randchar);
+  return str;
+}
+
+class ContentProviderAdapter {
+public:
+  explicit ContentProviderAdapter(
+      ContentProviderWithoutLength &&content_provider)
+      : content_provider_(content_provider) {}
+
+  bool operator()(size_t offset, size_t, DataSink &sink) {
+    return content_provider_(offset, sink);
+  }
+
+private:
+  ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider_;
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+// Header utilities
+inline std::pair<std::string, std::string> make_range_header(Ranges ranges) {
+  std::string field = "bytes=";
+  auto i = 0;
+  for (auto r : ranges) {
+    if (i != 0) { field += ", "; }
+    if (r.first != -1) { field += std::to_string(r.first); }
+    field += '-';
+    if (r.second != -1) { field += std::to_string(r.second); }
+    i++;
+  }
+  return std::make_pair("Range", std::move(field));
+}
+
+inline std::pair<std::string, std::string>
+make_basic_authentication_header(const std::string &username,
+                                 const std::string &password, bool is_proxy) {
+  auto field = "Basic " + detail::base64_encode(username + ":" + password);
+  auto key = is_proxy ? "Proxy-Authorization" : "Authorization";
+  return std::make_pair(key, std::move(field));
+}
+
+inline std::pair<std::string, std::string>
+make_bearer_token_authentication_header(const std::string &token,
+                                        bool is_proxy = false) {
+  auto field = "Bearer " + token;
+  auto key = is_proxy ? "Proxy-Authorization" : "Authorization";
+  return std::make_pair(key, std::move(field));
+}
+
+// Request implementation
+inline bool Request::has_header(const char *key) const {
+  return detail::has_header(headers, key);
+}
+
+inline std::string Request::get_header_value(const char *key, size_t id) const {
+  return detail::get_header_value(headers, key, id, "");
+}
+
+inline size_t Request::get_header_value_count(const char *key) const {
+  auto r = headers.equal_range(key);
+  return static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(r.first, r.second));
+}
+
+inline void Request::set_header(const char *key, const char *val) {
+  if (!detail::has_crlf(key) && !detail::has_crlf(val)) {
+    headers.emplace(key, val);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void Request::set_header(const char *key, const std::string &val) {
+  if (!detail::has_crlf(key) && !detail::has_crlf(val.c_str())) {
+    headers.emplace(key, val);
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool Request::has_param(const char *key) const {
+  return params.find(key) != params.end();
+}
+
+inline std::string Request::get_param_value(const char *key, size_t id) const {
+  auto rng = params.equal_range(key);
+  auto it = rng.first;
+  std::advance(it, static_cast<ssize_t>(id));
+  if (it != rng.second) { return it->second; }
+  return std::string();
+}
+
+inline size_t Request::get_param_value_count(const char *key) const {
+  auto r = params.equal_range(key);
+  return static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(r.first, r.second));
+}
+
+inline bool Request::is_multipart_form_data() const {
+  const auto &content_type = get_header_value("Content-Type");
+  return !content_type.find("multipart/form-data");
+}
+
+inline bool Request::has_file(const char *key) const {
+  return files.find(key) != files.end();
+}
+
+inline MultipartFormData Request::get_file_value(const char *key) const {
+  auto it = files.find(key);
+  if (it != files.end()) { return it->second; }
+  return MultipartFormData();
+}
+
+// Response implementation
+inline bool Response::has_header(const char *key) const {
+  return headers.find(key) != headers.end();
+}
+
+inline std::string Response::get_header_value(const char *key,
+                                              size_t id) const {
+  return detail::get_header_value(headers, key, id, "");
+}
+
+inline size_t Response::get_header_value_count(const char *key) const {
+  auto r = headers.equal_range(key);
+  return static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(r.first, r.second));
+}
+
+inline void Response::set_header(const char *key, const char *val) {
+  if (!detail::has_crlf(key) && !detail::has_crlf(val)) {
+    headers.emplace(key, val);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void Response::set_header(const char *key, const std::string &val) {
+  if (!detail::has_crlf(key) && !detail::has_crlf(val.c_str())) {
+    headers.emplace(key, val);
+  }
+}
+
+inline void Response::set_redirect(const char *url, int stat) {
+  if (!detail::has_crlf(url)) {
+    set_header("Location", url);
+    if (300 <= stat && stat < 400) {
+      this->status = stat;
+    } else {
+      this->status = 302;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline void Response::set_redirect(const std::string &url, int stat) {
+  set_redirect(url.c_str(), stat);
+}
+
+inline void Response::set_content(const char *s, size_t n,
+                                  const char *content_type) {
+  body.assign(s, n);
+
+  auto rng = headers.equal_range("Content-Type");
+  headers.erase(rng.first, rng.second);
+  set_header("Content-Type", content_type);
+}
+
+inline void Response::set_content(const std::string &s,
+                                  const char *content_type) {
+  set_content(s.data(), s.size(), content_type);
+}
+
+inline void Response::set_content_provider(
+    size_t in_length, const char *content_type, ContentProvider provider,
+    ContentProviderResourceReleaser resource_releaser) {
+  assert(in_length > 0);
+  set_header("Content-Type", content_type);
+  content_length_ = in_length;
+  content_provider_ = std::move(provider);
+  content_provider_resource_releaser_ = resource_releaser;
+  is_chunked_content_provider_ = false;
+}
+
+inline void Response::set_content_provider(
+    const char *content_type, ContentProviderWithoutLength provider,
+    ContentProviderResourceReleaser resource_releaser) {
+  set_header("Content-Type", content_type);
+  content_length_ = 0;
+  content_provider_ = detail::ContentProviderAdapter(std::move(provider));
+  content_provider_resource_releaser_ = resource_releaser;
+  is_chunked_content_provider_ = false;
+}
+
+inline void Response::set_chunked_content_provider(
+    const char *content_type, ContentProviderWithoutLength provider,
+    ContentProviderResourceReleaser resource_releaser) {
+  set_header("Content-Type", content_type);
+  content_length_ = 0;
+  content_provider_ = detail::ContentProviderAdapter(std::move(provider));
+  content_provider_resource_releaser_ = resource_releaser;
+  is_chunked_content_provider_ = true;
+}
+
+// Result implementation
+inline bool Result::has_request_header(const char *key) const {
+  return request_headers_.find(key) != request_headers_.end();
+}
+
+inline std::string Result::get_request_header_value(const char *key,
+                                                    size_t id) const {
+  return detail::get_header_value(request_headers_, key, id, "");
+}
+
+inline size_t Result::get_request_header_value_count(const char *key) const {
+  auto r = request_headers_.equal_range(key);
+  return static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(r.first, r.second));
+}
+
+// Stream implementation
+inline ssize_t Stream::write(const char *ptr) {
+  return write(ptr, strlen(ptr));
+}
+
+inline ssize_t Stream::write(const std::string &s) {
+  return write(s.data(), s.size());
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+
+// Socket stream implementation
+inline SocketStream::SocketStream(socket_t sock, time_t read_timeout_sec,
+                                  time_t read_timeout_usec,
+                                  time_t write_timeout_sec,
+                                  time_t write_timeout_usec)
+    : sock_(sock), read_timeout_sec_(read_timeout_sec),
+      read_timeout_usec_(read_timeout_usec),
+      write_timeout_sec_(write_timeout_sec),
+      write_timeout_usec_(write_timeout_usec) {}
+
+inline SocketStream::~SocketStream() {}
+
+inline bool SocketStream::is_readable() const {
+  return select_read(sock_, read_timeout_sec_, read_timeout_usec_) > 0;
+}
+
+inline bool SocketStream::is_writable() const {
+  return select_write(sock_, write_timeout_sec_, write_timeout_usec_) > 0;
+}
+
+inline ssize_t SocketStream::read(char *ptr, size_t size) {
+  if (!is_readable()) { return -1; }
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  if (size > static_cast<size_t>((std::numeric_limits<int>::max)())) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return recv(sock_, ptr, static_cast<int>(size), CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_FLAGS);
+#else
+  return handle_EINTR(
+      [&]() { return recv(sock_, ptr, size, CPPHTTPLIB_RECV_FLAGS); });
+#endif
+}
+
+inline ssize_t SocketStream::write(const char *ptr, size_t size) {
+  if (!is_writable()) { return -1; }
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  if (size > static_cast<size_t>((std::numeric_limits<int>::max)())) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  return send(sock_, ptr, static_cast<int>(size), CPPHTTPLIB_SEND_FLAGS);
+#else
+  return handle_EINTR(
+      [&]() { return send(sock_, ptr, size, CPPHTTPLIB_SEND_FLAGS); });
+#endif
+}
+
+inline void SocketStream::get_remote_ip_and_port(std::string &ip,
+                                                 int &port) const {
+  return detail::get_remote_ip_and_port(sock_, ip, port);
+}
+
+inline socket_t SocketStream::socket() const { return sock_; }
+
+// Buffer stream implementation
+inline bool BufferStream::is_readable() const { return true; }
+
+inline bool BufferStream::is_writable() const { return true; }
+
+inline ssize_t BufferStream::read(char *ptr, size_t size) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1900
+  auto len_read = buffer._Copy_s(ptr, size, size, position);
+#else
+  auto len_read = buffer.copy(ptr, size, position);
+#endif
+  position += static_cast<size_t>(len_read);
+  return static_cast<ssize_t>(len_read);
+}
+
+inline ssize_t BufferStream::write(const char *ptr, size_t size) {
+  buffer.append(ptr, size);
+  return static_cast<ssize_t>(size);
+}
+
+inline void BufferStream::get_remote_ip_and_port(std::string & /*ip*/,
+                                                 int & /*port*/) const {}
+
+inline socket_t BufferStream::socket() const { return 0; }
+
+inline const std::string &BufferStream::get_buffer() const { return buffer; }
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+// HTTP server implementation
+inline Server::Server()
+    : new_task_queue(
+          [] { return new ThreadPool(CPPHTTPLIB_THREAD_POOL_COUNT); }),
+      svr_sock_(INVALID_SOCKET), is_running_(false) {
+#ifndef _WIN32
+  signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline Server::~Server() {}
+
+inline Server &Server::Get(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler) {
+  get_handlers_.push_back(
+      std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), std::move(handler)));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::Post(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler) {
+  post_handlers_.push_back(
+      std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), std::move(handler)));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::Post(const std::string &pattern,
+                            HandlerWithContentReader handler) {
+  post_handlers_for_content_reader_.push_back(
+      std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), std::move(handler)));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::Put(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler) {
+  put_handlers_.push_back(
+      std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), std::move(handler)));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::Put(const std::string &pattern,
+                           HandlerWithContentReader handler) {
+  put_handlers_for_content_reader_.push_back(
+      std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), std::move(handler)));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::Patch(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler) {
+  patch_handlers_.push_back(
+      std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), std::move(handler)));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::Patch(const std::string &pattern,
+                             HandlerWithContentReader handler) {
+  patch_handlers_for_content_reader_.push_back(
+      std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), std::move(handler)));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::Delete(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler) {
+  delete_handlers_.push_back(
+      std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), std::move(handler)));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::Delete(const std::string &pattern,
+                              HandlerWithContentReader handler) {
+  delete_handlers_for_content_reader_.push_back(
+      std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), std::move(handler)));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::Options(const std::string &pattern, Handler handler) {
+  options_handlers_.push_back(
+      std::make_pair(std::regex(pattern), std::move(handler)));
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline bool Server::set_base_dir(const std::string &dir,
+                                 const std::string &mount_point) {
+  return set_mount_point(mount_point, dir);
+}
+
+inline bool Server::set_mount_point(const std::string &mount_point,
+                                    const std::string &dir, Headers headers) {
+  if (detail::is_dir(dir)) {
+    std::string mnt = !mount_point.empty() ? mount_point : "/";
+    if (!mnt.empty() && mnt[0] == '/') {
+      base_dirs_.push_back({mnt, dir, std::move(headers)});
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline bool Server::remove_mount_point(const std::string &mount_point) {
+  for (auto it = base_dirs_.begin(); it != base_dirs_.end(); ++it) {
+    if (it->mount_point == mount_point) {
+      base_dirs_.erase(it);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline Server &
+Server::set_file_extension_and_mimetype_mapping(const char *ext,
+                                                const char *mime) {
+  file_extension_and_mimetype_map_[ext] = mime;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_file_request_handler(Handler handler) {
+  file_request_handler_ = std::move(handler);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_error_handler(HandlerWithResponse handler) {
+  error_handler_ = std::move(handler);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_error_handler(Handler handler) {
+  error_handler_ = [handler](const Request &req, Response &res) {
+    handler(req, res);
+    return HandlerResponse::Handled;
+  };
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_exception_handler(ExceptionHandler handler) {
+  exception_handler_ = std::move(handler);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_pre_routing_handler(HandlerWithResponse handler) {
+  pre_routing_handler_ = std::move(handler);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_post_routing_handler(Handler handler) {
+  post_routing_handler_ = std::move(handler);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_logger(Logger logger) {
+  logger_ = std::move(logger);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &
+Server::set_expect_100_continue_handler(Expect100ContinueHandler handler) {
+  expect_100_continue_handler_ = std::move(handler);
+
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_address_family(int family) {
+  address_family_ = family;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_tcp_nodelay(bool on) {
+  tcp_nodelay_ = on;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_socket_options(SocketOptions socket_options) {
+  socket_options_ = std::move(socket_options);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_default_headers(Headers headers) {
+  default_headers_ = std::move(headers);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_keep_alive_max_count(size_t count) {
+  keep_alive_max_count_ = count;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_keep_alive_timeout(time_t sec) {
+  keep_alive_timeout_sec_ = sec;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_read_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+  read_timeout_sec_ = sec;
+  read_timeout_usec_ = usec;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_write_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+  write_timeout_sec_ = sec;
+  write_timeout_usec_ = usec;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_idle_interval(time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+  idle_interval_sec_ = sec;
+  idle_interval_usec_ = usec;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline Server &Server::set_payload_max_length(size_t length) {
+  payload_max_length_ = length;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+inline bool Server::bind_to_port(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags) {
+  if (bind_internal(host, port, socket_flags) < 0) return false;
+  return true;
+}
+inline int Server::bind_to_any_port(const char *host, int socket_flags) {
+  return bind_internal(host, 0, socket_flags);
+}
+
+inline bool Server::listen_after_bind() { return listen_internal(); }
+
+inline bool Server::listen(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags) {
+  return bind_to_port(host, port, socket_flags) && listen_internal();
+}
+
+inline bool Server::is_running() const { return is_running_; }
+
+inline void Server::stop() {
+  if (is_running_) {
+    assert(svr_sock_ != INVALID_SOCKET);
+    std::atomic<socket_t> sock(svr_sock_.exchange(INVALID_SOCKET));
+    detail::shutdown_socket(sock);
+    detail::close_socket(sock);
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool Server::parse_request_line(const char *s, Request &req) {
+  auto len = strlen(s);
+  if (len < 2 || s[len - 2] != '\r' || s[len - 1] != '\n') { return false; }
+  len -= 2;
+
+  {
+    size_t count = 0;
+
+    detail::split(s, s + len, ' ', [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
+      switch (count) {
+      case 0: req.method = std::string(b, e); break;
+      case 1: req.target = std::string(b, e); break;
+      case 2: req.version = std::string(b, e); break;
+      default: break;
+      }
+      count++;
+    });
+
+    if (count != 3) { return false; }
+  }
+
+  static const std::set<std::string> methods{
+      "GET",     "HEAD",    "POST",  "PUT",   "DELETE",
+      "CONNECT", "OPTIONS", "TRACE", "PATCH", "PRI"};
+
+  if (methods.find(req.method) == methods.end()) { return false; }
+
+  if (req.version != "HTTP/1.1" && req.version != "HTTP/1.0") { return false; }
+
+  {
+    size_t count = 0;
+
+    detail::split(req.target.data(), req.target.data() + req.target.size(), '?',
+                  [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
+                    switch (count) {
+                    case 0:
+                      req.path = detail::decode_url(std::string(b, e), false);
+                      break;
+                    case 1: {
+                      if (e - b > 0) {
+                        detail::parse_query_text(std::string(b, e), req.params);
+                      }
+                      break;
+                    }
+                    default: break;
+                    }
+                    count++;
+                  });
+
+    if (count > 2) { return false; }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool Server::write_response(Stream &strm, bool close_connection,
+                                   const Request &req, Response &res) {
+  return write_response_core(strm, close_connection, req, res, false);
+}
+
+inline bool Server::write_response_with_content(Stream &strm,
+                                                bool close_connection,
+                                                const Request &req,
+                                                Response &res) {
+  return write_response_core(strm, close_connection, req, res, true);
+}
+
+inline bool Server::write_response_core(Stream &strm, bool close_connection,
+                                        const Request &req, Response &res,
+                                        bool need_apply_ranges) {
+  assert(res.status != -1);
+
+  if (400 <= res.status && error_handler_ &&
+      error_handler_(req, res) == HandlerResponse::Handled) {
+    need_apply_ranges = true;
+  }
+
+  std::string content_type;
+  std::string boundary;
+  if (need_apply_ranges) { apply_ranges(req, res, content_type, boundary); }
+
+  // Prepare additional headers
+  if (close_connection || req.get_header_value("Connection") == "close") {
+    res.set_header("Connection", "close");
+  } else {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << "timeout=" << keep_alive_timeout_sec_
+       << ", max=" << keep_alive_max_count_;
+    res.set_header("Keep-Alive", ss.str());
+  }
+
+  if (!res.has_header("Content-Type") &&
+      (!res.body.empty() || res.content_length_ > 0 || res.content_provider_)) {
+    res.set_header("Content-Type", "text/plain");
+  }
+
+  if (!res.has_header("Content-Length") && res.body.empty() &&
+      !res.content_length_ && !res.content_provider_) {
+    res.set_header("Content-Length", "0");
+  }
+
+  if (!res.has_header("Accept-Ranges") && req.method == "HEAD") {
+    res.set_header("Accept-Ranges", "bytes");
+  }
+
+  if (post_routing_handler_) { post_routing_handler_(req, res); }
+
+  // Response line and headers
+  {
+    detail::BufferStream bstrm;
+
+    if (!bstrm.write_format("HTTP/1.1 %d %s\r\n", res.status,
+                            detail::status_message(res.status))) {
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!detail::write_headers(bstrm, res.headers)) { return false; }
+
+    // Flush buffer
+    auto &data = bstrm.get_buffer();
+    strm.write(data.data(), data.size());
+  }
+
+  // Body
+  auto ret = true;
+  if (req.method != "HEAD") {
+    if (!res.body.empty()) {
+      if (!strm.write(res.body)) { ret = false; }
+    } else if (res.content_provider_) {
+      if (write_content_with_provider(strm, req, res, boundary, content_type)) {
+        res.content_provider_success_ = true;
+      } else {
+        res.content_provider_success_ = false;
+        ret = false;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Log
+  if (logger_) { logger_(req, res); }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+inline bool
+Server::write_content_with_provider(Stream &strm, const Request &req,
+                                    Response &res, const std::string &boundary,
+                                    const std::string &content_type) {
+  auto is_shutting_down = [this]() {
+    return this->svr_sock_ == INVALID_SOCKET;
+  };
+
+  if (res.content_length_ > 0) {
+    if (req.ranges.empty()) {
+      return detail::write_content(strm, res.content_provider_, 0,
+                                   res.content_length_, is_shutting_down);
+    } else if (req.ranges.size() == 1) {
+      auto offsets =
+          detail::get_range_offset_and_length(req, res.content_length_, 0);
+      auto offset = offsets.first;
+      auto length = offsets.second;
+      return detail::write_content(strm, res.content_provider_, offset, length,
+                                   is_shutting_down);
+    } else {
+      return detail::write_multipart_ranges_data(
+          strm, req, res, boundary, content_type, is_shutting_down);
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (res.is_chunked_content_provider_) {
+      auto type = detail::encoding_type(req, res);
+
+      std::unique_ptr<detail::compressor> compressor;
+      if (type == detail::EncodingType::Gzip) {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+        compressor = detail::make_unique<detail::gzip_compressor>();
+#endif
+      } else if (type == detail::EncodingType::Brotli) {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_BROTLI_SUPPORT
+        compressor = detail::make_unique<detail::brotli_compressor>();
+#endif
+      } else {
+        compressor = detail::make_unique<detail::nocompressor>();
+      }
+      assert(compressor != nullptr);
+
+      return detail::write_content_chunked(strm, res.content_provider_,
+                                           is_shutting_down, *compressor);
+    } else {
+      return detail::write_content_without_length(strm, res.content_provider_,
+                                                  is_shutting_down);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool Server::read_content(Stream &strm, Request &req, Response &res) {
+  MultipartFormDataMap::iterator cur;
+  if (read_content_core(
+          strm, req, res,
+          // Regular
+          [&](const char *buf, size_t n) {
+            if (req.body.size() + n > req.body.max_size()) { return false; }
+            req.body.append(buf, n);
+            return true;
+          },
+          // Multipart
+          [&](const MultipartFormData &file) {
+            cur = req.files.emplace(file.name, file);
+            return true;
+          },
+          [&](const char *buf, size_t n) {
+            auto &content = cur->second.content;
+            if (content.size() + n > content.max_size()) { return false; }
+            content.append(buf, n);
+            return true;
+          })) {
+    const auto &content_type = req.get_header_value("Content-Type");
+    if (!content_type.find("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")) {
+      detail::parse_query_text(req.body, req.params);
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline bool Server::read_content_with_content_receiver(
+    Stream &strm, Request &req, Response &res, ContentReceiver receiver,
+    MultipartContentHeader multipart_header,
+    ContentReceiver multipart_receiver) {
+  return read_content_core(strm, req, res, std::move(receiver),
+                           std::move(multipart_header),
+                           std::move(multipart_receiver));
+}
+
+inline bool Server::read_content_core(Stream &strm, Request &req, Response &res,
+                                      ContentReceiver receiver,
+                                      MultipartContentHeader mulitpart_header,
+                                      ContentReceiver multipart_receiver) {
+  detail::MultipartFormDataParser multipart_form_data_parser;
+  ContentReceiverWithProgress out;
+
+  if (req.is_multipart_form_data()) {
+    const auto &content_type = req.get_header_value("Content-Type");
+    std::string boundary;
+    if (!detail::parse_multipart_boundary(content_type, boundary)) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    multipart_form_data_parser.set_boundary(std::move(boundary));
+    out = [&](const char *buf, size_t n, uint64_t /*off*/, uint64_t /*len*/) {
+      /* For debug
+      size_t pos = 0;
+      while (pos < n) {
+        auto read_size = std::min<size_t>(1, n - pos);
+        auto ret = multipart_form_data_parser.parse(
+            buf + pos, read_size, multipart_receiver, mulitpart_header);
+        if (!ret) { return false; }
+        pos += read_size;
+      }
+      return true;
+      */
+      return multipart_form_data_parser.parse(buf, n, multipart_receiver,
+                                              mulitpart_header);
+    };
+  } else {
+    out = [receiver](const char *buf, size_t n, uint64_t /*off*/,
+                     uint64_t /*len*/) { return receiver(buf, n); };
+  }
+
+  if (req.method == "DELETE" && !req.has_header("Content-Length")) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (!detail::read_content(strm, req, payload_max_length_, res.status, nullptr,
+                            out, true)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (req.is_multipart_form_data()) {
+    if (!multipart_form_data_parser.is_valid()) {
+      res.status = 400;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool Server::handle_file_request(const Request &req, Response &res,
+                                        bool head) {
+  for (const auto &entry : base_dirs_) {
+    // Prefix match
+    if (!req.path.compare(0, entry.mount_point.size(), entry.mount_point)) {
+      std::string sub_path = "/" + req.path.substr(entry.mount_point.size());
+      if (detail::is_valid_path(sub_path)) {
+        auto path = entry.base_dir + sub_path;
+        if (path.back() == '/') { path += "index.html"; }
+
+        if (detail::is_file(path)) {
+          detail::read_file(path, res.body);
+          auto type =
+              detail::find_content_type(path, file_extension_and_mimetype_map_);
+          if (type) { res.set_header("Content-Type", type); }
+          for (const auto &kv : entry.headers) {
+            res.set_header(kv.first.c_str(), kv.second);
+          }
+          res.status = req.has_header("Range") ? 206 : 200;
+          if (!head && file_request_handler_) {
+            file_request_handler_(req, res);
+          }
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline socket_t
+Server::create_server_socket(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags,
+                             SocketOptions socket_options) const {
+  return detail::create_socket(
+      host, port, address_family_, socket_flags, tcp_nodelay_,
+      std::move(socket_options),
+      [](socket_t sock, struct addrinfo &ai) -> bool {
+        if (::bind(sock, ai.ai_addr, static_cast<socklen_t>(ai.ai_addrlen))) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (::listen(sock, 5)) { // Listen through 5 channels
+          return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      });
+}
+
+inline int Server::bind_internal(const char *host, int port, int socket_flags) {
+  if (!is_valid()) { return -1; }
+
+  svr_sock_ = create_server_socket(host, port, socket_flags, socket_options_);
+  if (svr_sock_ == INVALID_SOCKET) { return -1; }
+
+  if (port == 0) {
+    struct sockaddr_storage addr;
+    socklen_t addr_len = sizeof(addr);
+    if (getsockname(svr_sock_, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&addr),
+                    &addr_len) == -1) {
+      return -1;
+    }
+    if (addr.ss_family == AF_INET) {
+      return ntohs(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in *>(&addr)->sin_port);
+    } else if (addr.ss_family == AF_INET6) {
+      return ntohs(reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr_in6 *>(&addr)->sin6_port);
+    } else {
+      return -1;
+    }
+  } else {
+    return port;
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool Server::listen_internal() {
+  auto ret = true;
+  is_running_ = true;
+
+  {
+    std::unique_ptr<TaskQueue> task_queue(new_task_queue());
+
+    while (svr_sock_ != INVALID_SOCKET) {
+#ifndef _WIN32
+      if (idle_interval_sec_ > 0 || idle_interval_usec_ > 0) {
+#endif
+        auto val = detail::select_read(svr_sock_, idle_interval_sec_,
+                                       idle_interval_usec_);
+        if (val == 0) { // Timeout
+          task_queue->on_idle();
+          continue;
+        }
+#ifndef _WIN32
+      }
+#endif
+      socket_t sock = accept(svr_sock_, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+      if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+        if (errno == EMFILE) {
+          // The per-process limit of open file descriptors has been reached.
+          // Try to accept new connections after a short sleep.
+          std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+          continue;
+        }
+        if (svr_sock_ != INVALID_SOCKET) {
+          detail::close_socket(svr_sock_);
+          ret = false;
+        } else {
+          ; // The server socket was closed by user.
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+
+      {
+        timeval tv;
+        tv.tv_sec = static_cast<long>(read_timeout_sec_);
+        tv.tv_usec = static_cast<decltype(tv.tv_usec)>(read_timeout_usec_);
+        setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (char *)&tv, sizeof(tv));
+      }
+      {
+        timeval tv;
+        tv.tv_sec = static_cast<long>(write_timeout_sec_);
+        tv.tv_usec = static_cast<decltype(tv.tv_usec)>(write_timeout_usec_);
+        setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDTIMEO, (char *)&tv, sizeof(tv));
+      }
+
+#if __cplusplus > 201703L
+      task_queue->enqueue([=, this]() { process_and_close_socket(sock); });
+#else
+      task_queue->enqueue([=]() { process_and_close_socket(sock); });
+#endif
+    }
+
+    task_queue->shutdown();
+  }
+
+  is_running_ = false;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+inline bool Server::routing(Request &req, Response &res, Stream &strm) {
+  if (pre_routing_handler_ &&
+      pre_routing_handler_(req, res) == HandlerResponse::Handled) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  // File handler
+  bool is_head_request = req.method == "HEAD";
+  if ((req.method == "GET" || is_head_request) &&
+      handle_file_request(req, res, is_head_request)) {
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (detail::expect_content(req)) {
+    // Content reader handler
+    {
+      ContentReader reader(
+          [&](ContentReceiver receiver) {
+            return read_content_with_content_receiver(
+                strm, req, res, std::move(receiver), nullptr, nullptr);
+          },
+          [&](MultipartContentHeader header, ContentReceiver receiver) {
+            return read_content_with_content_receiver(strm, req, res, nullptr,
+                                                      std::move(header),
+                                                      std::move(receiver));
+          });
+
+      if (req.method == "POST") {
+        if (dispatch_request_for_content_reader(
+                req, res, std::move(reader),
+                post_handlers_for_content_reader_)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      } else if (req.method == "PUT") {
+        if (dispatch_request_for_content_reader(
+                req, res, std::move(reader),
+                put_handlers_for_content_reader_)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      } else if (req.method == "PATCH") {
+        if (dispatch_request_for_content_reader(
+                req, res, std::move(reader),
+                patch_handlers_for_content_reader_)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      } else if (req.method == "DELETE") {
+        if (dispatch_request_for_content_reader(
+                req, res, std::move(reader),
+                delete_handlers_for_content_reader_)) {
+          return true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Read content into `req.body`
+    if (!read_content(strm, req, res)) { return false; }
+  }
+
+  // Regular handler
+  if (req.method == "GET" || req.method == "HEAD") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, get_handlers_);
+  } else if (req.method == "POST") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, post_handlers_);
+  } else if (req.method == "PUT") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, put_handlers_);
+  } else if (req.method == "DELETE") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, delete_handlers_);
+  } else if (req.method == "OPTIONS") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, options_handlers_);
+  } else if (req.method == "PATCH") {
+    return dispatch_request(req, res, patch_handlers_);
+  }
+
+  res.status = 400;
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline bool Server::dispatch_request(Request &req, Response &res,
+                                     const Handlers &handlers) {
+  for (const auto &x : handlers) {
+    const auto &pattern = x.first;
+    const auto &handler = x.second;
+
+    if (std::regex_match(req.path, req.matches, pattern)) {
+      handler(req, res);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline void Server::apply_ranges(const Request &req, Response &res,
+                                 std::string &content_type,
+                                 std::string &boundary) {
+  if (req.ranges.size() > 1) {
+    boundary = detail::make_multipart_data_boundary();
+
+    auto it = res.headers.find("Content-Type");
+    if (it != res.headers.end()) {
+      content_type = it->second;
+      res.headers.erase(it);
+    }
+
+    res.headers.emplace("Content-Type",
+                        "multipart/byteranges; boundary=" + boundary);
+  }
+
+  auto type = detail::encoding_type(req, res);
+
+  if (res.body.empty()) {
+    if (res.content_length_ > 0) {
+      size_t length = 0;
+      if (req.ranges.empty()) {
+        length = res.content_length_;
+      } else if (req.ranges.size() == 1) {
+        auto offsets =
+            detail::get_range_offset_and_length(req, res.content_length_, 0);
+        auto offset = offsets.first;
+        length = offsets.second;
+        auto content_range = detail::make_content_range_header_field(
+            offset, length, res.content_length_);
+        res.set_header("Content-Range", content_range);
+      } else {
+        length = detail::get_multipart_ranges_data_length(req, res, boundary,
+                                                          content_type);
+      }
+      res.set_header("Content-Length", std::to_string(length));
+    } else {
+      if (res.content_provider_) {
+        if (res.is_chunked_content_provider_) {
+          res.set_header("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked");
+          if (type == detail::EncodingType::Gzip) {
+            res.set_header("Content-Encoding", "gzip");
+          } else if (type == detail::EncodingType::Brotli) {
+            res.set_header("Content-Encoding", "br");
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (req.ranges.empty()) {
+      ;
+    } else if (req.ranges.size() == 1) {
+      auto offsets =
+          detail::get_range_offset_and_length(req, res.body.size(), 0);
+      auto offset = offsets.first;
+      auto length = offsets.second;
+      auto content_range = detail::make_content_range_header_field(
+          offset, length, res.body.size());
+      res.set_header("Content-Range", content_range);
+      if (offset < res.body.size()) {
+        res.body = res.body.substr(offset, length);
+      } else {
+        res.body.clear();
+        res.status = 416;
+      }
+    } else {
+      std::string data;
+      if (detail::make_multipart_ranges_data(req, res, boundary, content_type,
+                                             data)) {
+        res.body.swap(data);
+      } else {
+        res.body.clear();
+        res.status = 416;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (type != detail::EncodingType::None) {
+      std::unique_ptr<detail::compressor> compressor;
+      std::string content_encoding;
+
+      if (type == detail::EncodingType::Gzip) {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+        compressor = detail::make_unique<detail::gzip_compressor>();
+        content_encoding = "gzip";
+#endif
+      } else if (type == detail::EncodingType::Brotli) {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_BROTLI_SUPPORT
+        compressor = detail::make_unique<detail::brotli_compressor>();
+        content_encoding = "br";
+#endif
+      }
+
+      if (compressor) {
+        std::string compressed;
+        if (compressor->compress(res.body.data(), res.body.size(), true,
+                                 [&](const char *data, size_t data_len) {
+                                   compressed.append(data, data_len);
+                                   return true;
+                                 })) {
+          res.body.swap(compressed);
+          res.set_header("Content-Encoding", content_encoding);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    auto length = std::to_string(res.body.size());
+    res.set_header("Content-Length", length);
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool Server::dispatch_request_for_content_reader(
+    Request &req, Response &res, ContentReader content_reader,
+    const HandlersForContentReader &handlers) {
+  for (const auto &x : handlers) {
+    const auto &pattern = x.first;
+    const auto &handler = x.second;
+
+    if (std::regex_match(req.path, req.matches, pattern)) {
+      handler(req, res, content_reader);
+      return true;
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline bool
+Server::process_request(Stream &strm, bool close_connection,
+                        bool &connection_closed,
+                        const std::function<void(Request &)> &setup_request) {
+  std::array<char, 2048> buf{};
+
+  detail::stream_line_reader line_reader(strm, buf.data(), buf.size());
+
+  // Connection has been closed on client
+  if (!line_reader.getline()) { return false; }
+
+  Request req;
+  Response res;
+
+  res.version = "HTTP/1.1";
+
+  for (const auto &header : default_headers_) {
+    if (res.headers.find(header.first) == res.headers.end()) {
+      res.headers.insert(header);
+    }
+  }
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  // TODO: Increase FD_SETSIZE statically (libzmq), dynamically (MySQL).
+#else
+#ifndef CPPHTTPLIB_USE_POLL
+  // Socket file descriptor exceeded FD_SETSIZE...
+  if (strm.socket() >= FD_SETSIZE) {
+    Headers dummy;
+    detail::read_headers(strm, dummy);
+    res.status = 500;
+    return write_response(strm, close_connection, req, res);
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+  // Check if the request URI doesn't exceed the limit
+  if (line_reader.size() > CPPHTTPLIB_REQUEST_URI_MAX_LENGTH) {
+    Headers dummy;
+    detail::read_headers(strm, dummy);
+    res.status = 414;
+    return write_response(strm, close_connection, req, res);
+  }
+
+  // Request line and headers
+  if (!parse_request_line(line_reader.ptr(), req) ||
+      !detail::read_headers(strm, req.headers)) {
+    res.status = 400;
+    return write_response(strm, close_connection, req, res);
+  }
+
+  if (req.get_header_value("Connection") == "close") {
+    connection_closed = true;
+  }
+
+  if (req.version == "HTTP/1.0" &&
+      req.get_header_value("Connection") != "Keep-Alive") {
+    connection_closed = true;
+  }
+
+  strm.get_remote_ip_and_port(req.remote_addr, req.remote_port);
+  req.set_header("REMOTE_ADDR", req.remote_addr);
+  req.set_header("REMOTE_PORT", std::to_string(req.remote_port));
+
+  if (req.has_header("Range")) {
+    const auto &range_header_value = req.get_header_value("Range");
+    if (!detail::parse_range_header(range_header_value, req.ranges)) {
+      res.status = 416;
+      return write_response(strm, close_connection, req, res);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (setup_request) { setup_request(req); }
+
+  if (req.get_header_value("Expect") == "100-continue") {
+    auto status = 100;
+    if (expect_100_continue_handler_) {
+      status = expect_100_continue_handler_(req, res);
+    }
+    switch (status) {
+    case 100:
+    case 417:
+      strm.write_format("HTTP/1.1 %d %s\r\n\r\n", status,
+                        detail::status_message(status));
+      break;
+    default: return write_response(strm, close_connection, req, res);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Rounting
+  bool routed = false;
+  try {
+    routed = routing(req, res, strm);
+  } catch (std::exception &e) {
+    if (exception_handler_) {
+      exception_handler_(req, res, e);
+      routed = true;
+    } else {
+      res.status = 500;
+      res.set_header("EXCEPTION_WHAT", e.what());
+    }
+  } catch (...) {
+    res.status = 500;
+    res.set_header("EXCEPTION_WHAT", "UNKNOWN");
+  }
+
+  if (routed) {
+    if (res.status == -1) { res.status = req.ranges.empty() ? 200 : 206; }
+    return write_response_with_content(strm, close_connection, req, res);
+  } else {
+    if (res.status == -1) { res.status = 404; }
+    return write_response(strm, close_connection, req, res);
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool Server::is_valid() const { return true; }
+
+inline bool Server::process_and_close_socket(socket_t sock) {
+  auto ret = detail::process_server_socket(
+      sock, keep_alive_max_count_, keep_alive_timeout_sec_, read_timeout_sec_,
+      read_timeout_usec_, write_timeout_sec_, write_timeout_usec_,
+      [this](Stream &strm, bool close_connection, bool &connection_closed) {
+        return process_request(strm, close_connection, connection_closed,
+                               nullptr);
+      });
+
+  detail::shutdown_socket(sock);
+  detail::close_socket(sock);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// HTTP client implementation
+inline ClientImpl::ClientImpl(const std::string &host)
+    : ClientImpl(host, 80, std::string(), std::string()) {}
+
+inline ClientImpl::ClientImpl(const std::string &host, int port)
+    : ClientImpl(host, port, std::string(), std::string()) {}
+
+inline ClientImpl::ClientImpl(const std::string &host, int port,
+                              const std::string &client_cert_path,
+                              const std::string &client_key_path)
+    : host_(host), port_(port),
+      host_and_port_(adjust_host_string(host) + ":" + std::to_string(port)),
+      client_cert_path_(client_cert_path), client_key_path_(client_key_path) {}
+
+inline ClientImpl::~ClientImpl() {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(socket_mutex_);
+  shutdown_socket(socket_);
+  close_socket(socket_);
+}
+
+inline bool ClientImpl::is_valid() const { return true; }
+
+inline void ClientImpl::copy_settings(const ClientImpl &rhs) {
+  client_cert_path_ = rhs.client_cert_path_;
+  client_key_path_ = rhs.client_key_path_;
+  connection_timeout_sec_ = rhs.connection_timeout_sec_;
+  read_timeout_sec_ = rhs.read_timeout_sec_;
+  read_timeout_usec_ = rhs.read_timeout_usec_;
+  write_timeout_sec_ = rhs.write_timeout_sec_;
+  write_timeout_usec_ = rhs.write_timeout_usec_;
+  basic_auth_username_ = rhs.basic_auth_username_;
+  basic_auth_password_ = rhs.basic_auth_password_;
+  bearer_token_auth_token_ = rhs.bearer_token_auth_token_;
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  digest_auth_username_ = rhs.digest_auth_username_;
+  digest_auth_password_ = rhs.digest_auth_password_;
+#endif
+  keep_alive_ = rhs.keep_alive_;
+  follow_location_ = rhs.follow_location_;
+  url_encode_ = rhs.url_encode_;
+  address_family_ = rhs.address_family_;
+  tcp_nodelay_ = rhs.tcp_nodelay_;
+  socket_options_ = rhs.socket_options_;
+  compress_ = rhs.compress_;
+  decompress_ = rhs.decompress_;
+  interface_ = rhs.interface_;
+  proxy_host_ = rhs.proxy_host_;
+  proxy_port_ = rhs.proxy_port_;
+  proxy_basic_auth_username_ = rhs.proxy_basic_auth_username_;
+  proxy_basic_auth_password_ = rhs.proxy_basic_auth_password_;
+  proxy_bearer_token_auth_token_ = rhs.proxy_bearer_token_auth_token_;
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  proxy_digest_auth_username_ = rhs.proxy_digest_auth_username_;
+  proxy_digest_auth_password_ = rhs.proxy_digest_auth_password_;
+#endif
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  ca_cert_file_path_ = rhs.ca_cert_file_path_;
+  ca_cert_dir_path_ = rhs.ca_cert_dir_path_;
+  ca_cert_store_ = rhs.ca_cert_store_;
+#endif
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  server_certificate_verification_ = rhs.server_certificate_verification_;
+#endif
+  logger_ = rhs.logger_;
+}
+
+inline socket_t ClientImpl::create_client_socket(Error &error) const {
+  if (!proxy_host_.empty() && proxy_port_ != -1) {
+    return detail::create_client_socket(
+        proxy_host_.c_str(), proxy_port_, address_family_, tcp_nodelay_,
+        socket_options_, connection_timeout_sec_, connection_timeout_usec_,
+        read_timeout_sec_, read_timeout_usec_, write_timeout_sec_,
+        write_timeout_usec_, interface_, error);
+  }
+  return detail::create_client_socket(
+      host_.c_str(), port_, address_family_, tcp_nodelay_, socket_options_,
+      connection_timeout_sec_, connection_timeout_usec_, read_timeout_sec_,
+      read_timeout_usec_, write_timeout_sec_, write_timeout_usec_, interface_,
+      error);
+}
+
+inline bool ClientImpl::create_and_connect_socket(Socket &socket,
+                                                  Error &error) {
+  auto sock = create_client_socket(error);
+  if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) { return false; }
+  socket.sock = sock;
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::shutdown_ssl(Socket & /*socket*/,
+                                     bool /*shutdown_gracefully*/) {
+  // If there are any requests in flight from threads other than us, then it's
+  // a thread-unsafe race because individual ssl* objects are not thread-safe.
+  assert(socket_requests_in_flight_ == 0 ||
+         socket_requests_are_from_thread_ == std::this_thread::get_id());
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::shutdown_socket(Socket &socket) {
+  if (socket.sock == INVALID_SOCKET) { return; }
+  detail::shutdown_socket(socket.sock);
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::close_socket(Socket &socket) {
+  // If there are requests in flight in another thread, usually closing
+  // the socket will be fine and they will simply receive an error when
+  // using the closed socket, but it is still a bug since rarely the OS
+  // may reassign the socket id to be used for a new socket, and then
+  // suddenly they will be operating on a live socket that is different
+  // than the one they intended!
+  assert(socket_requests_in_flight_ == 0 ||
+         socket_requests_are_from_thread_ == std::this_thread::get_id());
+
+  // It is also a bug if this happens while SSL is still active
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  assert(socket.ssl == nullptr);
+#endif
+  if (socket.sock == INVALID_SOCKET) { return; }
+  detail::close_socket(socket.sock);
+  socket.sock = INVALID_SOCKET;
+}
+
+inline bool ClientImpl::read_response_line(Stream &strm, const Request &req,
+                                           Response &res) {
+  std::array<char, 2048> buf;
+
+  detail::stream_line_reader line_reader(strm, buf.data(), buf.size());
+
+  if (!line_reader.getline()) { return false; }
+
+  const static std::regex re("(HTTP/1\\.[01]) (\\d{3})(?: (.*?))?\r\n");
+
+  std::cmatch m;
+  if (!std::regex_match(line_reader.ptr(), m, re)) {
+    return req.method == "CONNECT";
+  }
+  res.version = std::string(m[1]);
+  res.status = std::stoi(std::string(m[2]));
+  res.reason = std::string(m[3]);
+
+  // Ignore '100 Continue'
+  while (res.status == 100) {
+    if (!line_reader.getline()) { return false; } // CRLF
+    if (!line_reader.getline()) { return false; } // next response line
+
+    if (!std::regex_match(line_reader.ptr(), m, re)) { return false; }
+    res.version = std::string(m[1]);
+    res.status = std::stoi(std::string(m[2]));
+    res.reason = std::string(m[3]);
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool ClientImpl::send(Request &req, Response &res, Error &error) {
+  std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> request_mutex_guard(request_mutex_);
+
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(socket_mutex_);
+    // Set this to false immediately - if it ever gets set to true by the end of
+    // the request, we know another thread instructed us to close the socket.
+    socket_should_be_closed_when_request_is_done_ = false;
+
+    auto is_alive = false;
+    if (socket_.is_open()) {
+      is_alive = detail::select_write(socket_.sock, 0, 0) > 0;
+      if (!is_alive) {
+        // Attempt to avoid sigpipe by shutting down nongracefully if it seems
+        // like the other side has already closed the connection Also, there
+        // cannot be any requests in flight from other threads since we locked
+        // request_mutex_, so safe to close everything immediately
+        const bool shutdown_gracefully = false;
+        shutdown_ssl(socket_, shutdown_gracefully);
+        shutdown_socket(socket_);
+        close_socket(socket_);
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (!is_alive) {
+      if (!create_and_connect_socket(socket_, error)) { return false; }
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+      // TODO: refactoring
+      if (is_ssl()) {
+        auto &scli = static_cast<SSLClient &>(*this);
+        if (!proxy_host_.empty() && proxy_port_ != -1) {
+          bool success = false;
+          if (!scli.connect_with_proxy(socket_, res, success, error)) {
+            return success;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (!scli.initialize_ssl(socket_, error)) { return false; }
+      }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // Mark the current socket as being in use so that it cannot be closed by
+    // anyone else while this request is ongoing, even though we will be
+    // releasing the mutex.
+    if (socket_requests_in_flight_ > 1) {
+      assert(socket_requests_are_from_thread_ == std::this_thread::get_id());
+    }
+    socket_requests_in_flight_ += 1;
+    socket_requests_are_from_thread_ = std::this_thread::get_id();
+  }
+
+  for (const auto &header : default_headers_) {
+    if (req.headers.find(header.first) == req.headers.end()) {
+      req.headers.insert(header);
+    }
+  }
+
+  auto close_connection = !keep_alive_;
+  auto ret = process_socket(socket_, [&](Stream &strm) {
+    return handle_request(strm, req, res, close_connection, error);
+  });
+
+  // Briefly lock mutex in order to mark that a request is no longer ongoing
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(socket_mutex_);
+    socket_requests_in_flight_ -= 1;
+    if (socket_requests_in_flight_ <= 0) {
+      assert(socket_requests_in_flight_ == 0);
+      socket_requests_are_from_thread_ = std::thread::id();
+    }
+
+    if (socket_should_be_closed_when_request_is_done_ || close_connection ||
+        !ret) {
+      shutdown_ssl(socket_, true);
+      shutdown_socket(socket_);
+      close_socket(socket_);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!ret) {
+    if (error == Error::Success) { error = Error::Unknown; }
+  }
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::send(const Request &req) {
+  auto req2 = req;
+  return send_(std::move(req2));
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::send_(Request &&req) {
+  auto res = detail::make_unique<Response>();
+  auto error = Error::Success;
+  auto ret = send(req, *res, error);
+  return Result{ret ? std::move(res) : nullptr, error, std::move(req.headers)};
+}
+
+inline bool ClientImpl::handle_request(Stream &strm, Request &req,
+                                       Response &res, bool close_connection,
+                                       Error &error) {
+  if (req.path.empty()) {
+    error = Error::Connection;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  auto req_save = req;
+
+  bool ret;
+
+  if (!is_ssl() && !proxy_host_.empty() && proxy_port_ != -1) {
+    auto req2 = req;
+    req2.path = "http://" + host_and_port_ + req.path;
+    ret = process_request(strm, req2, res, close_connection, error);
+    req = req2;
+    req.path = req_save.path;
+  } else {
+    ret = process_request(strm, req, res, close_connection, error);
+  }
+
+  if (!ret) { return false; }
+
+  if (300 < res.status && res.status < 400 && follow_location_) {
+    req = req_save;
+    ret = redirect(req, res, error);
+  }
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+  if ((res.status == 401 || res.status == 407) &&
+      req.authorization_count_ < 5) {
+    auto is_proxy = res.status == 407;
+    const auto &username =
+        is_proxy ? proxy_digest_auth_username_ : digest_auth_username_;
+    const auto &password =
+        is_proxy ? proxy_digest_auth_password_ : digest_auth_password_;
+
+    if (!username.empty() && !password.empty()) {
+      std::map<std::string, std::string> auth;
+      if (detail::parse_www_authenticate(res, auth, is_proxy)) {
+        Request new_req = req;
+        new_req.authorization_count_ += 1;
+        new_req.headers.erase(is_proxy ? "Proxy-Authorization"
+                                       : "Authorization");
+        new_req.headers.insert(detail::make_digest_authentication_header(
+            req, auth, new_req.authorization_count_, detail::random_string(10),
+            username, password, is_proxy));
+
+        Response new_res;
+
+        ret = send(new_req, new_res, error);
+        if (ret) { res = new_res; }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+inline bool ClientImpl::redirect(Request &req, Response &res, Error &error) {
+  if (req.redirect_count_ == 0) {
+    error = Error::ExceedRedirectCount;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  auto location = detail::decode_url(res.get_header_value("location"), true);
+  if (location.empty()) { return false; }
+
+  const static std::regex re(
+      R"((?:(https?):)?(?://(?:\[([\d:]+)\]|([^:/?#]+))(?::(\d+))?)?([^?#]*(?:\?[^#]*)?)(?:#.*)?)");
+
+  std::smatch m;
+  if (!std::regex_match(location, m, re)) { return false; }
+
+  auto scheme = is_ssl() ? "https" : "http";
+
+  auto next_scheme = m[1].str();
+  auto next_host = m[2].str();
+  if (next_host.empty()) { next_host = m[3].str(); }
+  auto port_str = m[4].str();
+  auto next_path = m[5].str();
+
+  auto next_port = port_;
+  if (!port_str.empty()) {
+    next_port = std::stoi(port_str);
+  } else if (!next_scheme.empty()) {
+    next_port = next_scheme == "https" ? 443 : 80;
+  }
+
+  if (next_scheme.empty()) { next_scheme = scheme; }
+  if (next_host.empty()) { next_host = host_; }
+  if (next_path.empty()) { next_path = "/"; }
+
+  if (next_scheme == scheme && next_host == host_ && next_port == port_) {
+    return detail::redirect(*this, req, res, next_path, location, error);
+  } else {
+    if (next_scheme == "https") {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+      SSLClient cli(next_host.c_str(), next_port);
+      cli.copy_settings(*this);
+      if (ca_cert_store_) { cli.set_ca_cert_store(ca_cert_store_); }
+      return detail::redirect(cli, req, res, next_path, location, error);
+#else
+      return false;
+#endif
+    } else {
+      ClientImpl cli(next_host.c_str(), next_port);
+      cli.copy_settings(*this);
+      return detail::redirect(cli, req, res, next_path, location, error);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline bool ClientImpl::write_content_with_provider(Stream &strm,
+                                                    const Request &req,
+                                                    Error &error) {
+  auto is_shutting_down = []() { return false; };
+
+  if (req.is_chunked_content_provider_) {
+    // TODO: Brotli suport
+    std::unique_ptr<detail::compressor> compressor;
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+    if (compress_) {
+      compressor = detail::make_unique<detail::gzip_compressor>();
+    } else
+#endif
+    {
+      compressor = detail::make_unique<detail::nocompressor>();
+    }
+
+    return detail::write_content_chunked(strm, req.content_provider_,
+                                         is_shutting_down, *compressor, error);
+  } else {
+    return detail::write_content(strm, req.content_provider_, 0,
+                                 req.content_length_, is_shutting_down, error);
+  }
+} // namespace httplib
+
+inline bool ClientImpl::write_request(Stream &strm, Request &req,
+                                      bool close_connection, Error &error) {
+  // Prepare additional headers
+  if (close_connection) {
+    if (!req.has_header("Connection")) {
+      req.headers.emplace("Connection", "close");
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!req.has_header("Host")) {
+    if (is_ssl()) {
+      if (port_ == 443) {
+        req.headers.emplace("Host", host_);
+      } else {
+        req.headers.emplace("Host", host_and_port_);
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (port_ == 80) {
+        req.headers.emplace("Host", host_);
+      } else {
+        req.headers.emplace("Host", host_and_port_);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!req.has_header("Accept")) { req.headers.emplace("Accept", "*/*"); }
+
+  if (!req.has_header("User-Agent")) {
+    req.headers.emplace("User-Agent", "cpp-httplib/0.9");
+  }
+
+  if (req.body.empty()) {
+    if (req.content_provider_) {
+      if (!req.is_chunked_content_provider_) {
+        if (!req.has_header("Content-Length")) {
+          auto length = std::to_string(req.content_length_);
+          req.headers.emplace("Content-Length", length);
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (req.method == "POST" || req.method == "PUT" ||
+          req.method == "PATCH") {
+        req.headers.emplace("Content-Length", "0");
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (!req.has_header("Content-Type")) {
+      req.headers.emplace("Content-Type", "text/plain");
+    }
+
+    if (!req.has_header("Content-Length")) {
+      auto length = std::to_string(req.body.size());
+      req.headers.emplace("Content-Length", length);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!basic_auth_password_.empty() || !basic_auth_username_.empty()) {
+    if (!req.has_header("Authorization")) {
+      req.headers.insert(make_basic_authentication_header(
+          basic_auth_username_, basic_auth_password_, false));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!proxy_basic_auth_username_.empty() &&
+      !proxy_basic_auth_password_.empty()) {
+    if (!req.has_header("Proxy-Authorization")) {
+      req.headers.insert(make_basic_authentication_header(
+          proxy_basic_auth_username_, proxy_basic_auth_password_, true));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!bearer_token_auth_token_.empty()) {
+    if (!req.has_header("Authorization")) {
+      req.headers.insert(make_bearer_token_authentication_header(
+          bearer_token_auth_token_, false));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!proxy_bearer_token_auth_token_.empty()) {
+    if (!req.has_header("Proxy-Authorization")) {
+      req.headers.insert(make_bearer_token_authentication_header(
+          proxy_bearer_token_auth_token_, true));
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Request line and headers
+  {
+    detail::BufferStream bstrm;
+
+    const auto &path = url_encode_ ? detail::encode_url(req.path) : req.path;
+    bstrm.write_format("%s %s HTTP/1.1\r\n", req.method.c_str(), path.c_str());
+
+    detail::write_headers(bstrm, req.headers);
+
+    // Flush buffer
+    auto &data = bstrm.get_buffer();
+    if (!detail::write_data(strm, data.data(), data.size())) {
+      error = Error::Write;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Body
+  if (req.body.empty()) {
+    return write_content_with_provider(strm, req, error);
+  }
+
+  return detail::write_data(strm, req.body.data(), req.body.size());
+}
+
+inline std::unique_ptr<Response> ClientImpl::send_with_content_provider(
+    Request &req,
+    // const char *method, const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+    const char *body, size_t content_length, ContentProvider content_provider,
+    ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider_without_length,
+    const char *content_type, Error &error) {
+
+  // Request req;
+  // req.method = method;
+  // req.headers = headers;
+  // req.path = path;
+
+  if (content_type) { req.headers.emplace("Content-Type", content_type); }
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+  if (compress_) { req.headers.emplace("Content-Encoding", "gzip"); }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_ZLIB_SUPPORT
+  if (compress_ && !content_provider_without_length) {
+    // TODO: Brotli support
+    detail::gzip_compressor compressor;
+
+    if (content_provider) {
+      auto ok = true;
+      size_t offset = 0;
+      DataSink data_sink;
+
+      data_sink.write = [&](const char *data, size_t data_len) -> bool {
+        if (ok) {
+          auto last = offset + data_len == content_length;
+
+          auto ret = compressor.compress(
+              data, data_len, last, [&](const char *data, size_t data_len) {
+                req.body.append(data, data_len);
+                return true;
+              });
+
+          if (ret) {
+            offset += data_len;
+          } else {
+            ok = false;
+          }
+        }
+        return ok;
+      };
+
+      data_sink.is_writable = [&](void) { return ok && true; };
+
+      while (ok && offset < content_length) {
+        if (!content_provider(offset, content_length - offset, data_sink)) {
+          error = Error::Canceled;
+          return nullptr;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (!compressor.compress(body, content_length, true,
+                               [&](const char *data, size_t data_len) {
+                                 req.body.append(data, data_len);
+                                 return true;
+                               })) {
+        error = Error::Compression;
+        return nullptr;
+      }
+    }
+  } else
+#endif
+  {
+    if (content_provider) {
+      req.content_length_ = content_length;
+      req.content_provider_ = std::move(content_provider);
+      req.is_chunked_content_provider_ = false;
+    } else if (content_provider_without_length) {
+      req.content_length_ = 0;
+      req.content_provider_ = detail::ContentProviderAdapter(
+          std::move(content_provider_without_length));
+      req.is_chunked_content_provider_ = true;
+      req.headers.emplace("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked");
+    } else {
+      req.body.assign(body, content_length);
+      ;
+    }
+  }
+
+  auto res = detail::make_unique<Response>();
+  return send(req, *res, error) ? std::move(res) : nullptr;
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::send_with_content_provider(
+    const char *method, const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+    const char *body, size_t content_length, ContentProvider content_provider,
+    ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider_without_length,
+    const char *content_type) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = method;
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.path = path;
+
+  auto error = Error::Success;
+
+  auto res = send_with_content_provider(
+      req,
+      // method, path, headers,
+      body, content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+      std::move(content_provider_without_length), content_type, error);
+
+  return Result{std::move(res), error, std::move(req.headers)};
+}
+
+inline std::string
+ClientImpl::adjust_host_string(const std::string &host) const {
+  if (host.find(':') != std::string::npos) { return "[" + host + "]"; }
+  return host;
+}
+
+inline bool ClientImpl::process_request(Stream &strm, Request &req,
+                                        Response &res, bool close_connection,
+                                        Error &error) {
+  // Send request
+  if (!write_request(strm, req, close_connection, error)) { return false; }
+
+  // Receive response and headers
+  if (!read_response_line(strm, req, res) ||
+      !detail::read_headers(strm, res.headers)) {
+    error = Error::Read;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  // Body
+  if ((res.status != 204) && req.method != "HEAD" && req.method != "CONNECT") {
+    auto redirect = 300 < res.status && res.status < 400 && follow_location_;
+
+    if (req.response_handler && !redirect) {
+      if (!req.response_handler(res)) {
+        error = Error::Canceled;
+        return false;
+      }
+    }
+
+    auto out =
+        req.content_receiver
+            ? static_cast<ContentReceiverWithProgress>(
+                  [&](const char *buf, size_t n, uint64_t off, uint64_t len) {
+                    if (redirect) { return true; }
+                    auto ret = req.content_receiver(buf, n, off, len);
+                    if (!ret) { error = Error::Canceled; }
+                    return ret;
+                  })
+            : static_cast<ContentReceiverWithProgress>(
+                  [&](const char *buf, size_t n, uint64_t /*off*/,
+                      uint64_t /*len*/) {
+                    if (res.body.size() + n > res.body.max_size()) {
+                      return false;
+                    }
+                    res.body.append(buf, n);
+                    return true;
+                  });
+
+    auto progress = [&](uint64_t current, uint64_t total) {
+      if (!req.progress || redirect) { return true; }
+      auto ret = req.progress(current, total);
+      if (!ret) { error = Error::Canceled; }
+      return ret;
+    };
+
+    int dummy_status;
+    if (!detail::read_content(strm, res, (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)(),
+                              dummy_status, std::move(progress), std::move(out),
+                              decompress_)) {
+      if (error != Error::Canceled) { error = Error::Read; }
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (res.get_header_value("Connection") == "close" ||
+      (res.version == "HTTP/1.0" && res.reason != "Connection established")) {
+    // TODO this requires a not-entirely-obvious chain of calls to be correct
+    // for this to be safe. Maybe a code refactor (such as moving this out to
+    // the send function and getting rid of the recursiveness of the mutex)
+    // could make this more obvious.
+
+    // This is safe to call because process_request is only called by
+    // handle_request which is only called by send, which locks the request
+    // mutex during the process. It would be a bug to call it from a different
+    // thread since it's a thread-safety issue to do these things to the socket
+    // if another thread is using the socket.
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(socket_mutex_);
+    shutdown_ssl(socket_, true);
+    shutdown_socket(socket_);
+    close_socket(socket_);
+  }
+
+  // Log
+  if (logger_) { logger_(req, res); }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool
+ClientImpl::process_socket(const Socket &socket,
+                           std::function<bool(Stream &strm)> callback) {
+  return detail::process_client_socket(
+      socket.sock, read_timeout_sec_, read_timeout_usec_, write_timeout_sec_,
+      write_timeout_usec_, std::move(callback));
+}
+
+inline bool ClientImpl::is_ssl() const { return false; }
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path) {
+  return Get(path, Headers(), Progress());
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path, Progress progress) {
+  return Get(path, Headers(), std::move(progress));
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers) {
+  return Get(path, headers, Progress());
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                              Progress progress) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "GET";
+  req.path = path;
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.progress = std::move(progress);
+
+  return send_(std::move(req));
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path,
+                              ContentReceiver content_receiver) {
+  return Get(path, Headers(), nullptr, std::move(content_receiver), nullptr);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path,
+                              ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                              Progress progress) {
+  return Get(path, Headers(), nullptr, std::move(content_receiver),
+             std::move(progress));
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                              ContentReceiver content_receiver) {
+  return Get(path, headers, nullptr, std::move(content_receiver), nullptr);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                              ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                              Progress progress) {
+  return Get(path, headers, nullptr, std::move(content_receiver),
+             std::move(progress));
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path,
+                              ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                              ContentReceiver content_receiver) {
+  return Get(path, Headers(), std::move(response_handler),
+             std::move(content_receiver), nullptr);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                              ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                              ContentReceiver content_receiver) {
+  return Get(path, headers, std::move(response_handler),
+             std::move(content_receiver), nullptr);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path,
+                              ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                              ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                              Progress progress) {
+  return Get(path, Headers(), std::move(response_handler),
+             std::move(content_receiver), std::move(progress));
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                              ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                              ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                              Progress progress) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "GET";
+  req.path = path;
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.response_handler = std::move(response_handler);
+  req.content_receiver =
+      [content_receiver](const char *data, size_t data_length,
+                         uint64_t /*offset*/, uint64_t /*total_length*/) {
+        return content_receiver(data, data_length);
+      };
+  req.progress = std::move(progress);
+
+  return send_(std::move(req));
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path, const Params &params,
+                              const Headers &headers, Progress progress) {
+  if (params.empty()) { return Get(path, headers); }
+
+  std::string path_with_query = detail::append_query_params(path, params);
+  return Get(path_with_query.c_str(), headers, progress);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path, const Params &params,
+                              const Headers &headers,
+                              ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                              Progress progress) {
+  return Get(path, params, headers, nullptr, content_receiver, progress);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Get(const char *path, const Params &params,
+                              const Headers &headers,
+                              ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                              ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                              Progress progress) {
+  if (params.empty()) {
+    return Get(path, headers, response_handler, content_receiver, progress);
+  }
+
+  std::string path_with_query = detail::append_query_params(path, params);
+  return Get(path_with_query.c_str(), headers, response_handler,
+             content_receiver, progress);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Head(const char *path) {
+  return Head(path, Headers());
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Head(const char *path, const Headers &headers) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "HEAD";
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.path = path;
+
+  return send_(std::move(req));
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path) {
+  return Post(path, std::string(), nullptr);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path, const char *body,
+                               size_t content_length,
+                               const char *content_type) {
+  return Post(path, Headers(), body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                               const char *body, size_t content_length,
+                               const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("POST", path, headers, body, content_length,
+                                    nullptr, nullptr, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                               const char *content_type) {
+  return Post(path, Headers(), body, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                               const std::string &body,
+                               const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("POST", path, headers, body.data(),
+                                    body.size(), nullptr, nullptr,
+                                    content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path, const Params &params) {
+  return Post(path, Headers(), params);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+                               ContentProvider content_provider,
+                               const char *content_type) {
+  return Post(path, Headers(), content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+              content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path,
+                               ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                               const char *content_type) {
+  return Post(path, Headers(), std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                               size_t content_length,
+                               ContentProvider content_provider,
+                               const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("POST", path, headers, nullptr,
+                                    content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+                                    nullptr, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                               ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                               const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("POST", path, headers, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
+                                    std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                               const Params &params) {
+  auto query = detail::params_to_query_str(params);
+  return Post(path, headers, query, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path,
+                               const MultipartFormDataItems &items) {
+  return Post(path, Headers(), items);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                               const MultipartFormDataItems &items) {
+  return Post(path, headers, items, detail::make_multipart_data_boundary());
+}
+inline Result ClientImpl::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                               const MultipartFormDataItems &items,
+                               const std::string &boundary) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < boundary.size(); i++) {
+    char c = boundary[i];
+    if (!std::isalnum(c) && c != '-' && c != '_') {
+      return Result{nullptr, Error::UnsupportedMultipartBoundaryChars};
+    }
+  }
+
+  std::string body;
+
+  for (const auto &item : items) {
+    body += "--" + boundary + "\r\n";
+    body += "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + item.name + "\"";
+    if (!item.filename.empty()) {
+      body += "; filename=\"" + item.filename + "\"";
+    }
+    body += "\r\n";
+    if (!item.content_type.empty()) {
+      body += "Content-Type: " + item.content_type + "\r\n";
+    }
+    body += "\r\n";
+    body += item.content + "\r\n";
+  }
+
+  body += "--" + boundary + "--\r\n";
+
+  std::string content_type = "multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary;
+  return Post(path, headers, body, content_type.c_str());
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Put(const char *path) {
+  return Put(path, std::string(), nullptr);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Put(const char *path, const char *body,
+                              size_t content_length, const char *content_type) {
+  return Put(path, Headers(), body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                              const char *body, size_t content_length,
+                              const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("PUT", path, headers, body, content_length,
+                                    nullptr, nullptr, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Put(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                              const char *content_type) {
+  return Put(path, Headers(), body, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                              const std::string &body,
+                              const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("PUT", path, headers, body.data(),
+                                    body.size(), nullptr, nullptr,
+                                    content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Put(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+                              ContentProvider content_provider,
+                              const char *content_type) {
+  return Put(path, Headers(), content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+             content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Put(const char *path,
+                              ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                              const char *content_type) {
+  return Put(path, Headers(), std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                              size_t content_length,
+                              ContentProvider content_provider,
+                              const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("PUT", path, headers, nullptr,
+                                    content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+                                    nullptr, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                              ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                              const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("PUT", path, headers, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
+                                    std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Put(const char *path, const Params &params) {
+  return Put(path, Headers(), params);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                              const Params &params) {
+  auto query = detail::params_to_query_str(params);
+  return Put(path, headers, query, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Patch(const char *path) {
+  return Patch(path, std::string(), nullptr);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Patch(const char *path, const char *body,
+                                size_t content_length,
+                                const char *content_type) {
+  return Patch(path, Headers(), body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                const char *body, size_t content_length,
+                                const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("PATCH", path, headers, body,
+                                    content_length, nullptr, nullptr,
+                                    content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Patch(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                                const char *content_type) {
+  return Patch(path, Headers(), body, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                const std::string &body,
+                                const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("PATCH", path, headers, body.data(),
+                                    body.size(), nullptr, nullptr,
+                                    content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Patch(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+                                ContentProvider content_provider,
+                                const char *content_type) {
+  return Patch(path, Headers(), content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+               content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Patch(const char *path,
+                                ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                                const char *content_type) {
+  return Patch(path, Headers(), std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                size_t content_length,
+                                ContentProvider content_provider,
+                                const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("PATCH", path, headers, nullptr,
+                                    content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+                                    nullptr, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                                const char *content_type) {
+  return send_with_content_provider("PATCH", path, headers, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
+                                    std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Delete(const char *path) {
+  return Delete(path, Headers(), std::string(), nullptr);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers) {
+  return Delete(path, headers, std::string(), nullptr);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Delete(const char *path, const char *body,
+                                 size_t content_length,
+                                 const char *content_type) {
+  return Delete(path, Headers(), body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                 const char *body, size_t content_length,
+                                 const char *content_type) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "DELETE";
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.path = path;
+
+  if (content_type) { req.headers.emplace("Content-Type", content_type); }
+  req.body.assign(body, content_length);
+
+  return send_(std::move(req));
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Delete(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                                 const char *content_type) {
+  return Delete(path, Headers(), body.data(), body.size(), content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                                 const std::string &body,
+                                 const char *content_type) {
+  return Delete(path, headers, body.data(), body.size(), content_type);
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Options(const char *path) {
+  return Options(path, Headers());
+}
+
+inline Result ClientImpl::Options(const char *path, const Headers &headers) {
+  Request req;
+  req.method = "OPTIONS";
+  req.headers = headers;
+  req.path = path;
+
+  return send_(std::move(req));
+}
+
+inline size_t ClientImpl::is_socket_open() const {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(socket_mutex_);
+  return socket_.is_open();
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::stop() {
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(socket_mutex_);
+
+  // If there is anything ongoing right now, the ONLY thread-safe thing we can
+  // do is to shutdown_socket, so that threads using this socket suddenly
+  // discover they can't read/write any more and error out. Everything else
+  // (closing the socket, shutting ssl down) is unsafe because these actions are
+  // not thread-safe.
+  if (socket_requests_in_flight_ > 0) {
+    shutdown_socket(socket_);
+
+    // Aside from that, we set a flag for the socket to be closed when we're
+    // done.
+    socket_should_be_closed_when_request_is_done_ = true;
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, sitll holding the mutex, we can shut everything down ourselves
+  shutdown_ssl(socket_, true);
+  shutdown_socket(socket_);
+  close_socket(socket_);
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_connection_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+  connection_timeout_sec_ = sec;
+  connection_timeout_usec_ = usec;
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_read_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+  read_timeout_sec_ = sec;
+  read_timeout_usec_ = usec;
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_write_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+  write_timeout_sec_ = sec;
+  write_timeout_usec_ = usec;
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_basic_auth(const char *username,
+                                       const char *password) {
+  basic_auth_username_ = username;
+  basic_auth_password_ = password;
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_bearer_token_auth(const char *token) {
+  bearer_token_auth_token_ = token;
+}
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+inline void ClientImpl::set_digest_auth(const char *username,
+                                        const char *password) {
+  digest_auth_username_ = username;
+  digest_auth_password_ = password;
+}
+#endif
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_keep_alive(bool on) { keep_alive_ = on; }
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_follow_location(bool on) { follow_location_ = on; }
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_url_encode(bool on) { url_encode_ = on; }
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_default_headers(Headers headers) {
+  default_headers_ = std::move(headers);
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_address_family(int family) {
+  address_family_ = family;
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_tcp_nodelay(bool on) { tcp_nodelay_ = on; }
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_socket_options(SocketOptions socket_options) {
+  socket_options_ = std::move(socket_options);
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_compress(bool on) { compress_ = on; }
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_decompress(bool on) { decompress_ = on; }
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_interface(const char *intf) { interface_ = intf; }
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_proxy(const char *host, int port) {
+  proxy_host_ = host;
+  proxy_port_ = port;
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_proxy_basic_auth(const char *username,
+                                             const char *password) {
+  proxy_basic_auth_username_ = username;
+  proxy_basic_auth_password_ = password;
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_proxy_bearer_token_auth(const char *token) {
+  proxy_bearer_token_auth_token_ = token;
+}
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+inline void ClientImpl::set_proxy_digest_auth(const char *username,
+                                              const char *password) {
+  proxy_digest_auth_username_ = username;
+  proxy_digest_auth_password_ = password;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+inline void ClientImpl::set_ca_cert_path(const char *ca_cert_file_path,
+                                         const char *ca_cert_dir_path) {
+  if (ca_cert_file_path) { ca_cert_file_path_ = ca_cert_file_path; }
+  if (ca_cert_dir_path) { ca_cert_dir_path_ = ca_cert_dir_path; }
+}
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_ca_cert_store(X509_STORE *ca_cert_store) {
+  if (ca_cert_store && ca_cert_store != ca_cert_store_) {
+    ca_cert_store_ = ca_cert_store;
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+inline void ClientImpl::enable_server_certificate_verification(bool enabled) {
+  server_certificate_verification_ = enabled;
+}
+#endif
+
+inline void ClientImpl::set_logger(Logger logger) {
+  logger_ = std::move(logger);
+}
+
+/*
+ * SSL Implementation
+ */
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename U, typename V>
+inline SSL *ssl_new(socket_t sock, SSL_CTX *ctx, std::mutex &ctx_mutex,
+                    U SSL_connect_or_accept, V setup) {
+  SSL *ssl = nullptr;
+  {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(ctx_mutex);
+    ssl = SSL_new(ctx);
+  }
+
+  if (ssl) {
+    set_nonblocking(sock, true);
+    auto bio = BIO_new_socket(static_cast<int>(sock), BIO_NOCLOSE);
+    BIO_set_nbio(bio, 1);
+    SSL_set_bio(ssl, bio, bio);
+
+    if (!setup(ssl) || SSL_connect_or_accept(ssl) != 1) {
+      SSL_shutdown(ssl);
+      {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(ctx_mutex);
+        SSL_free(ssl);
+      }
+      set_nonblocking(sock, false);
+      return nullptr;
+    }
+    BIO_set_nbio(bio, 0);
+    set_nonblocking(sock, false);
+  }
+
+  return ssl;
+}
+
+inline void ssl_delete(std::mutex &ctx_mutex, SSL *ssl,
+                       bool shutdown_gracefully) {
+  // sometimes we may want to skip this to try to avoid SIGPIPE if we know
+  // the remote has closed the network connection
+  // Note that it is not always possible to avoid SIGPIPE, this is merely a
+  // best-efforts.
+  if (shutdown_gracefully) { SSL_shutdown(ssl); }
+
+  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(ctx_mutex);
+  SSL_free(ssl);
+}
+
+template <typename U>
+bool ssl_connect_or_accept_nonblocking(socket_t sock, SSL *ssl,
+                                       U ssl_connect_or_accept,
+                                       time_t timeout_sec,
+                                       time_t timeout_usec) {
+  int res = 0;
+  while ((res = ssl_connect_or_accept(ssl)) != 1) {
+    auto err = SSL_get_error(ssl, res);
+    switch (err) {
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ:
+      if (select_read(sock, timeout_sec, timeout_usec) > 0) { continue; }
+      break;
+    case SSL_ERROR_WANT_WRITE:
+      if (select_write(sock, timeout_sec, timeout_usec) > 0) { continue; }
+      break;
+    default: break;
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool
+process_server_socket_ssl(SSL *ssl, socket_t sock, size_t keep_alive_max_count,
+                          time_t keep_alive_timeout_sec,
+                          time_t read_timeout_sec, time_t read_timeout_usec,
+                          time_t write_timeout_sec, time_t write_timeout_usec,
+                          T callback) {
+  return process_server_socket_core(
+      sock, keep_alive_max_count, keep_alive_timeout_sec,
+      [&](bool close_connection, bool &connection_closed) {
+        SSLSocketStream strm(sock, ssl, read_timeout_sec, read_timeout_usec,
+                             write_timeout_sec, write_timeout_usec);
+        return callback(strm, close_connection, connection_closed);
+      });
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline bool
+process_client_socket_ssl(SSL *ssl, socket_t sock, time_t read_timeout_sec,
+                          time_t read_timeout_usec, time_t write_timeout_sec,
+                          time_t write_timeout_usec, T callback) {
+  SSLSocketStream strm(sock, ssl, read_timeout_sec, read_timeout_usec,
+                       write_timeout_sec, write_timeout_usec);
+  return callback(strm);
+}
+
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000L
+static std::shared_ptr<std::vector<std::mutex>> openSSL_locks_;
+
+class SSLThreadLocks {
+public:
+  SSLThreadLocks() {
+    openSSL_locks_ =
+        std::make_shared<std::vector<std::mutex>>(CRYPTO_num_locks());
+    CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(locking_callback);
+  }
+
+  ~SSLThreadLocks() { CRYPTO_set_locking_callback(nullptr); }
+
+private:
+  static void locking_callback(int mode, int type, const char * /*file*/,
+                               int /*line*/) {
+    auto &lk = (*openSSL_locks_)[static_cast<size_t>(type)];
+    if (mode & CRYPTO_LOCK) {
+      lk.lock();
+    } else {
+      lk.unlock();
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+#endif
+
+class SSLInit {
+public:
+  SSLInit() {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x1010001fL
+    SSL_load_error_strings();
+    SSL_library_init();
+#else
+    OPENSSL_init_ssl(
+        OPENSSL_INIT_LOAD_SSL_STRINGS | OPENSSL_INIT_LOAD_CRYPTO_STRINGS, NULL);
+#endif
+  }
+
+  ~SSLInit() {
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x1010001fL
+    ERR_free_strings();
+#endif
+  }
+
+private:
+#if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x10100000L
+  SSLThreadLocks thread_init_;
+#endif
+};
+
+// SSL socket stream implementation
+inline SSLSocketStream::SSLSocketStream(socket_t sock, SSL *ssl,
+                                        time_t read_timeout_sec,
+                                        time_t read_timeout_usec,
+                                        time_t write_timeout_sec,
+                                        time_t write_timeout_usec)
+    : sock_(sock), ssl_(ssl), read_timeout_sec_(read_timeout_sec),
+      read_timeout_usec_(read_timeout_usec),
+      write_timeout_sec_(write_timeout_sec),
+      write_timeout_usec_(write_timeout_usec) {
+  SSL_clear_mode(ssl, SSL_MODE_AUTO_RETRY);
+}
+
+inline SSLSocketStream::~SSLSocketStream() {}
+
+inline bool SSLSocketStream::is_readable() const {
+  return detail::select_read(sock_, read_timeout_sec_, read_timeout_usec_) > 0;
+}
+
+inline bool SSLSocketStream::is_writable() const {
+  return detail::select_write(sock_, write_timeout_sec_, write_timeout_usec_) >
+         0;
+}
+
+inline ssize_t SSLSocketStream::read(char *ptr, size_t size) {
+  if (SSL_pending(ssl_) > 0) {
+    return SSL_read(ssl_, ptr, static_cast<int>(size));
+  } else if (is_readable()) {
+    auto ret = SSL_read(ssl_, ptr, static_cast<int>(size));
+    if (ret < 0) {
+      auto err = SSL_get_error(ssl_, ret);
+      int n = 1000;
+#ifdef _WIN32
+      while (--n >= 0 &&
+             (err == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ ||
+              err == SSL_ERROR_SYSCALL && WSAGetLastError() == WSAETIMEDOUT)) {
+#else
+      while (--n >= 0 && err == SSL_ERROR_WANT_READ) {
+#endif
+        if (SSL_pending(ssl_) > 0) {
+          return SSL_read(ssl_, ptr, static_cast<int>(size));
+        } else if (is_readable()) {
+          std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+          ret = SSL_read(ssl_, ptr, static_cast<int>(size));
+          if (ret >= 0) { return ret; }
+          err = SSL_get_error(ssl_, ret);
+        } else {
+          return -1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+inline ssize_t SSLSocketStream::write(const char *ptr, size_t size) {
+  if (is_writable()) { return SSL_write(ssl_, ptr, static_cast<int>(size)); }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+inline void SSLSocketStream::get_remote_ip_and_port(std::string &ip,
+                                                    int &port) const {
+  detail::get_remote_ip_and_port(sock_, ip, port);
+}
+
+inline socket_t SSLSocketStream::socket() const { return sock_; }
+
+static SSLInit sslinit_;
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+// SSL HTTP server implementation
+inline SSLServer::SSLServer(const char *cert_path, const char *private_key_path,
+                            const char *client_ca_cert_file_path,
+                            const char *client_ca_cert_dir_path) {
+  ctx_ = SSL_CTX_new(TLS_method());
+
+  if (ctx_) {
+    SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx_,
+                        SSL_OP_ALL | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 |
+                            SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION |
+                            SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION);
+
+    // auto ecdh = EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name(NID_X9_62_prime256v1);
+    // SSL_CTX_set_tmp_ecdh(ctx_, ecdh);
+    // EC_KEY_free(ecdh);
+
+    if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_chain_file(ctx_, cert_path) != 1 ||
+        SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ctx_, private_key_path, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) !=
+            1) {
+      SSL_CTX_free(ctx_);
+      ctx_ = nullptr;
+    } else if (client_ca_cert_file_path || client_ca_cert_dir_path) {
+      // if (client_ca_cert_file_path) {
+      //   auto list = SSL_load_client_CA_file(client_ca_cert_file_path);
+      //   SSL_CTX_set_client_CA_list(ctx_, list);
+      // }
+
+      SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx_, client_ca_cert_file_path,
+                                    client_ca_cert_dir_path);
+
+      SSL_CTX_set_verify(
+          ctx_,
+          SSL_VERIFY_PEER |
+              SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT, // SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE,
+          nullptr);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline SSLServer::SSLServer(X509 *cert, EVP_PKEY *private_key,
+                            X509_STORE *client_ca_cert_store) {
+  ctx_ = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_server_method());
+
+  if (ctx_) {
+    SSL_CTX_set_options(ctx_,
+                        SSL_OP_ALL | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv2 | SSL_OP_NO_SSLv3 |
+                            SSL_OP_NO_COMPRESSION |
+                            SSL_OP_NO_SESSION_RESUMPTION_ON_RENEGOTIATION);
+
+    if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate(ctx_, cert) != 1 ||
+        SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(ctx_, private_key) != 1) {
+      SSL_CTX_free(ctx_);
+      ctx_ = nullptr;
+    } else if (client_ca_cert_store) {
+
+      SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(ctx_, client_ca_cert_store);
+
+      SSL_CTX_set_verify(
+          ctx_,
+          SSL_VERIFY_PEER |
+              SSL_VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT, // SSL_VERIFY_CLIENT_ONCE,
+          nullptr);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline SSLServer::~SSLServer() {
+  if (ctx_) { SSL_CTX_free(ctx_); }
+}
+
+inline bool SSLServer::is_valid() const { return ctx_; }
+
+inline bool SSLServer::process_and_close_socket(socket_t sock) {
+  auto ssl = detail::ssl_new(
+      sock, ctx_, ctx_mutex_,
+      [&](SSL *ssl) {
+        return detail::ssl_connect_or_accept_nonblocking(
+            sock, ssl, SSL_accept, read_timeout_sec_, read_timeout_usec_);
+      },
+      [](SSL * /*ssl*/) { return true; });
+
+  bool ret = false;
+  if (ssl) {
+    ret = detail::process_server_socket_ssl(
+        ssl, sock, keep_alive_max_count_, keep_alive_timeout_sec_,
+        read_timeout_sec_, read_timeout_usec_, write_timeout_sec_,
+        write_timeout_usec_,
+        [this, ssl](Stream &strm, bool close_connection,
+                    bool &connection_closed) {
+          return process_request(strm, close_connection, connection_closed,
+                                 [&](Request &req) { req.ssl = ssl; });
+        });
+
+    // Shutdown gracefully if the result seemed successful, non-gracefully if
+    // the connection appeared to be closed.
+    const bool shutdown_gracefully = ret;
+    detail::ssl_delete(ctx_mutex_, ssl, shutdown_gracefully);
+  }
+
+  detail::shutdown_socket(sock);
+  detail::close_socket(sock);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+// SSL HTTP client implementation
+inline SSLClient::SSLClient(const std::string &host)
+    : SSLClient(host, 443, std::string(), std::string()) {}
+
+inline SSLClient::SSLClient(const std::string &host, int port)
+    : SSLClient(host, port, std::string(), std::string()) {}
+
+inline SSLClient::SSLClient(const std::string &host, int port,
+                            const std::string &client_cert_path,
+                            const std::string &client_key_path)
+    : ClientImpl(host, port, client_cert_path, client_key_path) {
+  ctx_ = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_client_method());
+
+  detail::split(&host_[0], &host_[host_.size()], '.',
+                [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
+                  host_components_.emplace_back(std::string(b, e));
+                });
+  if (!client_cert_path.empty() && !client_key_path.empty()) {
+    if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file(ctx_, client_cert_path.c_str(),
+                                     SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1 ||
+        SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(ctx_, client_key_path.c_str(),
+                                    SSL_FILETYPE_PEM) != 1) {
+      SSL_CTX_free(ctx_);
+      ctx_ = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline SSLClient::SSLClient(const std::string &host, int port,
+                            X509 *client_cert, EVP_PKEY *client_key)
+    : ClientImpl(host, port) {
+  ctx_ = SSL_CTX_new(SSLv23_client_method());
+
+  detail::split(&host_[0], &host_[host_.size()], '.',
+                [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
+                  host_components_.emplace_back(std::string(b, e));
+                });
+  if (client_cert != nullptr && client_key != nullptr) {
+    if (SSL_CTX_use_certificate(ctx_, client_cert) != 1 ||
+        SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey(ctx_, client_key) != 1) {
+      SSL_CTX_free(ctx_);
+      ctx_ = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline SSLClient::~SSLClient() {
+  if (ctx_) { SSL_CTX_free(ctx_); }
+  // Make sure to shut down SSL since shutdown_ssl will resolve to the
+  // base function rather than the derived function once we get to the
+  // base class destructor, and won't free the SSL (causing a leak).
+  shutdown_ssl_impl(socket_, true);
+}
+
+inline bool SSLClient::is_valid() const { return ctx_; }
+
+inline void SSLClient::set_ca_cert_store(X509_STORE *ca_cert_store) {
+  if (ca_cert_store) {
+    if (ctx_) {
+      if (SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(ctx_) != ca_cert_store) {
+        // Free memory allocated for old cert and use new store `ca_cert_store`
+        SSL_CTX_set_cert_store(ctx_, ca_cert_store);
+      }
+    } else {
+      X509_STORE_free(ca_cert_store);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+inline long SSLClient::get_openssl_verify_result() const {
+  return verify_result_;
+}
+
+inline SSL_CTX *SSLClient::ssl_context() const { return ctx_; }
+
+inline bool SSLClient::create_and_connect_socket(Socket &socket, Error &error) {
+  return is_valid() && ClientImpl::create_and_connect_socket(socket, error);
+}
+
+// Assumes that socket_mutex_ is locked and that there are no requests in flight
+inline bool SSLClient::connect_with_proxy(Socket &socket, Response &res,
+                                          bool &success, Error &error) {
+  success = true;
+  Response res2;
+  if (!detail::process_client_socket(
+          socket.sock, read_timeout_sec_, read_timeout_usec_,
+          write_timeout_sec_, write_timeout_usec_, [&](Stream &strm) {
+            Request req2;
+            req2.method = "CONNECT";
+            req2.path = host_and_port_;
+            return process_request(strm, req2, res2, false, error);
+          })) {
+    // Thread-safe to close everything because we are assuming there are no
+    // requests in flight
+    shutdown_ssl(socket, true);
+    shutdown_socket(socket);
+    close_socket(socket);
+    success = false;
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (res2.status == 407) {
+    if (!proxy_digest_auth_username_.empty() &&
+        !proxy_digest_auth_password_.empty()) {
+      std::map<std::string, std::string> auth;
+      if (detail::parse_www_authenticate(res2, auth, true)) {
+        Response res3;
+        if (!detail::process_client_socket(
+                socket.sock, read_timeout_sec_, read_timeout_usec_,
+                write_timeout_sec_, write_timeout_usec_, [&](Stream &strm) {
+                  Request req3;
+                  req3.method = "CONNECT";
+                  req3.path = host_and_port_;
+                  req3.headers.insert(detail::make_digest_authentication_header(
+                      req3, auth, 1, detail::random_string(10),
+                      proxy_digest_auth_username_, proxy_digest_auth_password_,
+                      true));
+                  return process_request(strm, req3, res3, false, error);
+                })) {
+          // Thread-safe to close everything because we are assuming there are
+          // no requests in flight
+          shutdown_ssl(socket, true);
+          shutdown_socket(socket);
+          close_socket(socket);
+          success = false;
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      res = res2;
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+inline bool SSLClient::load_certs() {
+  bool ret = true;
+
+  std::call_once(initialize_cert_, [&]() {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(ctx_mutex_);
+    if (!ca_cert_file_path_.empty()) {
+      if (!SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx_, ca_cert_file_path_.c_str(),
+                                         nullptr)) {
+        ret = false;
+      }
+    } else if (!ca_cert_dir_path_.empty()) {
+      if (!SSL_CTX_load_verify_locations(ctx_, nullptr,
+                                         ca_cert_dir_path_.c_str())) {
+        ret = false;
+      }
+    } else {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+      detail::load_system_certs_on_windows(SSL_CTX_get_cert_store(ctx_));
+#else
+      SSL_CTX_set_default_verify_paths(ctx_);
+#endif
+    }
+  });
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+inline bool SSLClient::initialize_ssl(Socket &socket, Error &error) {
+  auto ssl = detail::ssl_new(
+      socket.sock, ctx_, ctx_mutex_,
+      [&](SSL *ssl) {
+        if (server_certificate_verification_) {
+          if (!load_certs()) {
+            error = Error::SSLLoadingCerts;
+            return false;
+          }
+          SSL_set_verify(ssl, SSL_VERIFY_NONE, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        if (!detail::ssl_connect_or_accept_nonblocking(
+                socket.sock, ssl, SSL_connect, connection_timeout_sec_,
+                connection_timeout_usec_)) {
+          error = Error::SSLConnection;
+          return false;
+        }
+
+        if (server_certificate_verification_) {
+          verify_result_ = SSL_get_verify_result(ssl);
+
+          if (verify_result_ != X509_V_OK) {
+            error = Error::SSLServerVerification;
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          auto server_cert = SSL_get_peer_certificate(ssl);
+
+          if (server_cert == nullptr) {
+            error = Error::SSLServerVerification;
+            return false;
+          }
+
+          if (!verify_host(server_cert)) {
+            X509_free(server_cert);
+            error = Error::SSLServerVerification;
+            return false;
+          }
+          X509_free(server_cert);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+      },
+      [&](SSL *ssl) {
+        SSL_set_tlsext_host_name(ssl, host_.c_str());
+        return true;
+      });
+
+  if (ssl) {
+    socket.ssl = ssl;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  shutdown_socket(socket);
+  close_socket(socket);
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline void SSLClient::shutdown_ssl(Socket &socket, bool shutdown_gracefully) {
+  shutdown_ssl_impl(socket, shutdown_gracefully);
+}
+
+inline void SSLClient::shutdown_ssl_impl(Socket &socket,
+                                         bool shutdown_gracefully) {
+  if (socket.sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+    assert(socket.ssl == nullptr);
+    return;
+  }
+  if (socket.ssl) {
+    detail::ssl_delete(ctx_mutex_, socket.ssl, shutdown_gracefully);
+    socket.ssl = nullptr;
+  }
+  assert(socket.ssl == nullptr);
+}
+
+inline bool
+SSLClient::process_socket(const Socket &socket,
+                          std::function<bool(Stream &strm)> callback) {
+  assert(socket.ssl);
+  return detail::process_client_socket_ssl(
+      socket.ssl, socket.sock, read_timeout_sec_, read_timeout_usec_,
+      write_timeout_sec_, write_timeout_usec_, std::move(callback));
+}
+
+inline bool SSLClient::is_ssl() const { return true; }
+
+inline bool SSLClient::verify_host(X509 *server_cert) const {
+  /* Quote from RFC2818 section 3.1 "Server Identity"
+
+     If a subjectAltName extension of type dNSName is present, that MUST
+     be used as the identity. Otherwise, the (most specific) Common Name
+     field in the Subject field of the certificate MUST be used. Although
+     the use of the Common Name is existing practice, it is deprecated and
+     Certification Authorities are encouraged to use the dNSName instead.
+
+     Matching is performed using the matching rules specified by
+     [RFC2459].  If more than one identity of a given type is present in
+     the certificate (e.g., more than one dNSName name, a match in any one
+     of the set is considered acceptable.) Names may contain the wildcard
+     character * which is considered to match any single domain name
+     component or component fragment. E.g., *.a.com matches foo.a.com but
+     not bar.foo.a.com. f*.com matches foo.com but not bar.com.
+
+     In some cases, the URI is specified as an IP address rather than a
+     hostname. In this case, the iPAddress subjectAltName must be present
+     in the certificate and must exactly match the IP in the URI.
+
+  */
+  return verify_host_with_subject_alt_name(server_cert) ||
+         verify_host_with_common_name(server_cert);
+}
+
+inline bool
+SSLClient::verify_host_with_subject_alt_name(X509 *server_cert) const {
+  auto ret = false;
+
+  auto type = GEN_DNS;
+
+  struct in6_addr addr6;
+  struct in_addr addr;
+  size_t addr_len = 0;
+
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
+  if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, host_.c_str(), &addr6)) {
+    type = GEN_IPADD;
+    addr_len = sizeof(struct in6_addr);
+  } else if (inet_pton(AF_INET, host_.c_str(), &addr)) {
+    type = GEN_IPADD;
+    addr_len = sizeof(struct in_addr);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  auto alt_names = static_cast<const struct stack_st_GENERAL_NAME *>(
+      X509_get_ext_d2i(server_cert, NID_subject_alt_name, nullptr, nullptr));
+
+  if (alt_names) {
+    auto dsn_matched = false;
+    auto ip_mached = false;
+
+    auto count = sk_GENERAL_NAME_num(alt_names);
+
+    for (decltype(count) i = 0; i < count && !dsn_matched; i++) {
+      auto val = sk_GENERAL_NAME_value(alt_names, i);
+      if (val->type == type) {
+        auto name = (const char *)ASN1_STRING_get0_data(val->d.ia5);
+        auto name_len = (size_t)ASN1_STRING_length(val->d.ia5);
+
+        switch (type) {
+        case GEN_DNS: dsn_matched = check_host_name(name, name_len); break;
+
+        case GEN_IPADD:
+          if (!memcmp(&addr6, name, addr_len) ||
+              !memcmp(&addr, name, addr_len)) {
+            ip_mached = true;
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (dsn_matched || ip_mached) { ret = true; }
+  }
+
+  GENERAL_NAMES_free((STACK_OF(GENERAL_NAME) *)alt_names);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+inline bool SSLClient::verify_host_with_common_name(X509 *server_cert) const {
+  const auto subject_name = X509_get_subject_name(server_cert);
+
+  if (subject_name != nullptr) {
+    char name[BUFSIZ];
+    auto name_len = X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID(subject_name, NID_commonName,
+                                              name, sizeof(name));
+
+    if (name_len != -1) {
+      return check_host_name(name, static_cast<size_t>(name_len));
+    }
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+inline bool SSLClient::check_host_name(const char *pattern,
+                                       size_t pattern_len) const {
+  if (host_.size() == pattern_len && host_ == pattern) { return true; }
+
+  // Wildcard match
+  // https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/firefox-3.0/+bug/376484
+  std::vector<std::string> pattern_components;
+  detail::split(&pattern[0], &pattern[pattern_len], '.',
+                [&](const char *b, const char *e) {
+                  pattern_components.emplace_back(std::string(b, e));
+                });
+
+  if (host_components_.size() != pattern_components.size()) { return false; }
+
+  auto itr = pattern_components.begin();
+  for (const auto &h : host_components_) {
+    auto &p = *itr;
+    if (p != h && p != "*") {
+      auto partial_match = (p.size() > 0 && p[p.size() - 1] == '*' &&
+                            !p.compare(0, p.size() - 1, h));
+      if (!partial_match) { return false; }
+    }
+    ++itr;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+#endif
+
+// Universal client implementation
+inline Client::Client(const std::string &scheme_host_port)
+    : Client(scheme_host_port, std::string(), std::string()) {}
+
+inline Client::Client(const std::string &scheme_host_port,
+                      const std::string &client_cert_path,
+                      const std::string &client_key_path) {
+  const static std::regex re(
+      R"((?:([a-z]+):\/\/)?(?:\[([\d:]+)\]|([^:/?#]+))(?::(\d+))?)");
+
+  std::smatch m;
+  if (std::regex_match(scheme_host_port, m, re)) {
+    auto scheme = m[1].str();
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+    if (!scheme.empty() && (scheme != "http" && scheme != "https")) {
+#else
+    if (!scheme.empty() && scheme != "http") {
+#endif
+      std::string msg = "'" + scheme + "' scheme is not supported.";
+      throw std::invalid_argument(msg);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    auto is_ssl = scheme == "https";
+
+    auto host = m[2].str();
+    if (host.empty()) { host = m[3].str(); }
+
+    auto port_str = m[4].str();
+    auto port = !port_str.empty() ? std::stoi(port_str) : (is_ssl ? 443 : 80);
+
+    if (is_ssl) {
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+      cli_ = detail::make_unique<SSLClient>(host.c_str(), port,
+                                            client_cert_path, client_key_path);
+      is_ssl_ = is_ssl;
+#endif
+    } else {
+      cli_ = detail::make_unique<ClientImpl>(host.c_str(), port,
+                                             client_cert_path, client_key_path);
+    }
+  } else {
+    cli_ = detail::make_unique<ClientImpl>(scheme_host_port, 80,
+                                           client_cert_path, client_key_path);
+  }
+}
+
+inline Client::Client(const std::string &host, int port)
+    : cli_(detail::make_unique<ClientImpl>(host, port)) {}
+
+inline Client::Client(const std::string &host, int port,
+                      const std::string &client_cert_path,
+                      const std::string &client_key_path)
+    : cli_(detail::make_unique<ClientImpl>(host, port, client_cert_path,
+                                           client_key_path)) {}
+
+inline Client::~Client() {}
+
+inline bool Client::is_valid() const {
+  return cli_ != nullptr && cli_->is_valid();
+}
+
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path) { return cli_->Get(path); }
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, headers);
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, Progress progress) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, std::move(progress));
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                          Progress progress) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, headers, std::move(progress));
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, ContentReceiver content_receiver) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, std::move(content_receiver));
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                          ContentReceiver content_receiver) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, headers, std::move(content_receiver));
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, ContentReceiver content_receiver,
+                          Progress progress) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, std::move(content_receiver), std::move(progress));
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                          ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, headers, std::move(content_receiver),
+                   std::move(progress));
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                          ContentReceiver content_receiver) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, std::move(response_handler),
+                   std::move(content_receiver));
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                          ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                          ContentReceiver content_receiver) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, headers, std::move(response_handler),
+                   std::move(content_receiver));
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                          ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, std::move(response_handler),
+                   std::move(content_receiver), std::move(progress));
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                          ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                          ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, headers, std::move(response_handler),
+                   std::move(content_receiver), std::move(progress));
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, const Params &params,
+                          const Headers &headers, Progress progress) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, params, headers, progress);
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, const Params &params,
+                          const Headers &headers,
+                          ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, params, headers, content_receiver, progress);
+}
+inline Result Client::Get(const char *path, const Params &params,
+                          const Headers &headers,
+                          ResponseHandler response_handler,
+                          ContentReceiver content_receiver, Progress progress) {
+  return cli_->Get(path, params, headers, response_handler, content_receiver,
+                   progress);
+}
+
+inline Result Client::Head(const char *path) { return cli_->Head(path); }
+inline Result Client::Head(const char *path, const Headers &headers) {
+  return cli_->Head(path, headers);
+}
+
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path) { return cli_->Post(path); }
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path, const char *body,
+                           size_t content_length, const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                           const char *body, size_t content_length,
+                           const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, headers, body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                           const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, body, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                           const std::string &body, const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, headers, body, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+                           ContentProvider content_provider,
+                           const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+                    content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path,
+                           ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                           const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                           size_t content_length,
+                           ContentProvider content_provider,
+                           const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, headers, content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+                    content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                           ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                           const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, headers, std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path, const Params &params) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, params);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                           const Params &params) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, headers, params);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path,
+                           const MultipartFormDataItems &items) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, items);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                           const MultipartFormDataItems &items) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, headers, items);
+}
+inline Result Client::Post(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                           const MultipartFormDataItems &items,
+                           const std::string &boundary) {
+  return cli_->Post(path, headers, items, boundary);
+}
+inline Result Client::Put(const char *path) { return cli_->Put(path); }
+inline Result Client::Put(const char *path, const char *body,
+                          size_t content_length, const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Put(path, body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                          const char *body, size_t content_length,
+                          const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Put(path, headers, body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Put(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                          const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Put(path, body, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                          const std::string &body, const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Put(path, headers, body, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Put(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+                          ContentProvider content_provider,
+                          const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Put(path, content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+                   content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Put(const char *path,
+                          ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                          const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Put(path, std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                          size_t content_length,
+                          ContentProvider content_provider,
+                          const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Put(path, headers, content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+                   content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                          ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                          const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Put(path, headers, std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Put(const char *path, const Params &params) {
+  return cli_->Put(path, params);
+}
+inline Result Client::Put(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                          const Params &params) {
+  return cli_->Put(path, headers, params);
+}
+inline Result Client::Patch(const char *path) { return cli_->Patch(path); }
+inline Result Client::Patch(const char *path, const char *body,
+                            size_t content_length, const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Patch(path, body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                            const char *body, size_t content_length,
+                            const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Patch(path, headers, body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Patch(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                            const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Patch(path, body, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                            const std::string &body, const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Patch(path, headers, body, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Patch(const char *path, size_t content_length,
+                            ContentProvider content_provider,
+                            const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Patch(path, content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+                     content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Patch(const char *path,
+                            ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                            const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Patch(path, std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                            size_t content_length,
+                            ContentProvider content_provider,
+                            const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Patch(path, headers, content_length, std::move(content_provider),
+                     content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Patch(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                            ContentProviderWithoutLength content_provider,
+                            const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Patch(path, headers, std::move(content_provider), content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Delete(const char *path) { return cli_->Delete(path); }
+inline Result Client::Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers) {
+  return cli_->Delete(path, headers);
+}
+inline Result Client::Delete(const char *path, const char *body,
+                             size_t content_length, const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Delete(path, body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                             const char *body, size_t content_length,
+                             const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Delete(path, headers, body, content_length, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Delete(const char *path, const std::string &body,
+                             const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Delete(path, body, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Delete(const char *path, const Headers &headers,
+                             const std::string &body,
+                             const char *content_type) {
+  return cli_->Delete(path, headers, body, content_type);
+}
+inline Result Client::Options(const char *path) { return cli_->Options(path); }
+inline Result Client::Options(const char *path, const Headers &headers) {
+  return cli_->Options(path, headers);
+}
+
+inline bool Client::send(Request &req, Response &res, Error &error) {
+  return cli_->send(req, res, error);
+}
+
+inline Result Client::send(const Request &req) { return cli_->send(req); }
+
+inline size_t Client::is_socket_open() const { return cli_->is_socket_open(); }
+
+inline void Client::stop() { cli_->stop(); }
+
+inline void Client::set_default_headers(Headers headers) {
+  cli_->set_default_headers(std::move(headers));
+}
+
+inline void Client::set_address_family(int family) {
+  cli_->set_address_family(family);
+}
+
+inline void Client::set_tcp_nodelay(bool on) { cli_->set_tcp_nodelay(on); }
+
+inline void Client::set_socket_options(SocketOptions socket_options) {
+  cli_->set_socket_options(std::move(socket_options));
+}
+
+inline void Client::set_connection_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+  cli_->set_connection_timeout(sec, usec);
+}
+
+inline void Client::set_read_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+  cli_->set_read_timeout(sec, usec);
+}
+
+inline void Client::set_write_timeout(time_t sec, time_t usec) {
+  cli_->set_write_timeout(sec, usec);
+}
+
+inline void Client::set_basic_auth(const char *username, const char *password) {
+  cli_->set_basic_auth(username, password);
+}
+inline void Client::set_bearer_token_auth(const char *token) {
+  cli_->set_bearer_token_auth(token);
+}
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+inline void Client::set_digest_auth(const char *username,
+                                    const char *password) {
+  cli_->set_digest_auth(username, password);
+}
+#endif
+
+inline void Client::set_keep_alive(bool on) { cli_->set_keep_alive(on); }
+inline void Client::set_follow_location(bool on) {
+  cli_->set_follow_location(on);
+}
+
+inline void Client::set_url_encode(bool on) { cli_->set_url_encode(on); }
+
+inline void Client::set_compress(bool on) { cli_->set_compress(on); }
+
+inline void Client::set_decompress(bool on) { cli_->set_decompress(on); }
+
+inline void Client::set_interface(const char *intf) {
+  cli_->set_interface(intf);
+}
+
+inline void Client::set_proxy(const char *host, int port) {
+  cli_->set_proxy(host, port);
+}
+inline void Client::set_proxy_basic_auth(const char *username,
+                                         const char *password) {
+  cli_->set_proxy_basic_auth(username, password);
+}
+inline void Client::set_proxy_bearer_token_auth(const char *token) {
+  cli_->set_proxy_bearer_token_auth(token);
+}
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+inline void Client::set_proxy_digest_auth(const char *username,
+                                          const char *password) {
+  cli_->set_proxy_digest_auth(username, password);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+inline void Client::enable_server_certificate_verification(bool enabled) {
+  cli_->enable_server_certificate_verification(enabled);
+}
+#endif
+
+inline void Client::set_logger(Logger logger) { cli_->set_logger(logger); }
+
+#ifdef CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
+inline void Client::set_ca_cert_path(const char *ca_cert_file_path,
+                                     const char *ca_cert_dir_path) {
+  cli_->set_ca_cert_path(ca_cert_file_path, ca_cert_dir_path);
+}
+
+inline void Client::set_ca_cert_store(X509_STORE *ca_cert_store) {
+  if (is_ssl_) {
+    static_cast<SSLClient &>(*cli_).set_ca_cert_store(ca_cert_store);
+  } else {
+    cli_->set_ca_cert_store(ca_cert_store);
+  }
+}
+
+inline long Client::get_openssl_verify_result() const {
+  if (is_ssl_) {
+    return static_cast<SSLClient &>(*cli_).get_openssl_verify_result();
+  }
+  return -1; // NOTE: -1 doesn't match any of X509_V_ERR_???
+}
+
+inline SSL_CTX *Client::ssl_context() const {
+  if (is_ssl_) { return static_cast<SSLClient &>(*cli_).ssl_context(); }
+  return nullptr;
+}
+#endif
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+} // namespace httplib
+
+#endif // CPPHTTPLIB_HTTPLIB_H
diff --git a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/masterserver.cpp b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/masterserver.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dcbed9b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/masterserver.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+#include "pch.h"
+#include "masterserver.h"
+#include "httplib.h"
+#include "rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "rapidjson/error/en.h"
+
+#include "concommand.h"
+
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname;
+ConVar* Cvar_ns_masterserver_port;
+
+MasterServerManager* g_MasterServerManager;
+
+// requires password constructor
+RemoteServerInfo::RemoteServerInfo(const char* newId, const char* newName, const char* newDescription, const char* newMap, const char* newPlaylist, int newPlayerCount, int newMaxPlayers)
+{
+	// passworded servers don't have public ips
+	requiresPassword = true;
+	memset(&ip, 0, sizeof(ip));
+	port = 0;
+
+	strncpy((char*)id, newId, 31);
+	id[31] = 0;
+	strncpy((char*)name, newName, 63);
+	name[63] = 0;
+
+	description = new char[strlen(newDescription) + 1];
+	strcpy(description, newDescription);
+
+	strncpy((char*)map, newMap, 31);
+	map[31] = 0;
+	strncpy((char*)playlist, newPlaylist, 15);
+	playlist[15] = 0;
+
+	playerCount = newPlayerCount;
+	maxPlayers = newMaxPlayers;
+}
+
+// doesnt require password constructor
+RemoteServerInfo::RemoteServerInfo(const char* newId, const char* newName, const char* newDescription, const char* newMap, const char* newPlaylist, int newPlayerCount, int newMaxPlayers, in_addr newIp, int newPort)
+{
+	requiresPassword = false;
+
+	strncpy((char*)id, newId, 31);
+	id[31] = 0;
+	strncpy((char*)name, newName, 63);
+	name[63] = 0;
+
+	description = new char[strlen(newDescription) + 1];
+	strcpy(description, newDescription);
+
+	strncpy((char*)map, newMap, 31);
+	map[31] = 0;
+	strncpy((char*)playlist, newPlaylist, 15);
+	playlist[15] = 0;
+
+	playerCount = newPlayerCount;
+	maxPlayers = newMaxPlayers;
+
+	ip = newIp;
+	port = newPort;
+}
+
+RemoteServerInfo::~RemoteServerInfo()
+{
+	delete[] description;
+}
+
+void MasterServerManager::ClearServerList()
+{
+	// this doesn't really do anything lol, probably isn't threadsafe
+	m_requestingServerList = true;
+
+	m_remoteServers.clear();
+
+	m_requestingServerList = false;
+}
+
+void MasterServerManager::RequestServerList()
+{
+	m_scriptRequestingServerList = true;
+
+	std::thread requestThread([this]()
+		{
+			// make sure we never have 2 threads writing at once
+			// i sure do hope this is actually threadsafe
+			while (m_requestingServerList)
+				Sleep(100);
+
+			m_requestingServerList = true;
+			m_scriptRequestingServerList = true;
+			
+			httplib::Client http(Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->m_pszString, Cvar_ns_masterserver_port->m_nValue);
+			http.set_connection_timeout(10);
+
+			spdlog::info("Requesting server list from {}", Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname->m_pszString);
+
+			if (auto result = http.Get("/servers"))
+			{
+				m_successfullyConnected = true;
+
+				rapidjson::Document serverInfoJson;
+				serverInfoJson.Parse(result->body.c_str());
+
+				if (serverInfoJson.HasParseError())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: encountered parse error \"{}\"", rapidjson::GetParseError_En(serverInfoJson.GetParseError()));
+					goto REQUEST_SERVER_LIST_END;
+				}
+
+				if (!serverInfoJson.IsArray())
+				{
+					spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: root object is not an array");
+					goto REQUEST_SERVER_LIST_END;
+				}
+
+				rapidjson::GenericArray<false, rapidjson::Value> serverArray = serverInfoJson.GetArray();
+
+				spdlog::info("Got {} servers", serverArray.Size());
+
+				for (auto& serverObj : serverArray)
+				{
+					if (!serverObj.IsObject())
+					{
+						spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: member of server array is not an object");
+						goto REQUEST_SERVER_LIST_END;
+					}
+
+					// todo: verify json props are fine before adding to m_remoteServers
+
+					if (!serverObj.HasMember("id") || !serverObj["id"].IsString() 
+						|| !serverObj.HasMember("name") || !serverObj["name"].IsString() 
+						|| !serverObj.HasMember("description") || !serverObj["description"].IsString()
+						|| !serverObj.HasMember("map") || !serverObj["map"].IsString()
+						|| !serverObj.HasMember("playlist") || !serverObj["playlist"].IsString()
+						|| !serverObj.HasMember("playerCount") || !serverObj["playerCount"].IsNumber()
+						|| !serverObj.HasMember("maxPlayers") || !serverObj["maxPlayers"].IsNumber()
+						|| !serverObj.HasMember("hasPassword") || !serverObj["hasPassword"].IsBool())
+					{
+						spdlog::error("Failed reading masterserver response: malformed server object");
+						goto REQUEST_SERVER_LIST_END;
+					}
+
+					bool hasPassword = serverObj["hasPassword"].GetBool();
+					const char* id = serverObj["id"].GetString();
+
+					bool createNewServerInfo = true;
+					for (RemoteServerInfo& server : m_remoteServers)
+					{
+						// server already exists, update info
+						if (!strncmp((const char*)server.id, id, 31))
+						{
+							if (hasPassword)
+								server = RemoteServerInfo(id, serverObj["name"].GetString(), serverObj["description"].GetString(), serverObj["map"].GetString(), serverObj["playlist"].GetString(), serverObj["playerCount"].GetInt(), serverObj["maxPlayers"].GetInt());
+							else
+							{
+								in_addr addr;
+								addr.S_un.S_addr = serverObj["ip"].GetUint64();
+
+								server = RemoteServerInfo(id, serverObj["name"].GetString(), serverObj["description"].GetString(), serverObj["map"].GetString(), serverObj["playlist"].GetString(), serverObj["playerCount"].GetInt(), serverObj["maxPlayers"].GetInt(), addr, serverObj["port"].GetInt());
+							}
+
+							createNewServerInfo = false;
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+
+					// server didn't exist
+					if (createNewServerInfo)
+					{
+						// passworded servers shouldn't send ip/port
+						if (hasPassword)
+							m_remoteServers.emplace_back(id, serverObj["name"].GetString(), serverObj["description"].GetString(), serverObj["map"].GetString(), serverObj["playlist"].GetString(), serverObj["playerCount"].GetInt(), serverObj["maxPlayers"].GetInt());
+						else
+						{
+							in_addr addr;
+							addr.S_un.S_addr = serverObj["ip"].GetUint64();
+
+							m_remoteServers.emplace_back(id, serverObj["name"].GetString(), serverObj["description"].GetString(), serverObj["map"].GetString(), serverObj["playlist"].GetString(), serverObj["playerCount"].GetInt(), serverObj["maxPlayers"].GetInt(), addr, serverObj["port"].GetInt());
+						}
+					}
+
+					spdlog::info("Server {} on map {} with playlist {} has {}/{} players", serverObj["name"].GetString(), serverObj["map"].GetString(), serverObj["playlist"].GetString(), serverObj["playerCount"].GetInt(), serverObj["maxPlayers"].GetInt());
+				}
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				spdlog::error("Failed requesting servers: error {}", result.error());
+				m_successfullyConnected = false;
+			}
+
+			// we goto this instead of returning so we always hit this
+			REQUEST_SERVER_LIST_END:
+			m_requestingServerList = false;
+			m_scriptRequestingServerList = false;
+		});
+
+	requestThread.detach();
+}
+
+void ConCommand_ns_fetchservers(const CCommand& args)
+{
+	g_MasterServerManager->RequestServerList();
+}
+
+void InitialiseSharedMasterServer(HMODULE baseAddress)
+{
+	Cvar_ns_masterserver_hostname = RegisterConVar("ns_masterserver_hostname", "localhost", FCVAR_NONE, "");
+	Cvar_ns_masterserver_port = RegisterConVar("ns_masterserver_port", "8080", FCVAR_NONE, "");
+	g_MasterServerManager = new MasterServerManager;
+
+	RegisterConCommand("ns_fetchservers", ConCommand_ns_fetchservers, "", FCVAR_CLIENTDLL);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/masterserver.h b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/masterserver.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1cbc37a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/masterserver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "convar.h"
+#include <WinSock2.h>
+
+class RemoteServerInfo
+{
+public:
+	char id[32];
+
+	// server info
+	char name[64];
+	char* description;
+	char map[32];
+	char playlist[16];
+
+	int playerCount;
+	int maxPlayers;
+
+	// connection stuff
+	bool requiresPassword;
+	in_addr ip;
+	int port;
+
+public:
+	RemoteServerInfo(const char* newId, const char* newName, const char* newDescription, const char* newMap, const char* newPlaylist, int newPlayerCount, int newMaxPlayers);
+	RemoteServerInfo(const char* newId, const char* newName, const char* newDescription, const char* newMap, const char* newPlaylist, int newPlayerCount, int newMaxPlayers, in_addr newIp, int newPort);
+	~RemoteServerInfo(); 
+};
+
+class MasterServerManager
+{
+private:
+	bool m_requestingServerList;
+
+public:
+	bool m_scriptRequestingServerList;
+	bool m_successfullyConnected = true;
+	std::list<RemoteServerInfo> m_remoteServers;
+
+public:
+	void ClearServerList();
+	void RequestServerList();
+};
+
+void InitialiseSharedMasterServer(HMODULE baseAddress);
+
+extern MasterServerManager* g_MasterServerManager;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/pch.h b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/pch.h
index 3044923f..04e5847d 100644
--- a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/pch.h
+++ b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/pch.h
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef PCH_H
 #define PCH_H
 
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
 #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
 #define RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS // need this for rapidjson
 #define NOMINMAX // this too
diff --git a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/scriptserverbrowser.cpp b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/scriptserverbrowser.cpp
index 2f1c95a4..7f7bd369 100644
--- a/NorthstarDedicatedTest/scriptserverbrowser.cpp
+++ b/NorthstarDedicatedTest/scriptserverbrowser.cpp
@@ -1,67 +1,114 @@
 #include "pch.h"
 #include "scriptserverbrowser.h"
 #include "squirrel.h"
+#include "masterserver.h"
 
 // functions for viewing server browser
 
-// bool function NSPollServerPage( int page )
-SQInteger SQ_PollServerPage(void* sqvm)
+// void NSRequestServerList()
+SQInteger SQ_RequestServerList(void* sqvm)
 {
-	SQInteger page = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+	g_MasterServerManager->RequestServerList();
+	return 0;
+}
 
-	ClientSq_pushbool(sqvm, true);
+// bool function NSIsRequestingServerList()
+SQInteger SQ_IsRequestingServerList(void* sqvm)
+{
+	ClientSq_pushbool(sqvm, g_MasterServerManager->m_scriptRequestingServerList);
 	return 1;
 }
 
-// int function NSGetNumServersOnPage( int page )
-SQInteger SQ_GetNumServersOnPage(void* sqvm)
+// bool function NSMasterServerConnectionSuccessful()
+SQInteger SQ_MasterServerConnectionSuccessful(void* sqvm)
 {
-	SQInteger page = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+	ClientSq_pushbool(sqvm, g_MasterServerManager->m_successfullyConnected);
+	return 1;
+}
 
-	ClientSq_pushinteger(sqvm, 1);
+// int function NSGetServerCount()
+SQInteger SQ_GetServerCount(void* sqvm)
+{
+	ClientSq_pushinteger(sqvm, g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.size());
 	return 1;
 }
 
-// string function NSGetServerName( int page, int serverIndex )
+// string function NSGetServerName( int serverIndex )
 SQInteger SQ_GetServerName(void* sqvm)
 {
-	SQInteger page = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 1);
-	SQInteger serverIndex = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	SQInteger serverIndex = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+
+	if (serverIndex >= g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.size())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Tried to get name of server index {} when only {} servers are available", serverIndex, g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.size());
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	auto iterator = g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.begin();
+	std::advance(iterator, serverIndex);
 
-	ClientSq_pushstring(sqvm, "cool", -1);
+	ClientSq_pushstring(sqvm, iterator->name, -1);
 	return 1;
 }
 
-// string function NSGetServerMap( int page, int serverIndex )
+// string function NSGetServerMap( int serverIndex )
 SQInteger SQ_GetServerMap(void* sqvm)
 {
-	SQInteger page = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 1);
-	SQInteger serverIndex = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	SQInteger serverIndex = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 1);
 
-	ClientSq_pushstring(sqvm, "mp_thaw", -1);
+	if (serverIndex >= g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.size())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Tried to get map of server index {} when only {} servers are available", serverIndex, g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.size());
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	auto iterator = g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.begin();
+	std::advance(iterator, serverIndex);
+
+	ClientSq_pushstring(sqvm, iterator->map, -1);
 	return 1;
 }
 
-// string function NSGetServerMode( int page, int serverIndex )
-SQInteger SQ_GetServerMode(void* sqvm)
+// string function NSGetServerPlaylist( int serverIndex )
+SQInteger SQ_GetServerPlaylist(void* sqvm)
 {
-	SQInteger page = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 1);
-	SQInteger serverIndex = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 2);
+	SQInteger serverIndex = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 1);
+
+	if (serverIndex >= g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.size())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Tried to get playlist of server index {} when only {} servers are available", serverIndex, g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.size());
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	auto iterator = g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.begin();
+	std::advance(iterator, serverIndex);
 
-	ClientSq_pushstring(sqvm, "ffa", -1);
+	ClientSq_pushstring(sqvm, iterator->playlist, -1);
 	return 1;
 }
 
-// string function NSGetServerID( int page, int serverIndex )
+// string function NSGetServerID( int serverIndex )
 SQInteger SQ_GetServerID(void* sqvm)
 {
+	SQInteger serverIndex = ClientSq_getinteger(sqvm, 1);
 
-	return 0;
+	if (serverIndex >= g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.size())
+	{
+		spdlog::warn("Tried to get id of server index {} when only {} servers are available", serverIndex, g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.size());
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	auto iterator = g_MasterServerManager->m_remoteServers.begin();
+	std::advance(iterator, serverIndex);
+
+	ClientSq_pushstring(sqvm, iterator->id, -1);
+	return 1;
 }
 
-// void function NSResetRecievedServers()
-SQInteger SQ_ResetRecievedServers(void* sqvm)
+// void function NSClearRecievedServerList()
+SQInteger SQ_ClearRecievedServerList(void* sqvm)
 {
+	g_MasterServerManager->ClearServerList();
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -94,10 +141,23 @@ SQInteger SQ_TryGetAuthedServerToken(void* sqvm)
 
 void InitialiseScriptServerBrowser(HMODULE baseAddress)
 {
-	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("bool", "NSPollServerPage", "int page", "", SQ_PollServerPage);
-	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("int", "NSGetNumServersOnPage", "int page", "", SQ_GetNumServersOnPage);
-	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("string", "NSGetServerName", "int page, int serverIndex", "", SQ_GetServerName);
-	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("string", "NSGetServerMap", "int page, int serverIndex", "", SQ_GetServerMap);
-	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("string", "NSGetServerMode", "int page, int serverIndex", "", SQ_GetServerMode);
-	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("void", "NSResetRecievedServers", "", "", SQ_ResetRecievedServers);
+	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("void", "NSRequestServerList", "", "", SQ_RequestServerList);
+	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("bool", "NSIsRequestingServerList", "", "", SQ_IsRequestingServerList);
+	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("bool", "NSMasterServerConnectionSuccessful", "", "", SQ_MasterServerConnectionSuccessful);
+	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("int", "NSGetServerCount", "", "", SQ_GetServerCount);
+	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("void", "NSClearRecievedServerList", "", "", SQ_ClearRecievedServerList);
+
+	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("string", "NSGetServerName", "int serverIndex", "", SQ_GetServerName);
+	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("string", "NSGetServerMap", "int serverIndex", "", SQ_GetServerMap);
+	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("string", "NSGetServerPlaylist", "int serverIndex", "", SQ_GetServerPlaylist);
+	g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("string", "NSGetServerID", "int serverIndex", "", SQ_GetServerID);
+
+	//g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("bool", "NSPollServerPage", "int page", "", SQ_PollServerPage);
+	//g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("int", "NSGetNumServersOnPage", "int page", "", SQ_GetNumServersOnPage);
+	//g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("string", "NSGetServerName", "int page, int serverIndex", "", SQ_GetServerName);
+	//g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("string", "NSGetServerMap", "int page, int serverIndex", "", SQ_GetServerMap);
+	//g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("string", "NSGetServerMode", "int page, int serverIndex", "", SQ_GetServerMode);
+	//g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("void", "NSResetRecievedServers", "", "", SQ_ResetRecievedServers);
+	//
+	//g_UISquirrelManager->AddFuncRegistration("string", "NSTryGetAuthedServerToken", "", "", SQ_TryGetAuthedServerToken);
 }
\ No newline at end of file